Newspapers / The Caucasian (Clinton, N.C.) / Jan. 30, 1913, edition 1 / Page 3
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Thursday, January 30, 1913. THE CAUCASIAN. fift Thrtx BOB SLED FOR HEAVY WORK One Shown In Illustration Has Ad vantage of Turning Short Cor. nere With Big Load. In reply to & query for a plan and description of a bob sled, suitable for hauling wood, fodder and other heavy work, the Country Gentleman makes the following reply: The following account of a bob sled was Bf-nt us years ago by D. H. Ray mond; he used It for years for logging, and it has the advantage that it will turn Ehort corners and enable a team to draw one-fourth more than any other Eled. The tongue 13 not ect stiff, but Is fastened to the nose-piece with two devices one on the tongue, and one on the cross piece, making a sort of universal Joint, permitting it to turn at right angles, and allowing the team to turn half around without moving the load, and to clear trees and logs. Fig. 1 Chain Ecb Sleds. The draft-chain being entirely inde pendent of the tongue, the latter may be made light. If used much on the road, it should be heavier, and sot stiff. The bobs are coupled together with a forked cable chain in place of a reach, with a grab-hook on each end, and a ring In the center. This ring id put Into a clevis at the rear end of the saddle-plank of the front bob, the other ends of the chain to rings on the nose of the rear bob. The rings are large enough for the chain to double through, so as to let them out or draw them torrether, and by which logs of any length from 8 to 25 feet may be placed equally on both. The rings, properly put on, cannot catch a tree or brush; and the chains playing up and down, permit the rear bob to go over the roughest ground, logs or brush. The shoes of the runners are made of the hardest dry wood, sawed slight ly across the grain, so as to wear with It. They will last a whole winter. The lower figure in Fig. 2 shows how they i Fig. 2 Sled Shea and Ecister. are put on. The boh ter of the rear bob is 4 by 5 inches. The bolt heads which fasten it should be "let in," so as to be oul of the way. The bolster of the for ward bob is shown in the upper figure of Fig. 2, and has rings to bind the load. The saddle-plank, on the front bob, should be 2Y2 inches thick and a foot wide, to support the king-bolt and whole load. FUNCTIONS OF TILE DRAINS Farmer Cannot Afford to Wait on Na ture and Must Provide Artificial Means of Drainage. Drainage is the limiting factor on many farms where the hand of man has not assisted nature in the re moval of free soil water, says Farm Press. Nature has furnished us with a surface drainage system in our rivers, creeks and rivulets. In some places she has provided subter ranean drainage in sand and gravel subsoil. If allowed to take its time, the water would follow small passage ways to some natural outlet, but the agriculturist cannot wait. Where the soil is underlaid with a heavy clay, hardpan, sand or limestone rock, it l necessary for man to assist nature. He resorts to digging a trench from two and one-half to three feet in depth, above the impervious stratum, and place therein a tile drain. This tile rapidly carries away the free wa ter that rises to or above the stratum of hard clay or rock. The function of the drain is not so much to remove water as It passes downward as it is to carry it away as is rises to the tile level. A good crop Is dependent upon a large root system. Since uie root system of the plant will not develop in free soil water, the shallow laying of the drain tile means a small crop. Deep laying of the tile provides a large feeding area for the roots of a big crop. Deep drainage and frequent shallow cultiva tion smile at droughts. Saving the Harness. Aside from the bad appearance -which uncared for harness presents, it has a habit of suddenly giving out at Important moments, and this makes trouble and much loss. If not kept in good condition harness be comes hard and very uncomfortable to the horses, and when In that condi tion cracks and warps, rendering It In a short time unfit for use. All this trouble can be easily avoided if you will give your harness a little at tention. Preserving Timbers. To preserve timbers from dry rot and decay paint the timbers with crude carbolic acid, giving them sev eral coats for timbers that are placed in damp places soak In all the wood will take. This will prolong the life of the wood for many years. Hens Relish Cinders. Hens will eat a great quantity of coal cinders and they are very good tor them. Try putting a load in the chicken yard and watch the result. 1 Jv5- . NITROGEN IS OF IMPORTANCE Large 8uma of Money Are Expended Yearly for Fertilizers Contain ing This Element. One of the most Important plant and tree foods Is nitrogen. Large sums of money are spent every year by farmers and fruit growers for fer tilizers containing this element. The air we breathe Is the greatest known storehouse of nitrogen, but the nitro gen in the air is not in a form which can be d;rectly used by the plants. It can, however, be converted Into a UEable form by the action of soil bac I teria those microscopic organisms which exist In soils and materially af- j such as potatoes, grains, etc. Alcohol feet the growth of crops. Cultivation j has been and is now being made from brings these soil bacteria Into direct j sawdust, but as the processes em contact with the air from which they j ployed are trade secrets this material take the nitrogen and convert It Into will not be discussed. food for the adjacent plants and trees, j Without cultivation this beneficial ac- ; tlvlty of these minute organisms la , greatly restricted, and consequently uncultivated orchards are not as well supplied with the food materials re quired for the prolific production of fruit of the best quality. Cultivation, too. keeps In the moisture of the soil, and give the rain and sun a chance to produce the best results. LIVE STOCK MEANS SUCCESS No Better Place for Farmer to Market Corn and Roughage Than to Give to Animals. On nearly every farm live stock raising is merely a side line where it should be the main thing. There Is no place where the farmer can market ! his corn and roughs qe so profitably as feeding it to good live stock. The mar- ! ket is right at home in the feed lot, and no long hauls to town are neces sary. If a farmer can feed his 60-cent corn to good hogs which will pay him j 80 cents for it, does he not make an j advance on the price of his corn and j a profit In the fertility returned to the i soil as well as a ravine of exnense in ! hauling? Breeding pure-bred live stock la a business which should be reluctantlv. Improving the common may also be used in various household stock a little each year will lead up to ! appliances, both for lighting and heat the pure-bred business. There can j Purposes with much more safety exist no permanent system of agri- than either kerosene or gasoane Its . ,? .. ! cost previous to the enactment of laws cuuure wiinoui live siock auu.ua uign- priced land, pure-bred stock is the only kind to have. FLOODGATE IS VERY SIMPLE Missouri Man Has Cne Arranged on Plan of Railway Stock Guard It Costs Little. In describing a simple and success ful floodgate II. S. Terrell of Saline county, Missouri, writes the Breeder's Gazette as follows: My floodgate is made on the plan of a railway stock guard. We start by using two small Jogs or poles extend ing down the creek as shown, the low er ends sunk in the creek bed and the upper ends resting against trees or A Missouri Flood Gate. posts. We put a three-quarter inch bolt through where they cross. For slats use old rail;:;, poles or 2 by 4 of good material F.pikcd to the logs. Then m ground 1 -f j the job is done. j The percentage of starch in pota- The best of it is it stays put. There , toes may me easily determined by is no cost to speak of at the start and means of a specially prepared instru tio trrmlde afterwards wading around ment. An average sample of the in the mud cleaning it and getting it stock-proof again. The middle being lowest, the main current naturally stays there and so all logs, stumps and trash of any kind go right on down the stream. If the flock is not culled every year it will deteriorate rapidly. Attention to detail often means suc cess in the poultry business. The merits of the scratching shed are shown during bad weather. The incubator should be in readi ness before It Is time to start it. Overcrowding is one of the worst and most frequent mistakes made by poultrymen. Allow chickens of all sizes a good dust bath. They enjoy It, from the smallest to the largest. Dry mash, charcoal and grit can be fed in a box covered with half-inch poultry netting, without waste. Don't keep unsightly or crippled chickens, even though they have been valuable birds in their day. Some tell the sex of the guinea fowl by Its wattles. Those of the male are double the si2e of the female. Some of the causes of roup are sud den and extreme changes In tempera ture, damp houses and draughts. A good poultryman Is industrious, not easily discouraged, filled with pluck and grit and full of ambition. Have your fowls so tame that you can go among them without causing fright. You will get better egg pro duction. Excited men and women make ex cited birds, and that has a bad effect on the egg-producing mechanism of the birds. Do not put males In adjoining pens with only netting between them. H? ,e a twelve-inch board at the bottom of each partition. LC0H0L FROM POTATO CULLS 'Denatured" Liquid Suitable for Man ufacture of Varnish and Other Commercial Articies. fBT A. O. WKNTEL) Alcohol Is a substance produced by the fermentation of sugar. In practice , V. . ill. - . wiirjt; we iu tsjui? j u revs oi sugar for this purpose: First, plants natural ally containing sugar ready to t con- I verted into alcohol by simple ferment, j ation. such as sugar cane, surar beets. i : sorgnum. trusts, etc.; second, ms ? terials containing starch which may j be changed Into sugar by the action of I malt or acids and then fermented. The so-called "denatured alcohol Is prepared by the addition of such Ingredients as will make the alcohol unfit for drinking purposes. It Is used extensively In the manufacture of varnish, explosives, chemicals, and many other commercial articles- It ... 'v.j . Apparatus for Determining the Starch Contents of Potatoes. ... making it tax-free was such as to pre- vent its use in engines and motors, consequently very little was done toward their adaptation to its use. It Is, however, being successfully used in both statiosary and traction engines in other countries where it can be had at a moderate price, and under similar conditions of economic manufacture would undoubtedly be so used in this country. Potatoes have been successfully used as a source of cheap alcohol in other countries and conditions in this country indicate that large quantities of potato culls with the necessary starch content are available for this purpose at a price which would permit i of the profitable manufacture of alco hol therefrom. Experimental work of the agricultural department distillery has shown how potatoes can be economically handled and practical instructions in the method of manu facture can now be given. This work has been done in a small distillery such as would be suitable for large farms or communities of farmers working in co-operation. Farmers may, if they so desire, obtain from the government data which will enable them to convert frosted or inferior grades of potatoes into a source of revenue, as it has been shown by ex periments that these may be made into alcohol at a fair profit. potatoes is washed and thorougniy dried. Exactly ten pounds are placed in the wire basket (one potato may be cut if necessary to get the exact weight). The instrument with the j basket attached is floated in a tank containing clear water at 53.5 de ' grees Farenheit. The stem is so grad ' uated that the percentage of the starch can be read directly from it Potatoes average from 14 to 20 per cent, of starch and one pound of starch in practice yields about 0.071 gallon of absolute alcohol, or 0.079 gal lon of denatured alcohol at 180 degrees proof. One hundred pounds of an av erage grade of potatoes containing 17 per cent, of starch would yield approx imately 1.3 gallons of denatured alco hol. Sulky Plows. Many farmers have the mistaken Idea that sulky plows are not for rock soils. It is on such soils that we find their economy the greatest. Only the driver is required and the weight of the plow holds the share to its work where often three men one at the beam would not be able to do half the work of the sulky nor nearly as well. Their draft will be from 5 to 10 per cent greater than that of the walking plow, dependent upon the skill in adjusting the center of draft right Care of Hives. When the hives are well distribut ed In a certain space their inmates may be more easily handled. It seems to Improve their disposition, especial ly if there are some trees or shrubs about it. Robbing is not so prevalent either, and the absence of that always helps to make bees better natuxed. Care of Water Trough. Try putting a pinch of copperas In the watering trough once or twice a month. Better still, scrub out the trough and spray thoroughly with a copperas solution. FOWLS REQUIRE GREEN FOOD Turnip, Cbbc. BetU and Al! Such Furnish Change That Is Appre ciated fey All Blnja. During the spring, estsaer aad fall It Is cot dlCcult to supply a variety m - 01 greea rood for the fowls, as asy ... . ' VJ v r them but when cold W"lhr ,eU ia " U Tery " . 7. utif!&s fho fail Turnips, cabbage. bts and all such make good food and furnish a grate ful change, which the fols appre ciate. The scraps and Declines mav b fed raw, or they may be put in a pot on back of the stove and allowed to cook gently during the day. and then thickened at night with equal parts -of cornmeal and uheat bran, and to j be fed next morning as a mash, using care not to give too much, as when the fowls are satisfied they will stand ( about and refuse to scratch and take j sufficient exercise. ! SOME COMMON HEN DISEASES Treatment Prescribed for Several Kinds of Ailments Sickly Birds Should Be Isolated. AH diseased birds should be isol&t ! ed. Colds and Roup Disinfect the . drinking water as follows: To each ' gallon of water add the amount of i potassium permanganate that will re j main on the surface of a dime. I Chlckenpox. Apply a touch of io-' dine and carbolated vaseline to each i sore. Gapes. New ground and vigorous j cultivation will very often remedy j this trouble. ! Scaly Legs. Apply vaseline to the affected parts, and after twenty-four hours soak in warm, soapy water. Repeat treatment until cured. Diarrhoea in Hens. Iow grade wheat flour or middlings is good for this trouble. VENTILATOR KEEPS OUT RAIN Device fcr'Use in Building or Cave May Be Constructed From Joint of Stovepipe. It is often desirable to have a build ing or cave, well ventilated, and still have it ' so that no rain can enter through the ventilator. Such a venti lator may be constructed from a joint of stovepipe and a can, which is at least an inch larger in diameter than the stovepipe it is to cover, and several inches high. A brace, made from a piece of strap iron, should be constructed as illustratetd in Fig. 1 Rainproof Ventilator. and riveted to the sides of the pipe, says the Iowa Homestead. The can Is then slipped over this and riveted through its bottom to the brace. Have the lower edge of the can about four inches below the upper edge of the stovepipe; this should leave a space of a couple of inches between the bottom of the can and the top edge of the stovepipe, to allow for the free circulation of air as shown in Fig. 2. Garden Farm Notes Filth and health are arch enemies. Recklessness is a short road to failure. The garden acre should be the best on the farm. Cut the cost of production by using machinery wherever you can. The thing that counts is to make every foot of land & producer. Thanks to scientific methods, the drudgery of farm life is being forced back into the limbo of time. It doesn't cost any more to be cleanly than otherwise. And there's more profit and satisfaction in it, too. Scientific farming has joined hands with practical farming In the great work of feeding the nation and the world. Water containing sufficient mineral to be detected by the naked eye is un fit for either man or beast to take into the body. The manure that is taken from the barn yard to the field is out of the way before spring work and it makes a great Improvement in the farm sur roundings. Root crops, such as parsnips, beets, and carrots, may be prevented from shriveling In the winter if they are covered slightly with dry sand in the bin or box. A plump, heavy kernel will produce a stronger plant and nourish it bet ter than a shrunken, light one, or than one which has size without pro portionate weight. The farming business is getting to be a big proposition. Farm life of to day means more than the daily round of chores, with the long, idle winter spent reading the almanac. ni LEARNING TEXTURE OF SOIL lettreeti? d Valuable pHmet May B Made by Un of THre Oid Discarded Cans, If ary cz lbr to prtnre to h!r lt bow tsach isor atr sol's U1 fcoM thin ctfcrr. M fc! tste t-f t02-4!0 CAE Of th- tt Vint, a trail facets L!f doica talcs in it lt!o of ech. Ttz n all br- car., ctr tilth tr.d. cm .tt tiU clay it, S tfc c.tr tf 2s, a rsti loam sx.U ytll -i;j nh busies If uth toil as the Ust ea&so! hid. th! tU it cas :tt the dais, rLch trp o;l from it lot. after cra;St-K aay tt 1im acd other ccar material Pack th oll in all of them don solid. a;.d t-at la all th- Ul hold Iut Itrn car of in some plac tr thy dry out thoroughly A cood plac ts In the kitchn be hind th stoie When they are all H drtrd j-osr a half pint of ater slowly oer the top of each can of soil IUpat this, putting the same amount of water on each soil, until the water txcin to trickle from the holes tn the bottom of the cans. The water will begin to run from the can containing sand first, and if this can be placed so that the water can be caught and maaurd It can be told how much less water this sand will hold than the clay soil, and by the same method it may b n how much more water the soil full of humus wil hold than even a heavy clay toll devoid of humus. LOSS OF FEBRUARY LITTER Wisconsin Swine Breeder Makes Fair ure by Feeding Corn Meal to Youngster Too Soon. A Wisconsin swine breeder, in ar endeavor to get his pigs in market condition as early aa possible in th fall, had several sows farrow in Feb ruary. The sows and young onfi were confined in small breeding pen in a large barn which was kept warm by steam heat. The little pigs grew lustily, but the breeder began feeding them corn m-al before they were weaned. This fat tening food. In conection with th ?ack of exercise, not only disabled the ?ows but brought the youngstert lown with the thumps. The litter was ilmost a totwl loss. This loss might easily have been re.ented. Had the little pigs beet rovided with a large, roomy pen and "rr(3 to take exercise, and had they en f' d on nitrogenous foods rather '.iun corn, they would have entered I"' spring pasture in fair condition r : nranier wins, not as good, per p iv tl. later farrowed litters, but -ji't -i:o','i;h to justify the extra trou ' f ; 'ailed In raising them. I!' a swine breeder cannot provide :.!iy litters with warm accommoda Jons and an exercising place 11 vculd be cheaper in the end to kill them as soon as born. EMERGENCY SHOE FOR HORSE Underpinning Made of Composition oi Aluminum Claimed to Be Im provement for Cities. The emergency horseshoe shown In the illustration is claimed to be ac improvement over the ordinary type of rough-shod shoe for icy surfaces, as the frame holding the calks if Emergency Horseshoe. made of a composition of aluminum, giving unusual lightness. The calk a which are interchangeable and may be sharpened, are made of drop-force steel. LIVE SeTO.CK A good Shropshire flock should aver age nine to ten pounds of wool. Do not attempt to winter more sheep than can be done without crowding. Many good, careful farmers find it practical to hog off some of their corn. The use of silage for sheep feeding purposes has been tried out to a lim ited extent. Keep the hogs quiet, clean and comfortable If you expect the beat gain from the food supplied. Be sure the nock has plenty of fresh water. If the sheep drink from springs, keep the approaches dry. Select steers with short legs, for short legs decrease the amount of of fal and increase the killing percen tage. If from a well-nourished dam and a healthy strain of animals the pigs rarely need attention at farrowing time. Hogs should not as a rule be turned into more corn at one time than they can eat up clean in two or three weeks. As a general proposition it may be said that the sow that hat pigs before she Is a year old will disappoint her owner. Get a pure bred aire of some kind this season. Start to make a specialty of some breed of cattle, swine, sheep or poultry. Tin: HArriSEsA or ctvwo. "It to ee Stat Urs dora'i look ry joeac Mr. W n:: caj:r 14 oat ta tt a all. aa te (Use- ta at ite 4J Uij t wt imra!j fcy tt i&o. "I 4oa"i Uo w tat it tie t,:tr itt ter." yoac Mrs Wiuu aawr Hh a tirt of i:s;tfUs; la ter tc-k. "Tea sr aoW4y coali t klader to ti tzMtt ttaa lr4 U: t ta the sSfcIrt t4-ri:o. Asd always try to fcate tr oil fr;-4s in uttteur t was'. ta tttsi tf crsr It t- tanl ta ie up trr oa tots af:r tt taa t, d.re of it for cte; tnij ): tut wtal raa we do?" :t c !'. r writ dowa the tra the r.tmaa cas up Ttr was c!y ou letter, aad tati a for cI-4 Mrs. Willis. Hr d3tur-l3-!w tar,d4 It to trr asd ttea wat o- iVoiit fro:s tosfrohold taa. Vta h cane tack. ftca Ciiaatre later, old Mrs Willi. rfilsj as 4 eagrr. was tjlas oa ter boaat. " i t cot to co dowa town. Julia." he salJ. "Ill t- bark la tltaw for dinner." She came bat V. at eiartly i oeluk. Her bonnet tad slipped to oae slie and there was a tlre-d uh oc ter face, but her arms wre full of bun dles and ter ejrs were sparkllajc Joy ously. "l'e jot jou tto towels you wanted. Julia." she acaouar. "aad there's a bo of preserved Cl&cer for Fred jou didn't know he loed it. did jou' And that's a handkerchief for Norah; and the ret ar little things for other people." "Hut I don't understand. " Julia stammered. Old Mr. Willis lifted her shlnlac face. "If that isn't like me to for get to tell jou! Why, 'twas an old debt I'd forgotten about tea dollars that came to-day from Mary Id fcon. Think of It ten dollars all my own to spend as 1 tieaiu-d' My, but I had a good time! I'w fco! thr-r dollars left, and I'm coins? to r.te I.yddy llaker a treat to-morrow!" Julia's eyes met her husband's with sudden cornprehnion. Three- years without a dollar of her own with which to give any one a treat mother, to whom giving had been the very breath of life! "Oh," Julia cried, under her breath, "how could we how could we!" Kxchange. The best perfection of a religious man is to do common things In a perfect manner. A conslant fidelity in Miiall things is a great and heroic virtue. S. Ilonavt-ntura. Man CougliN Mini Ilrcnl, ltib. After a frightful couRhing spell a man In Neenah, Wis., felt terrible pains in his side and his doctor found two ribs had been broken. What agony Dr. King's New Discovery would have saved him. A few tea ipoonsful ends a late cough, while persistent use routs obstlaate coughs, expels stubborn colds or heals weak, sore lungs. "I feel sure its a God send to humanity," writes Mrs. Kfne Morton, Columbia, Mo., "for I believe I would have consumption to-day if I had not used this great remedy." Its guaranteed to satisfy, and you can get a free trial bottle, or &0 cent or $1.00 size at all druggists. AGE. NTH WAXTKD. We wast agents te repreweat Taa Caucasian in every cousty where w are not already represented. Writ us for sample copies aad terms te ageats. Our terms are very liberal and you can make ood money by de voting your spare time to the work. Address. THE CAUCASIAN. Raleigh. N C NOTICK OF BALE OF LAXD. Dy virtue of the power awl author ity given in a mortgage deed exe cuted on the 12th day of July, 1910, by L. F. Stewart and wife to J. J. Reynolds, recorded In the Register of Deeds office. Wake County, In Dook 258, at page 246. I will offer for sale at the court-house door In Raleigh, N. C, on Monday, November 4, 1012, the following piece or par cel of land situate In Duckhorn Township, Wake County, bounded aa follows: On the east by Henderson Barker and the south by J. J. Hack ney and the west by Sarah Clark and the north by Deb Evans, containing thirty acres more or leaa. Terms cash. J. J. REYNOLDS, Mortgagee. C. M. BERNARD, Attorney. n Isten&tfcoal Ccrmpondsnce SckocSs OF BCBAXT05. PA, will trala yon. dariag spare Urns, for a Goverameat position or to til a re sponsible technical poeltlo at a larg er salary thaa yon are sow gettlas For tall laformitiOB. fill out tee co up a below and mall it to our Washington once hL D. Haaley, 8apL. "L a a.M Wsis iagtoa. D. C Office 619. Pes sylvaaia Aveaue. N. W. Dear Sir: Please aead sae Isfor raatioa aa to how I can become s (cestlon peti tion) by spare time stady witho leaving my pretest work eattl I era tuallSed. My name ts r Street and No. Town and State.. ... m
The Caucasian (Clinton, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 30, 1913, edition 1
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