Thursday, February 6, 1913.
THE OAnnAftiATt
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Pi OWING IS HARD ON HORSES
Fw Teams That Are Not Doing Tn
to Thirty Per Cent of Unneces
sary Work in Fields.
(By E. W. HAMILTON.)
Plowing Is at best the hardest work
our farm horses hare to perform. Few
plow teams are not doing 10 to 30 per
cent of unnecessary work. The writ
er has seen plows which he believed
were pulling GO per cent harder than
they should.
We are told that about 50 per cent
of the draft of a plow Is due to the
cutting of the furrow slice. The con
dition of the cutting edge must then
be of first importance. Expert plow
men recognize this and In competi
tions file their shares to knife edge.
One authority claims that an old
share resharpened has shown 36 per
cent heavier draft than a new share.
Again, engine plows of the same make
and size have under the same condi
tions showed 45 per cent difference in
draft in favor of the new freshly filed
shares over resharpened shares in or
dinary condition. It will certainly pay
to keep the plow shares sharp and in
proper form.
The set and, adjustment of a plow
Is almost as much to do with the
draft as condition of the share. A
riding plow with rear furrow wheel
should pull little or no harder than a
walking plow or plows of the same
widths. Yet how many do it? About
30 per cent of the draft of a walking
plow is due to the friction of the plow
on the bottom and side of the fur
row. In the riding plow this friction
Is eliminated by carrying the weight
and down and side pressure of plow
bottom on wheels. To accomplish this
the rear furrow wheel is set out about
an inch and a quarter so that land
side cannot touch the side furrow.
The wheel is also set down so the
heel of landsidc is raised one half to
three-fourths inches off bottom of fur
row. When so set the plow bottom
will sink into the ground and hang
there. When plow bottoms "float" in
the frame none of the bottom and
side pressure is removed and the draft
of the bottoms Is the same as that of
the walking plows to which must be
added that due to weight of plow
frame and driver.
BIG ESSENTIAL FOR STOCK
Animals Go for Days Without Drink
ing When Water Is Ice Cold
Tank is Inexpensive.
(Py J. G. STRING)
A tank may be built cheaply of
planks for the sides and ends, with
galvanized iron for the bottom, so
that when the tank is set on the brick
foundation a fire can be built under
it, and it will take but little heat to
keep the water from freezing.
The stovepipe must have an elbow
that goes through the brick nearly up
to the bottom of the tank, so that the
pipe won't touch the plank. The stock
drink more water in winter when it is
Water-Heating Tank.
heated. When ice-cold, they will go
for days without drinking at all; and
as plenty of water is necessary to
their well being, the importance of
having it at a comfortable tempera
ture is readily seen.
Too, the milking cow will give more
milk, and the young stock stand the
cold better, when the water is saved
the freezing mark.
BIG ASSISTANCE TO FARMER
Smart Buyers of Live Stock Make
Good Money Outguessing Own
ers Scales Prove Profitable.
(By A HIRED MAN.)
Our boss says: "No more guess
work for me." He has put in a pair
of scales, having found out many
years too late that scales make
knowledge definite. "Before I put In
the scales," says the boss, "I did not
know anything for certain and sure."
Smart buyers of live stock count on
making good money just because they
are better guessers than farmers and
they are always anxious to buy on a
guess. You can bet your last dollar
that these fellows never view a farm
scale with a friendly eye. A man feels
mighty cheap to learn that some slick
buyer has bought his hogs at guess
weights and sold them at advances
ranging from 25 to 50 pounds per
head. In these days there is no rea
sonable excuse for farmers to per
sist in selling their stock and crops
at a guessed weight. A set of farm
scales furnish facts that help to put
farming on a business basis.
Compost Heap.
A few odd fence rails, built toge
ther in a square in the garden, will
hold all the rubbish that is fit for de
composing. Add to it the weeds from
the garden and manure and all ashes
from the house. Pour the wash wa
ter over it and allow it to pack thor
oughly. It will be of value for next
spring while it concentrates... now all
the waste refuse and prevents the
hens from broadcasting it again.
Egg Stimulant.
Some of the English breeders put a
small teaspoonful of mustard In the
morning mash for every six or seven
fowls. This is used as a tonic as well
as a stimulant to egg production.
PROFIT DEPENDS UPON CARE
Incumbent on Caretaker to Manage
Fowls In Hit Charge to Reap
the Greatest Reward.
The profit that Is possible per fowl
is mainly dependent upon the care
taker, writes A. O. Symonds in the
Fruit Grower. It Is up to him to so
care for the fowls In his charge as to
reap the greatest reward. He must
apply his intelligence to study the de
tails that are so essential in egg pro
duction. The hen is a machine, nicely
built and properly adjusted, and the
caretaker must be familiar with this
egg-machine in order to secure the
greatest profit per fowl.
The variety kept has very little to
do with the possible profit per fowL A
flock of Plymouth Rocks may be made
to yield greater returns than a flock
of Leghorns per capita. True it is
that some varieties are better egg pro
ducers than others, but it is also true
that some varieties are better meat
producers than others. No one va
riety has a monopoly on advantages
or profit-paying qualities. There is no
variety without some redeeming fea-
A Prize Winner.
tures that can be so managed by the
skillful poultry keeper as to bring
good returns.
The basis of profit does not rely up
on what branch of poultry keeping one
follows. There are chances in every
line, eggs, meat and fancy. The ordi
nary profit secured in any one of
these branches can be doubled, or
trebled, by the skill and intelligence
Df the caretaker.
The regular profit of one dollar per
fowl seems to satisfy the average
poultryman. This is wrong, for no
one should be satisfied in any line of
work, but constantly striving for bet
ter results and larger profits. Two
and three dollars per fowl is a possi
ble profit and is being attained by
some men in the poultry business to
lay. The secret does not lie in the fowl
Dr the variety, but in the human
Drain. Let us all study more care
fully the rules and principles that j
govern poultry culture. Let us strive
o increase the profit in our flocks,
md thus each year set up a new
standard for the succeeding year. By
thought, perseverance and persistance
?reat things can be accomplished with
poultry. ,
MARGIN OF PROFIT AND LOSS
If Hens Do Not Fall Below Average
of 50 or 60 Per Cent.' in Laying
They Are Money Makers.
A flock of hens should be made to
pay a good dividend on the invest
ment. If they do not do this, there is
something radically wrong somewhere
along the line.
If you have kept a record of the
cost of production and the sales you
will be able to tell whether or not
your hens are paying. Hens that are
laying an average or 50 or 60 per
oent. are doing well, and will make
a good showing in the right side of
the cash book. Any averages above
that will be so much more gain, and
will more than justify keeping the
birds.
If they fall way below this mark
you had better Investigate and find
out the cause of the trouble.
It may be that you have a poor strain
of birds; that you are not feeding the
right kinds of food or in sufficient
quantities, or that you are not giving
them the proper attention that they
must have in order to be great pro
ducers. Sheep Value to Farm.
The care of a flock of sheep is a job
a good deal less sweaty and laborious
than the swing of the scythe and the
hoe in an unending effort to kill off
the weeds. In the presence of such a
flock, the weeds rapidly disappear,
and the grasses take the possession
of the ground. Some farmers are said
to hesitate about starting a flock of
sheep because of the possible reduc
tion of the duty on wool and the de
cline in price that perhaps would fol
low. But this would cut no figure in
the case.
Mutton always commands a profit
able price; and the combined returns
from mutton and wool, added to the
services of the sheep in keeping
down the weeds and enriching the
land, will perhaps make the flock a
highly valuable contributor to the
prosperity of the farm.
Care With Turkeys.
Always be sure that every part ol
any inclosure where the turkey hen
and poults are kept is well drained.
Sometimes the hen will sit down at
night in a low place and a heavy rain
will fill the depression with water and
chill or drown the poults.
USE CAUTION WITH GASOLINE
Property Handled the Liquid Is One
ct ths Most Vsluabls cf Indus
trial Agencies.
Gasoline seems to be so much of
a necessity these days, especially oa
the farm, that we are apt to overlook
its dangerous qualities. It Is said of
a fire that It is a good servant bat a
bad master, and this is most assured
ly the case with gasoline. Properly
handled, it Is one of the most val
uable of industrial agencies, but used
carelessly it becomes destructive in
th- extreme.
The other day c woman poured
some gasoline on the fuel in the stove,
wishing to make a quick fire. After
putting the can down in a remote
corner of the room she started the
fire I'r the stove. Like a flash the
gasoline in the can exploded and she
was fatally Injured. She did not
know that an unseen train of gasoline
vapor might lead from the match she
struck or the flames in the stove to j
the distant can.
In aiother case a woman poured a
quart it gasoline into a marble basin
in the bath room and placed a silk
waist In It. She closed the door and
went away for ten minutes. Then she
This generated sufficient electricity
to make a spark. The gasoline ex
ploded, the house burned and the
woman lost her life.
There are many people who handle
this fluid as carelessly as kerosene,
and the number of accidents report
ed would seem to be increasing.
Printed Information regarding the
safe handling of gasoline should be
obtained and studied by every house
use it in any way. Dealers also should
keeper and all who are required to
be more particular in giving out
needed information on the subject.
CHECK ON THE QUACK GRASS
Serious Menace Is Eradicated by
Ceaseless Cultivation How
Farmer Got Rid of Pest.
(By R. Q. WEATHERSTONE.)
One man in our neighborhood
bought a farm several years ago that
was badly infested with quack grass.
The uplands were free from the pest,
but about twenty acres of creek bot
tom land grew scarcely anything else.
The former owner had let these bot
toms in hay for many years, although
of late he had been mowing scarcely
anything but quack.
The other man, however, put the
entire twenty under the plow, wear
ing out a good many share points in
tearing up the rough sod and more
than once "saying things." Then he
planted corn, after having first har
rowed and disked, and disked and har
rowed, until a great many of the
quack roots were killed.
Ceaseless cultivation was kept up
until the corn was too tall to admit a
cultivator, and the field was gone
over once with the hoe. In the fail
the corn was rather weedy when cut,
still it was not half bad. As the bot
tom was extremely fertile, it was
plowed, harrowed and disked again,
and the corn was put in once more.
The same old story of cultivation
and hoeing was repeated and even a
larger crop of corn was the result,
with less quack than the fall before.
The bottom looked good for yet an
other crop of corn, so far the third
time the scratching of the earth con
tinued. By that time the quack was
pretty well under control, and it was
no longer a seriou3 menace ; to the
crop.
DISCHARGER FOR HAY FORKS
Looped-Rod Attachment Separates
Load Without Pitch and Jerk in
Ordinary Implement.
The looped-rod attachment for fork
tines shown in the illustration is de
signed as a load discharger, and sep
arates the fork from its load without
the pitch and jerk required with the
Load Discharged.
ordinary fork. The rods loop over
the points of the tines and are carried
back to a rocker bar operated by a
steel sleeve that slides on the handle.
The apparatus is especially useful In
the handling of corn stalks.
Methods of Picking.
Either scalding or the dry-picking
method can be used for fowls intend
ed for market, but for broilers only
the dry-picking method is allowable.
A chick only a few weeks old is a
very tender bird, but if scalded it will
be found impossible td pick it with
out occasionally rubbing a little of
the skin off. These spots will dark
en and give the broiler a stale look.
The scalding will also increase the
tendency to decay. With dry picking
not only will the bird keep much
longer, but the natural firmness of
the flesh prevents all fear of skin
ning. To Clean Plumage.
The plumage of a white fowl can
be cleaned of stain by washing with
a clean white or transparent soap that
is free from much alkali. Make a
strong lather and use your hand and
a soft hair brush. Stroke the feath
ers downward, from the head to tht
tail
WINTER CARE FOR THE CALF
Where) Yeunjsters are Raised oa
SUmmiik Thty Should fit Taught
to Cat Grain Earty.
(By C IL ECKLns. Drrmaa. aCbaearf
AfrtculturaJ Ccii.)
The calf which is to be raised a
skimmilk should be taught to eat
grain early. Wbea they have access
to it. many begin eating grain at two
weeks of age. The grain should be
placed in a box where they can easily
get to it and they can be encouraged
at 3rt by placing a little in then
mouth after they have consumed their
milk. Grain can best be fed dry after
the milk is fed. In no case should it
be fed in the milk as in that case it
will be gulped down without chewing,
which Is bad for the digestion. No
more grain should be given than will
be eaten up twice each day. which
will not be more than one-half pound
daily for the first two months. After
this they may have more, bat it will
not be necessary to fed more than
one pound per day up to six months
unless It Is desired to push tbt::i rap
idly. If grain is allowed to nmaln
in the trough, it often becomes damp
and decayed, and may cause sickness.
Just as dirty pails may do.
In feeding grain one must keep In
mind that the object is to supply fat
which is deficient in the skimmilk.
It was at first assumed that linseed
h5iVtyr f :l&r
mm
Excellent Quartette.
oil meal was the best, but since corn
is high in starchy foods, and fats,
it fills the requirements just as welL
and is cheaper. Oats are also good.
An equal mixture of cornmeal and
whole or crushed oats can hardly be
improved upon for supplementing
skimmilk. Cornmeal alone is as good
as any for the young calf, but after
two or three months it can eat shelled
corn justas well.
Calves will begin to nibble hay al
most as soon as they will eat grain,
for young calves timothy or mixed
hay is well adapted as clovers and
alfalfa are laxative, and so palatable
the animal often overeats and this
helps to produce scours. After three
or four months they should by all
means be fed some of the legume hays
(alfalfa, clover or cowpea) on account
of the bone and growth producing ele
ments this class contains. An abun
dance of clean water should be given
at all times and salt after the animal
is old enough to eat grain and hay.
ONE TREATMENT FOR HEAVES
Disease Is Incurable, but May Be
Palliated by Feeding Easily Di
gested Nutritive Food.
(By DR. J. H. STANDISH. Nova Scotia
Department of AgricuTture.)
Repeated gorging of the stomach
with food or water, and often both,
is the cause of heaves. The symp
toms are deep breathing, evidenced
by the expanding nostrils and double
lifting of the flanks, both of which
are increased if the animal is forced
up a grade at a fast trot or gallop
when the stomach is distended with
food or water; generally, also, a hack
ing cough, mostly in the morning.
The disease is incurable, but may
be palliated by feeding easily digested
nutritive food in small quantities. Give
such food as early cut, well cured,
clean timothy hay, preferably damp
ened with weak lime water, oats,
wheat bran, flax seed ground, and in
winter roots, carrots, turnips, mangels
or sugar beets; the oats to, be boiled
twice a week. Give four drams of
ginger and two drams of baking soda
in the food at night, or oil of tar in
dessert spoonful doses. In some
cases, better results are secured by
alternating these daily or weekly, and
in some cases are benefited by four to
ten grain doses of white arsenic once
a day. But care in feeding and water
ing is necessary in any treatment. Oat
straw, if early cut and well cured, is
often preferable to hay. In either
case, shake the hay or straw to re
move all dust.
Bare Spots on Lawns.
For bare spots on the lawn sow
equal quantities of white clover and
blue grass; then rake the ground
thoroughly and sow a mixture of wood
ashes and land plaster. One quart of
plaster mixed with one peck of ashes
will make a good mixture. If ground
should be dry, water it. Apply the
water late in the evening. If ashes
cannot be had. spread fine manure; the
scrapings of the barnyard will answer.
The manure will not only fertilize the
ground, but it will also serve as a
slight mulch for the young clover. For
a plot of ground 15 by 20 feet, or 300
square feet, sow one quart of seed.
Watch for Colds.
It Is necessary to watch closely tor
colds when birds acclimated to sleep
in the open air are brought to their
regular roosting quarters. The change
will sometimes produce colds, which
can quickly be cared by proper attention.
TO PROTECT JFISECT EATERS
Measure Reasonably fete f
by Cn;ress far Pressrrstlws
f Utile Birds.
One of the three bUSs pn4ig ta
cecgress for the protection f birds
Is reasonably aore of passage. b
cause public sentiment, la the trst
place, is arsiatt the destrcctSon of
birds, and. secondly. tctJt there Is
aa Important eronotstc rro& for the
enactment of strong laws la this di
rection. Officials of the biological sur
vey of the department of arricuhere
estimate that 29 per cent, of the aver
age annual crop of the cou&lry la
destroyed by Insects. Away back as
fsr s l0t it w found that tfe dao
ar dene throssh the ravage of in
sect amounts to H2d.ox.cCo. Tht
ia a dirrct !o to the uatkm. and oce
which must hare a very appreciable
effect in determining the price of prod
uets The farmer must depend oa the
birds more thaa any othr agency to
eliminate this loss, yet the bird slaugh
ter continues. The destruction of la-
'(
Meadow Lark.
eectivorous birds is of special concern
to many nectiona of tha country, be
cause of extfffrive fruit growing. A
the destroyer of Insects. bird have
ccme to be recognized as agents for
conserving national wealth. The kill
ing of a bird indirectly is a contribu
tion to the strength of the insect
horde which infest the vegetable prod
ucts. DEHORNING IS NOT PAINFUL
Operation Is Not Difficult When Clip
per Is Used, Taking Horn Off
Without Crushing.
(By C. E. URASIIEAR. Mliwari College
of Agriculture.)
Dehorning is not the painful opera
tion it used to be. The clipper is
taking the place of the dehorning
saw. its advantages are that it la
more quickly operated and it gives
thn animal less pain
It has the further advantage that
the close confinement of the animal
neoss-ary for the operation of the
Fav U not needed in the use of the
clirKr. It is u?ed successfully with
out a (I'-horning chute.
T'ne annual is tied to a tree with a
rep-, pa. :- ni around the neck. A ring
ni h a rope attached is placed in the
n v and pu'ied in the direction oppo
rif.e tree. Th:? throws the head
in M-'tt'on for dehorning.
Tii' Lorn is more often cut too high
fh: n fro close In fact, it is hard to
rur. t:.- horn too close, and the horn
"t;ts eiFier low. The wound also heals
quicker fnd the head Is given a nicer
phape. A ring of skin should be tak-r-n
o'T with the horn.
It is a good plan to grease the clip
pers with grease that Is mixed with
-ome disinfectant, such as creollne.
The best clipper on the market has
V-shaped notches in the blades. It
rlips the horn off easily, without
crushing. The knife with straight
edges tends to crush the horn and If
harder to operate.
FOWLS NEED SOME EXERCISE
When Confined Too Closely Birds
Are Constantly Trylnj to Secure
Liberty, Making Poor Returns.
If fowls are too closely confined,
they will constantly be striving to get
at liberty they will try to fly over
the highest fences, and in every way
show how well they love the range
of field and pasture. Such uneasiness
and anxiety to get out militate against
their good health, and a hen that is
not in good health will not lay eggs,
says the New York Farmer. They
should, therefore, have all the space
that may be allowed them, and this
may not be furnished at all, than how
much more Important it is that one
does not keep too many fswls con
fined within the limit of the poultry
house exclusively.
However well the poultryman may
feed and tend them, when thus re
stricted, if there be an excess of num
bers crowded together, the hens will
cease to lay, they will get ill, they
will lose their flesh, become miser
able In a short time, and in no case
can they be made to give good returns
whin thus restricted in their quar
ters. If you had no room for the hens
to exercise in, you would better get
rid of them.
Kerosene Emulsion.
Kerosene emulsion, one of the best
mixtures to use in combatting mites
in the poultry house. Is made by mix
ing two gallons of kerosene oil, V
pound of whale oil soap, one quart of
home-made soft soap, and one gallon
of water. Dissolve the soap by boil
ing In water, then remove from the
fire and add the kerosene at once.
Churn this mixture rapidly and vio
lently until It is as smooth as beaten
cream. One part of emulsion to sev
eral parts of water is nsed to dilute
the mixture for application to build
ings, dropping boards or nest boxea.
Add one or two ounces of carbolic add
to the emulsion just before applying.
Health Essentials.
Pure air, pure water and pure food,
as well as thorough cleanliness, are all
essential to the chicken's health. The
fowl's power to resist !ffni9 Is das
t these.
A CAKK COTTtarr.
2. Wfcsx eats is as4e a a yar ?
Birthday
2. Wast eW aU taCi!r
s? llibbon.
2. What ease id as IstsJU
ti? tiif. -
4. What csa caU the scatter
uk! Marti.
J. What ca weiiU ta&akeys tiseT
t. What cl, U c4 at a p:M
tte ta ' WW nr14 ca,
7, What case U profane. tUs
food.
. What eak I cracked be far
baked? Nat.
. What cake au&Uh
Ssrprtw? cak
10. What U the lridesis cake?
lTItioc.
11. Natse h cooktgur case?
Gold cake.
12. Nate the frsir' cake?
Fruit cake.
13. Name th detout rake?
Ansel's fcn4
14. Name the lotrr's cake? Wed
ding cak
Nam the pufUltt cake?
Tound.
!. Name the idler s cake? Ixaf
cake Sri.
hit or wisiMM nuM wtonx.
it;.
1I tit-yer paftM-d a day without tak
ing one or taorp long a!ka. indeed,
his panacea for moat l!U was cter
ciM, and the eiercUe he chief!' ad-vocatr-d
m walking. He rt: "I
cot a ntarly angry aa it U In m to
tM-come with people 1 lot w&ru they
trifle with their healththat U. with
their Ilf like children playing with
Jewel over a bridge aide jeweia
which, once in the water, how can
we, the poor lookers-on. hope to re
cover? You dont know bow abso
lutely well I am after my walking,
not on the mountains ntt-rcly, but on
the beloved Lido. (o there. If only
to stand and be blown about by the
sea wind." Century.
Joy in one's work ia the consum
mate tool, without which the work
may be done Indeed, but without
which the work will alwavs be done
slowly, clumsily, and without Its fin
est perfectness. Phillips Ilrooks.
Makes the Nation (ap.
The awful list of Injuries on a
Fourth of July staggers humanity.
Set over against It, however. Is the
wonderful neallng, by Ducklen'a Ar
nica Salve, of thousands who suffer
ed from burns, cuts, bruises, bullet
wounds or explosions. It's the quick
healer of boils, ulcers, eczema, sore
lips or piles. Twenty-five centa at
all druggists.
AGENT WANTKH.
We wast agents te repreat Thm
Caucasian In every couaty wnsre w
are not already represented Writs
ut for sample copies a ad terms U
agents. Our terms are very liberal
and you can make good mosey by de
voting your spare time to tbe work.
Address. THE CAUCASIAN,
Rilelsh. N (
NOTICE OF HALE OF LAND.
Dy virtue of the power snd author
ity given in a mortgage deed exe
cuted on the 12th dsy ef July, 1910,
by L. F. Stewart and wife to J. J.
Reynolds, recorded In the Register
of Deeds office, Wake County, in
Dook 258, at page 246, I will offer
for sale at the court-house door in
Raleigh, N. C, on Monday. November
4, 1912, the following piece or par
cel of land sltuste in Duckborn
Township, Wake County, bosnded aa
follows: On the east by Henderson
Darker and the south by J. J. Hack
ney snd the west by 8arab Clark asd
the north by Deb Evans, containing
thirty acres more or less.
Terms cash.
J. J. REYNOLDS.
Mortgsgse.
C. M. BERNARD, Attorney.
THE
International Correspondence Schcclj
OF SCRANTON. PA.
New I. C. H. Course to Qualify C. 8.
Civil Service Pot-Offlce Inspector.
Decause of the Importance and re
sponsibility of the position of Post
Office Inspector the Department is
constantly on the lookout for persons
qualified to take the examination.
The examination is non-competitive,
so that to secure appointment it is
only necessary to pass with a credit
able rating.
An allowance of 14.00 a day is
made for expenses while traveling.
Enroll In the Civil Service, Special
Course to prepare for the position of
Post-Office Inspector.
For full Information, fill out the
coupon below and mail it to our Ral
eigh Office.
James B. Cawddy, Manager, I. C. CL,
Hotel Bland, IUlelgh, N. C.
Dear Sir: Please se'nd me Infor
mation as to how I can become a
(mention posi
tion) by spare time study without
leaving my present work until I am
qualified.
My name is
Street and No
Town and State
i
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