North Carolina Newspapers

i si I i i. I I 1 i i I 1 Thursday, February 20, 1913. CARING FOR FARM DRAFTERS Farmers Should Keep Horet In Proper Condition In Winter by Keeping Them at Work. (By WILLIAM A. FREEHOFF.) Most farmers do not get full use of their horses through failure to pro vide work for them during the winter months. There Is generally not much doing on the farm then, except per haps hauling of a little produce to town, dragging In the logs for fire wood and scattering manure on the mowy fields. Altogether they are kept idle for o many days that the average num ber of hours worked per day for a year is even less than two, counting those days In summer when overtime is the rule for man and beast. This condition is unprofitable from an economic point of view, and from the standpoint of the horse's health. Heavy drafters in good flesh and fed liberally on oats and timothy will need exercise and plenty of it to keep In fair health during the winter. They will need warm stables properly ven tilated; there must be no cement or other damp floors for them to lie on; there must be plenty of air and sun shine. One winter we fed scarcely any thing but straw and just a little grain and the horses came through in bet ter shape than those of a neighbor who fed liberally, but who did not have any more work for hiB horses than we had. There was not so much rich stuff to poison the blood. I know of a farmer who regularly hires a teamster to take his magnifi cent drafters out into the employ of the local ice company and so keeps them busy during the winter. An other engages his two teams in the cordwood business for the same pur pose. Neither of these men make very much money through the deal, but they force their horses to pay for their winter board and to come through in splendid shape for the summer's heavy grind. STAPLE FOOD FOR POULTRY Grain Is Beneficial to All Farm Fowls, but Variety Is Necessary for Egg Production. Grain is the staple food for poul try, and will oe used for that purpose as long as fowls are kept on farms; but hens can not give good results on grain alone. It is beneficial to them and will be at all times rel ished, but the demands of the hens are such as to call for a variety. In the shells of eggs as well as their composition are several forms of min eral matter and nitrogen, which can only be partially obtained from grain. Even grains vary in composition, and when fowls are fed on one kind for a long time, they will begin to re fuse it, as they may be oversupplied with the elements of the food par taken and lack the elements that are best supplied from some other source. For this reason they will accept . a change of food, which is of itself an evidence that the best results from hens can only be obtained by a variety of food. Corn and wheat may be used as food with advantage, hut must be given as a portion of the ration and not made exclusive ar ticles of diet. SAW HORSE FOR SMALL LOGS Oirectlons Given for Making Ordinary Buck for the Purpose of Cut ting Up Timber. For sawing up heavy timber where an ordinary saw horse would not be strong enough, take a log about 1 foot in diameter and 10 or 12 feet long. Bore four 2 or 3 inch holes In which to Insert four strong, round Saw Buck for Small Logs. sticks for legs, and when the legs arc In place bore six 2-inch holes along the upper side and insert foot long pegs, having two pairs quite close to gether for convenience in sawing short lengths. To Avoid the Runty Pig. Runty pigs stand a poor show at the feeding trough with a bunch7 oi their husky brothers and sisters. Aa they are crowded out of place natur ally they do not get enough to eat to keep them growing, and they stay runty. A trough arranged with V-shaped partitions set strongly in the trough would give the little fellows an equal enow with the big ones, and the weaker ones could get their share oi food. A handy man can make such a trough arrangement in an hour or so, and even the growth of his plgl would more than pay for his trouble Soil for Grapes. It Is claimed that grapes grown in a clayey soil are darker and more glossy than when grown on gravelly land; but the sweetest and richest tasted grapes are grown on gravelly soil. Vegetables for Hens., Vegetables are great for the hens, especially when they cant get green feed in the fields. EXCELLENT TIME FOR LAYING Not Advisable to Have Pullets Pro ducing Eggs Before October Cold Weather Hinders. Many poultry raisers believe that the sooner pullets start laying the greater the financial returns will be, but this is not always the case. It is not advisable to have pullets laying before October at the earliest, except in the few cases where winter eggs are not wanted. If the birds start lay ing earlier than October the cold weather comes around, and probably will not start again until the winter is nearly over. If they start laying by July or August, as very early hatched pullets sometimes do, they usually moult in the fall and do not lay again until February. But it is equally bad if they do not start laying by the middle of November, as they probably will not start in until the end of January at the earliest and perhaps not until the end of February or the beginning of March. The time the pullets are hatched has more to do with the time they start laying than anything else, but the system of feeding has consid erable to do with it also. If pullets are maturing too quickly they should receive free range and be fed only once a day, about 3 or 4 o'clock in the afternoon being the best time. The food should be only dry grain, and oats are about as good as anything for the purpose. As soon as the early pullets freely receive nutritious foods they start laying. USE WHEELBARROW SEEPER Implement Is Hitched to Harrow by Means of Rope Attached to Pipe Saves One Operation. This makes a handy way to use a wheelbarrow seeder behind a harrow. I used a four-section harrow with it and lapped what the seeder didn't cover each time. I harrowed aroundr the field to avoid turning short around, writes O. S. Newberry oi Meade, Kan., in the Farmers' Mall and Breeze. I simply tied a chain behind the harrow as far as the seed er went, then followed this mark next time so as to cover all the ground with the seeder. A piece of pipe is wired to the levers on the harrow and Seeder Runs Behind. the seeder handles loosely rest on this pipe, but a stick is placed ovei them and wired to the pipe so as not to allow too much free play. The seeder is hitched to the harrow by means of a rope attached to the pipe from the center of the seeder to allow it to follow the harrow in turning. DAIRY COWS ON SMALL FARM Where No Considerable Amount oi Live Stock Is Kept Animals Are of Much Importance. Dairying should be a justifiable factor in the operations of every quarter section farm from the stand point of balancing the farm work On small farms where no consider able amount of live stock can b kept for growth or for sale fat, the dairy herd can not be dispensed with unless the farmer is so well fixed that he does not need a winter busi ness which has the ability to convert his time and labor into cash. The dairy herd has an importanl place to fill in the prosperity of ev ery quarter section farm and we are very sure that our statement appllei to all general farms under this size. Gain on Meat Rations. The New Toak experiment station found that cockerels fed meat gained 56 H per cent, more weight, and such pullets laid eight weeks earlier thau those without meat, but otherwise on a similar diet. Meat-fed ducks were out of sight ol those deprived of it. Again the ex periment was tried with a more care ful attention to a supply of mineral matter for those without meat, and it was found vegetable protein could largely take the place of meat in case of chickens, but not with ducks. Desldable Seed Ears. The best ears of corn have the butts well rounded out with well-shaped ker nels. Ears having straight rows oi kernels and a medium size shank are desirable. The cob should be of me dium size and of a deep color. The kernels should be deep and firm on the cob, medium wedge shaped, have a deep color, and contain large, brighl germs. Good Dairy Farmer. A good dairy farmer has been de scribed as "a good general " fanner plus the-love of cows." This is a good definition, because the man who doei not have a fondness forv cattle, and who does not find some satisfaction in caring for them seldom turns out to be a very capable and prosperous dairy farmer. Slobber In Horses. Cabbage will sometimes cure slob ber in horses, caused by eating white clover; but It is better to keep the clover away from the horses. . THE OAUOAHIATT. GRADING SOILS FOR A LAWN Leguminous Crop of Some Kind 8hou?d Be Planted to Furnish Vegetable Matter Needed. HIT I. J. SKIXXEIL) The Ideal soil for grasses best soil ed for lawn making is one which Is moderately moist and contains a con siderable percentage of clay a soil which is somewhat retentive of mois ture, but never become excessively wet, and is inclined to be heavy and compact rather than light, loose and sandy. A strong clay loam or a sandy loam underlaid by a clay subsoil is undoubtedly the nearest approach to sn Ideal soil for a lawn; it, therefore, should be the aim in establishing, s lawn to approach as near as possible to one or the other of these types ol soil. In many localities it will be very difficult to produce by any art! Proper and Improper soil grading a, Soil to be graded; b, Improper grad Ing, showing exposure of subsoil; c proper grading. ficial means a soil which will ap proach in texture either of the types recommended. Our effort should nevertheless, be directed to attaining as closely as possible these ideals. Where a pure sand or a light sandy soil is the only foundation for the lawn a top dressing of two oi three inches of clay should be given and incorporated with the first foui to six inches of the sand, and after this, if possible, the area should he used for the production of some crop which gives an abundance of vege table matter. In latitudes south oi Washington, D. C, cow peas and soy beans, and in districts north of this red clover, vetches and Canada peas are suitable for this type of soil im provement. These crops if allowed tc occupy the land until their maximum growth is attained and then plowed under, will act very beneficially upon the structure of the soil in making it more retentive of moisture, hettei able to hold fertilizers applied to it, and less liable to allow the green sward upon it to be killed out in times of drouth. In establishing lawns all grading should bex done while the land is in the rough, just after the first break ing of the soil by plowing. When the surface soil is deep and the grading slight no special care is required, but where the soil is shallow or the re grading to be done considerable, care must be exercised so as not to make the surface soil so shallow as to pre vent the proper growth of grass. How to Break Up Brooding. The best and quickest method ol breaking up broody hens is to build a cage entirely of laths, without any solid floor to it, and hang or fasten the cage up outdoors where the air can pass through it. A hen treated in this way will be broken from set ting In a very few days and it is not necessary to deprive her of food or water nor to nearly drown her in a tut of water, as is done too often. Broody hens should not be starved, but fed all they will eat. Heavy feeding starts them laying quickly after their broodi ness has been ended. Starving them delays egg production much longer. New Cabbage Variety. The Enkhuizen Glory cabbage It receiving more attention, perhapa than any other variety introduced in recent years, says a writer in an ex change. A few day 8 ago I talked with a central Pennsylvania farmer who is most enthusiastic regarding Its merits. The points of special In terest and value which he mentioned are that the heads seldom burst and that ''they are almost as solid as Dan ish Ballhead. The plants are alsc certain headers. The variety should receive general trial throughout the country, for it may replace some ol the well-known standard varieties. Bees In General Farming. A few of us realize how important bees are to our farm, garden and orchard crop. If the bees were ter minated this year there would be t failure of the clover seed crop; the same would be true of many vege tables and fruits. Many flowers must be cross fertil ized, and it often requires some' in Bect to do this. The apiary may thus serve a double purpose, furnish the family with sweets and increase the seed, vegetable and fruit production. Small Farms Best. Some men think It a fine thing to own big farms, and so it is, provided one knows how to manage them to advantage, but a little farm kept well in hand fattens the bank account more than a big one neglected. a 6 c GAPES GET WEAK CHICKENS If Fowls Are Kept Dry. Thrifty and Well Fed They Will Seldom Be Subject to Disease. (By W. B. LXLTZ.) Perhaps it would not do to say that sH chickens that die from gape are those that are poorly fed and cared for, but it is undeniably true that if the chickens are well fed on feeding boards and kept dry and thrifty they will seldom be attacked It is generally believed that gapes are produced by minute worms which are propagated in the soil. It follows that if the chickens sre fed on the same ground all through the season they are more liable to be troubled by the gapes than if they are fed on dry floors. Preventative is better than cure always and if the chickens are fed on dry floors for the first few weeks of their lives and the yards in which they run changed two or three times during the season they will seldom suffer from the gapes. We believe that this trouble is the result of poorly kept quarters just as lice and mites come when the coops and grounds are neglected. We have never yet heard of an epidemic of gapes In a flock of chicks where every sanitary precaution was taken and they were cared for just as they should be. When you come to study this asser tion you will see that a high standard is set for the amateur chicken-raiser, but U it is maintained your chickens will not die from gapes. To those whose flocks are suffering the best, cure is a simple one car bolic acid. As soon as the chicks show signs of gapes make a small coop with two compartments, an upper and lower. Place a hot brick in the lower one and drop on it three or four drops ot carbolic acid. The upper compart ment in which the chickens are placed should not be air tight as the young sters will suffocate, but it should be tight enough to cause them to sneeze and show considerable agitations. One or two careful treatments in this way will kill the worms In the air passages and it is time for the owner of the flock to put his chicks on new ground, disinfect their roosting quar ters and everything else about the place if he would keep them healthy. DRAFT EQUALIZER ON TRUCKS Invention Involves Plurality of Leveri In' Pivotal Relation Plan of Device Shown. In describing and illustrating 8 draft equalizer for trucks, invented by D. M. Murken of Manhattan, N. Y, the Scientific American says: This draft equalizer is adapted for use ofi trucks or other vehicles, drawn bj either one, two or three animals pull ing abreast so that the leverage will be equalized, the invention involving a plurality of levers in pivotal relation with each other and also articulated through the medium of springs. Th equalizer is adapted for use with one Draft Equalizer For Trucks. two or three swingle-trees, it being desirable in some instances that the animals used with vehicles be changed at short notice, and the structure ot the device is particularly adapted foi such change. The accompanying en graving shows a plan view of the de vice. Notes Keep a record our memories arc ihort. Now is a good time to examine the teed corn. Almost all our common garden veg etables require a somewhat alkaline loll. Let the manure freeze after beini hauled to the field; not around the barn. When the silo is thoroughly dry it is well to treat the inside of it with coal tar. The finer the soil, the better the vegetables, both in quantity and Quality. Most farms should carry more live stock, in order to help maintain the Fertility of the soil. To kill Canada thistles in a field, put the field in some cultivated crop and keep the weeds down. Riding on, a manure spreader has assisted many a man to where he could ride in an automobile. If yoU'U save a little seed corn earlier in the season, youll save a little money later In the season. The growth of oats and young grass should be allowed to start well before turning animals on the pas tore. Fill in about the houses and barn wherever there are low, wet places. No matter what the weather, go dry shod. - Strong leather gloves are a neces sity to the man grubbing boshes, working in stone, etc, for wounds are sure to occur. The scoop shovel handles snow rap idly except when snow sticks to It. Warm it and coat it with tallow and no snow can adhere to it. The secretary of agriculture has es timated that the wealth produced on farms of the United States In 1112 ii In excess of 19,000.000.000. CONCRETE FLOORS FOR K0GS Jtt Cftcvs Bedding Retired ts Keep Animal Frea CeMn in Cen tact With CS4 Material. I aa using concrete floors ia ocr bog boo., and have found list 1 need very little bedding. fust eaoega to keep the body of the pig fro a com ing in contact with the concrete. It is easy to keep a concrete floor una tf the cold sir cannot get oadr It, uft a writer io an eschasg With im plgi In the bouse, daring tero rath er. I had to keep tost of the U. do ft asd the fpr end doom open for intlia!k?n I have nr had piss ttet stiff from tying on concrete floors Good dry bedding, straw or shredded fodder, it seed, and is re moved aa soon at U becomes damp and replaced Uh a fresh apply Ven tilation ta such that cold winds can not blow in on the pigs, I disinfect the houses often with alrlaked lime. A dipping tank is essential, not only for destroying lice, but for promoting health conditions la geaeraL I dip my pigs, once In two months, mors often tf the animals are bothered with lice, and use' any of the dip on the market that have crude oil as a basis. I do not dip In winter, but crowd the hogs into the house, and spray them, leaving them until dry. I spray hogs, walls, bedding and an. I keep wood ashes and a little time in a self-feeder before the pigs sit the time. Hogs need more mineral matter than they usually get. During the summer the hogs should be pro vided with ample shade. HANDY DERRICK FOR WAGON Portable Hoisting Apparatus Saves Teamster Much Lifting- Rigged Up in Few Minutes. No longer need a teamster break his back removing heavy bags of cement or sand or whatever it may be from his wagon. Nor will he need a helper. A man in the state of Washington has invented a portable hoisting appara tus which can be carried In the wag on and rigged up on one side in a few minutes. Or it can be permanently attached if the wagon is used for one purpose only. A square metal frame supports a crane which swings over iht- wagon and out again. A windlass Wagon Derrick. !s attached to this frame and operates running chains that have two iron jaws at the end. The jaws are low ered until they grip a bag around the center and the windlass is then wound up and the crane swung outward, lift ing the load from the wagon easily and swiftly. Alfalfa Hay. Alfalfa hay is a much more econom ical feed for lambs than prairie hay. according to results of an experiment conducted at South Dakota and just published in Bulletin No. 119. It re quired 3.08 pounds of grain and 3.95 pounds of alfalfa to make a pound of gain. Lambs fed a grain ration of South Dakota oats while on rape pas ture msde a larger gain than did lambs fed a grain ration of corn while on rape pasture. In feeding lambs on rape at this station the loss has not been greater than in ordinary feeding operations. To Destroy Stumps. The best time to destroy hard wood stumps is after they have stood two or three years and the roots become brittle. With an iron bar punch a hole under the stump, or use one of the borers made for the purpose, but do not loosen the soil except by mak ing the hole. Place the dynamite well under the center of the stump. A little experience will soon show the right charge for different sized stumps, but use enough to thoroughly blow out the stump. Cleanliness In Gardening. Cleanliness Is exceedingly import ant. Vegetables grown in sandy soils require less cleaning. Washing Is often necessary, although frequently objectionable. Ie helps to break down certain vegetables, as tomatoes, egg plants and peppers. On the other hand. It retains the freshness snd plump ness of other vegetables as peas, beans, spinach and the root crops. Should Not Rob Sell. It is very essential to make money, but It should not be done at a sacri fice of the fertility that is In the land- The thing to do Is to raise crops that will enrich the land at the same time. Ventilation foe Chickens. Unless there is fresh air to reach all parts of the body, the hen wQ not do welL Unless there Is good ven tilation to carry off the moisture) of respiration the house is bound to be damp. Pes tfcrta, to ncccrn: tub rmta Tbe WebJk Uqwar HOI t rH of Cfefc rfe fri If It CotrevM t$ CW U IYoVlrt S tVmalfy. Seats pert News, J tty a vote of Si to f I is Webb Kmjon tljsor bill p4 the Usm I Kfw Utiles Sslsrday. IUpre4tM ntigtrali. f New tor, declare that "nobody stt tfcl but to Wosoe s law; H is troaght up so that same c&bra may bate act cfportalty to Ul the pttbtle. itpttcsa Lea4er Mass desosne- ed It as sa effort to etsvcaa the pontic." This is Jrst what tee UU is: aa effort to detetve the psbilc. There Is not any penalty attained to the breakinc of this tiv; that alone shows U to be a farre, We seM out U& copies of the Ness rontsini&c oar e4itortal osi the "Webb-Kenyan bill telling lbs trstb about It and Its effect. Thef wsrw sent to Senators, Congressman, tem perance, editors, all over the torn a try. but not one criticism, not awe re ply, has been received. We wer told the other dey that not another papers ta North Caro tins would have dared print the ed itorial In question. We again State that the bUS is not hat the people hate been Ie4 to be lieve it to be; that It wilt not sfcaags in any way the present law sew on the North Carolina statute books. That it will not prevent any person desiring to purchase liquor for aom consumption and for friends, from receiving by parcel post or etpres all the liquor he may deslrs to order. If this be true, let somebodg deny this statement. Wmt Shut Off Their Nappty. Durham Herald Some of those who voted for pro hibition are strong with the personal liberty argument when there ts a real effort to shut off their supply. It Was to Hun. Anxious Traveler (addressing street urchin): "Can you tell me. my little man, the quickest way to reach the station?" Street Urchin: "Hun MUtor!" Makes the Nation Gasp. The awful list of injuries on a Fourth of July staggers humanity. Set over against it. however, is the wonderful healing, by Ducklen's Ar nica Salve, of thousands who suffer ed from burns, cuts, bruises, bullet wounds or explosions. It's the quick healer of bolls, ulcers, eczema, sore lips or piles. Twenty-five cents at all druggists. AGENTS WANTED. We want agents ts represent The Caucasian in every county where we are not already represented. Write us for sample copies asd terms ts agents. Our terms are very liberal and you can make good money by de voting your spare time to the work. Address. THE CAUCASIAN. Raleigh. N. C NOTICK OP SALE OP LAJTD. By virtue of the power and autbok' lty given in a mortgage deed exe cuted on the 12th day of July, It If, by L. F. Stewart and wife to J. J. Reynolds, recorded in the Register of Deeds office. Wake County, la Book 258, at page 24, X will offer for sale at the court-house deer In Raleigh. N. C, on Monday, 4, 1012, the following piece er eel of land situate In Bodkaera Township, Wake County, bo ended as follows: On the east by Heniersoa Barker and the south by J. J. Hack ney and the west by Sarah Clark aad the north by Deb Evans, contain sag thirty acres more or less. Terms cash. J. J. REYNOLDS, C. M. BERNARD, Attorney. THE IstenuticuJ Ccrretpndts Sdclx OP SCKAICTON. PA- New I. C S. Course to Qualify U. B. Civil Service Post-Oflce Isueotors. Because of the Importance and re sponsibility of the position of Post Office Inspector the Department is constantly on the lookout for persons qualified to take the examination. The examination is non-competitive, so that to seen re appointment It Is only necessary to pass with a credit able rating. An allowance of $4.00 a day is made for expenses while traveling. Enroll in the Civil Service. Special Course to prepare for the position of Post-Offlce Inspector. For full information, fill out the coupon below and mail it to our Ral eigh Office. James B. Canaidy, Slaaager, L C. 01, Hotel Bland, lUsetgh, N. C Dear Sir: Please send me Infor mation as to how I can become a (mention posi tion) by spare time study without leaving my present work until I aa qualified. My name is Street and No Town and State