Newspapers / The Caucasian (Clinton, N.C.) / Feb. 27, 1913, edition 1 / Page 3
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Thursday, February 27, 1913. THJB CAUCASIA FARM OF FORTY ACRES Equipment, Management and In come of Small Place. Convenient 8cheme for Dividing Ltnd Into Five-Acre Tract One of These Utilized for Home stead and Garden. (By W. J. SrrLL.MAN. Chief of Uniteo Btates Bureau of Farm Managemnt.) Mr. 11. II. Mowry of the office of farm management, has been making a special study of the equipment, man agement and income of a large num ber of t$mall fruit and truck farms, many of them run by people who have recently come from the city. This study has given us somewhat a new point of view. In general these small farmers are not successful. This fact has led us to study the question more closely, and as a result a scheme for the management of a forty acre farm Is outlined below, which seema to be practicable. Figure 1 shows a convenient scheme for subdividing forty acres to fit It for the cropping system to be outlined below. It will be observed that the forty acres are divided into eight five acre tracts. One of these is set aside for what may be called the "home stead." These five acres are at the 16 16 O in. B D 26 26 Pasture i 2 A A trry Orchard O 0 Garden n. a Forty-acre farm subdivided Into eight five-acre tracts. This shows a convenient method of subdivision which gives access to all the fields without wasting much land In roads. Length of lines given In rods. center on one side, and it is supposed that a public road passes this side of the tract. Of these five acres half an acre is utilized for the house and yard and the barn and barn lot. This space is ample for what we have in view. One half acre Is devoted to garden, one and one-half acres to orchard and the remaining two acres for a paddock Into which to turn the stock for exer cise. By Judicious management these two acres can also be made to furnish some pasture and some soiling crops. The other seven fire-acre tracts are to be devoted to a seven-year rota tion. "When this rotation Is in full swing the crops on the farm for a given year will be as follows: Field A, potatoes; field B, three acres of cab bage and wo acres of onions; field C, corn; field D, cowpeas; field E, corn; field F, clover; field Q, clover. The next year each of these crops would move to another field as fol lows: The potatoes would go to field Q, which was in clover the year be fore. The cabbage and onions next year would go to field B. The corn on field C would go the next year to field B. Cowpeas in field D would go the next year to field C. The corn in field B would go to D, while B would be sown in clover and F remain in clover. The next year each crop would move to another field in the same manner, so that each year potatoes are sown after second year clover, cabbage and onions are planted after potatoes, etc. The potatoes, cabbage and onions on this farm would form the market crops. The two fields of corn, the field of cowpeas and the first year's seeding of clover would furnish twenty acres of forage for the live stock, while the second year clover would furnish pasture for the live stock dur ing the summer. In each of the two corn fields some winter grain, such as wheat or rye, could be sown early in August at the time when the corn is laid by, that is, when cultivation of the corn ceases. This wheat would furnish fall and winter pasture for the live stock. In the corn field which is to be fol lowed by clover the wheat would be turned under very early in the spring In preparation for sowing the clover. In the corn field which is to be fol lowed by cowpeas the wheat could re main until the second 'year clover field is ready to turn stock on, at which time it might be plowed up and sown to cowpeas. We thus have pasture during the whole year in sections where the seasons permit winter pas turing. In states that are too far north far the cowpeas, soy beans may.be sub stituted for them, and in regions too far north for soy beans, oats can be used on this field, the other crops in the rotation remaining the same. Com mercial fertilizers would be required for the potatoes, cabbage and onions. There is plenty of good literature published by the department of agri culture and by a good many of the state experiment stations relative to the cultivation and fertilization of po tatoes, cabbage and onions, and the reader is referred to this literature for further Information concerning the growing of these crops One fact to which I would call at tention is that in the marketing of po tatoes, cabbage and onions it is not necessary for the farmer to run to market every day for several weeks, as would be the case with most other kinds of truck crops, especially straw berries and tomatoes. keeping "brood sow healthy Preferable to Keep AnlmaJ at Near Grass or Vegetable Diet as Pos eiblHfioots Urged. CB jr R. O. WEATHERSTOKE.) Grass and vegetable matter are the most natural foods for pigs, although they will eat and can digest a great variety of things. The nearer a sow j can be kept to a grass or vegetable filet the healthier she will be, and this ystem is preferable to dry, rich foods consisting mainly of grain, barley or other meals. Bran Is most useful when grass is not available, but where It is not pos sible to giTe sows a grass run, lucerne, tares and other green forage crops can sometimes be substituted. Roots, except that mangels must not be given at all freely as farrowing ap proaches or the pigs are almost cer tain to be born dead, are useful and where there is a largo garden it will provide a great deal of vegetable stuff that can be advantageously employed for In-pig sows stuff, too, that would be otherwise wasted. Large quantities of dry grain, and especially corn and barley, must be avoided as too heat ing; and hotel waste, butcher's offal, slaughter-bouse refuse Indeed animal matter in any form are also bad, and may, it is said, be an exciting cause of cannibalism. When at grass or getting green forage or garden stuff, a few old beans or some dry corn may be given once or twice a week. The food for the In-pig sow for the last week or so of her time should be as nearly as possible that on which she will be fed for three or four weeks after she is farrowed. A well-known breeder says: "We have ceased to give barley or other meal to our sucking sows until the pigs are at least a month old. Our newly farrowed sows are fed sharps, or what is locally termed thirds, mid dlings, etc., and a varying amount of bran, determined by the richness of the sharps, the number of the litter and the age of the sow, also condi tion." His recommendation for feed ing the in-pig sow is: "Vegetable food, with a little dry grass, beans, peas or corn until within a week of farrow ing." PROTECTS BUDS FROM FROST Colorado Man Conceives Idea of Plac ing Electric Motor in Tree to Cause Vibration. A recent Invention relates to a new system of motor operated tree vibra tion for saving buds and blossoms from frost. The new system alms to create in fruit trees a movement of the sap to the buds and blossoms that tends to vitalize them enough to resist the at tacking blight of frost. This move ment of the sap might be called a capillary action, and can be likened to the gentle exercising action of an electric vibrator instrument on the Tree Vibratory in Place. human system, which stimulates the flowing action of the blood through ,the veins, especially at the pont where the vibrator is applied. The system of imparting this vibra tory action to buds and blossoms has been worked out and patented by Herman L. Darling of Delta, Colo. It comprises the installation in the tree of a small electric motor having a trembling rotary motion , and con nected by transmitting wires to an electric current. During the months of April and May when the orchard Is subjected to sud den freezes, by means of this system, a vibratory trembling motion Is im parted to all limbs of the tree, trans mitted to twigs and bulbs and this motion starts the sap to circulating, invigorates the buds and strengthens them, against the killing effects of the frost. j Unfavorable Soils. Clay soils ar unfavorable to vege tation because the soil is too close and adhesive to allow the free passage of air or water to the roots of the plants. It also obstructs the expansion of the fibers of the roots. Sandy soils are unfavoravle because they consist oi particles that have too little adhesion to each other. They do not retain sufficient moisture for the nourish ment of the plants. They allow too much solar heat to pass to the roots, j Chalk soils are unfavorable because J they do not absorb the solar heat, and , are, therefore, cold to the roots of the plants. Draft Horses Scarce. A. B. Alford, a transfer man of Philadelphia, states that while sta tistics show a larger number of horses in the United States than ever before, it is harder to get hold of a good draft animal at a fair price than it was fifteen years ago when he could buy all he wanted for from $100 to $125 and today he cannot get horses of the same kind for $20A or $250. i- 1 T V . 'a ) SELECTION OF ONIONS Jays Well to Be Careful in Send trig to Market hotifd Be Picked When Bulbs Begin to Show Slightly Rounded Bot tomsDemand Is for Fresh est and Neatest Appearing. By LA VILLA WRIGHT MACOMBQU Having discovered, after several sea ons of experience, that Urge sized eta yield better than the small ones tnd occupy no more space, we sort jut our small, even sized sets in early spring and sell to the stores, retain ing all the medium or large left over onions to set for marketing. Often grocers who have a large amount of grown onions left over in their cellars are glad to get rid of them for little or nothing and they make the best of sets even when the sprouts are spindled, for they soon straighten out of doors and have near ly a week the start of those not al ready sprouted. We set our onions just as soon as the ground can be plowed and roughly leveled, leaving enough space between the closely set rows to cultivate with a weed hoe. A cold snap or light ?r- These onions are not uniform In size but the quality is excellent. Some growers assort their bunches, put ting some small ones in with the big fellows for the convenience of the housewife. snap does not hurt them except to retard growth and we find that the sets must be placed in the ground and pushed along for the market at the earliest possible date to meet the first demands, which, before town gardens begin to bear, are brisk. Our onions are placed on the market as soon as the bulbs begin to show slightly rounded bottoms and our customers prefer them at that stage rather than when the bottoms are nicely rounded and the onion flavor more pronounced. The extreme tips of the bunch only are clipped to give a neater appearance and they are tied well down onto the tops that th' string may not cut into the tender vv j part, as our orders are usually sent In the day before, the onions are pulled in the evening and left standing bot toms down in tubs of water over night. The water loosens the rotten outside skins, which may be easily slipped down and the roots clipped (not too closely or the cut ends will curl back) with a stout sharp knife. The soaking over night is a valuable labor-saver especially when large or ders must be delivered for the early morning trade. Our onions are sent to market in lots of a dozen bunches each, wrap ped In plain wrapping paper and tied loosely with stout cord, to prevent dust from settling on them in tran sit. The yellow Danvers variety Is our favorite for green onions, be cause of their quick and uniform growth, fresh white color and mild flavor. Unquestionably It pays to be parti cular when preparing vegetables for market, for those of the freshest and neatest appearance are always sought for while the careless peddler, who brings in half cleaned, uneven bunches sometimes none to fresh and covered with dust, has some to take back. Destruction of Rats. There are three methods which may be employed in the destruction ol rats: (1) Hunting, (2) trapping, (3) the use of poison or rat virus. There Is not much to be said about the first of these methods. Most residents in the country are acquainted with the ratting instinct of terriers, and with the employment of ferrets and a knowledge of the practice can better be obtained by experience than by description. As regard "traps, the spring trap which kills the rat at once when the spring is released is the best. Another good kind is the wire trap, on the eel basket principle, which the rat can enter easily when attracted by the bait, but cannot leave. Harvesting Alfalfa Early. Some experienced alfalfa growers claim that harvesting before the new shoots for the following crop are sufi5 ciently strong to withstand the sun shine, which Is suddenly allowed to come upon them when the former crop is removed, will result In the fot lowing crop turning yellow. Chance for Better Farmers. There is a chance for us all to be better farmers than we are. The need is great, and the road is not blocked with traffic It does not as a nue go that way. 1 t'v 1ft A V 4 s s UFTS F0R E FARUROCKY ROAD FOR BOY Fire-Proof Cement for Rocf to Step Leaks Cannot Bt BeatCheap paint for Rough Work. For a fire proof cement for roefs mix fire clay two parts, plumbago one part, steel shavings one part, borax one part, and salt one-half part. Mix to a thick paste and us at once. For stopping leaks la any kind of a roof, except shingles, it cant be beat Many times the sirocg run sbialng on a window calls for a curtain or some other shade, and in most cases there are objections to a curtain. The glass may be easily frosted by dis solving Epsom salts in beer and paint, ing the glass with the mixture, using an ordinary paint brush. When dry, you will have the finest artificial frosting known. To make a cheap paint for rough woodwork, take six pounds of melted pitch, one pound of pure linseed oil and one pound of yellow ochre. Mix. and If too thick add more olL This Is a very durable paint for any purpose. To make paint for brick walls add a good lime whitewash, a small amount of sulphate of zinc and any coloring matter desired, such as red lead, yel low ocher. etc., far superior to oil paint tor brick walls. GROW VETCH IN WISCONSIN Farmer Gives Interesting Experiment Made With Crop Planted To gether With Clover. (By W. A. FARIUNQTON. "vVUeonsiaJ Having experienced a little difficulty In keeping a small tract of rather In accessible land in the required state of fertility, we tried vetch, both spring and winter varieties. The seedsman instructed us to grow it with a nurse crop of oats. We were told that vetch would not thrive in our 'Wisconsin latitudes, and for a time we were willing to believe It. The vetch we started with the oats did not get a start at all. although the season was comparatively moist. However, one despised acre, an ex- ! periment on our own part, which we had planted to a mixture of clover and winter vetch, finally rounded In shape. It had lingered long, when suddenly both clover and vetch took a notion to grow. In August there was a magnificent stand of forage, all of which was plowed under. Thus, although we lost a season's crop from that acre, the Im provement of tilth and fertility re sulting amply repaid the loss. Next spring we will put In more vetch and clover. TO RE-COVER SCREEN DOORS Carpenter Has Method That Is Not Only Easy, but Very Quick Stretches Wire Tight. The man in the country finds It is a rather difficult Job to repair screen doors and windows, as the wire is very hard to stretch tight. The car penter, however, has a method that is not only easy, but very quick as well, and it never fails to stretch the wire tight The Illustration shows two carpen ters' horses, which of course are not absolutely necessary, as the work may be done on a work bench, table, or even on the floor. Two 2-lnch or 3-inch pieces of board are set on edge as shown at BB. On Stretching the Wire, this the screen door is placed. It Is then sprung down in the center and held in place with a wooden clamp, slipped over the door, and the table top or board. The wire cloth Is tacked to one end of the door, and pulled as tight as possible with the hands, and tacked to the opposite end, the clamp A Is then removed, and the door allowed to spring back to its normal shape, which will stretch the wire cloth tight. A little experimenting will soon tell how wide the pieces BB should be to properly stretch the wire. For the screens over the windows they will of course not be so wide. This method f is easy. Planting for Future Seed. Few farmers feel that they have time to give to an elaborate corn breeding plot, but none of them is so busy that he can't take time to select i the best hundred ears in his supply of j seed, and, after testing to be sure of ; its vitality, plant in a plot on the south or west sides of his main field. Doing this will not only simplify the matter of selecting the seed ears next fall, but the location of the best and most thrifty type of corn In the posi tion mentioned will mean that much of the remainder of the field will he fertilized by the tassels on these bet ter stalks. ' Poor Seed Unprofitable. The loss from planting neglected seed corn reduces or destroys the profit on the corn crop of each indi vidual farmer, and in the aggregate Is an annual loss to the country of many millions of dollars. Beet Crop Shortage. A shortage of 27 per cent. Is reports ed in the European beet sugar crock German authority says the yield wlU ( ftr9r t taillloa tons, I Country Lad Has Easier Time Than City Youth. Where There is Chance for Edvtatfc and Good Mom U Previ44. Youngster From Rural Dis tricts Has Big Advantage. Do not ever b2ev. yon boy of the eomsiry, that the city bey has all of the good times gotr.. la tsaay ways he has a rocky road to travel. One of the big men f the Chicago university, who makes a stsdy of th condition of boys la th cMet. the country boy, if he has th chanc of an educaticn and lives in a good home, has a deal better time than the Cat-bred, steam heated city boy. The city bey has no opportunity to bring In the wood, milk the cows, gath er nuts or go out into the woods, and so has no part in the home work. The city ts mean to Lira. He -dom puts his foot on the grousd bo cause it is all covered up with iteae and cement. He has no neighbors, for people move every year, and sometime of ten er, so what's the use of getting ac quainted. There are no rl home in fiats not like the homes of the Pals at Feeding Time. "or.r.try, where people live In one iaco fcr yparh and grow up with their . latives and neighbors around them ?id where the ties of friendship are ' trens and satisfying. If the city boy lets out a yell or lays ball in the streets or swipes an r.ple, the police are down on him in a uicment. The country boy can whoop, whis tle and sing as much as he pleases and if occasionally he strays into a neighbor's orchard and comes out in a fit of absentmindedness with a melon under his arm, or a dozen apples in side his shirt, he Is not arrested! Gen erally he is invited to help himself and come again if the neighbor sees him. In the city everybody Is against the boy. The people upstairs complain to the janitor that he makes too much noise; he is not allowed to sit on the doorstep, and so he drifts Into the crowds of bad boys around the cor ner, who are bad because they are not allowed to do things that every healthy, well-ordered boy wants to da Quack Grass. As a usual thing, quack grass does not mature its seed In hay or in win ter grain crops, since they are cut too early, but in hay that is left standing for seed and In spring grains it does become mature and is carried from field to field or from farm to farm by the threshing rnarhrna, in manure, ta hay and straw or in seed grain or grass seed. The first thing to do is to learn to tnow quack grass seed and then re fuse absolutely to use any grain for seed that contains it As soon as the fall work is well out of the way get the fanning mill In working order and clean the reed grain so well that there is no weed seed of any kind in it. With oats and barley the work must be done particularly well, since quack seed resembles these to a certain ex tent, although It is much smaller. Bay your seed, grain and grass seed early and be absolutely sure that you get no quack eed in either. Necessity for Testing Seed, Good seed corn is the key to getting good stands of corn. A good stand of corn is necessary to secure good yields. Owing to the wet fall of 1911 there Is now much doubtful seed corn In the country. One casnet afford to plant corn any year, much lass this year, without testing. The single-ear method of testing seed corn is the only practical method. How ts KIM Grasshoppers. Since a live grasshopper will eat a dead grasshopper a Missouri farmer mixed Paris, green and bran together and let a grasshopper eat it It died, and 20 ate it up and they died; 400 ate these 20 and they died; 8,000 ate those 4 CO and they died; 160.000 ate those 8,900 and they died and farmer was troubled bo morel vM 4 ml FrwUeV Oeaisg to tfm Atw&mj iv uie- d m&u MMtxh tx A resartroa of tali c8t??st fcalsrw !ry it tsa$?ii4, for tr has r so-tMtc f-r4rS la all the hutory ct th Aofcrwa st Ilk ' VTftkU " It i dU?tatit. oHxfsal, but of st& ftifroftlsc la tr?rt that t: i fcef dllt fa kaw 0 lighted In the story, nor why It has touched the palate of modern fiction readers. Neil Twoney has stuck faithfully to the text of Mrs. Por ter's story; every character has txti brought out iu bold rlif In the play, and where th picture was In the mlnd'u ye of th reader. It will now be in the actual line of vision. The great "Llmborloft Swamp,' In which "Freckles" takes hold of life, and forms his nature friendships, is realistically shown. It Is a beautiful stage picture with the thickness of the swamp forming a dark massive background below, while above tow er gigantic trees. A knowledge of perfect stage lighting makes this ef fect possible. Wilson Will Kolgn .March J. Trenton, N. J., Feb. 25. Wood row Wilson resigned the Governor ship of New Jersey at 1 o'clock to day, to take effect at toon on Satur day, March 1. The Governor wrote his resignation In his own hand and sent it by Secretary Tumulty to Da vid S. Crater, Secretary of State. At the same time he sent a message to both Houses of the Legislature notifying them of his act. Makes the Nation Gasp. The awful list of Injuries on a Fourth of July staggers humanity. Set over against it, however. Is the wonderful healing, by Bueklen's Ar nica Salve, of thousands who suffer ed from burns, cuts, bruises, bulhst wounds or explosions. It's the quick healer of boils, ulcers, eczema, sore lips or piles. Twenty-five cents at all druggists. AGENTi WAXTED. We waat agents te repreeeat The Caucasian In every county where we are not already represented. Write us for sample copies and terms is ageats. Our terms are vary liberal and you can make good money by de voting your spare time to the work. Address. THB CAUCASIAN. Raleigh, N. TIIK International CeirespsHdssce Schools OF SCItANTO.V, PA. New I. C. 8. Course to Qualify U. 8. Clril Service I ot -Office Inspectors. Because of the importance and re sponsibility of the position of Post Office Inspector the Department Is constantly on the lookout for persons qualified to take the examination. The examination is non-competitive, so that to secure appointment It is only necessary to pass with a credit able rating. An allowance of $4.00 a day Is made for expenses while traveling. Enroll in the Civil Service, Special Coursj to prepare for the position of Post-Office Inspector. For full Information, fill out the coupon below and mail it to our Ral eigh Office. James H. Casldy, Manager, I. C CI. Hotel UUnd. Ilaleigh. X. a Dear Sir: Please send me Infor mation as to how I can become a (mention posi tion) by spare time study without leaving my present work until I am qualified. My name is. . . . Street and No. . Towi and State. ( ' ' - - A I : V f : w iV. A HY IS? 4 t. is- yjr'' IT N m I i
The Caucasian (Clinton, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 27, 1913, edition 1
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