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TIE CHARLOTTE NEWS, MAY 12, 1914. 12 WEW EDITION OF M TIER OF BS ; BEL 1 Hi dizing The in his own tongue, x0ry ill the speakers. The J Iaborao By ED L. KEEN. (London Correspondent of the United Press. London. May 12 A revised, up-to-late edition of the Tower of Babel is aearing completion in London. But the confusion of tongues ich wrought havoc to the acient edifice and its builders will this time be pre vented by modern ingenuity. Although 84 languages will be spoken in the huge steel and corrugated iron audito rium now being erected on "Aldwsch Island" in the Strand, polyglot inter preters and telephone will enable all to understand hat is going on. For two weeks beginning June 11. this building will be the meeting place of 5.000 delegates assembled from all the civilized and a number of the un civilizedcountries of the globe for the decennial International Congress of the Salvation Army, and then will fce torn down. Unable to procure a satisfactory hall elsewhere, Gen Brain well Booth leaserd the Aldwych site from the London County Council for a temporary structure. The proceedings will be in English, but there will be on the platform interpreters who will transmit simultaneously to the foreign delegates, each the remarks of a nnn-Flr.elish sneaking delegates erouped in various part of the hall, will each be provided with an ear riece connected with a miniatture tele phone transmitter in the hands of his pa:ticular interpreter. Gen. Booth predicts that this con gress will be the greatest as well as the most picturesque religious gather ing in the world's history. The enor mous spread of the Salvation Army in the past ten years will be illustrated by various character of the delegates. All the representatives from the out-of-the-way corners of the earth will appear in their native costumes, un jier their own flags and banners. Among them will be converted Cin galese "devil-dancers" had a dozen Pom giils. a band of boys saved by the Army from starvation in the fam ine stricken districts of India: and a number of professional ex-criminals whose reclamation was officially en trusted to Commissioner Booth-Tucker by the Indian government. Korea, which is among the countries untouch ed by the Salvation Army a decade ago. will be represented by three high ly educated native officers. Commis sioner Hoddar. formerly a barkeep in a London dive, now head of the Army in Japan, is bringing a notable delega tion from the country. Zulus and mem bers of other dark-skinnsd tribes of South Africa will fraternize with Ma oris from Xew Zealand and Red Skins Trom British Columbia. Three thous and delegates will represent the Brit ish Isles, while cf the 2,000 foreigners 500 are coming from the United States, personally conducted by Com mander Eva Bootn, and 4U0 hunared from Canada, under command of Com missioner Rees. . The congress will be formally open ed by Gen. Booth at a monster mass Standai Child--Woik Of Dr. Stiles at Wilmington Technical (By T. P. XASH, JR.," iu World Magazine. "I wanted five thousand human guinea pigs, and I got them!" This. I admit, is an astonishing in troduction to the unique experiment which the Federal government has un dertaken, to determine the average nhvsiral and mental endowment of Southern children. What have guinea pigs to do with an endeavor to measure, for the first time, the Deculiar influences which shape the life and growth of the boys and airls of the Southland; to find a ooper standard for intelligent meth ods uf correction and cultivation anu advancement among them? "Human guinea pigs?", you exclaim with horror. Guinea pigs -involuntarily 'suggest vivisection. And human vivisection really, that is a barbarous project. But the Government is back of the "barbarous project," and Doctor C. . Stiles. Professor of Zoology of the United States Public I health Service, is its instigator. While the government's representa tive is smiling at your horror, and fill ing his pipe, let us take a quick in- A glance at the small ofhce- torv and the several assistants busy over their miscroscopes is reas suring. Nor can we associate motives of human vivisection with the man on ihe other side of the desk, whom the world knows as the man who was most closely connected with the dis covery of the American hookworm and the directing genuis in the campaign for its era-lication in the south. A figure in olive-drab uniform, slight ly above medium height, and inclining to overweight: hair just turning gray; short, crisp moustache these are de fails we note only after we have gazed into a pair of level, gray eyes which carry a conviction of conscious pur pose and resource. The most likely ieason that Doctor Stiles got five thou sand human guinea pigs, we surmise, is because he wanted them. Nor is it a matter for large wonder, we agree, that the United States Public Health Service should permit him to try out under its patronage an educational ex periment of his own invention. But the pipe is going well, and the Doctor is tilted back comfortably in his chair. Five thousand human guinea pigs that's how the thing began. In a measure, of course, the hookworm crusade is related to even responsi ble for the present investigation. Al though experiences in different south ern slates clearly show the enormous improvement that can easily be brought about in backward children, no one can yet measure that improve ment in terms of the average southern child. " No standard of comparison ex ists by which results found may be checked. Medical examination in the schools of the South is not far advanc ed. Even where it has been provided, the tests and standards and methods have been those developed in a diffr cnt Tz-ir-Q 1 i t v- -inH l' n rl or A ff opan f r- ti i meeting on June 11 in the Royal A1-' t- I . TI.11 A.i -I rt A.A.I -II t Hvilt Obviously, there had to be a home- cert Hall, seating 10.000 persons all subsequent business meetings to be held in the Aldwych "Tower of Bab el"' and will be closed with a farewell Jemonstration in the Albert Hall on me zbtn. interspersed win be nu merous processions and district meet ings in various parts cf London. To the music of 150 brass bands compris ing 3.000 members, the Salvationists will march on the 13th from the Em bankment to Hyde Park, where speak ers will address the throng from 12 platforms. Sunday the 21st will be "American Day." It is expected that .15,000 soldiers of the Array, from all over the United Kingdom, in addi tion, to the regular delegates, will participate in the big review to be conducted at Crystal Palace by Gen. and Mrs. Booth on the 23rd. The suffragettes have still another grievance against the British govern ment. They have just discovered that there are three persons who may go round smashing plate-glass windows in the city of London with impunity, and without fears of Holloway or for cible feeding so long as they confine their attentions to the foreign made product and that these three are men! The charter of one of the an cient city guilds known as the Glass Sellers Company, only few of whose members are now actually engaged in the glass businees, contains a provis ion authorizing the master of the com pany and his two wardens to destroy foreign glass wherever they may find It, and the charter has never been re yoked or amended. Charles II chartered the company In 1664. History doesn't record whether the original officers of the company ever took advantage of this seven teenth century idea of protection, but William Dallas Ross, the present mas ter, holds that he would be legally im mune from arrest should he take a no tion to put it into effect today: . . The Ulster Volunteer Armv is suf- f ering from a plague of pajamas." When Sir Edward Carson began organizing his anti-Home " Rule -forces h was besieged by Ulster, women with offers of assistance. "What can we do? What do you need most?" they asked. "Pa jamas," replied Carson. They got bu sy at once and soon pajamas began pouring into Belfast headquarters by the dozens, next by the hundred, and then by the thousand. Sewing circles were organized all over the province. Before' long the storerooms at head quarters were packed to overflowing and additional rooms had to be secur ed. In vain Carson tried to stem the pajama flood. . Still they came. The latest census shows that two pairs have been provided for every one of the 100,000 volunteers.' DEATH OF REV. W. A. HARRIS. Manchester, Ga., May 12. The Rev. W. A. Harris, pastor of the Metho dist Episcopal church, South, of this place, and a brother-in-law of Mrs. Corra Harris, author of "The Circuit Rider's Wife," and other well known books, died at College Park ' Satur day His sister-in-law and ; other members of his family were at the bedside. He was burial at Rockmort, CLa yestsrdar. bred standard. So Doctor Stiles re solved to set about finding one. He wanted, for his purpose, one entire county with five thousand school chil dren. And he wanted no restraint in his research. The Public Health Bureau gave him permission to undertake the work. Sev eral reasons led to the selection of Wilmington, North Carolina, for the testing ground, the most important be ing th fact that the location and the influences arising from the "location are fairly typical of the entire south. Another important consideration, also, was the location in Wilmington of a United States Marine Hospital, which offered facilities and organization for beginning the work immediately. New Hanover county, with approximately fixe thousand children in its schools, wanted medical inspection and as the money was not immediately available for it, the authorities were glad to meet the investigators more than half way in a spirit of cooperation. Theoretically, normal physical qual ity is necessary to average mentality. If the average school child in certain southern districts is below the physi cal standard of the children in other sections, how does he correspond men tally? And if he does not measure up mentally, what are the causes of the backward physical condition, and how may the causes be remedied? These are the questions which Doctor Stiles and his experts hope to answer. ' Naturally, therefore, the work falls into' two classes: the physical, or strictly medical part; - and the mental part. A mental test has had in the past no part in; the average medical inspec tion of schools and this is the unique feature which . distinguishes the in vestigation' of five thousand children from the average medical examination, and raises it to the dignity and inter est of a great scientific experiment, The physical examinations are made during the summer vacation and last summer it was necessary to employ five assistants. Laboratory facilities .were gfeatly increased by the use of tents, but after the first few days it was'found'that more room was needed than was available, nd throughout appointments for examination a month ahead. , ! In all cases the usual physical tests are applied to the respiratory, circu latory,' and digestive organs, and to the nervous system. As a complement to this actual physical examination by professional assistants, each pupil In the city schools at the beginning of the year was given a listv of fifty seven questions. : . Answers to these questions consti tute a bill of family, statistics of indi vidual health and habits. Take as ah illustration of the general character and purpose of these questions, the following: '.'Hove you ever had ground itch?" "Have you ever had the hook worm treatment?" "Have you plumb ing in your home?" Now, I dare say, not one parent In ten sees any relation between these questions. But ground itch is the first stage of the hookworm disease, and, unless the person subsequently re ceives treatment, the chances are that the disease will progress to a flourish ing state in his system. It is known that the surface outhouse is the main source of hookworm infection: and the investigators expect to find that the majority of children who have had ground itch are from homes without plumbing. Hookworm is a cause of the south's backwardness. No one so afflicted can have energy and ambition. The south's educational problem is. therefore, to a considerable degree, a problem of sanitation. "Swat the fly" has become, as elsewhere, a familiar slogan so familiar, in truth, that its importance is neglected in the south, it has been, almost impossible here tofore to arouse lasting interest in the subject. Southern people have been accustomed to the fly anu its breeding place the outhouse -for generations. One of the fortunate developments of recent sanitary work is the dis covery of just such a startling means of appeal to public sentiment. One discovery in connection with the san itary work has furnished evidence for a fresh indictment of. the fly, and marks a starting point for the investi gators. A test showing conclusively whether a person has eaten food con taminated by human excreta has now been made in various parts of the country, and Doctor Stiles has at his disposal data from as far north as northern New York, as far south as southern Alabama, as far east as Bal timore, and as far west as San Fran cisco. The method of demonstrating is both easy and practicable, and depends on the presence of certain protozoa in the human intestine. The Effort ij Before the time bf Western . ' Uiiion Day and Night Letters . business men used the tele graph in emergency as a final effort. Today, many of these ! same business men ta&e 'advantage of letter : length at telegraphic speed andminimum cost, and make that' final effort first with astonishing results. THE WKTERfi UNION TELEGRAPH CO. Full informu:: glad';- V-.-s at any office ference of three. months in age being sufficient to reveal' different reactions. Each child is handled by thirteen as sistants, and is subjected to thirty-two tests. Similar tests are so distribut ed that there is a successive variety. Wherever the time elements enters, as when the child is required to sub tract niue from one hundred until one is reached: or to name opposites to a list of familiar words; or to fit va riously- shaped blocks into their prop er holes in a board, the time is noted by stop watch to the fractional part of a second. Where child's attentive ness, or retentiveness, or accuracy of observation, an account is made of the number of trials and mistakes. Many of the older children regard an invitation to "play blocks" are a joke, but some of the seniors are later cha grined to find that they have not been able to perform as creditably as some of the freshmen have with the little games which form the tests. ; The broad basis of classification in the examinations, as I have indicated, is the age of the children. Each day this winter they, have been testing mentally four - groups: those whose birthday it is; and those whose birth day is three months, six months of nine months ahead.- Thus they will have examined in three months' time all the children in the schools. Every one of the five thousand "hu man guinea pigs" will eventually re ceive an average of five hours' atten tion. It will take two years to make all the tests planned. This year they are working in the city and country stne-tt of pach form nf IIipcp nrntnrna schools for wThites. Next year the outside the body is a spore. The schools for negroes -will have their spores enter the body only through turn. the mouth: and. " although there -are ! Finally,, all these statistics,-mental several ways in which the infection and physical, will be worked togeth-l may come about, it seems quite clear, er into, tables, which will show- an both from experiment and circumstan- average, abstract figure. for a large tial evidence, that the most prolific number ot . children grouped by age. there will De a group ngure tor tne danger is in transmission- by the fly In the examination of one hundred and eighty-seven unselected. persons, chiefly city children in a certain south ern county,, twenty-three per. cent were found to have eaten food contami nated in the manner already stated. The percentage of infection, was ten higher for those living in houses .with out any plumbing than for those liv ing in houses connected with a sewer. When the fact is known that those with sewerage were still not entirely immune, on account of the proximity of surface outhouses, the. difference is even more startling. Two : hundred and ninety-three flies were caught in a Hodge fly trap placed in one of these outhouses for twenty-four hours, and during the same twenty-four hours '?nteen hundred and forty-two flies wtre caught in another fly trap placed in a kitchen forty feet away. Many a southern farmer is perfectly willing to ignore the common pleas for better sanitation, but a personal letter to him saying that John or Sally has eaten something worse than pois on has been found a means to startle the most indifferent father into ac tion. "The second portion of the work, that is, the mental tests, is taken up large ly during the winter months when, the experts can take advantage of the school organization. Although only tests which are standard and authori tative have been selected, many of them have never before been usd in public schools. They have . een de vised especially for the study of back ward children.' In no sense can the test's be called difficult. They are, in fact, the same for children of all ages. Their pur pose is to sbow the quality of the mind as it now is, and . what it may ul timately' be capable of. To illustrate, a child of ten may : show greater men tal possibilities than a child of fif teen. The series- of tests for the two children is the -same;. "the differ ence in the quality, of their minds, that is their quickness in mental reaction, is measuded by the stop watch. Chil dren are expected to vary in their re sponsiveness to the reactions, in these tests, according to' their ages; a dif- children ten years old, another for children of ten - and one-half, and a fourth for children ten years and nine months old. All the children from six to' eighteen years old will be thus standardized. Aside from the bearing the statis tics may have on the main inquiry, the possibilities for combinations among them and for more or less in cidental comparison will be almost in finite. ' , By the simple device of list ing children, with a proper plumbing system in their homes in inks of dif ferent color, - we shall have a direct comparison of the health and mental condition of the two classes; city and country children may be balanced against each other, in the same way; and whites and negroes may be con trasted. One-of the by-products of the inves tigation will be the standardization of the tests used for immigrants. If an average school child of ten can per form an experiment in the same time that it takes an illiterate immigrant child of twelve years, it will be showrn that .the school child of twelve years is mentally two years ahead of the immigrant child of the same age. And these are but a few of the interesting deductions we may anticipate. From these experiments all present indications are that the conclusions children will be shown to equal any northern children found; second, backwardness in many cases will be shown to be from the same causes that retard .-the physical and the mental development of northern children; third, the backwardness of some of the .' south's other children will be definitely . proved as - due to causes quite distinct from those operating in the north, but to causes that, it is hoped, are easily remediable, in par ticular, the hookworm. Five years after the present inves tigation is finished, the work will be exactly repeated in Wilmington. The investigators will compare the average child of that period with the average child of the present. It then will be seen what has been accomplished for those children whose parents have ta ken an interest. in the prevention and cure of ground itch and hookworm. And we shall look .with genuine. inter est to see what effect improved sani tation has had upon the general, aver age of health and mentality. ,. "... , The results obtained here will doubt less have a bearing, on future educa tional processes in. the; south. In any event, Doctor Stiles and his staff will endeavor to give to the south a stan dardization of its children, from the physical and mental points of view, and a basis - for comparison in future educational work. .. F a,re Charlotte We .Will Pay Railroad Fare as Follows : ONE WAY Within 12 1-2 Miles On Purchase of $5.00. Within 25. Miles On Purchase of $10.00 Within 50 Miles On Purchase of $20.00. - : BOTH WAYS Within 121-2 Miles On Purchase of $10.00. Within 2o Miles On Purchase of $20.00. Within 50 Mlies On Purchase of $40.00. Men's and Boys' Clothing and Furnishings, and Men's, Women's and Children's Footwear. 33 on EAST TRADE STREET. Co6 SUPPRESSING THE DRUG HABIT. (Memphis Commercial-Appeal.) A vigorous crusade against the il legal traffic in habit-creating ' drugs is being steadily waged. The entire country seems at last to realize the great danger to future generations. Alarming disclosures have been made, some -so revolting in detail that they can scarcely be discussed in print. Philadelphia and Brooklyn have been the most afflicted cities so far discovered. In Philadelphia it became necessary to clave a school on ac count of the extensive use of drugs among the children. , The man or woman who will, delib erately sell cocaine or morphine to a child is entitled to the extreme pen alty of the law. They are guilty of a crime wrose than murderl The child does not appreciate the danger ot the drug, and even after the habit is formed and the nervous system un dermined, few can explain the cause. The mere fact of a boy of , seven years of age being held in a strait jacket while - his nerves- were : being brought to a normal condition is but one pitiful . illustration of how the curse is showing itself in the larger cities. There is no more contemptible .vio lation of the law than this illegal traf fic in drugs. It caters to the lowest human instincts and wrecks the "lives of those who come within its influ ence. In Tennessee it is pleasing to note that a determined warfare is being conducted by the state, county and city boards of health. The sale cannot be entirely destroyed. The se verest legislation cannot accomplish this, but it can and will be restricted. The use and sale of "dope" must be discontinued if the future of the race is to prosper. The country is filled with helpless and hopeless drug-rid den victims. They seem doomed. SUBURBAN BABIES GOD BLESS 'EM They are all -'Prize Winners" according to th! DADDIES if it was my "BABY SHOW" I'd dive each little Kiddie a first prize But you good, parents who live shut up in the city with a beautiful little Kiddie--the "apple of your eye thin, pale and sickly: Come out to the suburbs; I have a . bungalow in Elizabeth modern in every wray and the "country." surroundings are such that your little Kiddie can't help but "grow" roses" in its cheeks My Kiddie plays in a sand pile all day long out in God's best medicine afresh air even sleeps on a "sleeping porch" the year round result she is a "brown eyed Susan" with golden hair showing roses' in her cheeks no artist can reproduce she is nature's rose but when it comes to health as tough as a little "pine knot" all on ac count of the pure air she breaths in Elizabeth. Man you'd give your life to get health : for your Kiddie then why not buy this bungalow nature'Il do the rest th'e roses coming to your Kiddie's cheeks will repay you the rest of your life as 'an investment Let me show you this home location, etc. Price is right. $2900 easy terms One little rose-bud in your Kiddie's cheek is worth this. JONES The Real Estate Man & Notary Public. Phone 162. ; Office ' Rooms 200 and 201 Realty Building ave You a Chest f Silver ? If not. let us show you the most popular pattern of Sterling Sil ver Flatware on the market "The Fairfax." If you do not want a ;ull chest start on one or a dozen pieces and gradually add to it. The prices are right. Quality the best. GARliALDI, BRUNS & DIXON SILVER, DIAMONDS AMD JEWELRY Refrigerators They are helpless to help themselves and there does not seem to be any j disposition to help them. i It is probably, useless to work with' the veteran victim, but those who ' have - but" recently acquired the drug i habit can and should be saved be- fore it is too late. , ' ' ; The men who traffic with youthful punishment and the man who sells to a child should be sent to the peni tentiary for life," or' to the gallowe, for hanging is . really too good . for a wretch so low and so vicious. Every civilized state . stringently prohibits the unregulated sale ot opium, morphine, cocaine and . other harmful drugs, but such laws will not execute themselves. Eternal vig ilance is required to check the activ ities of those who, for a paltry profiit,, are ready to prey upon the depraved appetite of helpless drug fiends. The "Good Old Summertime" is surely here and yon should be using an Empire or Puritan Refrigerator, removable parts, sanitary construction, unobstructed dry cold air circulation. Buy on the club plan and get the use of your Refrigerator , while you are paying tor it. CHILDREN TEETHING MRS- WINSLOW'S SOOTHING SYRUP USED BY MILLIONS OF MOTHERS FOR THREE GENERATIONS FOR RENT Two rooms for light housekeeping. Phone 2072-L. . . .. - 11-eod-tf T $9.00 . Empire Refrigerators, $1.00 cash, 50c per week. $12.50 Empire Refrigerators, $1.00 cash, 50c per week. t $17.50 Empire Refrigerators, $1.50 cash, 50c per week. $18.50 Puritan Refrigerators, $1.50 cash, 75c per wTeek. $25.00 Puritan Refrigerators, - $2.00 cash, 75c per week. $30.00 Puritan Refrigerator?, $3.00 cash, $1.00 per week, or $4.00 per month. These Refrigerator's are built right, 'prices guaranteed and your credit is good for any style you want. teM-w-immmkM''" m"i" ""P & Co EVtRYTHING IN SUMMER FURNITURE DOINGS OF THE VAN LOONS It was lucky for Father he wasn't playing Pinocle ISh7mVA H r& ;..- fame, t5T).- tt. w.h THii c;AMa , ho anoihis. ) ' AXD A 0X DEbAi- j.OKFV wEll- . cvESi '-'- HMfcEWWOWJ- 1. 'Tw,N JLl TflV " - ASy ; "-p f - . -xr UOK 1 f Fen cB I am cSciC 70 Pui tas tma-t 5nct i -oA tilt ' "niiMlOillMlDr ' 4 HB WALKSO ocd&V W vj.u. covnt TNfJ 7iic X Jen no.) . m?c ?rS- r step M takfj At rcu v. "rrv"W I V --OH ft ifi fLAfaj auu V"r ,s . '
The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, N.C.)
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May 12, 1914, edition 1
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