Newspapers / The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, … / Dec. 27, 1914, edition 1 / Page 10
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THE OTAKLOTTE NEWS, DECEMBER ZT, 1914. 10 CHESTERTON VOICES HIS PROTEST AGAINST GERMAN FUTURE FOR EUROPE Brilliant English Literary Man Expresses Reasons for His Belief in the Righteousness of English Attitude in Pres ent Struggle in Three Let ters to an Italian Artist. Regards Prussians as Devoid of Everything That Makes for Real Civilization Calls Their Culture Second Rate Failures in All Points But the Enforcing of Obedience. Of course when folks are engaged in war, their angry passions cannot be presented from rising. The three letters published below constitute an apt illustration. It is not probable that Gilbert K. Ches terton, their author, really thinks as poorly of the Prussians, ' English to the core though to be, as his slashing attack on their intelligence and modes of thought makes it appear. His animadversions, however, are interesting not only as showing the attitude of a certain type of cultivated Englishman toward their present foes, but also as illustrating the ratiocina tions of a very brilliant-intellect, heat ed white by anger. The letters are addressed to an anonymous Italian acquaintance, evi dently a painter and a veteran of the mid-century struggle for "United Italy." They were published in this coun try by The New York Times from which The News copies them. italv, twice hast thou spoken; 'and time is athirst for the third Swinburne. Mv Dear It is a long time o since we met: and I fear these letters i may never reach you. But in these violent times I .jreinember with a cu- T n Vrnxr onr Tnrvw it thrilled TT1& J- Uirtlr 1nrt tmil H Q H CH hi a T 1 1 h P 11 gjyj I Hill I lilHb J UU v - - : a bayonet against the Teutons 1 hope with the same precision and hap-. r py results. Round about that period .. the verv pigments seemed to have snme pnrr nf nict.uresaue connection ii-i . -.'nnf natinnol otnrv ThPTP SPPT11- in hp snmpthinsr ernrffpous and ter- thing quite catastrophic about Burnt Sienna. But somehow or other, when - I saw in the street yesterday the nnlnrc vn wnil T- flap- . it romlnHpfl Tlie of the colors on your palette. You need not fear I shall try to their real social and moral complaints and demands? What is it that has united all of us against the Prussian as against a mad dog? It is the pres ence of a certain spirit, as unmistak able as a pungent smell, which we feel is capable of withering all the good things in this world. The bur glary of Belgium, the bribe to betray France, these are not excuses; they are facts, But they are only the facts by which we came to know of the presence of the spirit. They do not suffice to define the whole spirit it self. A good rough summary is to say that it is the spirit of b&ybarisss; but indeed it is something worse. It is the spirit of second-rate civilization and the distraction involves the , most important differ ence's. Granted that it could exist, pure barbarism could not last "long; as pure babyhood cannot last long. Of his own nature the baby is inter ested in the ticking of a watch; and the time will come when you will have to tell him, if you only tell him the wrong time. And that is exactly what the second-rate civilization does. But the vital point is here. The ab stract barbarism would copy. The cockney and incomplete civilization always sets itself up to be copied. And in the case here considered the German thinks that it not only his business to spread education, but to spread compulsory education. "Science combined with organization," says Prof. Oswald of Berlin University, "makes us terrible to our opponents and insures a German future for Eu rope." That is, as shortly as it can be put what we are fighting about. We are fighting to prevent a German future for Europe. We think it would be narrower, nastier, less sane, less capable, of liberty and of laughter than any of the worst parts of the European past. And when I cast about for a form in which to explain short ly why we think so, I thought of you. For this is a matter so large that I know not how to express it except in terms of artists like you, in the service of beauty and the faith in freedom. Prussia, at least cannot, help me; Lord Palmerston, I believe, called it a country of damned professors. Lord Palmerston, I fear used the word "damned"' more or less flippant ly. I use it reverently. Germany's "Diseased Egotism." Rome, at her very weakest, has al ways been a river that wanders and widens and that waters many fields. Berlin, at its strongest, will never be anything but a whirlpool, which seeks its own center, and is sucked down. It would only narrow all the rest ot Europe, as it has already narrowed all the rest of Germany. There is a spirit of diseased egotism which at last makes all things spin upon one pin point in the brain. It is a spirit entangle you or your countrymen in ( expressed more often in the slangs Vi n tvi ottoro tirlii fYi if 5 o fnT Tt o 1 1 Q TY3 CllO 111 CA L L V A O W llHall It .10 IV! HUliUUU ciithftY' innrpo -mnnH hott or than I do. Italy, most assuredly, has no need to prove her courgae. She has risked everything in standing out that she could risk by coming in. The procla mations and press of Germany make it plain that the Germans have risen tr n Hoicrht of- afvn cihilitv hnrHlv tn hfi rHstineniisliprt frrvm marlnpRs Simnos ing the nightmare of a Prussian vic- t tory, they will revenge themselves r on things more remote than the i of peace between them and Belgium; . there was tump hp.twppn thpm and T England. The promise to Belgium they invented. It is called the Treaty T of Teutonism. No one ever heard of it in this country, but it seems well -knnTvn in sraHomir fivrlAc in fi.&r- ma??. It seems to be something con ; nected with the color of one's hair. 1 But I repeat that I am not concern . ed to interfere with your decision, save in so far as I may provide some , materials for it by describing our-ity- Who but God could have graven e own- . Michael Angelo, who came so near Great Britain at Last United. (to graving the Mother of God? fTnr T thint ihc first norhane thn l . . - " i rruss ans ua m Mir.naii Ana a r oniy iruiuui worK an ii,ngiisnman can . German culture deals with the mat ao now ior me iormauon oi ioreign than in the tongues of men. The En glish call it a fad. I do not know what the Italians call it. The Prus sians call it philosophy. Here is the sort of instance that made me think of you. What would you feel first, let us say, if I men tioned Michael Angelo? For the first moment, perhaps, boredom, such as 1 feel when Americans ask me about Stratford-on-Avon. But, supposing that just fear quieted, you would feel what I and every one else can feel. It might be that huge heave of filank tic hands of Man upon the locks ot the doors of life; large and terrible hands, like those of that youth who poises the stone above Florence and looks out upon the circle of the hills. It might bet hat huge heave of flank and chest and throat in "The Slave," which is like an earthquake lifting a whole landscape. ' It might be that tremendous Madonna, whose charity is more strong than death. Anyhow your thoughts would be something worthy of the man's terrible Pagan ism and his more terrible Christian- opinions is ' to alk about what he r really understands, the condition of t iBritish opinion. It is as simple as it is solid. For the first time, perhaps, what we call United Kingdom entirely '. nothing like such unanimity within an Englishman's recollection. The ' Irish, and even the Welsh, were' large- , ly pro-Boers; so were some of the most- Fnslish nf the FItip-HcVi Nn r y' " 'ollfcJU' a ., one could have been more English than Fox, yet he denounced the war , . with Napoleon. No one could be more English than Cobden, but he de nounced the war in the Crimea. It is really extraordinary to find a . imitfirt Rne'lanrl TnriooH until iini.t was extraordinary to find a united , Englishman. Those of us who, like " the present writer, repudiated the South African war from its beginning i( naa yet a divided Heart in the mat t ter, and felt certain aspects, of it as : glorious as well as infamous. The first fact I can offer you is the unquestion ft. able fact that all these doubts and . divisions have ceased. Nor have they e: ?-eased by. any 'compromise, but by a universal flash of faith or,' if you will, of suspicion. Nor were our in ternal conflicts lightly abandoned, nor our reconciliations an easy matter. 1 '. am, as you are ,a democrat and" a ' citizen of Europe; r and my friends and I had grown to loathe the pluto ' cracy and privilege which sat in the '' high places of our country with a v loathing which we thought no love j. could cast out. Of these rich' men I will not speak rethink of them. War is a terrible busi (" ness in any case and, to some intel , lectual temperaments this is the most "r terrible part of it. That war takes the T young; that war suflders the. lovers; ""that all over Europe brides and bride '! grooms are parting at the church 3 door all that is only a commonplace ? to commonplace people. To give up one's love for one's' country is very 0 ereat. But to give up one's hate for one's country, this may also have in- it something of pndeana something Qt purification. . ', ' "" . Burying ' Ancient Grudges. What it is that has made the Brit ish peoples thus defer- not only, their ter as follows: "Michelangelo Buon arotti (1475-1564). (Bernhard) an cestor of the family, lived in Flor ence amout 1210. He had two sons. Berlinghieri and Buonarrota. By this name, recurring frequently in later generations, the family came to be called. It is a German name, com pounded of Bona (Bohn) and Hrodo, Roto (Rohde, Rothe) . Bona and Rotto are cited as Lombard names. Buonarotti is perhaps the old Lombard Beonrad, corresponding to the ; word Bonroth. Corresponding names are Mackrodt, Osterroth, Leon ard." And so on, and so on, and so on. "In his face he has always been well colored , the eyes might be call ed small rather than large, of the color of horn, but variable with flecks' of yellow and blue. Hair and beard are black. These particulars are confirmed by the portraits. First and foremost, take the portrait by Burglar dini, in the Museo Buonarotti. Here comes to view the 'flecked' appear ance of the irir, ecpecially in tbe right eye. The left may be discribed as almost wholly blue." And so on, and so on, and '.so on. "In the Museo Civico at .Pavia, ; is a. fresco likeness by an unknown hand, in which this fresh - red is distinctly recognizable onthe face. Taking all these bodily characteristics into consideration, it must be said from ah anthropological point of view that though originally of German family he was a hybrid between the North and West brunette race." Would you take that trouble to prove that Michael Angelo was an Italian that this man takes to prove that he was a German? Of course not. The only impression this man (who is a recognized Prussian' historian) produces on your minds or "mine is that he does . not care about Michael Angelo. For you being an Italian, are therefore something more than an Italian; and I, being an Englishman something more than an Englishman. But this poor fellow really cannot be anything more than a Prussian. Ho digs and digs to find dead Prussians in the "catacombs of Rome or under the ruins of Troy. If he can find one blue eye lying about somewhere ho mans. It would probably be vain for you and me to . point out that we could prove anything by the sort ot ingenuity which finds the German "rothe' in Buonarotti. Wo could have great fun depriving Germany of all her geniuses in that style. We could say that Moltke must have been an Italian, from the old Latin root mol indicating the sweetness of that General's disposition. We might say Bismarck was a Frenchman, since his name begins with the popular the atrical cry of "Bis!" We might 'say Goethe was an Englishman, because his name . begins with the popular sporting cry "Go!" But the ultimate difference between us and the Prus sian professor is simply that we are not mad. ; Typical of Prussian Egotism. The father of Frederick the Great, the founder of the more modern Ho henzollerns, was mad. His madness consisted of stealing giants, like an unscrupulous traveling showman. Any man much over six feet tall, whether he were called the Russian Giant or the Irish Giant of the Hottenton Giant, was in danger of being kidnap ped and imprisoned ia & Prussian uni form. It is the same mean sort ot madness that is working in Prussian professors such as the one I have quoted. They can get no further that the notion of stealing giants. I will not bore you now with all the other giants they have tried to steal; it is enough to say that St. Paul, Leon ardo da Vinci, and Shakespeare him self are among the monstrosities ex hibited at Frederick William fair on grounds as good as those quoted above. But I have put this particular case before you as an artist rather than an Italian to show what I mean when I object to a "German future for Europe." I object to something which be lieves very much in itself, and in which I do not in the least believe. 1 object - to something which is con ceited and smallminded, but which also has that kind of pertinacity which always belongs to lunatics, it wants to be able to congratulate it self on Michael Angelo; never to congratulate the world. It is the spirit that can be seen in those who go bald trying to trace a genealogy, or go bankrupt trying to make out a claim to some, remote estate. The Prussian has the inconsisten cy of the parvenu; he will labor to prove that he is related to some gen tleman of the Renaissance, even while heboasts of being able to "buy him up." If the Italians were really great, why they were really Germans, and if they weren't really Germans, well, tnen, they wernt really great. It is an accupation for an old maid. Three of four hundred years ago, in the sad silence that had followed the comparative failure of the whole effort of the Middle Ages, there came upon all Europe a storm out oi the south. Its' tumult is of many tongues; one can hear in it the laugh ter of Rabelais, or, for that matter, the lyric of Shakespeare, but the dark heart of the storm was indeed more austral and volcanic, a noise of thun derous wings and the name of Mich ael the Archangel. And when it had shocked and purified the world and pased, a Prussian professor found a feather fallen to earth, and proved (in several volumes) that it could only have come from a Prussian Eagle. He had seen one in a cage. Yours . G. K. CHESTERTON. SECOND My Dear LETTER ; The facts before all IS Satisfied Ha has. nn nhllncnnhv Ha artificial parade of - party politics, but has a, hobby, which is' collecting Ger- Europeans today are so fundamental that I still find it easier to talk about them to you as to an old friend, rather than put it in the shape of a pamph let. In" my last letter I pointed out two facts which are pivots. The first is that ,to any really cultured person, Prussia is second rate. The second is that to almost any Prussian Prussia is really first rate, and is prepared, quite literally, to police the rest of the world. For the first matter the compara tive inferiority of German culture can not be1 doubted by, people like 'you. One of the German papers patheti cally said that, though the mangling of Malines and Rheims was very sad, it was a comfort to. think that yet nobler works of art would spring up wherever the German culture had pass ed in triumph. From the point of view of humor, it is really rather sad that they never will. The Gernian emperor's idea of a Gothic cathedral is as provocative to the fancy as' Mrs Todger's idea of a wooden leg. But I think it perfectly probable that they really intended to set up such beau tiful buildings as they could. Ha ing been blasphemous enough to rum such things, they might well be bias phemous' enough to replace them. Even if the Prussian attempt - on Paris had not wholly collapsed as it has, . I doubt whether the Prussians would have destroyed everything. 1 doubt whether they would even, have destroyed the Venus de Milo. More probably they would have put a pair of arms on it, designed by some ris ing German artist the emperor or somebody. And the two anrs tnus added would look at once liK.e the arms of a woman at a washtub. The destroyers of the tower of F.aeirus are quite capable of destroying tlae Tower of Giotto. But they are equally capable of the greater crime of com pleting it. And if tccy put on a spire, what a spire it would re: What an extinguisher for that clear and almost transparent Christian candle! Have you read some of tne German explanations of Hamlet? Did I tell you that Leonardo's hair must have been . German hair, because so many of his contemporaries said It was beautiful? This is what I call be ing second rate. All th-i German ex citement about the colonies o? Eng land is only a half understanding of what was once heroic ?nd is now largely caddish. The German em peror's naval vision is a bad copy of Nelson, as certainly as Frederick the Great's verses were a Dad : copy of Voltaire. But the second point was even more important; that weak as the thing is mentally it Js strong ma terially 5 f we permit it. The Prus sians have failed in everything else, but they have not failed ' in. getting , their subject thousands to do as-they are told. They cannot pvt up ulack and , white towers in Florence, but they can really put up white and black posts in Alsace. They have failed in diplomacy. I supposes it might be call ed a failure in diplomacy to come into . the fight with. tv. o enemies ex-' tra and one ally the less If the Ger-j mans, instead or senamg , spies to study the Belgian soil, had sent spies to consider the Belgian soul, they would have been saved hard work for a week or two. They have failed in controversy. . I suppose it might be called a failure in controversy to say that England may be keeping her word for some wicked purpose, while Germany may be breaking her word for some noble purpose. And that is practically all that the Germans can manage to say. They say that we are an insatiable, unscrupulous, piratical power and this wild i spirit whirled us into the mad course of respecting a treaty we had signed. They can find in us no trea son except that we keep our treaties; failing to do this I call failing in con troversy. They have failed in popular persua sion. They have had a very , good opportunity. The British empire does contain many people who have been badly treated in various ways the Irish, the Boers, nay, the Americans themselves, whose national existence began with being badly treated. With these the Prussians have done com paratively little, and with Europeans of your sort nothing. They have never once really sympathized with the feel ing of a Switzer for Switzerland; ths feeling of a Norwegian for Norway, the feeling of a Tuscan for Tuscany. Even when nations are neutral, Prus sia can hardly bear them to be patri otic. Even- wnen they are courting ( every one else they can praise not one but themselves. They fail inj diplomacy, they fail in debate, they , fail even in demagogy. They have' stupid plots, stupid explanations, and even stupid apologies. But , there is one thing they really do not fail in. They do not fail in finding people stupid enough to carry them out. Now, it is this question I would ask vnn tn fnnsider: vmi. as a good middle type of the Latins, a liberal but a! Catholic, an artist but a soldier. The ; danger to the whole civilization ofj which Rome was the fountain lies in this. That the more this strange Pruss "people fail in all the other i things, the more they will fall back on this mere fact of a brutal obe dience. They will give orders; they I have nothing else to give. I say that this is the question for you; I do not: say, I do not aream oi saying, mat the answer is for me. It is for you to weigh the chance that their very fail ures in the arts of peace will drive them back upon the arts of war. They could not, and they did not, dupe your people in diplomacy. They did the most undiplomatic thing that can be done; they concealed a breach of partnership without even concealing the concealment. They instigated the intrigue in Austria in such a way that Italy could honestly claim all the freedom of past ignorance, combined with all the disillusionment of present knowledge. They so ran the triple alliance that they had to admit your grievance at the very moment when they claimed your aid. The English are stupider and less sensitive than you are; but even the English found the German chancel lor's diplomacy not insinuating, but simply insulting; I swear I would be a better diplomatist myself. In the same way, there is no danger of peo ple like you being corrupted in con troversv. There is no fear that the professors who pullulate all over the Baltic plain will overcome the Latins in logic. . .Some of them even claim to be superlogical and say they are too big for syllogisms, generally hav ing found, even one syllogism too big for them.. If they complain either of your abstention from their cause or your adhesion, to any other you have an unanswerable answer. You will say, as you did say, that you did not break the triple alliance, even for the sake of peace. It was they who broke it for the sake of war.. You, obvious ly, had as much right to be consulted about Servia as Austria had; and on the mere chessboard of argument it is mate in one move. Nor are they in the least fitted to make an appeal to the popular senti ment of your people. The English, I dare 'say, and the French have alkad an amazing amount of nonsense about you, but they understand a little bet ter. They do not write exactly liive this, which Is from the most public, and accepted Prussian political phil osopher, (Chamberlain): H,Who can live in Italy today and miv with its amiable and highly gift ed inhabitants wttriout feeUn with pain that here a great nation is lost, irredeemably lost, because it lacks the inner driving power," etc., whi:h has brought von Kluck so triumnhaatly through Paris. Even a half-educated Englishman, who has heard of no Italian poet except Dante, knows that he was something more than amiable. Even a positively illiterate French man, who has heard of no Italian warrior except Napoleon, knows that it was in "inner driving force" that the artilleryman in question was de ficient. "Who tan live in Italy today?" Evidently the Prussian philosopher can't. His impressions are taken from Italian operas, not from Italian streets, certainly not from Italian fields. As a matter of fact such images of Italy burn f.n the memories of most open-minded . northerners who have been there, sre of exactly the other kind. I for one should be inclined to say: "Who can live in Italy today without feeling. that a woman feeding rthiidren nr a man ohotiDms: wood, may almost touch him with fear with the fullness of their humanity; so that.he can almost smell blood, as one smells burning?" Italians often , look lazy; that is, they look as i if they would not move; but not as il they could not move, as many Ge.'raahs. do: aui even though this formula nttea tne Italians, it seems scarcely calculated to please them. . For the Prussians then, with the failure of their diplomacy, the failure of their philosophy, we may aiso place the failure of their appeals to a foreign neonle. The Prussian writer may continue his attempts to soothe ana ctarm you by telling you that you are irredeemably lost and that all great Italians must nave been some thing else. , But the method seems to me ill -adapted to popular, propaganda, ana i cannot out say that on mis third lioint of Dersuasion the German attempt is not striking. Now. all this is .Tirjnrtant frr this reaSOll. If von conplder it asrH.Uv you w jii see why ''Europe must, $.t wnatevr cost, breast Urrmany m bat tle, and put an end to her m litary and rrFter1fl.l nnwer n An ti ino-c Tf X" " ' ' V W U bUillC! we all have to fight for .ft, if we all - J! - . .... we find allies in the dwarfs of Green- land or the giants of Pategonia, it must be done. And the reason, :' is that unless it is literally and material ly done, other things will be literally and materially done; and horrify the heavens. They will be silly things; they will be benighted and limited and laughable things, but they will be accomplished things. Nothing could b more ridiculous, if that is all, than the moral position of the Prussians in Poland, where a magnificent officer, making a vast parade of "ruling" tries to cheat poor . peasants out of their fields (and gets cheated) and then takes refuge in beating little boys for saying their prayers in . their native tongue. All who remember anything of dignity, of irony, in short, of Rome and reason, can see why an officer need not, should not, had better not, and generally does not beat little boys. But an officer can beat little boys; and ,a Prussian officer will go on doing it until you take away the stick. Nothing could be more comic, if that is all than the position of Prussians in Alsace, which they declare to be purely German and admit to be fur iously French; so that they have to terrorize it by sabring anybody, in cluding cripples. Again, any of us can see why an officer need not, .should not, had better not, and gen?rally does not sabre a cripple. But an offi cer can sabre a cripple; and Prus sian officer will go on doing it until you take away the sabre. It is this insane and rigid realism that of a Chinaman copying something, or a half-witted servant taking a message. If they had the power to put black and white posts around the grave of Virgil, or dig up Dante- to see if he had yellow hair, the mere irking of it, which for some of us would be the most unlikely, would for thein the least unlikely thing. They do not hear the laughter of the ages. If they had the power to treat the English or Italian premier quite literally as a traitor, and shoot him against a wall, they are quite capable of turning such hysterical rhetoric into reality, and scattering his brains before they had collected their own. They do not feel at mospheres. They are all a little deal, as they are all a little short-sighted. They are annoyed when their enemies, after such experiences as those of Bel gium, accuse them of breaking their promises. And in one sense they are right, for there are some sorts of promises they would probably keep. If they sromise to respect a free country, (Continued on Page 16.) 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The Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, N.C.)
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Dec. 27, 1914, edition 1
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