North Carolina Newspapers

GROWING NORTH CAROLINA 'I nnnn E NEW NIGHT EDITION t : PAGES TODAY 6& Greater C lb a r 1 o 1 1 e 9 s Horn e Newspaper -t;,jiisicd: Daily, 1888 Sunday 1910.. cv. ;lotte, n. c, Saturday evening, February 7. 1914. Price: Daily 2c; Sunday 5c. THE FAST W T F 1L7 ii Cn level e Cold Wave ui rying Ihis is JEc VMM mm Way -Look OutTHI v.'. c Warnings Arc Dis rcl Today in The Caroli- , ,v-. Georgia. North Florida ,-i in Other Southern Points 1 -18 is Shivering. Vrn v r- U icr Prevails Through PROTEST MUST CREASED RATES IGHTI! GS ISSUE!) M. TODAY J j THt WEATHER, Forecast for North Carolina: Fair tonight and Sunday. Cold- O er tonight with a cold wave west and central portions. Much cold- .--.1- er Sunday. Brrsk northwest w inds, diminishing: :f ! r. e Plains States TWO B-v Associated Press Srpr lb. rate Areas of Depres Hurryinrj Eastward Win est in Storm's Grip. -a: f Press. .:...!-.. Fob. 7. With the rjsiward of two separate ; j jps-ioti, cold wave warn iayed today in the Car-.-i-ia. extreme north Flor- tnc interior of Virginia. : . il i lions in temperature .; i'lace in the east gulf i;rin:; conditions have --; Texas coast while zero ,: : ucticral throughout the -'SKc-. .!! MUuuio coast storm warn r displayed from Dela- ; -.. '.: v;iicr to Eastport. Me. ry cold in Texas. iv: . ... i Fel). 7. Ten degrees i,.w -.to as registered here to ; ! , ( old covered the entire ,. ;,-u:ci;!R from 4 degrees above o ,. ip.arillo to freezing temper !!,: i Galveston. The freeze in T'-:.i. was not believed to have suraeH seriously the strawberry . ' . r early spring garden crops. Very Cold at Memphis. ?t:: !.-. Tcnn., Feb. 7. Ther . - ai the loeal weather bureau m'.v ; --i.-iorrd 14 degrees above ! ' oldost of the winter. This is degrees since noon Washington. Feb. 7. .1. F. East, reu resenting the Farmers Manufacturing Company. Norfolk, and the Virginia Manufacturing Company of Suffolk, Va. was the only protestant agains't the proposed 5 per cent increase in east ern freight rates on wooden boxes, barrels, pails, tubs and like manufac tures at the interstate commerce com mission's hearing todav. AGRICULTURAL EX TENSION BILL IS UP ; -a ! At Nashville. Tmn., Feb. 7. Thermem ! a i Tt o'clock thin morning I t degrees above zero, a hu'M-six degrees trom yes hi chest, and it was growing 'older. A light snow was fall By Associated Press. Washington, Feb. 7. The agricul tural extension bill was before the senate today for a final vote. It al reaay nas passed tne nouse. ay a graduated scale of appropriations it proposes eventually to have the gov ernment aid agricultural colleges in all .states $3,000,000 a year. The local office of the weather bu reau, issued cold wave warnings for this vicinity, at 10 a. m. today, thei ofncial forecast reading thus: "Fair tonight and Sunday; colder tonight with a cold wave; much colder Sun day; the lowest temperature tonight. between 15 and 20 degrees." Since Friday morning the cold wave has advanced a few hundred miles to the eastward, having crossed the Mississippi and Tennessee. Rough wintry weather prevails to day in the Ohio Valley section, accord ing to the statement of the local fore-1 caster. It is snowing todav over much of that section, and the mercury is shrinking to a point near the zero mark. High winds were reported from about Lakes Erie and Ontaria. Toledo, Ohio, experienced during last night, a velocity of 6 miles per hour, with snow falling at 8 a. m. today, a ther mometer reading of IS above zero, and high winds continuing. Buffalo, New York, reported a velocity of 72 miles per hour at S a. m. today. While the cold wave is expected to be tempered somewhat before reach ing this section, yet the temperature is scheduled to do some rapid failing -tonight. Sunday morning it is expected to be below twenty degrees; the low est temperature Sunday is expected to reach a mark several degrees be low this, probably about 15 dcgTees. The local official advises the turning off of water, and the protection in every way against harm by such tern peratures. The indications are that the old will continue only a day or so. WAITRESSES THREATEN A HUNGER STRIKE UNG III trail AflURRE No Armed Uprising Occuned In Mexican Capital Last Night By Associated Press. Chicago. Feb. 7. Members of thei Waitresses' Union arrested yesterday while attempting to boycott downtown restaurants where strikes have been declared, announced today they would go on a hunger strike if they received jail sentences. When the police attempted to ar rest them several of the waitresses sat down in the snow and refused to walk to tire station. They were taken to headquarters in a patrol wagon. n, ii' j v. i'h; iiin'i: lie;: i Zero at St. Louis. Feb. 7. Zero temperature icoi'd in St. Louis this morn- Tii" - ; was clear and high - 'AliV. prevailed last night had ' ii''l 'lown. Ccidest Yet at Indianapolis. ..:kipo:K I nd.. Feb.- 7. Today i"'a ;re was tne coldest or the:' :i. X::i'' degrees above zero was uc:. '.a'Mifd this morning. It was By as no hope for warmer alter Sunday. The ther e tr a' 2 o'clock registered 40 To Settle Claims With Panama Land Owners By Associated Press. Washington. Feb. 7. Secretaries Bryan and Garrison were in confer ence today over the settlement of claims of private land owners in the Panama canal zone. A commission of two representatives of each country was named to settle the claims and while their decision is final, there has been complaint over the method of settlement. In many instances claims have eben adjudicated 'without giving the United . States a :h"nce to be heard. The heads of the two de partments think something like the procedure of a court should be fol lowed, giving both sides a chance to he heard. Up to this time the commis sioners have merely accepted the re port of inspectors without a hearing. PRESIDENT PENA WANTS LEAVE OF ABSENCE By Associated Press. Washington, Feb. 7. Word came to the state department today from Ar gentina that President Saenz Pena has asked for indefinite leave of absence because of illness. His office has for sometime been in charge of the vice president. Ml ':! ii Cold in Iowa, 'itv. Iowa, Feb. 7. Coldest Hie winter was experienced i Hon today. The thermom ;prH it; below zero here. At It., ir was 23 below. MILE REFUSES TO RIG10 . Strike Called at Buffalo. Associated Press. Buffalo. N. Y.. Feb. 7. After a strike of 200 molders at the plant of the Gould Coupler Company here to SUFFRAGE TEST CASE By Associated Press Chicago, Feb. 7. The Illinois Wo man Suffrage test case officially en titled "Scown .vs The Election Com missioners of the City of Chicago" is on tl.e call docket of the state supreme court for Friday, Feb. 13. Counsel for the suffragists said today that the answer to the brief of the appellants who are attacking the constitutional enforce their demands for a closed j jty of the suffrage act would be filed shop, it was announced today that in the supreme court before next Ihe malleable and steel depai'tments would be closed indefinitely. About 1,800 men are affected by the lockout. No question of wages is involved. 1! D STEEL TRUST RECEIVE ILLEGAL ATES? REB day. Should oral arguments be heard immediately by the upper court a de cision would be possible before the spring elections A decision adverse to the act's con stitutionality would nullify the regis tration of the 15S,000 Chicago women and also might affect the validity of many down-state local option peti tions. MOTION TO DISSOLVE BIG CLOTHING CONCERN :ti ii V-r-t, v.: iK'd Ii ;i . ""!'i- 'ri'i " 'I'll'1 News. ii'"1. i'f'o. 7. The Merchants' a i iliis city in a largely '"''hiu last night, turned recMiost of the Richmond '' Association for endors- '' "?r -ity a.- a regional re ii!; -iy. o -viii,. association not only 'w Rb-innond's request but ol i;t inns from the Greens " iaiioii censoring the Vir ' s I'or il.r.jr opposition 1o the ! '"wt Ireight rates offered ""iii'a by the railroads. !,' al amount of feeling was local business men "tii. n or tho Virgina cities "f a business boycott '' indulged in. By Associated Press. Newark, N. J.. eb. 7. The youim woman who called at the home of Mis. Harriet Manning here las! ni:Jn audi hhot her dead, had dropped iiii'r-!y out of sigui today and the police, ad mitted I hey had no positive due to her identity. Charles I. Mi-nuing. the victim's husband, who had ben s-e(i-i arated from Iipt for two years. ;;ndp'.v Associated Ires. a youris woman arrested in Montrliiir! rs"-'Ui'- V;i.. Feb. 7.-Vrv h n llix.l . i ..... "f the Norfolk Sinilu-i!! Kailio.il. to-, whom Manning adm.ttcd he knew. ay MAroi a n.Mjr to ,hp , ' : were released from custody early ;o-.i!ip Herkelev (Va.i hni. nf hp w.' IS SHOPS Will hot- be mm day. Manning and the young women left police headquarters together but neith-j er would discuss the murder. The woman was heavily vei'.ed and her identity could not be learned. Manning conducts a garage at Ve rona, near here. After the Mannings' separation the wife went to the home of her mother. Mrs. Harriet Cobb. where she had since livedwith her! folk Southern are to he moed to New-' hern, N. C. to be "FeiiHeless rumor." - The Federal Capita! Was Quiet Today Authorities Had Feared Thct Conspira tors Against Pie Adminis tration Would AUcmal ?n Uprising Last Night. Report Has it That Ncvv Revolt Was Planned Agninst H?rti Government troops Guard cd Palace Brief Report cn Destruction of Cumbrc Tun nel. UulJiiUU UUll Mexico City. IVh. 7.-Tii" i"i.K-i HE! FORGES TILLMAN TO BE CALLEO AS FIRST WITNESS Ey Associated Press. Columbia, S. C, Feb. 7. When the legislative committee appointed to in vestigate the operations of the State Hospital for the Insane and alleged personal imputations again. t officials and attaches of that institution began its hearings today at 10 o clock. United States Senator Benjamin R. Tillman was expected to take the stand as the first witness. Superintendent J. W. Babcock of the hospital, is the only other witness summoned to appear before the committee today, the others being, excused- tmtiUMonday afternoon. parents and a sister. Mrs. Mary Riley, who also is separated from her hus-jI,-v Associated Press. j band. Several persons have been ac- San Francisco. Feb. 7. Republicans : ) capital wa$ qui-t today. Th authorities ha i fcan d lb;l n .Hdratorjj against adtiiiiii'U;mi; would attempt an amx-d upri'inu b.a: 'no ou: break o--uird. Trocps guarded th paljc. arM1 customed to take thei.- meals at the m California had two meetings today lia house but Mrs. Manning received few U0, survey scattered forces. At Santa; night after the circulation of rpit. callers not well known to her familv.! Barbara gathered the old line republi-' ihal conspirator had plami-! a The theory that jealousy might J "la'e central committee, deprived dut , u,(. f a u, w IvvuU have prompted the murder was ad-ir ,e?al existence by process of law , ,,n..r,u .r. . .,t vanced by the police. Mrs. Cobb said whpn lQ progressives swallowed Ihe "-dJD lh' ,,m"r,a l,,"jnu1" her daughter was friendly with sev-' ''epuhlican party machinery before the ror a time lan night ecit:uit eral men who took their meals at herilast national election. ;as cause "I by the activity of ibo nJ- house but she did not know that any At Stockton those republican? who ! ' a rejwrt that ati n-.n- of these friends could have caused the d( not wish to be considered as lining 'uri', atiuauj tM urrca i.vau up with the so-calle "old guard." but 1J,,ulr. a suburb Mcral mik-s lioith are not willing to leave ihe party. met'east o1' tl,e apiti'l. to look over the political fituation. ; Telephone met-- carl uU f;l This meeting was announced as one!fd- however, to conhrm the rumor, c.f of progressive republicans. fighting. It was Uiougbt thai the tar; The legal committee of the "straight 'that oops faad been hurriedly r,nt m republicans" at Santa Barbara was lhe in a cordancc w nj, nutury readv for the other members of the . I,,ans a3imrs for a central l ommittee. having conferred ;UPi.P. as reiijsiLU- U r Ui- most of yelerdav on a statement of pl,e report, principles. It proposed for consldera- nral UlancmeU iiiiniter .f of the house and a hlafk- nmhrpii tion as pia:iomi pianKS criticism or , ,' ' oi me nouse ana a wack umoreiia. dminUtration which command in the capital . re . i-nnier- The only knowledge of her identity is he I'relent :state ,a ,AlrU" ,h.CnUnce durinz the uiz'.t. 11 w;;':,-,,,., d gance. and denunciation of ihe nation-. lhal nulitary artivit, 11'bIh.mH a. al democratic administration for usjn outcome ot th. ir talk, ttr. .:iMy. . tariff tv-h!h rl.,r..-l ll.c. irirt .... t r., W 3 "ni.d. iOWt-t. lh.l lb' II .-tin . coiiMueri-u ar:y piou According to jom- r-iort i.r."n '4.i- ice in the capital were iuvoiwd la a One of the boarders and Mrs. Man ning were very good friends, she said. She did not know where the man lived and the police have started a search for him in hope that he may be able to disclose some motive for the shoot ing. The woman who shot Mrs. Manning left two clues, the revolver which she threw to the floor as she backed out WOULD REMOVE UIPUIM II IW CVCTCM unyvH u u Cm FROM POLITICS By Associated Press. New York. Feb. 7. James W. Os borne, Governor Glynn's graft investi gator, in a formal statement today said he would recommend the removal of the whole state highway system from the field of party politics. "It ought to be done," he declared "before we spend a dollar of .the new- fifty million fund. Many millions of dollars have been all but wasted through the alliance of contractors and politicians." the statement she made when she ask ed for Mrs. Manning, declaring she was an old iriend from Philadelphia." A development in the case later to day was the detention of an "Italian woman who in dress and build seemed tc answer the description of the mur-j ueress as given dv r.vis. .Manning s relatives. Jacob Zinc, who formerly boarded with the family, was also brought to headquarters. Detectives meanwhile were making efforts to un cover the history of. Mrs. Manning's domestic relations and her friendships. The police were inclined to attribute the crime to jealousy, suspecting trou ble between Mrs. Manning and the woman who killed her over one of Mrs. Manning's admirers. fruits. Hundred Million Dollar Suit Settled by Compromise STRICKEN HE By Associated Press. Austin. Tex.. Feb. 7. The floO.Oou. 000 suit of the State of T- as against the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Rail fay of Texas today was fettled by a compromise without a money penalty. CONDITION OF SENATOR BACON. E DOiinr Piiannrn ! 1 ii'JBi mM MIST FRIEDMAN By Associated Press. Washington. Feb. 7. Investigation of whether the United States Steel Corporation ha received illegal re bates from railroads during the last six years was begun today by the inte-statc commerce commission by the issue of . a formal order for hear ings under the recent resolution adopted by the senate. Dates for hearings will be announced later. Formal notice of the investigation was served today upon all railroad companies and upon the following name'd concerns: United States Steel Corporation; Carnegie, Union, Illinois, and Indiana steel companies:; National . Tube Company: Shelby Steel Tube Com pany; American Steel and Wire Com- ! any; American neei a.uu nu Companv; Sharon Tin Plate Compa ny; American Bridge" Company; Ten nessee Coal, Iron & Railroad Com pany; II. C. Frick Coke Company; Interstate Transfer Railway Com puany; Spirit Lake Transfer Railway Company. By Associated Press. Binghamton, N. Y., Feb. 7. A mo tion to dissolve. the Binghamton Clothing Company which lost all its property in the fire which cost thirty- j . two lives last July was made in court todav. The capitalization of the firm is $100,000 but there is only $5,400 to j (Mr. E. divide among-the stockholders. A te?t action against the stockholders has been begun to recover $15,000 for the loss of one life. & I The Charlotte News is S the Paper to Read. m . ' "I Press. I'h., Feb. 7. Investigation ' i;t -(tngressional committee '''-' "l the Carlisle Indian ;'! into complaints that have 1 it;tinsi. Superintendent -: '--ominenced today. The timed unexpectedly from ;'l"" -sterday. indent Friedman said today -'onn'd a thorough investi- ''barges against Mr. Fried yl administration were said " ' n hied some time ago. ..st Make Car Steps Lower. . N. il.. Feb 7. Pmfpt lv against the heisht of : bJ,Y' iruit today when 11 s'TVice Commission rHofH ,r'ttoris to rolling stoc-k have " o inches of the ground. 'MlK.'ll RELESS SEARCH ES FOR POTOMAC Ccfl 0) The Charlotte News is the paper 0 to read, f It gives us new ideas of things that we need " .2 C. White, Arlington Ave.) & Of homes to rent and a place to .2 board ; The Want. Ad t'olumn tells for a cent a word. ' . ' plot and had pledged tix'tusrlw-s l revolt wjth certain of the troop. The revolt, according to tlx- riiM. was fixed for February :th, ib unni versary of the b-ginnin f lh 1 days' bombardinett of the capital t; the rebels laf-t year which ii lowed by th death f Pr-id-nt Ma dero and the assumption f Hi" jm vialoi.al preld-ncy by ( u ral llm-ita. Damage Done by Bandits. Washington. Feb. 7. Only a Lnf tttwirl nf tlio Inln urprli ainrl ilr.trni' Iiy Associated 1 re.SS. linn rf rnmhr luruil In- MrniriiTi Washington. Feb. ..-Phvncians at-i . n ... . t,n mM.m . tendinu Senator P.acon. of Georgia. CunsUj Kjward determined today tha his fever was Acapulco IIIir,inc ate n-- cause.! o uic coiiuu.ou uie ,orted on both coasts and fre-unt c.eys una uiu noi r-hun huiu 'c- mntM. r ..,(!! i,..- communi r.eys ana uin noi n sun irora a conflicts of cuerUla bandn ovcur (rntly iracturcd rib. It was declared, Xc,e.raphic and ra2wey r todav that the senator was in no dan ger and that hiii fever was receding. LEGISLATURE ITALY'S PBDTEST n CP TUC IM- Bj Associated Press. MM I I V Columbia, S. C. Feb. 7. Dr. c. T. - Wyche, speaker pro tern of the South RtAi-ka-v-imi nil I Carolina house of representatives, who It f 1 1 1 II fl I 1 1 1 H I Mil I suffered a paralytic stroke while pre- llfllhMU I 1 1 III Mill siding in that body last night, was III lUIIlt I lull U1LL reportdsomew hat improved today, al though information received from th1 hospital to which he was carried is , By Associated rrrss. that his condition is still serious. In a Washington. Feb. 7. Italy's message sent to the house today Dr. Wyche thanked his colleagues fori their interest and sympathy. To Regulate Payment of Postal Money Orders Lv Associated Press. "Washington, Feb. 7. By President Wilson's signature the bill to regu late the payment or postal money orders today became law and Post master General Burleson appointed a committee to prepare regulations to Execute the new statute. The bill pTo vides for the issuance of orders pay able at any money order office and will, according to the postmaster general, greatly increase the volume of this business. . In the last fiscal year nearly 91 million domestic mon ey orders were issued, amounting to almost $625,000,000. The net income to the postoffice department was over $5,000,'000. By Associated Press Washington, Feb. 7 were hissing out from the big navy aerial at Arlington today . to the frozen wastes of the Newfoundland coast searching for the navy tug Po tomac, lest in the ice after an unsuc cessful attempt to rescue the crews of the fishing schooners Hiram Ixw ell and Frances Willard. The heavy ice packs in the Bay of Islands turned the steady Potomrx back from her work of rescue after davs of futile smashing at the frozen iields that bold the Lowell and the AVillard prisoners; so ehe left . the bav for North Sydney Thursday night and should have put into port yes'ter day. When the tug was not heard from today navy officers said there was no cause for alarm but ordered the wire less to call for her. They thought she merely had been delayed making her way through the heavy ce in the straits. The jam probably will be the sal vation of the crews of the imprisoned fishing schooners. Officials 'here are not concerned for their safety, say ing if the ships are crushed in the pack the crews easily can make their wav to shore over the ice. Wireless calls 0 i3 9 0 In THE NEWS 8249 ads have J ' already been read Aim ioi a ifw i t-ar hiari ii is 'Nuf 'Ced . 0 We learn of thing happening far and near And watch the Want Ads in creasing each year. OlfllEN RILL HEAR INGS RESUMED Each day in the year as we busily toil With anxious hearts wait for the evening fall And the paper boy greets us as he hustles along With our codv of THE NEWS & PRINTED YESTERDAY 0 his daily song. 98 "WANTS" 598 in February an i average of 100 daily g zool in omiudLy o&v 5 since New Year. "In Charlotte It's The News Page Eight. 'NUF 'CED.- By Associated Press. Washington, reb. 7. Question of the constitutionality of the proposed law for incorporation of stock ex changes and their regulation by the government was raised hy Iljalma.' H. Boyesen, counsel for the Consolidated Stock Exchange of New York, when the senate banking committee re sumed hearings on the Owen bill to day. He urged that the dread of incor poration arose from fear that the dis-j ciplinary power of the exchange over its members would be endangered. ration between Monterey and Nucvt I. a redo have bn re-ebtatiUhr-i. British Secretary ArHvet. Thomas H. Holder. Hrititb secretary and charge d'affaires at Mexico City. r rived bore today from New York to b a guest of the BritUb embassy with th purpose of getting firt hand Iropr hions of the Ftate of feIinr and b attitude of public men toward h Mexican problem before resuming hi duties. Having already i.tablihed oScial relations with the Huerta povernment in Mexico, before bis departur cn leave of abFence for England it will ile tinnecessarr for the r-harg" to rr jsent any fresh credentials whn b" pro-! relieves sir l-ionI C'ardcn. te.st against the new immigration bills - provision to place American surgeons 1 Arton Squad But, upon immigrant chips was before the By Associated Tress, senate committee today awaiting the! Inverness, Scotland. Feb. 7. An ar result of conferences with President ; son squad c.f militant suffracttes l Wilson and Secretary Bryan. day set fire to Haidbank Houm Hepresentattve Burnett, author of I Highland residence in ToraaUa. 1. the bill, thinks the provision one ofi'mlle Trom here. The house, wnl'ii the most valuable but should thei was destroyed, belonged to 'be w id senate at the wish of the administra- ow of a county councillor and was ti jn, to strike it out, the house prob- temporarily unoc-cupied. ably will not insist upon it What would be the attitude of thei senate committee on the literacy tests j in the Burnett bill. Chairman Smith' of South Carolina, and other members! of the committee would not forecast; today but that the restrictive features j of the measure were to be modified ( was generally indicated. j Senator Smith has consulted w ith . President Wilson over the bill's re strictive phases. . . TO CONTINUE PROBE INTO HEW 1 S THE OLD GRAND UNION HOTEL DOOMED. Page open tonight until 11 o'clock for Sunday Wants. Use the 'phone 115. Bv Associated Press. New York. Feb. 7. The fate of the old Grand Union hotel, opposite the Grand Central depot on Forty-second street is sealed by a decision of the Public Service Commissioj. which pro- ca'vides for connection between the pres ent subway and the Lexington avenue line now building. It has been decided to condemn all tie property necessary south of Forty-second street which in cludes the hotel. The Grand Union was built in the early SO's. It was one of the first New- York hostelenes to occupy an entire block front and its rooming capacity of 500 was considered enormous. MANY SPECIES OF BIRDS ON LAKE IN PANAMA. BLUEJACKETS PATROL rUtt I Ur UArC PHI I ICIY .Br Associated Press. Washington. Feb. 7. St;ator Nor By Associated Press. ris resolution dirctir.g tb Int-r Washington, Feb. 7. Dominant in-: state Commerce Cornmisiou tr on terests of the United Slates in Haiti jtinue its investigation of New I la en are expected to cause the British naval railroad affairs was itas--! t1a bv commander at Port au Prince, who! the Senate in a niodifi-d form ranks Captain Russel of the battle ship South Carolina, to defer to the leadership of the American comman der in any steps that may be taken in the revolutionary situation. Execution of several persons by the revolutionists at Cape Haiten Thurs day night is reported. Bluejackets from the gunboat Nashville are pa trolling a portion of the town. Norwalk. Wis.. Feb. 7. The villas council today adopted a n ordinance making Ihe dancing of the tanao with in the municipal limits of Norwalk a misdemeanor punishable by fine and imprisonment. By Associated Pre. Washington. F-b. On a Ji'. i land in datum lake in the riil ron are more secies of birds ihan :n atx" , one locality in the west rr. hmi Ihere. K. A. Goldman, of W bjoV. cal survey, department of asnculi'iic. ban procured about diffTeni Eiwte-s and it Is estimated larger variety is to 1 found with n the limits ol the canal ot- H an .r any one Hale in the Unit-d btat -about IyO. - 't t .. : . ! , -'t . 1 . t 1 t ''; ', ' " 4 ' - - "i r-. : t 1 ' f . a -c.