PAGE FOUR THE CONCORD TIMES PUBLISHED MONDAYS AND THURSDAYS Entered ae second class mail matter at the post* >ffiee at Concord, N. C., under the Act of March l, 1879. J. B. SHERRILL, Editor and Publisher TV. M. SHERRILL, Associate Editor u - - % ■■■ ——■■ 11 - ■ 1 ■ ■ Special Representative: FROST. LANDIS & KOHN New York. Atlanta. St, Louis, Kansas City. San Francisco, Los Angeles tind Seattle CHILD CARE IN NORTH CARO LINA. \ Before 1917 North Carolina had done ittle toward solving the problems of des titute, neglected and delinquent chil dren but we have made, wonderful prog ress in the past 10 years. In fact the progress has been so unusual and s d marked that North Carolina is one of the three States selected by the Children’s Bureau of the United States Depart ment of Labor for a study of county pro grams of child care, the results of which have just been published under the title, '‘Public Child-Caring Work in Selected Counties of Minnesota, North Carolina and New York.” It has been proved conclusively that organization of child-caring and child protective work with the county as a unit makes it possible to reach rural children, as well as city children, and the plan is attracting country-wide in terest. It was found for instance, that chil dren are faring far better under the coun ty child-welfare or public welfare boards ;n Minnesota, North Carolina and New York than they did before such boards were created. Discussing the changes brought about in the State, a report ot the U. S. Department of Labor, Chil dren's Bureau, says: Before 1917 a juvenile delinquent in North Carolina who was convicted of the offense with which he was charged was sent to the chain gang to work on the roads and to live the adult of fenders in the road camps. A girl of fender was sent usually to the almshouse where the poor of all ages and classes, And sometimes even the insane; were com mitted. Blind and lame .children had nothing done for them. Family welfare agencies existed in a few cities and church and private societies helped as best they could, but there was no statewide pro gram for child protection, The problems of children in need of special care were little understood either by the officials or by the people of the various communi ties. The adoption in 1917 of a state-wide system of public welfare including, a broad but centralized and definite child caring program with the county as the unit of administration introduced a new era in the protection of children in North Carolina. This system is now state-wide, reaching into each of the 100 counties. It provides for the co-operation of the State and the counties through-State and county boards of charges and public welfare, and county superintendents of wefare who must have certificates of qualifications issued by the state board. By 1926 full-time superintendents of pub lic welfare, 7 of whom had assistants, were employed in 51 counties. In 8 - counties there were part-time superin tendents, and in 41 the superintendents of schools acted, as superintendents of public welfare. Analyzing the outstanding features of the North Carolina system, the report says: “There was a greater degree of in terrelation and co-ordination in the work of the various state and county depart ments than is found in many other states. The heads of all state departments met together as a governor’s council which had a definite function, so that the state departments were brought into very close relation. The care of the poor, the school attendance, juvenile-court work and the control of child labor were inti mately associated and interwoven in a most interesting fashion.” Among the activities of the county boards which need further development ~ the report lists the care of young unmar ried mothers, for whom, as yet, little pro vision has been made, and child placing and supervision, one of the most difficult branches of child care. The law author izes the State Board of Charities and Public Welfare to undertake the placing and supervision of dependent children in V foster homes, but the board has been unable to do this work on account of in adequate staff. Many of the county sup erintendents of public welfare were plac ing children in foster homes within their own territory, but it was felt that much closer investigation of conditions before placement and more thorough supervis ion after placement were necessary to insure the welfare of the' children, par ticularly in a state where children have minimum protection against labor. This need had been fully realized by the State Board of Charities and Public Welfare, which hoped to obtain appropriations to develop this work in the near future. hospitals. Dr. W. S. Rankin says that there are 49 counties in the state that have no hos pital iacilities at all. Dr. Rankin knows the hospital situation as no other man in the state knows it, and if there is one we should listen to it is Dr. Rankin. The facts will also show, as many of us feel that we know, that of the fifty-one coun ties that do have some hospital facili ties there is a sad lack oLsuflficiency to meet the demands. In these fifty-one there are but few we would sav, that have anything like adequate hospitaliza tion, and to the end that there may be a.bettered condition Dr. Rankin and others are busily engaged—Salisbury Post. In the fifty-one counties which have hospital facilities of some kind we have an idea that there is a lack of charity beds. That seems to us one of the greatest needs of the State. It is impossible, we havo been told by hospital experts, for private hospitals to operate at a profit when they maintain charity wards. That is the reason a number of former private hospitals have been changed so as to benefit from the Duke Foundation Fund. There was the desire to aid persons who could not aid themselves, but the desire was a costlw one, in some instances causing hospital failures. ; This trouble has been overcome in some counties and cities by appropria tions by the cities and counties. Under this plan the hospital offers eight or twelve charity beds; as the case may de mand, and the city or county makes an annual appropriation to cover their ex pense. That plan works well and could be followed in other counties with profit. There should not be a county in wealthy North Carolina without hospital facilities. Neither should there be one without facilities for charity cases. HE HAS THE RIGHT, BUT— Raleigh’s race warfare has about sub sided and George Rjissos has won hi§ point. Russos, a Greek, purchased a lot in the so-called fashionable Hayes-Barton development and outlined plans for a modern home there. There was insistent and immediate complaint from the resi dents already there. They didn’t want to have a Greek in their midst. Os course Russos had the law with him and there was no way to keep him from building a house where he wanted to. He is a naturalized American and his children were born in America and are classified as American children. His rep utation could not be assailed and he had the money to pay for his house. What could the “fashionables” do? R-X«sos has won the right to the home, we repeat, but will he be wise to build in the Hayes-Barton development? Can he be satisfied without happiness and can he have happiness without friendships? These are questions not covered by the law but they are important ones to the prospective builder. What will it profit Russos and his children to have a house in a fashionable development if there are to be no friends? He has the right to build where he wishes, but we hope he won’t go where he is not wanted. We are for the Greek in this controversy, and for that reason we hope now that he has won his point at law he will go build somewhere else, where there will be something finer to be gained. We hope he will build at some spot where there will be friends for his children, for his wife and for himself. What will it profit Russos to build the finest house in Haynes-Barton and not have a friend to cross its threshold? NO GUNS. Mr. Wade H. PhiUips, director of the department of conservation and develop ment, announces that there will be no flourishing of arms nor any gun play in the enforcement of the new game laws of the State. . Although admitting that the law, by designing the wardens as peace officers, gives authority for carrying pistols, the director declares that.it will be the policy of the administration to have the wardens enfore its provisions, except in extreme cases, without arms. “We want our officers to work on the idea of law observance rather than em phasizing enforcement as the primary consideration. <For the taw to be com pletely successful and to bring the re sults that are desired, we must have the co-operation and support of the public,” he continued, “and therefore, our main objectives will be along educational lines. “It is our purpose to develop a force that will have the whole-hearted support of the public and a group of officers with the highest morale. We must get the people to realize that the name, fish, or forest,law violator, such as one who hunts and fishes without a license or who de liberately or carelessly fires the woods, the poacher, the game or fish hog, or any one who violates the law is an enemy to the public. We would like to have pubic sentiment behind us to such an extent that those who are inclined not to observe the dictates of constituted au thority will not dare to do so because of the scorn of his neighbor. “Wild game is the property of all of the peoeple of the state and every one, especially those who love the out-of doors and wild life, owes a duty in help ing to preserve and perpetuate these nat ural resources.” OUT FOR SMITH. Judge Tam C. Bowie, one of the Emer gency Judges recently appointed by Gov ernor McLean, and Col. T. L. Kirkpat- rick, well known Charlotte attorney and a prospective candidate for the United Spates Senate, have come out this Jvefck for Governor A1 Smith. That may set to thinking those persons who feel that Governor Smith is losing ground. Colonel Kirkpatrick and Judge Bowie are drys, Protestants and among the best known Democrats in North Carolina. Judge Bowie is'counsel for, the North Carolina Bible League and the Colonel is a Presbyterian of prominence. Certainly it cannot be charged that Judge Bowie and Colonel Kirkpatrick are “wet.” There is no evidence to this effect in their past conduct and each de clares he thinks. Governor Smith will enforce the prohibition law as well as any other law. Judge Bowie adds that certainly it should be as easy to enforce the dry laws under Governor Smith as they are being enforced now. Judge Bowie favors Governor Smith for the simple reason that he thinks he and no one else can be elected by the Democrats. That is the reason al so, why Colonel Kirkpatrick favors the Empire State Chief Executive. They have looked the field.over and have not been able to see any other candidate with a chance of election. That fact may make Democrats in the South lean to the popular Governor. There are many people who feel that the party in the South will suffer if Govern or Smith is elected, but just the same they favor his nomination because in their opinion he has a better chance than anybody else to be elected. Governor Smith is saying nothing about the Presidency, and his friends are talking less, but just the same he is growing in power all the time. There is no public Smith boom but there’s <a Smith boom just the same. WOULD AID THE FARMERS. President Brooks, of North Carolina State College, has outlined what he terms an “Agricultural Program for North Car olina Farmers,” some details of which have been carried in this paper from our Raleigh Bureau. The Gastonia Gazette expresses the hope that the program will prove of great benefit, declaring “it is high time the farmers were asserting themselves' and demanding rights and privileges so long enjoyed by others and denied them. For years the farmer has been the goat. Ev ery other industry has prospered. Leg islation has favored the industrialist and the artisan, but it has left the farmer high and dry.” The farmer should assert himself, as The Gazette says, That’s been his chief trouble. The * industrialist has power because he makes demands. The laborer organizes and makes demands that get attention. The farmer though, tries to do it alone, and that gets him nowhere. Wages as a whole have increased in recent years but the earnings of the •farmer have not increased. Statistics of the federal department of show that “the American farmer has slipped back in pace in his income in 1926. Whereas the average farmer real ized a net return of $1,927 in 1925, he got but $1,138 in 1926. And while his re ceipts were on the decline, his expenses remained about. the same, so that his cash balance dwindled proportionately, based upon the records of 13,475 iarm ers,” and the agricultural department re port gives these figures : “The average size of the farms report ing for 1926 was 315 acres, with an aver age investment of $16,308. Average gross receipts were $2,448, consisting of $926 from crop sales, $894 from sales of live stock, $589 from sales of live-stock products and $39 from miscellaneous sales. “Average current cash expenses in 1926 totaled $1,473, consisting of $386 for hired labor, $242 for livestock bought, $232 for feed, $73 for fertilizer, S4B for seed, $lB3 for taxes, $l3O for machinery and tolls and $179 for miscellaneous items. “Receipts less cash expenses averaged $9 *5, in addition to which these farmers used home-grown food products valued at an average of $282. The value of fuel and house rent was not reported. On the other hand, no allowance haa been made in the expense items for the labor of the farmer and his family, which was estimated by the farmers at an average of $779. ' “The $975 represented all the cash the average owner-operator had to pay his living expenses, take care of debts and make improvements. The reported an increase of $l5B in inventory values, which figure added to the cash balance of $975, made a farm net return of $1,133. Out of this amount $215 was paid as interest on in debtedness and $l2B was sp<*nt for im provements.” WANT TAX RATE REDUCTION. Property owners in Cabarrus have re ceived their assessment notices from the tax assessors and unless there is a reduc tion in the tax rate there will be general dissatisfaction. The county tax assessor has not made public the total valuation placed or to be placed on the tax books this year, but inquiry from many individuals brings the information that there has been a general increase in valuations, with THE CONCORD TIMES marked increases in some instances. There have been decreases too, but the ►increases *have been more general and more striking, and certainly the new as sessments should result in a big jump in the total. county departments are seek ing increased appropriations and there is talk in some quarters that these ap propriations if- granted will make a re duction in the tax rate impossible. We do not want to see the county become stale or backward but there is a general de mand for a reduction and it is the duty of every county official to study closely th^ requests submitted before deciding oiv the budget and the rate. In some instances property has been trebled in valuation by the assessors. In many instances there have been increases of from 50 to 70 per cent, .in the valuations. These increases no doubt are justified, but the people know they have beep made and there will be dissat isfaction unless there is a tax reduction and a general explanation of expendi tures. We repeat, we do not know what in crease the total will show but we are convinced it will be an increase Os cer tainly 20 per cent., .and maybe 25 per cent. We should be conservatively gen erous with our appropriations but' we should be careful not to include in the budget anything that can be left out. We are experimenting, as it were, with the budget, and it will be the part of wisdom to move slowly until the plan has been tested out. The tax rate problem should be studied carefully by the city officials also, and we understand it is. It is rumored that the city officials will make every effort pos sible to affect a reduction in the city’s rate for the next year. TYPHOID INCREASING IN STATE. Typhoid fever is on the increase in the State, according to figures compiled by the State Health Department. The to tal so far.this year is below the 5-year average, it is true, but as the same time the total represents quite an increase over last year. There have been but few cases of the disease reported in Cabarrus and there should be but few more. The typhoid serum makes one practically immune from the disease, and since it can be se cured free from the county health de partment there is no excuse in any one not taking it. The scarcity of typhoid cases in Ca barrus no doubt is due to the county-wide campaigns conducted each year by the health department. Dr. D. G. Caldwell, the county health officer, and his aides have been conducting such a campaign for the past several weeks, with the re sult that the serum has been given to more than 4,000 persons. In addition to these, there are other thousands who were inoculated last year and the year before. There is no excuse for typhoid fever. It has been proved time and time again that the serum makes immune 99 out of every 100 persons taking it. We hope every man, woman and child in Cabar rus not inoculated within the past three years will take the treatment at once. ANOTHER WORTHY DUKE GIFT. K**" Benjamin N. Duke seems to be spend ing a great part of his time now in choos ing worthy institutions that need finan cial help. Hardly a week passes with out announcement that the millionaire has given generously to some school, Church, hospital or other institution that is carrying on work for humanity. The Stonewall Jackson Manual Train ing and Industrial Schoo here is the lat est institution to know the joy of Mr. Duke s fortune, he having forwarded to the trustees of the school a check for $5,000 to be spent as they deem best. We take this opportunity to congrat ulate the school upon its ability, by ser vice and constructive work, to win the appreciation and confidence of so many able and outstanding people. We dare say that no institution in the State in so short a time has developed and grown into such a superb plant as the Jackson Training School. It appears beyond doubt that the officials of the school have made a most wonderful success in the wise use of the appropriations, gifts and donations with which it has been favored from time to tinie. We, along with the other friends of the school, wish to thank Mr. Duke for his handsome recognition of a most wor thy institution. TEXTILE OUTLOOK. According to news from the Cotton Textile Bulletin, official organ of the Tex tile Institute, the textile outlook is good. June was the first month this year when sales of standard cotton textiles for such a period fell below production. Consumption of staple cotton goods continues at a high level. Mill positions at the mid-year are generally sound. In a sense the figures for production and sales during June were not a sur prise. Sustained demand and relatively low prices of raw material have exerted a strong influence 6n production sched ules since the first of the year. One of the strongest features of the statistics gathered by the association is the position indicated by unfilled orders. Mills have turned the first half of the year with the largest volume of unfilled yardage #in many years. Almost without exception summer months in the past have been periods of slack business. This year the immediate prospect is different. Summer sched ules in mills have been made on the basis of large advance orders for which raw material was purchased several months ago. To this extent the recent advance in the price of raw cotton seems to have been anticipated. LIGHT AND POWER REDUCTION. Several weeks ago members of the water and light board of Concord decid ed that the rate on domestic power could be reduced,' and accordingly a 20 per cent, cut was authorized. At that time Mayor C. H. Barrier said the board hop ed to be able to make a reduction on all classes, of electric power at a later date, and the promise has ben fulfilled. A 10 per cent, cut in the rate on light and power has been ordered, effective Sep tember first. Th board has gone further. It has or dered elimination of water meter rents and authorized a reduction in water rates to consumers using 200,000 gallons Or more a month. The watei" and light board has been making a profit and members of the board are to be commended for parsing this profit on to the public. The new rates will mean a saving to the public of about $20,000 a year. City officials are determined to correct storm sewer evils in the city and they should begin this work as soon as possi ble. There are at several street intersec tions in the city pipes so improperly laid that water congregates about them in great abunflanee, reaching a depth of several years and the officials are to be commended for their determination to remedy.such conditions without further delay. THE FARMERS’ PROBLEMS. Winston-Salem Sentinel. Under the title “Business Men Must Study Farm Problems,” the Manufacturers Record delineates the problems of the farer with a brevity and accuracy that will appeal to the farmer, at least, and should also appeal to the business men re gardless of the interest he may represent. The editorial is so well written that it is well worth reprinting. Here it is: "The farmer who plows and sows and reaps is carrying on a business just as vital to the wel fare of the country as that of the railroads, the public service corporations or other interests; but the farmer feels that he is not given a fair show. He knows that the railroads are permitted by Governmental authority to charge a freight rate that will yield a fair profit on their investment. He knows that public service corporations are protected by State and municipal authorities to the point where they are permitted to earn a fairly large profit on their investment. He knows that industrial interests, when the market will not absorb their output on a profitable basis, can shut down their plants and not be forced to run at a loss. But the farmers knows he does not receive any direct or indirect guarantee as to the profit on his business, although he feels that railroad and industrial and banking securities are no more sacrosanct than his business. “Unlike the railroads which are permitted to charge a freight rate yielding a profit, or the management of industrial corporations which can close their plants at any moment however great may be the hardship, the farmer must plow* and sow often six months of a year in advance of i the reaping, and he cannot, therefore, shut down his plant, nor can he call upon the Government for Federal aid. “It is true that the mercantile business must operate under somewhat similar conditions; and yet it has to take no such risks as do the farmers. The professional man has no Governmental as sistance in his operations. Nevertheless, the farmer feels that if the railroads and, the industrial inter ests can appeal to Congress for protection to their investments, he must in some way have a right to do the same thing; but how this can be brought about is a problem which has not yet been solved. Its importance, however, demands the most care ful study of the business pebple, the industrial leaders and the railroad managers of the country, not only for their future safety against agrarian legislation, but for the broadest prosperity of all interests. “There can be no. permanent prosperity for railroad and industrial interests unless there is prosperity for agriculture. Too long hajpe the farmers been ignored, and at times berated. Too long have thi newspapers and the cartoonists pic tured the farmer as a ‘hayseed.’ Too long have the real and serious problems of farm life been ignored or put aside by men of affairs. That situation must be changed. The farmer must have his inning, or there will be trouble for all.” IS PROHIBITION A FAILURE? % " Hickory Record. There seems to be an ever growing sentiment in some parts of our country that prohibition is a complete failure and that it were better that the nation repeal and abolish the Volstead law. It is argned that the law is not being enforced; that owing to the varied classes who deal in whiskey and use it, it is impossible to break up the traffic even if the officers are vigilant and honest in their attempts to break it up. It is claimed, however, the law is carelessly enforced, if enforced at all. In addition, it is alleged that pubGc sentiment is either in favor of the whiskey dealer, or is too anemic and timorous to assert itself against it. Officers themselves complain that citizens do very little to cooperate with them in the eradication of the rum runner and blockader. The situation undoubtedly does look bad. If the people of the United States earnestly desire prohibition, the law can be made more ef fective and the measure will become a success. If ah earnest, sincere effort is made to enforce the law by honest, morally upright officers, backed by a united public sentiment, it is an impossibility for prohibition laws to fail in their purpose. But if the public remains indifferent, if the officers fail to do their duty, if judges release grave offenders the payment of a small fine, prohibition can be nothing else but a failure. And the effect of having a law on the statute books that is not en forced is a dangerous one. A successful evasion of one law constitutes an invitation to defy all laws. It is in the hands of the American people to decide whether personal liberty shall degenerate into personal indulgence. The public sentiment rather than Congress or the Supreme court will interpret the laws on the statute books. A man has started to ride from Buenos Aires to New York on horseback, and we don’t know whether he’s kidding Lindbergh or the Prince of Wales.—New York Post. Individual ‘liberty is a matter of doing as the majority pleases. — Toledo Blade. Manday AR,Unced Statesville l) ailv * “ .. we <* of A„ gu<t J tha t tW, satisfactory to the Ul * rior ~ «' “itl, Ih. author!,, j„ Wp L »' a time when L? h the second * came „ Mr setting '„ h, « •»«„> lhe incident hm ° ubl «. “ nd “ thi^.~ newspaper man aft/' as a IS Judge for the , erni fter *wa,N the members of the asn ot^ f Jj not try the civil djl consulting the jud ‘ ket befoJS * h ' >»« in s*;” 1 hemeelwo a(] , ,! »O nut to draw , ju ” "* « the, had deeded S! The commissioner. ‘ to &0 torneys as law a „,i. cceptf d happened. PoJblv JV? 3 cause, or possibh- L th had *2 the local barristers « 5 a teaaon i„ 1J regular charge h, the commissioners hariT for the second week W statute which his honor * court so instructed. ,h„ tlw an indictment ,g, iw for failure ,o comply u?>l Thereupon ,he V b, OM-not unite .11 b * H hurriedly and with eJJ that it was all dut t ®' h, t»lmJ nobody so much as thoul any reflection upon the all been so bus? k <a lawyer has always ** of physical prostration tinuedi they had found if with the docket mg their health or their ] it . ** th. count, wrong/ Per, ” lj - In other words, declared th. i —and take notice it is . i.. **** ail lied cheerfully w “ k * who was a "good fellow,” d-jS be more generous than he Jr* the grand jury to indict withdrawn. • jud™. 9 '•"’""""“-m, •hry reform, Wilmington Star. Judge Devin, who convened a Court here yesterday mornint -.J for selecting juries should be iiW also sets forth three cardinal 2 holds should be prime requisites i#l would insist upon intelligence, nurik payment of taxes. Furthermore k, the selecting of jurors from thefJ sioners, ”who have enough to do vS substitute some system like that inwZ Courts, insuring the choosing of g Still another suggestion of the Cori number of challenges allowed bj | defense be equalized. Judge Devin has placed hissnpt« weak links of court procedure In theft but it is to be feared that his j* would prove futile if put in efe thorough educating of lawyers mD to the responsibilities that go with s» It is quite obvious that the averapl lina court, particularly those trji* dally and delay entirely too long to i the full cooperation of the public, tW necessary. On the other hand, thenuai wise reputable citizens in any inapt who are willing to spend their timeki without first seeking an excuse, ni sufficient to supply the demands of aa term. It is interesting in this connectkM comparisons. In almost every endan can is accustomed to act more qakti British cousin. He is geared to al4 speed. While this does not newa# tremendous advantage in efficiency,hi has decided advantages. In the oc however, the speed records all gotoßd tually all of the feinting, sparring fl jockeying that go to make up Aa! procedure is lacking from the BritaH moves steadily, relentlessly and in tk« of cases with deadly accuracy. Qo much of the grandstand on the pctl attorneys. Jury service in Britain is comb® Here it is looked upon more uI ■ difference in viewpoint may banil crime records. It most probably id Judge Devin is correct in his pt®B should have support in improringww is leeway for considerable renoviuz GREETING THE NEW*#* Monroe Enquirer. a Last week a citizen'of Monroe (• the people of Monroe to eareftuU* welcome to each and every n«® , or woman or child that coniaß be instantly won by the people , habitant will be alert in courtesies that make life f This is one field in vhica even the children, of Monroe oin The new citizen who move? , somewhere. When he left ® , them that he would never ft-P \ others could -possibly take j wrong but no neighbors neighbors unless we try torn * There are few things than the scenerti4 * ‘. leaving their home* turning of years, and seeking field. When they move hospitable people, who see them freely and heartily. bright. Business troubles - hurts the new-comers most friends. . Let every citizen of M The next time somehoay make a point to welcome them know that we want tb* and are glad to have t DR. Charlotte News. . ireCt#r iff! Dr - w * tion section of the D reaching work f **' Tes titi proper hospitaliza 2 * lo ” One watch iDg good track of the is refreshing and 0 f hi* dences of the fruitfu n silently here and yon ;5 throughout the State The idea of the ex'VJ tion in respect to 05p {or ties should try to caret build up a large modern and equipP e A for ministering to t tremondously big P a / State. ' t „ find i We have no faulb . f ir< from t*e way the Pjg,, * r proposition, they also- * „ the *fSk Os course, not all swiftly in this rega r ■ may feel that j a institution of this . 1 . they will find tha V u -01 J they can make and

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