THE REPORTER.
J. PEPPER, Ba., | J. T7DARLINGTON,
Editor* Astociate Editor.
' THURSDAY, JUNK ISTwiT"
VOLUME 1U„ NUMBER I.
This issue of the DANBUKY REPORTER
is the commencement of a new volume.
For the last two years our duty to our
patrons and the publio have been dis
charged the best that circumstances and
oar ability would permit. In some in
■hum, in order to serve the real inter
cats of our seotion, we may have drawn
npon our own heads the ire end condem
nation of those whose personal interests
were not advocated; there are others
who assert that we do not sufficiently
"■agar -ooat" our criticisms snd argu
ments, while there are others who hold
M responsible for the convictions of sin
and error made by their own oonseiences.
Well, we have simply done the best we
oould, and will refer our successes and
oar indiscretions to an intelligent public.
For the future, we oan make no prom
ises differing mateiially from our course
in the past. Energy, sincerity and hon
esty of purpose will win in the end,
while fawning duplicity and dishonest
vaeilatiou, however popular at present,
must eventually prove its own unworthi
ness. Truth and justice is a goal that
no newspaper or individual need be
ashamed to strive for; and because some
pet error may stand in the way of its
attainment, that is no reason why right
should surrender to wrong. We are not
of those who timidly ask niiere the path
of duty may lead ; and if it bappeus to
to* cross some individual's peculiar
scheme, that is no reason why we should
hasten to spread a blanket of oharity
over his moral, political or official naked
ness We pity the man who fears the
troth ; the party that shrinks from hon
est criticism; and, more than all, the
oomxunity at large, whose conscience is
ao tender that to denounce "ways that are
dark and tiioks thst are vain," becomes
a personal allusion to all its members.
Yot, we are inolioed to hope that "bread
eaat upon tbe water" in this wsy will yet
serve a good purpose. We shall perse
vere in the direction we have all along
been traveling, pressing forward with
diligence toward the mirk, and proving
faithful to the end.
To those who have kindly advised,
and encouraged us by their appreciation
aad confidence, during the two years
just past, we return grateful thanks, hop
ing to merit a continuance of their es
teem. The REPORTER is ndw at tbe
beginning of another volume. A cam
paign against open foes and disguised
enemies to social, civil and political lib
erty is just ahead. We do not propose
to "sugar-eoat" the shot we employ
against these allied destructionists.
Blank cartridges should be used to cele
brate a victory already won; but grape>
canister and shrapnel are most ef
fective during the set ion We expect
to use our blanks after the votes are
counted, but with the enoouragement
and counsel of friends, we hope to be
of service to our section, State and coun
try in the approaching struggle against
the tyranny and degradation of Radical
ism. United and intelligent effort will
secure a victory which would crush for
ever from our county even the semblance
of organised opposition. Let us make
in this direction, one more strong pull,
altogether, and then with the REPORTER,
we oan all oommeooe a new era of hope,
happiness, and prosperity.
THE COUNTY CONVENTION.
The Nominating Convention of Stokes
county will convene in Danbury, on
Monday, the 17th instant. Whatever
wisdom may be manifested in tbe selec
tion of candidates by that body, it can
hardly be expeoted that perfeet satisfac
tion will result.. Men, and even sections,
tfteo have their preferenees, and are
disappointed, if not vexed, when their
favorites fail to receive nominations
This is no* doubt natural; yet, at the
same time, it is inconsistent aad unfair-
It is a leading principle of Democracy
that tbe majority sball rule, and the can
didate who receives a majority of votes
in tbe Convention, should be accepted
as tbe candidate of the minority, as well
as of the majotity. Everything de
pends npon party organisation and dis
cipline, and it is sincerely hoped by all
true Democrats that individual prefer
ences will, in every instance, Oe surren
dered to the advancement snd growth
of tho Democratic party. The main
issuo involves principles—not men; and
therefore, the selection of men to illus
trate tboae principles becomes a matter
of seeondary importance.
But while it is tawumbent upon indi
viduals to prove their devotion to prin
ciple by making a sacrifice of all personal
preferment, the Convention, as a body,
is aot without responsibility, or free from 1
obligation to the pari; it claims and is
expected to represent. One obligation
resting op«n it in to seleot none but Dem
ocrats to fill the various offices. No man
of negative politics should be forced
upon the Democratic voters of Stokes,
simply as a matter of expediency, or to
prevent his independent candidsoy. No
1 man who has been vacilating between
the two parties, ever ready to cry "Good
Lord," or 'Good Devil," is • entitled to
• nomination No man who has ever
disappointed bis party in the discharge
uf official duty, or the manipulation of
official advantages or favors, deserves
honorable endorsement at tbe hands of
a Democratic Convention. From such
a body, Democrats have a right to ex
peet tbe nomination of true and loyal
Democrats—men who are politically
neither "pig nor puppy." Principle
should be dear to every freeman ; and
bow can a Democrat of principle en
dorse and sustain the nomination of a
man whose past reoord is a blemish upon
Democratic professi ns ? Because some
men may have been long in office, and
are familiar with and competent to dis
charge certain duties, that is no positive
evidence that they should again receive
nominations. Tbe main question should
be, Have tbey illustrated the principle*
and in office faithfully represented the
party that placed them in position ? If
.they have proved themselves to be true
to their party, and faithful to their du
ties, intelligent voters will appUuti their
renomination ; but if it becomes evident
that they have dwindled into iffice
seekers by profession, have pandered to
Radicalism for popularity, bave even
gone into the Radical cauip for official
deputies, how can honest Democrsts
endorse them without a terrible sacrifice
ol principle? Can the Convention ex
pect it'! We hope for a better condi
tion of things, and that the Convention
will manifest as great a regard for prin
ciple as individuals are expeoted to en
tertain for organication. Oue depends
essentially upon tbe other. There may
be some such aspiring characters as we
have described -in the county. We
make no charge; but it is expected of
a nominating convention that it will ex
amine carefully into the antecedents of
men before nominees are chosen, and
that true worth and genuine merit shall
be allowed to outweigh expediency. In
every iustance, principle and patty fealty
should be tho leading consideration.
* >
Vsnce and Merrimon.
A stranger reading the proceedings of
our Democratic meetings, in various por
tions of the Slate, would be apt to come
to tho conclusion thst North Carolina
was deficient in the talent and statesman
ship of htr sons. It would seem from
the proceedings that there sre only two
men in the State qualified to sit in the
Senste of the United Statss. News
paper correspondents have pursued a
course wbioh would in the main be oal
oulated to produce • similar impremi >n.
Only tbe names of Vanee and
mon are mentioned in connection with
that high offioe. Ne wwe unhesitatingly
concede the distinguished services ren
dered by both of these gentlemen. We
also ooncede that they are deservedly
eminent for their commanding abilities.
Either of them would make an able aud
faithful Senator. Our purpose in this
article is not to champion the side of
either of these great rivals. We are
prepared to aequiesoe in the nomination
and election of either of them to tbe
Senate. And whether the representa
tives of tbe people in choosing a United.
States Senator reflect the will ol tbe
masses ss it may cbanoe to p-eponderate,
in favor of the one or the other, we
shall say well done. But it seems to us
that North Carolina has a host of states
men besides Vanee aud Herriuton, and
as an aot of justiee to others, we think
that their claims are at least entitled to
somo consideration. Prominent among
the latter is a gentleman residing in
Wilmington, N.C., the Hon. Geo. Davis;
also Montford McGhee, of Person county,
who are tbe peers ol either of the prom
inent rivals referred to and would grace
a seat in the Senate in a manner worthy
of the ancient and present fame of North
Carolina in that body. Tbe Hon. Thorn.
S. Ashe aud a host of others of our
prominent men who would reflect honor
on the State aud the nation, should the
part) ttiiuk proper to send them tj tbe
Seuaie.
In writing this srticle we cherish none
other than feeliugs of respect and admi
ration for the distinguished gentleman
whose names head this srticle. Not
that we love Caesar less i.ut Rome more.
Oxford Torch Liyht
The Wilmington Star relates a some
what marvellous story of a young man
rubbing a piece of phosphorescent wood,
"fox-fire," until it ignited, burned bim
severely, sod also burned the carpet on
which it fell from hia haud.
WASHINGTON LETTER.
[From Our Own Correspondent.}
WASHINGTON, D. C-,)
June 6, 1878. j
Congress has twelve days mote in
whioh to complete aod pass the Appro
priation bills, dispose of the various sub
sidy schemes, and pass upon many gene
ral and special subjects before it in va
rious degrees of forwardness. It is aow
evident that the Pacific It tilroad pro
jects, Mr. Wood's tariff bill, and -the
plan (or improving the Mississippi river
will fail; but they will moat likely be
left la suoh shape ss not to prejudice
their standing at the next session. They
will not be voted down.
There has been so much uncertainty
in the aotion of the House on Appropri
ation bills that prophecy as to what will
be done in the way ot insisting OIT the
economical ideas of that body as against
the extravagant ones of the Senate is
idle. Ou the various bills the House
oan, if it ohooses, cave the ooantry Hany
millions of dollais, without
any interest.
Mr. Potter's Committee has had An
derson, the New Orleans witness, three
days on the stand—one being taken up
by the direct examination, and two by
cross examination. At leust two days
more will be required. The subgiance
of his statement in, that the parish in
which he was supervisor had a perfectly
peaceful election, and gave a large Dem
ocratic maj ri'y ; that afterwards, it be
came necessary, in order to give the
Sia>eto Hayes, that the vote of the par
ish should be thrown nut, and that, in
stigated bj John Sherman, Stanley
Matthews, and Satan, he prepared a false
statement as to disorder aod intimidation
at the election, and on that false state
ment, altered after it It-ft his hands, the
vote wis thrown out. He supports this
statement by a written agreement between
himself and Nath, a Louisiana Congress
man, and by letters from Matthews atid
Sherman. He is cool under cross-exam
ination, and has certainly made a ease
against Matthews, and plaoed the more
adroit and experienced Sherman in a
moat uncomfortable position.
Geoerml Butler is credited with ha*
ing information of an important charac
ter concerning the visit of the Wayne
McVcagh Commission to New Orleans.
The story is, that the Commission took
with them from Sherman, with the ap
ptoval of Hayes, a draft
Treasury, and tbat the money was drawn
and applied to the payment of the ex
penses ot tbe Commission. Also, that
some of these expenses cover bribery
It is very difficult to tell what Hutler is
after, or what information he has which
is not public ; but he takes an extraor
dinary interest in the investigation, and
may astonish as all by and by.
The frieads of Senator Conkling again
snnounoe that be will make his long
promised grcst speech before the ad
journment, sad that the subject will be
our trade with foreign countries. Since
his unfortunate quarrel with Senator
Gordon, in which he began as s bully
and ended hidden under the ooat tails of
Hannibal Hamliu, Mr. Conkling has
been the silent man of the Senate He
has lost standing among Senators, as I
doabt not be has with the people. More
voters to-day think of Senator Gordon
as probsble candidate for Vioe President
in 1880, than think of Conkling in con
neetion with any office.
Ooe of the things to be left undone,
or to ba half done, at this session, is the
preparation of a form of Govermeat for
this District. We sre now governed by
three strangers who were selected snd
appointed to nffiee by a fourth stranger.
We'have no Legislature, no elections, no
representative in Congress. The 160,-
000 people of this District—tbe f'flft* 1
of the model Republic—sre the only
e-|Ual number of people within the
bounds of civilization who ars taSed,
and left entirely witboat representation
Prubably this Congress will lesve us in
the same oondition. Here was an ex
cellent chance for Randall, MeMahon,
Sayler, Buekner, Eden, Potter, Stephens,
or some other of the numerous honest
and ambitions Democrats of the House
to expose a wrong, snd remedy it—ss
they might have done—simply by the
plain statement ot it. They may be
wiser after a re-election, whioh I hops
all of them will get. Rtx.
The reader* of this paper, and every
one visiting WioMon, ahoold not fail to
visit S. E. ALUM'S Hardware Store,
where they will be received ooortennely,
and waited upon in# polite sad accom
modating manner. There you can al
way* get rook bottom prices, it being
headquarters for sll grods in his lin«,
such aa Iron, Nails, Rope, Horse snd
Mule Shoes, Buggy and Wagon mate
rial, Mechanics' and Farmers' tools, also
Cooking and Heating Stoves. Bear this
in wind; it will tavo you mot-ey. „
Fledging Candidates.
It would be a remarkable state of
things if the people in the primary
meetings and county conventions were
not permitted to express themselves and
deelare their preferences.
How far they shall aotually instruct
or pledge their nominees to the support
of aoy man or measure, they mußt de
cide for themselves; but on the point
of requiring every Dea.ocratio candidate
to abide by the decision of a Demo
cratic cauous and support the party ao
tion determined on by the majority, there
can be no two opinions in the ranks of
the Democratic party.
This course has not been generally
pursued heretofore, the people of North
Carolina who are ao honest, conserva
tive aod party abiding people, hitherto
preferring to proceed on the presump
tion that one of their number chosen to
represent them could not abuse bis
trust, —that the word representative sig
nified ths carrying out of the will of the
people, and that will simply known was
sufficient.
But gentlemen elected to the Legisla
ture have not always so viewed the mat
ter, aod it. has ocourred that some have
exercised their discretion by consulting
their own individual preferences, and
oarried their exercise of private judg
ment to the extent of disobeying the
will and wish of the majority sscertained
and expressed in the caucus. In this
way party organisation has suffered, and
party discipline been set at naught
Generally speaking, fe representative
will not disappoint his constituents by
assuming the right to independent ac
tion, aod the number of gentlemen in
North Carolina who, as public agents,
would disregard what they felt and knew
to be the desire of their principals, is
small, and the plan of instructing rep
resentatives is rather a matter of precau
tion than a measure of necessity. But
the people have this year pretty geuer
ally adopted the plan of instructing their
representatives and they have the right
to pursue it.
It will go a long way toward the pre
servation and efficiency of Democratic
organization in the Slate if the people
settle down to the determination that
every candidate shall stand by the j arty
action in caucus. Iu fact, it this rule
does not prevail, and it never has as
absolutely i s it should, there can be no
porfect or effective organization of the
Democraoy with us. The Democratic
party, in the campaign of 1876, attain
ed to a moie perfect organization than
it had before enjoyed since the war, und
its victory was the most signal. Be
yond a doubt, the organization this year
will be more efficient than then, and the
viotory correspondingly more glorious
Raleigh A'eict.
Hot Bidiculous, at All Events.
One thing is changed, anyhow. The
investigation into the electoral frauds
has passed entirely out of the eategory
ol ridiculous things. No one seriously
disputes its grave importance any longer.
There was never very good ground for
ridiculing it. An investigation which
threatened to . zpose the invalidity of tbe
title to the Presidency of the mau who is
administering the office is hardly a
laughing matter. If a majority of the
voters have been chiatcd out of the
light of electing a Chief Kxecutive Mag
istrate, it would seem to be • wrong of
too much magnitude to be turned off
with a sneer.
Wo scarcely believe that even Mr.
John Sherman or Mr. Rutherford B.
Hayes feels like laughing very loud aud
fcry heartily over the investigation at
present, and as it proceeda the mirrors
of their private apartuirn'i will undoubt
edly often reflect wry faces
That the Presidency of the United
Stales was obtained for Mr Hayes, not
by houeut votes, but by fraud and a cor
rupt bargain, made in his name, it not •
thing to laugh at; and unless the evi
dence already before tbe committee shall
be disproved no one can doubt that it
was so obtaiucd.
We apprehend the solemnity of the
case to the parties immediately con
cerned will not diminish as it progresses
—Ac to York SHU.
▲ Plain Duty.
It cannot he expected that the result
of a convention, held itra cumy where
the party isio the ascendancy and where
there are varioaa aspirants for tl e «nuie
position, will give universal satisfaction.
All cannot be nominated, and »wie must
necessarily be disappointed The di»-
sntislaciion engendered is, however, gen
erally short-lived and soon forgotten in
the *>al and devotion to prinoip'e which
should guide our action. It ia through
party organiiition alone that our princi
ples can be carried o«t, and no true man
muH allow his peraoaal preference or
individual prejudices to override bis
party obligations. Han art transient,
while principles are eternal, and if they
are right aad worth contending for, true
and faithful adherents will not hesitate
to make some sacrifice for tbair defense.
Wilton Advance.
▲ Thrilling Affhir.
As much interest as there may be at
tached to the war between the contend
ing railroads in the Orand Canyon of the
Arkansas, no occurrence has happened
in that looality which has attracted so
muoh attention aed sympathy as sn aoci
dent whioh happened to Mrs. E. J. Mai
lett, of Canyon City, Mrs. Mallett is
an exoellent horsewoman, and having
great ooofideooe in her horsewomaoship,
started out last Sunday afternoon with
her husband and other friends on horse
back to visit tbe scene of operations in
tbe canyon. Of all the wonderful can
yons in Colorado, the Grand Canyon of
tbe Arkansas is the most awe inspiring.
The walls are two thousand feet high at
places, and almost perpendicular Be
fore operations were begun within them
by the railroad men no one ever at.
tempted to pass through the gorge ex
cept during the winter, and then on ice.
The laborers have, however, made paths
in the very sides of tbe immense preci
pices, and it was along one of these that
Mrs. Mailed and ber friends ware trM>»
eling. She rode a trust; horse, sod was
as composed as any of her party. They
bad proceeded to. a point beyond the
horse trail and were descending to a
steep hill. The path was a narrow one,
the walls of the canyon shooting far up
toward the blue, clear sky, and for hun
dred* of feet, until tbey dipped into the
disturbed water of the rapid-rolling Ar
kansas It was at this dangerous spot
that Mrs. Mallett's horse stumbled and
fell. There was no room for the leabt
falter. This was, therefore, a fatal step
Mrs. Mallett, with almost incredible pres
ence of miud, disentangled herself from
ber horse. Below her, in ten feet, was
a shelving rook, about fifteen inches
wide. This she struck and caught with
her bands With nerves that would
have mad'i the sterner sex proud of
manhood, the lady held on to the end ot
the rock, dangling in the air, gripping
it with desperation. Had she let go, her
neit lodgment would have been on an
other shelf .fifty feet below. To hold on
was therefore her only resort. With all
the dispatch possible, Mr. Mallett and
others came to her rescue, and succeeded
in taking her from the more than peril
ous situation almost uninjured, but ol
oourse very much exhausted.
Now oomes the strangest pirt of the
story The h>rse fell alsoJSnd lodged
on the same shelf to which bis
was clinging. In falling he had turned
completely around, but there be stood on
the narrow ledge of stone, hugging the
wall, and evidently reali(i> g his position,
if a horse ever realized anything He
did not stir a muscle, hardly breathing
. for an hour or more, until ropes strong
enough to take him up were sent for and
obtained at a oauip a mile distant. By
the time the-e arrived, fifty men or more,
who were engaged in tbe canyon, had
gathered along tbe trail, snd as msny of
them as oould m ike themselves useful
assisted in lilting the ar.imal up. He
seemed to realize fully that steps were
being taken tor his relief, and did not
move to make any resistance until be
was plaocd upon a sure footing in the
path.
The whole would have made
one for an artist Tbe escape of Mrs
Mallett, under the circumstances, is very
little less than miraeulous, snd that the
horse should have been saved is almost
incredible. The accident and rescue
have proven prolifio themes of conver
sation in Canyon, and the first report
oaused correspanding excitement. Mrs.
Mallett is the wife of Professor Mallett,
who is tbe priprietxr of the rdduotion
works at Canyon. Prof E J. Mallett
is the son ol Oen Edward J. Mallett,
formerly of Fayetteville, N. C., now of
New York.— Denver Tribune.
Accidental Homicide.
Mrs. Betsey Clemmons wss shot and
killed by her hasband oa the aigbt ol
the 2d of June. John Clemmons, her
husband, and two others, bad been drink
ing together, and Mr. Clemmons invited
them home with him to sn oyster sapper
After the supper —whioh was served in
tbe kitsben —Clemmons told them to go
home tbat he wanted to go to bed. This
they refused to do, and attempted to go
in the house, when a scuffle ensued
Clemmons got bis gun, and threatened
to shoot oae of tbem. Mrs. Clemmons
bearing tbe disturbance ran out and got
in between tbe parties, when one of tbem
struck tbe gaa, sad it went off, shooting
hsr io tbe leg, ontting an artery. Sbe
died in aboat half an hour.
The ooroner held an inquest over ber.
Their verdict was that she came to ber
death by a gan sbot in the bsnds of
Jobn Clemmons, while protecting bis
bouse from a forcible entry of tbe others.
The parties were then tried before a
magistrate, who aequitted them oa tbe
ground that it wss seeidental.— Raleigh
Obterocr.
Shot Dead in Her House.
A SCANDAL 111 FORT MILLIH FALLS FOLLOWBD
BY A TRAOKDY.
SARATOGA, Jane, 5 —The entire pop.
illation of tbo eastern part of Saratoga
county was aroused last night by the
murder of Mrs. Elisa Billings, daughter
of Mrs. Mary C. Harris of Fort Miller
Falls, and wife of Jesse Billings of the
same place. Fort Miller Falls ia a little
village situated a few milte north of
Schnylerville, Jesse Billings, the husband
of the murdered woman, is one of the
most influential men of the county. He
. owns a large number of oanal boats, and
ia estimated to be worth about $150,000.
He bears a bad reputation among hia
neighbors, and is strongly suspected of
being implicated in the murder. Mra.
Billings is sbout 40 years ol age. Bhe
leaves a daughter of eighteen years.—
Last night, at about half past eight
o'clook, Mrs. Billings, her daughter, and
a hired girl were in the sitting room, on
the south side of the Billings mansion.
Mrs. Billings sat on the east side of a
i, window ju|Jobg to the south, about thr®e
feet from the glass. Her daughter aat
opposite, with a table, on whioh was a
lamp, between them. The hired girl was
sealed further back in the room. The
blinds were olosed, but the slats were
turned open. While they were quietly
sitting there the report of a pistol waa
heard, and Mrs. Billings threw up her
hanils and sunk back, dying instantly,
without uttering a word. The neigh
borhood was immediately aroused, and
search for the murdered at once institut
ed. The ball was fired from a pistol, as
there was found a small hole in the lower
pune of the 'window. The murderer
stood in a thicket of yellow June rosea,
and extending his srui until it almost
touched the shutters, fired, the aim being
fatally true. The ball entered the left
side ol his victim's head, just over the
ear, and lodged in the brain. OJ the
shutters and window 'frame were a few
grains of burned powder.
Up to the (resent time no definite olue
has been discovered other than a man's
hut picked up on the highway some dis
tance north of the house. The general
belief of the neighbors is that Billings
either fired the fatal shot biuiself or paid
some one to do it. He and his wife
have always had more or less trouble,
and recently Billing has been rather too
attentive to a handsome young woman
about 21 years of age, the wife of Waller
Curtis, who occupies the rooms over Bil
liogs office. His wife bus made severe
and frrquaut attacks upon the character
of Mrs Curtis, who recently procured
an indticlmenl against Mrs Billings for
scandal. At the time of the murder
Billings was not at the house. He had
been ahuent all day, having departed
before Mrs. Billings and her daughter
had arisen in tbo morning. At about
noon on Tuesday Billings visited the
bouse of his mother in-law, Mrs. Harris,
at Fort Miller Falls, and demanded hia
dinner, it being the first time he had
been there in two years. Even on thia
visit he cursed the Harrises, and abused
the family generally. He returned
home late in the afternoon and left ia a
few moments to visit his farm back on
the hill. That was the last seen of him
by the family until a short time after
the murder, wb :n he entered the room
and threw himself on the floor in an
agony of grief. He was at the house of
a neighbor about one eighth of a mile
distant when the oews of the murder was
brought in. The suspicions are very
strong against him, and ha is perfectly
aware of it. He spends most of hia
time et his office, and seems to take tba
matter very coolly. Unless some elue ia
foua 1 very soon he will probably be ar
rested A Coroner's inquest will be held
tomorrow, and further faeta will proba
bly be elieited.
Murder and Buloide.
ATLANTA, June 4, —A special to the
Constitution states that a man named
Caldwell, near Americas, Gs , on yester.
day killed hia wife, three children, and
his wife's sister with a smoothing iron.
His two older ehildren were at sehool,
and one was in the field, and one little
one ran tinder the house and eseaped.
The murderer jumped into the well, hut
failing to materially injure bimaelf,
crawled out and got upon the top of the
dwelling house and jumped off, and waa
piekod up insensible by two negroea who
were attracted by his cries and geetieu>
latioos while on the house. He recov
ered in a short while and seat the ne
groes off for some neighbors, aad then
went to the gin house, olimbed to its
loftiest point, and threw himself bead,
long to the ground, expiring ahnoat ia*
stantly.
In the Honse of Representativee, Jane
&tb, Mr. Tucker «f Va, made a motion,
that the tax on tobacco be reduced to 16
cents per pound, which waa agreed to*
Yeas, 126; nays, 80.