GOOD ROADS.
Yen Ably Discussed By
Stale Geologist J. H. Pratf.
"A good road is one that is
good 365 days in the year."
The absolute necessity of a
system of good roads which will
make it possible not only for
every citizen of this State to
market his products at the least
cost, but lessen the present enor
mous tax which each citizen who
travels the highways of North
Carolina now pays to bad roads,
is being realized by all thought
ful citizens.
The North Carolina Geological
and Economic Survey has collect
ed data relating to road work in
the State during 1011, and some
of this data will lie of interest
and profit to those who are inter
ested in studving and finding a
solution for this problem.
Road Mileage.
Number of miles of public road
in the State 48,235
Number of miles of improved
road (macadam, sand-clay, grav
el or specially surfaced) 3.41 M
Number of miles of improved
road built during 1911 1,092'.
Road Revenue.
Amount of special tax collect
ed for roads during'll $1,406,354
Amount of free labor (rate
at $1 per day per hand) and of
convict labor (valued at cost of
keeping and guarding con
victs) £916,000
Value of bonds issued during
1911 for roads £857,000
Total amount spent in North
Carolina during 1911, money and
labor $3,239,357
By Whom Spent.
This money is spent, as a rule,
by the county commissioners, but
in special cases, by township
commissioners, county road com
missioners, or township road
commissioners.
Maintenance.
It is a matter of common
knowledge that the present sys-
LUNG DISEASE
"After four in our family had died
of consumption 1 was taken with
a frightful cough and lung trouble,
but my life was saved anal gained
87 pounds through using
DR. KING'S
NEW
DISCOVERY
W. R. Patterson, Wellington, Tex.
Brown Rogers
Company
Everything In
hardware
Galvanized and Felt Roofing,
Cortright Shingles, Lewis'
White Lead and Oil, Sherwin-
Williams Paints, Oliver, Chat
tanooga and Lynchburg Plows,
Cane Mills, Galvanized Pans,
Grain Drills, Harrows, and
full line of Farming Tools,
Stoves, Ranges, Pipe, etc.
Brown-Rogers Co.,
Winston-Salem, N. C.
s?nl s Shoe Store
436 Liberty St.
WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.
! tem of road maintenance, carried
ion in many counties by free
I labor, results in nothing of per
j inanent value and seldom afi ,rds
j even temporary relief I'rom bad
| conditions; so that the enormous
| amount expended for this pur
: pose (at least §BOO,OOO per year)
i is practically thrown away.
Cost of Bad Raads
It has been estimated that the
| present system of bad roads is
annually costing the people
! (principally the farmer) over
1312,000,000 increased cost of
j hauling a similar load over an
i improved road. (See Economic
! Paper No. 27 of the North Caro
| lina Geological "and Economic
Survey, pages 72-128).
While such a condition cannot
j be immediately eliminated, yet it
iis felt by all thoughtful citizens
that steps should be taken to
gradually do away with this hur
' densome indirect tax even if it is
necessary to impose a direct tax,
| infinitely small in comparison.
Defects of Present System.
1) Administrative. The men
selected for carrying on the road
i work in the majority of the coun
; ties are untrained for this kind
of work. Technical skill is ab
| solutely essential in road location,
construction, and maintenace.
i The idea has prevailed that any
] one could build a road, and that
| the roads could be maintained by
i the poorly directed and desultory
work of free labor. In a great
many cases where roads have
been built with money raised
by bonds or special tax, they
have not been properly built and
have cost too much, principally
because they were not built by
trained and experienced road
engineers.
(2) Improper Locations. A
j great many of the so-called
public roads of the State were
located by the Indians, or by
sheep and cattle. For this reason
a great many of the public roads,
before being surfaced, should be
relocated, as the location of a
road is the permanent part of it,
and once done right it would
never have to be done again. In
road location it has been the ex
perience in other States that bet
ter results can be obtained
through State engineers. There
is a tendency for the county
engineer to be biased by local
politics rather than controlled by
the factors which should deter
mine the location of a road,
i (3) Lack of Uniformity in
j County Road Laws. Quite a
number of the counties have
special road laws at the present;
time, and in most cases the pro
visions of these laws do not ad- j
mit of systematic and effective
road work. They were framed
by men unversed in the art of road
building, and hence the laws are
not practical. The result is that
there is a very dissimilarity in I
the road laws of the various,
counties, and it is believed that |
if they were more homogeneous j
much better and more economical i
results would be attained. By
having a uniform road law ap
plying to all the counties of the
State, with just enough varia
tions to adjust it to varying local
physical conditions, it would be j
possible to work out a systema- j
tic method of road administra- j
tion and construction which j
would insure more economical j
and efficient results to the State
as a whole.
THE iMNBUKY REPORTER
(J) Lack of Maintenance. This
|is principally the result of the
time - honorjd, but inefficient,
method of free laborstill in exist
ence in many of the counties.
Every road has to be maintained,
regardless of the surfacing ma
terial. The minute a road is
finished maintenance should bo-,
gin, or it will not be very long
before the surfacing material
will begin to wash away and the
road go to oiecas.
(5) Inadequate appropriation
for State aid in the form of engi
neering assistance and for test
ing road materials.
Suggested Remedies.
1. Have in each county a Road
Commission, non-political, the
members to ba chosjn. be
cause of their integrity anil busi
ness ability.
2. Have a uniform «■ >unty rui.d
law which provide for the organ
ization of the road force of til -
county on a business like basi.-.
having a R»ad Superintends
whose ability for'such an office,
would meet with the approval
of the State Highway Engineer,
to whom he would be responsible
for the quality of the work done
Such a Superintendent should
. have under him supervisors, fore
man, etc., such as are needed to
carry on the county work
| efficiently.
3. State Aid to ? i.- counties in
the form of eng l .taring assistan
ce. Anappropi i rion of £50,000 a
' year to the Highway Department
oi the State Geological and Eco
'nomfc Survey would be sufficient
|at the present time to meet the
! requirements from the counties
for such assistance. The advan
tages of this form of State Aid
would be:
a. A better class of engineers
i than the individual countv could
afford to employ.
b. A saving in engineer's ex
penses, as State engineers could
do the engineering work for
more than one county, whereas
if each county employed its own
engineer total cost for such work
in 100 counties would amount to
at least §150,000 per year, and
without as good results.
c. Each State engineer would
be efficiently supervised, where
as the county engineer is respon
sible only to county authorities,
and in most cases such author
ities have not the expsrt know-
B| *B' is for
flf Bliaa stands for
88 best—best family \Z£g.
■S rcadiolne.
Bliss Native Herbs
13 otrikes at the root of
M disease by purifying
H the blood.
QEr It restores wasted BW
ffl tissues: strengthens Jy
E/l every organ.
p*! A tablet at
f ri •"? t, morning feeling
f ; V Faithfully used will
teg bacLih Rheumatism,
rTj r.-.t Ipation, Dyspep- i*.
• ; F A. Ki-.lnoy AND Liver
.' -.J Ro sura you Beoure iSH
# , '.ii i genuine Bliss Native gB?
-f! H»rb3—in a yellow box !■
'y • bearing the portrait of
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"J 200 tablets 8100. t/K
'•".-'nay back if not fSi
Ani the Bliss
JAS. F. HALL,
RURAL HALL, N. C. ROUTE 2.
ledge which would make them
capable judges of the work done, i
(See Economic Paper No. 27 of
the North Carolina Geological ]
and Economic Survey, pages 1
128-130.)
4. In every county general
scheme for road work should in- 
eluded a provision for constant 
maintenance, not only of the im- i
proved surface roads (macadam, ■
sand-clay, and gravel) but of ad i
the dirt roads, through the time- '
ly and constant use of the split i
log drag.
5. Do away with the free
labor tax. !.
(>. Use all county convicts in ;
a county chain gang under the
general supervision of the Coun
ty Road Superintendent. Use
all State convict on a state road
force to be employed in buil iing
links of state roads where the
counties are not in a financial
position to build such links, as
in portions of the Centra! High
laflargue
PIANO
ft jh - { r
|jj _ |
i
| Excells in Purity of Tone and j
Durability of Construction.
Cataogue Free-
Write Department S.
R. J. BOWEN & BRO.
Winston-Salem, N. C.
We carry a complete line of
Edison Phonographs and Re
cords. Write lor catalogue of
new records.
r Before we tell yon about tbe boy and his air rifle, we
want you to hear about Liggett Sf Myers Duke's Mixture
—the tobacco that thousands of men find "just right" for
a pipe—tbe tobacco that makes "rolling" popular.
This favorite tnhacco is fine old Virginia and North
Carolina bright leaf that has been thoroughly aged, fiV
stemmed —and then granulated. It has the true tobacco
taste, for the very simple reason that it is pure tobacco. yA
Pay what you will—it ii impossible to get a purer or more kW
likeable smoke tlmn Duke's Mixture. It isnowa Liggett $ Myers K|
leader, aod is unsurpassed in quality.
WW In every 6c sack there Is one and a half ounces of splendid
tobacco—and with each lack you get a book of cigarette papers
RH fkkb. SM
How the Boy Got Hit Air Rifle
In every sack of the Liggstt J Myert Duke's Mixture we now MM
pack a Free Present Coupon. These Coupons are good for all Kfl
kinds of useful articles—something to please every member of
the family. There are skates, sleds, balls and bat*, cameras, tun- M
brellas, watches, iountaiu pens, pipes, W4
As a special offer, during Jan
vary and February only, we /
tvill send you our new illus- / /
trated catalogue of presents, r f isrjMßgW
FREE. Just send us your name i»WS/i l /|l|ffiMßB f
CcMp'int from Bute's Mijrturtmaybe r . | ■
asscrttrt rvith tajri from HORSESHOE, l/l L
Wm *■ T.. TINSLEY'S NATURAL LEAF. UML
VA GRANGER TWIST, a*hmt from fIEWPSIr jTjf \
FOUR ROSES UOc-tin double coufon). UH|fflL f"
M PICK PLUG CUT. PIEDMONT UUfWtSL TTI
g CIGARETTES. CUX CIGARETTES. MmU
und oiktt last or coupons unW *» M. BttfcjUAaKnb /
Liiifl^Sl
way. In such roads all the
counties are more or less in
terested in seeing the road com
pleted as a whole. (See Econo
mic Paper No. 27, pages 131-
132.)
7. State Aid to counties in
connection with the the issuance
of bonds, the State to lend its
credit to the county in accordance
with the plan outlined in Econo
mic Paper No. 27, pages 132-148.
This method of financing roads
is also discussed by Mr. W. S;
Wilson in a paper read before
the North Carolina Good Road
Association, whose proceedings
are give in Economic Papjr No
30 on the North Carolina Geolo
gical and Economic Survey.
In brief the plan is this : The
county as a rule has to pay 5 per
cent on its bonds; the Stat.: can
readily obtain money at 4 per
cent. Let the county issue its
bonds and let them be taken
over by the State at 5 per
then issua th'? same amount of
bonds at 1 per cent arid the dif
ference in interest of 1 per cent
: which the county pays to the
State in excess of what the
State has to pay, will, when
placed at compound interest,
! retire the bonds without the
! county's paying anything ad
; ditional.
his Stomach Troubles Over.
Mr. Dvspeptic, would you not
| like to feel that your stomach
i troubles were over, that you
i could eat any kind of food you
| desired without injury ? Tint
jmay seem so unlikely to you
; that you do not even hope for
an ending of your trouble, but
! permit us to assure you that it is
! not altogether impossible. If
others can be cured permanently,
and thousands have been, whv
i not you? John R. Barker, of
Creek, -Mich., is one of them.
He savs, "I was troubled with
heartburn, indigestion, and com
i plaint until I used Chamberlain's
Tablets, then my trouble was
over." Sold by all dealers, \
P. W. Gunter,
PROFESSIONAL BARBER
King, N. C.
Ail kinds first class barber
work done. Barbel shop open
at all hour?.
I). H. MARTIN. Jeweler,
Stuart, V'a.
All work guaranteed satisfactory
DR. ChAS. L. MARTIN
Dentist.
Office over Madison Drug
Co.. Madison, N. C.
W. G. Jerome
Real Estate and Insurance
Winston-Salem, N. C.
50C Wachovia Rank & Trust
Building. Phone 083.
FOR SALE Several farms near
Winston-Salem. All kinds of city
: property. Life, health, accident
and fire insurance.
W. READE JOHNSON
Attorney-at-Law.
Masonic Temple.
WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.
Will practice in hoth State and
Federal Court*.
11111 l II —^
 ChAS. O. McMICHAKI., J. E. S AINTSINQ,
Went worth. tteidivllle.
I M'MICHAEL & SAINTSINO,
! Att r»e>t> and Coiirist.'llurs fit Law.
! Practice in St ite and Federal
Courts. All business given
prompt attention. Chas. O. Mc-
Michael will be in Madison on
Saturdays, at his old office over
the post office.
DR. M. V. HORTON,
Dentist,
Is now back in his old location,
corner 3rd and Main Streets,
Wachovia Bank & Trust Co.
building.
WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.
Rooms: 301, 302, 303.
DR. THOMAS W. DAVIS.
Eye, Ear, Nose and Tbroat.
Office 405-7 Masonio Temple,
Winston - Salem. N. C.
Hours : 9to 12:30, 2to 4 and
by appointment.
REID P. JOYCE,
Liveryman,
WALNUT COVF N. C.
Good Safe Teams nd Careful
Drivers
DONALD. D. HAWKINS
Attorney-at-Law
4th Floor Wachovia Bank
Building,
Collections a Specialty.
WINSTON-SALEM, N. C.
R. R. ROGERS j. i. FULTON
ROGERS & FULTON,
LAWYERS.
| Offices Jones Building, Liberty St.
Winston-Salem, N. C.
J. W. HALL,
Attorney-at-Law,
DANBURY, N. C.
Will practice in all courts,
both State and Federal.
Office over Martin' sstore.
JOHN D. HUMPHREYS,
Attorney-at-Law,
DANBURY, N. C.
Prompt attention to all business
entrusted. Will praotioe in all
State courts.
Dr. J. A. McClung, Dentist.
Office—7ol-702 Wachovia Bank
Building.
Phone 420- Hours 9to 1, 2to 5
WINSTON-SALEM. N. C.
SEE P. L CULLER
lief ore painting your house und
»ret the advantage of twelve
yearn experience In painting
and paper hanging, ('analao
nave you money on the Old
Famous Stag Paint.
P. O. KING. X. C.
ijulektitep phone on 0(11 ton
division.