THE MU PROBLEM;
_''
Many Reaeers Speak Out Con- ]
cerning Recent Progressive |
Farmer Utterance I'r.cinjr Set- j
tlement of Negroes in Separate j
Communities. h
From all over the South, as'
we said in last week's PracKS-r
sive Farmer, and even lrom
ouside the South, letters have i
c >me tu us concerning our re-'
• ciiu editorials on the race pro
blem.
We idvocated. it wiil be re
membered. no such extreme:
legislation as Califonia has
adoped t.i ai-1 in solving it si'
tritling race problem that
State declaring in etLct ihatn
no one but \» kite people shall, I
own land in that State. Wed;'
urge, however, for the good of j •
both races, that the Negroes M
shall buy lard in settlements oi > ]
their own. As we said last
week, fifty Negro families and ; •
fifty white families together in ]'
a district can ha e only half 1 :
as good schools for either race as
they could have if all the fami-: i
lies were of ">ne race: and with |;
regard to churches, libraries.,
co-operative societies, social;
meetings, and nearly all other
agencies of vital civilization the
same thing is true. To have
half the community composed of
a separate race cuts in half all
the social power for progress,
besides driving thousands and
thousands of white families
from the country. To make)
our position perfectly clear it i
may be well to repeat what we j
said in our issue of June 7.
"The plain fact is that in j
thousands of communities in t.hej
South, the Negro fanners art
not only subjecting the white
farmers to more or less disas-1
irons economic competition by
their lower standards of living,
but in manv sections the grow-1
ir.g number of Negroes is driv- :
ing the white people to the;
towns f«*r social reasons. When
the '.'lute population in a com-1
mui.ify becomes too small or
t.n> -cattiered, when the white
1 >-r's wife and children tind
ir. tte regro>* neighbor's than |
.. hi'f "Hghlvrs around '.hem. a>
i• r." is motive is given for!
v;i\ and if the farmer!
will probably
i " i j' a sacrific;- 1 be-1
• . • , white tanners have 1
t - !i and do not)
e >■■■;' ! ••id in a predomin- ;
i
v.t; N i community. Such,
is tii" N gro'h flagrantly unfair j
ad'. '>■ ta-.:*.: fur driving white;
peop : a out of the farms and
taking 'he rural South for him
self."
A Flashlight On Tha Alabama
"Black Melt."
Our first letter is from a farm- i
er in the Alabama "Black Belt"
which gives a vivid glimpse of
conditions as they exist in some
parts of the South. Says thiis
correspondent :
"After reading your articles
in The Progressive Farmer in
reference to the Negro problem,
I wish to commend the stand
you have taken and trust others
may fie encouraged to take up
this question for solution.
*'l live on the rich paririe belt
of .western,. Alabama. The
farms are large, some planters
owning as much as 5,000 acres.
One white to 100 Negroes is
abojit the proportion. The
N groes 'rent the land and are
anced' by the landowner.
Regardless of what the Negro s
makes, he is brought out be-, r
hind by Iris landlord who holds a
mortgage on his stock. To my l
knowledge negroes have cleared c
$."00 that were brought out *75 \
in dt bt. This is for the purpose 1
of lidding them for another
year. But all this isforegnto'*
to what I had intended to say. |
"I wish to corroborate your ,
statement in reference to a ,
many white families moving to I
town owing to the social con- '
ditions being unsatisfactory with
so many Negroes present. A (
! great many have left this com- |
inanity fm Mobile. Birmingham,
Columbus, and other places :
for tin/, very reason. >oci«: '
conditions are not all -atistac
i
toi'y.
"It is difficult to locate North
ern immigrants, tho lots of*
land is lying idle, owing to the
preponderance of negroes.
Tho inter-marriage is prohibit
ed. there is ;> mixed lot of 'yel
low legs' growing up that will
test the supremacy of the white u
race in a few generations if it \ j
continues. After long education ,
and association I fear thellegi- t
latures of the South will not
have the courage or the backing ,
the California Legislature had. 1
But the problem must be met ,
some time, the sooner the betteri s
for all parties concerned." 1
This letter gives a glimpse of
two of the worst features of the
present situation first, the (
temptation to the baser sort of
i white men to take advantage of
i Negro's ignorance, and secondly, j
] what is the real danger to white!
isupremacy in the South as a,
j whole, namely, the mixing of j
! the races. We have had great
i '
"white supremacy campaingns
! to do awav with Negro suffrage,
j hut there has never been a day ;
when white supremacy in the
South was imperilled one-ten
j thousandth part as much by
] negro ballot as it is by this
I "vilest and ugliest phase of the'
whole as Hon. Maurice L. Evans,
called it in an interview with!
•
the writer last year. As he said ,
then :
"The white men who are re-1
sponsible for mingling white'
l)!ood with black should be the 1
I
objects of your severest criticism.
Your white women should treat j
such a man as if he were a
I N'ogro. .. . These are the men |
; whose lives constitute the great-'
est menace to the purity of our
; lil ioil, and they should be treat-1
!"d as traitors to their color and ;
11 heir country."
Our next letter is from Prof. ;
.1 I). Harris, Burkeville, Va., I
I
and brings out the interesting j
fact that farmers in Nottaway I
County, Va.. have set apart a'
day to discuss thisquestion Saysi
Prof. Harris.
"I am very much interested in
! your articles on the race problem
:in the South. All thinking and
observing men agree with you
and welcome a free discussion of
. this question. This week I was
invited to make an address to
the farmers' club in this coun-
Mty (Nottoway) on 'Rural Prob
»i lems' and in the course of my
,' remarks I referred to your
1 ; articles on the Negro question
3 1 and to my surprise a large num
; ber of farmers said they had
read your first article and the
same had put them to thinking
t seriously. The chairman of this
3 meeting called my attention to
3 the fact that the heautiful little
graded school building in which
the meeting was being held was
surrounded on three sides by
s property owned by Negroes. He
9 farther stated that he had re
. cent/y put his 400 acre farm on
THE DANBURY REPORTER
sale on account of the encroach- '
ment of the negroes. . r
"These men are so much* in-,
terested in the solution of this (
problem that they have set a!
day in July on which date they
will discuss this question ful
ly
' It is surprising to see how
eager the Negro is to acquire j
land ami with what tenacity he i
holds to it after he has once got
ten hold of it. The cashier of
our local bank tells me that there
is no better loan for his bmk jj
than a small loan to Negroes
with their property as collateral
security. They always meet
this obligation to save their little
property.
"Segregation seems to be '.lie
solution of the problem. 1 want
to commend you warmly for j
the stand you have taken on this
most vital question and 1 bid you
t >od speed.
Keep Harrows Going
Till September.
I always break in the fall or
early winter, using two or three
horses, every acre 1 can that is
not in a cover crop- This is best
done with a disk plow.
The fields are frozen through
the winter ami pulverized by
the frost. Then when spring
comes take the three-horse disk
and double-disk thoroughly;
then run the smoothing harrow
to get the seed-bed firm and
level. When the plants first
i begin to appear. I take the
weeder or light smoothing liar- j
i row and go across the rows. I
repeat this cultivation every;
1 three or four days, going a.
j slightly different way each time. |
(until the plants are from four
to six inches high.
The soil should now be in the
best shape for cultivation. I
now take a two-horse ridintr
cultivator and the first time go
from three to four inches deep
and close enough to sift the
loose soil around the plants. I
never want to take a plow into
j the fields after the crop is
| planted. As the plants grow, i
i the cultivator should get shal-1
lower at each cultivation. When 1
j the time comes for the average
farmer to "lay-by," I am cul- |
tivating my crop with only one
section of the smoothing harrow
going once to the middle.
I have done this kind of
! cultivation for the last two
years and am so well pleased j
with it I do not expect to stop 1
the late, shallow, frequent.
| cultivation My corn this last;
summer was green and growing i
during the dry months of July |
and August. I did not stop the j
I harrow until the first of Sep- i
i tember. I was told I was only j
i wasting time and money: but I
began to see other fields of corn I
near by, that had been planted
j three or four weeks after mine, j
burning and turning vellow for
' the want of moisture, and be
i cause of dee]) cultivation, while
1 my field just across the road,
which had been cultivated shal-1
r low, and the smoothing harrow
. run through the middle, was
i
i green and growing during the
- hot dry season —FRED L «IB
' BON, in The Progressive
3 ! Farmer.
> i
3
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j
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