THE NEW ERA
ROBINSON, MURPHY & Co.,
EDITORS AND PROPRIETORS.
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VOL.
SELECTED POETRY.
From the Ohio Farmer.
A VISION.
BY W. H. TAYLOR.
On a mountain I sat whose summit rose high
At its foot ran a river, o’er its head bent the sky,
And flow’rets were bending,
That clear river o’er,
And wavelets were sending
Their kisses ashore ;
And thrushes were ringing
Their love through the trees,
And the river was “ singing
Itself to the seas;”
And odors were gushing
From the buds of the thorn,
And the east was all blushing
With the crimson of morn.
Then I looked far away up that beautiful river,
Till I saw from the high lauds a thousand rills quiver,
And they merrily leaped
Till they minglingly fell,
In the arms of that river
In a beautiful dell;
In rapture I followed
The waters along,
In their beauty and gladness,
Their freedom and soug.
And my heart followed on
With a gladsome emotion,
Till they sank with" a sigh,
In a fathomless ocean.
And while I sat musing a visitor came,
With the form of an angel—but told not her name,
“ Would’st of the vision ?”
She sweetly enquired—
And I knew by her tongue,
She was surely inspired,
“ The rill that thou see’st
Descending the mountain,
Are the emblems of youth,
From life’s sparkling fountain;
And the broad river flowing
In glory and power,
A picture of manhood
In his loftiest hour.”
A vision of life ! I exclaimed with emotion,
And the sea where it falls, is Eternity's Ocean.
“OLI) FRIENDS MET TOGETHER.”
Oh, time is sweet, when roses meet,
With Spring’s sweet breath around them,
And sweet the cost, when hearts are lost,
If those we love have found them I
And sweet the mind that still can find
A star in darkest weather,
But nought can be so sweet to see
As old friends met together.
ojuioun “
knowin
■fl whenieed it.
TRc
h grey ea^
^..hat meets us nottp
A'-' weather—
vor be K ^-t to see
Theyew long known, that years have shown,
With hearts that friendship blesses;
A hand to cheer, perchance a tear,
To soothe a, friend’s distresses!
That, helped and tried—still, side by side—
A friend, to face hard weather—
Oh, thus may we yet joy to see,
And meet old friends together!
AGRICULTURAL.
From the American Farmer.
AS TO THE PROPER APPLICATION OF
MANURE.
Tarboro’, N. C., Nov. 15, 1852.
Dear Sir:—Allow me to trouble you with a
few questions upon a subject which isjust now
attracting considerable attention among the plan
ters of this region—
1. Which is the better mode of applying ma
nure, broadcast, or in the drill?
2. What is the custom in the highly cultivat
ed countries of the old world ?
3. What^ is the custom in the New-England
States? What is the custom in the Middle
States ?
1 our attention to these querries is respectfully
requested, at an early date. Panola, Ju.
Replies by the Editor.
1. If the general improvement of the soil be
the object, which ought to be the object with
■every good farmer, there can be no question but
that broadcast maauring, is iutiwiitely preferable
to manuring ia tire drill or bill. If the crop to
be grown be corn, broadcast manuring is the
best, and for the following reasons:—Eh-e lateral
roots of the corn extend from row to.^^ 1
^C^W^te^Wtretfie'ends of such lateral roots,
80 that they can derive but little, if any benefit’
from manure placed in the hill or drill- when
ever such rootse^end beyond the limits’of such
places of d^^t, they are cut off from the sour-
ces o'-.uteimeutal supply." Bnt if the manure
ik® y dl8t " buted throughout the soil, wher-
' 8r 'ite^d thT y trave '’ W ' vl,itl,CTS ° 8 ver they
/ ' the T 0011,8 m contact with food,and
NNf Ihe 11 01 T 0 1,1 ^ U1Xs: "g * of thegrewth
of the reach thl 7 "Wheel, they are out
leacn ot the manure intends M A
& te greatiy
drills, th. dr Ils are the proper places for manure
much f a f 0018 these cro P s d ° "of reach
much, if any, beyond the limits of the drills k
tbe“ ' v111 al ""' ys be " ith in the ™g 8 0f
pra 2 ctised E tlf? nd ’ '' her ? dril ' c " k " rei8 ™»st
ma ! lu,e 18 de P osi ted in the drills
There the urnrp , s to her farmers, wh a t the
corn crop ts to us; but as the roots of the turn n
o not extend as do those of the corn, some three
t ct ’ thereis “° anal °g'' AatXX
3 tew e °! f th ° tW0 “"''tries. In Eng.
too, they apply the manure in the drills
same reason, to crops of potato,
TEEMS OF ADVERTISING.
DEVOTED TO THE INTERESTS OF EDUCATION, AGRICULTURE, AND TRE MECHANIC ARTS—INDEPENDENT IN POLITICS AND RELIGION.
GOLDSBORO’, N. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 31, 1853.
NO. 47.
For one square, not exceeding fourteen lines, t-1 for
thefirst, and 25 cents for each subsequent insertion,
those of greater length in proportion. Contracts for
advertising by the year will be made on favorably
terms.
Advertisements sent without stating the number of
times they are to be published, will be continued till
forbid, and charged accordingly.
To ensure proper attention, all communications and
letters on business must be addressed to the Editor*
post-paid.
gold wurtzel, &c. But though they there ma
nurein the drills to these crops, almost univer
sally, so far as the culture of the turnips are
concerned, the land may be said to be broad
cast manured also; for the turnips are eaten off
the ground in hurdles by the sli'eep, which in
dropping the manure, ma' be said to do so by
the broadcast plan. Turnips precede wheat, so
that this latter crop may be said to be manured
both broadcast and in the drills; broadcast by
the sheep, and in the drills at the time of seed
ing. Indeed, the manure given to the turnips 1
may be said to be broadcasted also, as the drills
being but from 9 to 12 inches asunder,' the pro
cess of cross-ploughing effects a very general
distribution of the manure throughout the soil.
3. The farmers of New-England vary in their
methods of applying their manure, as well as the
farmers of other States; some apply it broadcast
—others in the hill. But then they tend but a
few acres, compared with the farmers and plan
ters of the Middle and Southern States, and are,
therefore, enabled to give much more manure to
their crops than those of the latter States. Some
corn growers
manure both
always do—first, to secure general fertility to
the soil, and secondly, to urge forward the growth
of the plants when young.
EFFECTIVE ACTION OF MANURES.
Nothing has had a more retarding influence
of calculating and pronouncing with precision,
in advance, the resultof the application of mere
theoretical estimates. Farmers have been told
that analysis would show the exact comp )sition
of their soils, and its wants; that if any ingredi
ent should be deficient, the chemist could point
out with the accuracy of mathematics, the sub
stance and the quantity that would restore its
fertility, without restoring to the random and
empirical course of applying a whole set of ferti
lizers in the shape of common manure. Experi
ments of this sort have been abundantly tried ;
ly published; most of them have failed, and the
failures have slowly found their way among the
intelligent portion of the farming community.
W e admit that at first view, the chemical theo
ry appears exceedingly plausible, and promises
the most satisfactory results. But there are a
number of circumstances which were inadverten-
ly overlooked, and which, had they been taken
into account and properly appreciated, would
have furnished the strongest grounds for doubt
ing this beautiful theory.
of fertilizing ‘ii.mrejh-ni.s, or eyo” ♦'• - 1 ’ ■ '
condition of those...],,, ..,,. , ’
most eminent scientific
and practical cultivators of our country, where
the complete criming ofthe clods of an adhe
sive soil,and grinding together with them into
powder the manure applied to the land, produ
ced an affect upoif the subsequent crop fire times
as great as the ordinary operation of manure.—
How absurd it must be to make strict calcula
tions on the result of a given quantity of yard
manure,, without ever inquiring into the mode of
application—whether on the one hand bv spread
ing in large unbroken lumps, carelessly am I im
perfectly plowed under, and in a condition whol
ly useless for plants, or even detrimental in ease
of drouth--or on the other by a thorough har
rowing of the soil and manure together, before
turning under, and a repetition ofthe operation
when necessary afterwards for complete inter
mixture. We have known the most admirable
results by this practice, where nothing but fresh
coarse manure could be obtained for succulent
garden crops, and nearly a total failure under
like circumstance without its performance. Even
the time of year that manure has been carted on
the land, has sometimes had an injurious bear
ingon the success uf its application, simply by
the packing and hardening resulting from trav
elling over its surface when in a wet and adhe
sive condition. It is a perfectly self-evident truth,
that a mixture of unburnt brinks and clods of
manure, would afford immeasurably less susten
ance to the fine and deJieate fibres'of growing
plants, than the same mixture ground down tie
gather into a fine powder. Hence it may be
reasonably believed that the general introduc
tion and free use of pulverizers, as the most ef
fective harrows, clod crashers and subsoilers, as
sisted by tile-draining, may be of greater bene
fit to the whole country than the imnortarinn
The chief reason of the extraon
of liquid manuring, is the complel
which the enriching particles are
in solution through every f^^fi '
mixing die solid bar s
to the old mod
’Te volurn-
merely of fresh manure
land of phosphates and
ter, and hence has been |n ^
Ine only doubt of tl
le
organic mat
ontintued.—
improved mode of apply
the score of cost in carttee- it
much better than the common
propriety of the more
merle of maniir
mixing ingredients of soils, as well as the resto- i culiivated this field since it has been in my pos- 1
ration of these by special manures. But inde-| session, but think that it will bring about five J
pendently of several difficulties arising from the i barrels of corn per acre without any manure.— | called alumine or alumina. Tins last when ob-
variable nature of tb& soil of the same field, and i Please let me know which you think 1 had bet- tained in a pure state is a powder of a whitish
the very different results in growth which a I ter use, and oblige,
very truly,
ration of these by special manures.
CLAY.
Clay is composed of silica and another body
slightly different chemical condition of those in-
gredients may give, showing that all the sugges
tions of science in chemical agriculture must be
submitted to rigid experiment—independent; of
these considerations, all experiments based on the
analysis of soils and the use of fertilizer wlo.^e
constituents are determined, which do not Like
into full consideration their mechanical textire,
can not fail to result in the utmost uncertaiity.
W hen in addition to this, it is remembered cat
a large portion of the fertility of many ofThe
best soils of the country, are in a great degree
lost by their coarse and miserable mechaueal
condition, resulting from hasty and imported til
lage and from the wnn* of thorough uuder-'kY;i-
ing, it must be admitted that while much of die
little, las
From the Charleston Mercury
GYPSUM AS A FERTILIZER.
Greenwood, Jan. 20, 1853.
Dcar Sir: Your letter of the 20th
Youi
I color; it is distinguished by the facility
1 which it absorbs water.
Riciiard Ashby.
If the field of onr correspondent was limed as
he states four years ago, it is probable that the
fertilizer he speaks of would lell better than
would an additional quantity of lime at the pres
ent time. If there be any doubt of its having
been limed, we would advise him to dress with
ry where of the same color. It is often of a red
dish hue: this is owing to the oxyde of iron it
contains. If it contains a large proportion of
hurnus, it becomes black, and loses its color by
calcination.
-- , -^ .■„«.« ««.i^ turn uv Mi^oo wiKu I Clayey soils have as their distinguishing char-
both the one and the other, as we hold it to be ! acter the adhesiveness of their parts, (due to the
philosophically true, that lime should be the - plastic property of the alumine they contain) and
base ot every attempt to improve land that may this property alone will enable the inexperienced
have been exhausted by long continued or ini
i'/oper culture; but in saying so, we wish to b'
these thrive best on the poorest soils. Every
practical farmer knows that if additional fertility
be given to the soil, they disappear magically.
However industrious and energetic a farmer
may be, he cannot continue to cultivate a farm
exceeding one hundred acres and preserve its
natural fertility by manures made on the farm.
He attempts an impossibility and must fail.
Through the agency of shade, every farmer
may fertilize every acre of land which he is able
t» cultivate. In this consists the perfection of
agriculture.—Dr. T. Baldwin.
'h’-Hnctly maLr.stood, as not desiring to encour
age the idea that lime, una sisted by animal ma
nure, will improve worn-out. lands." A soil well
filled with organic matter, in a partially insolu
ble state, will be highly benefitted until such
time as such materials shall become exhausted
to discriminate rhein, A still’ Gay when dried
by eithe- natural or artificial means becomes -o
valuable for tin
On account of the tenacity of such soils, they
are tilled with more difficulty than the freer
soils. They reomre. to Turtilue them, a .aiver
j ny the force and action of the lime. Among the i proportion of manures,; but they retain the ef-
i best eflects of this mineral, is that of enconrag- | feels of the-e manures for a longer time. They
mg the decomposition of the inert matters in the ; are better suited to the cultivation ofpiants with
so l, and rendering them tributary as the food of I fibrous tuan with fleshy roots, or tuners.
plants. But when this office shall have beep Soils of this class as of every other possess
performed, unless a resupply of materials shall I many degrees ofnaiurui lerilitv. The Door clays
f E^ have been given to the soil, the evidences of mel-
Gypsum, and the benefits resulting from it, cam !
to hand in due time. I deferred answering von 1
will only be so long as the substances to be ac
ted upon shall be in the soil, Lands limed
form for ti e most part an unprofitable soil, be
cause while tl eir powers of production are in
considerable, the expenses of tilling them are
inquiries at that time, from the fact that I could ^b’-’uld also receive nutritive manures and be
erally of little depth, and rest upon a retentive
incuts were not conducted with more
the exact difference in the yield in a given q 1 .1
tity of land. I have always been particular in'
recommending anything new in agriculture, unp
practical and profitable to the cause of agrici
lure, and I have availed myself of the use of tl'
columns of the Mercury, that others may be ii
duce a great revolution in the production of coll
ton in this State, And 1 would here remark
that no one experiment (however well condm
ted) should be received as conclusive evidenced
its practical utility, until it has been tried two o
three years; and-too much care not to be take
in noticing the different seasons and the variou
From the New England Farmer.
INDEPENDENCE OF THE FARMER.
to be independent. We have lawyer:
ans mechanics, ministers and farmers
ving to obtain or secure independence
in a good degree, feel satisfied with tin
their labors in this behalf. We glory i
Here,
pauper; if, indeed, the down hill slopes in that
direction, which is a question fairly- debatable.—
But after all, there is no class among us so deci
dedly independent as the farmer.
Look at the minister! Does be dare give ut-
toiance to sentiments that he knows will be gen
erally distasteful to -his society ? Does the law-
Lt-11 u.iHvis ui osuni last spring i r r • ? .
Charleston, and concluded te try it L aS old A I m8relliu "
sandy field which bad been in cdftivatio: . mcc. imic cel
5 . comph-fob. . .. ' 11 °‘ V^ 11 ’ ‘'’^-"^ "hen the good will of the
retell it iiL t8el a 8 ’Tiopenoent as the
is m.-iuu-p'"" 1 '-' 1 ; "'"‘tel-re, by success in busi less they do
use ii. pri-! " . 88 1,18 of employing this windu
The pa -to repute, the 1-^ popular applause, Solon*
nd opened tin L sce ! iat tl ! e "'' , ‘ n| y bread, in a good inef
old bed with a long Scooter, and bedded cut’ C "" the esteem of their fellows they
with a turning Plough. About the tenth of.','' 1 '' 1 , ^rons of securing it. The mechanic
April we oommenond planting, and the day pre- , L. 111 T art - 1,1,11 Principally, on his skill - and
v i u u s I measured three b u s h e 1 s o f c u 11 o i > s.,e, • d j 0 0 ‘ 1111 1 ’ 1 ' 118 8 810 ' 18 - 1511 1 t h ey a 11 d e p e:, d ’ a 1 s o'
one bushel of Gypsum and two bushels of ashes, ) V ane ,’Agree, on the good will of others,
and wet them mid rubbed them neatly, and in i 1 , fa' iner also, relies on his skill; Imt the
the manner described I mixed and rubbed until 1 , ' U " 01 1118 "e'ghbor is not worth a wroat to
’ T tu five is eoncerned.-
purew res fields, and the good Lord, who
Ins ran, on tire just and the uteust”
es no disunion. He waters the fields of
cotton three years in succe;
duced about 600 lbs.
and grew off finely, having a green, luxuriant ap- | .1
pearauce, and continued to 'look well until the ' J . .
excessive rains in J une, at which time it died 1 ??\‘te\te IJ .
out badly, and I almost despaired of makin
half crop; bur it recovered in July, and bea
to grow and spread beautifully, and up tolhe l'"
last of August it still looked well, though it was 1
lather too late; at that time the excessive wet) ■
we ciuofidomst, the
- and the pious man, alike. The wildest
1 ‘-feie m the country, by suitable tillage, may
J Ct ° P as a " y °” e ’ and
1 atler T ^ live R Polling,
. , merchant, or mechanic; how would he
weather set in, giving it another back-set, but it ! ! IIe "'"uld certainly lie driven from
soon recovered and continued to grow and 111a- al ' J ‘‘’"’T likely starred from hi-
tore, until it was killed by frost. L noticed one f men must study social laws
particular, that it did not shed the bolls and 1 .> er Spends on the laws of nature’
squares, as my previous crops had done, and 1 ’ ler ar e always changing; the latter'never
remarked that cotton in the same field, previous- I \«q"ently, the professional man is often in a
ly, bad invariably quit growing by the first of a “ ^J" 1 llai,ll y knows what to do, for fear
September, but the present year, u continued to | .T-'-' 1 "‘fi"’! f 11 . 6 popular taste or broach an
grow until frost. I also tried an experiment 111 fashion. The farmer says just what
with1 - . . i U
The
The
ano, and two bushels of Ashes, which I rubbed ; ! ; " "" eatt le or rotted bis potatoes. And
with three bushels of cotton seed, but 1 could 1 ''"rmer has more leisure time than most'me-
sei no perceptible difference from that planted ' ■ U 0r l’ r fass'onal men. Or if he has not
lynh Adres and Oyp.-um. There are three 1 ”11 °" " b' 1 ' 11 - Xo former needs be a drudob
things to be noticed in tins experiment, first, the ! ""*'r ln tl:e Pasture and Ids cropbin
mid been manured previously in the drill; t , are growing while he sleeps. When
second, there was two bushels of Ashes mixed '“ycrelimit or mechanic ch see Ito.I
with the Gypsum:
eolation. 1 requester
- / .iM the amount
timated it at S00 lbs.
lbs. mure than hail e
the acre, and 1 \
P” lra ™"g
addition to the state in which manure 1
s in die soil, there is anotiter consideration of
much importance n relation to its t
economical use. Succu m b 0 . ‘ ' n ° st
or ent,rely unfertnented manure. YlYt el™
would ofcour.se result in waste an
r ld sea "//'' ::
specific purpose LetTed” shoul/Tr X to thc ' tote® 18 ^ ^c “ th e
be overtook in estrat/ t^ U
of a given quantitv. ° elective value
All this should be ta!
made before, to ;
Ammt of leisure time, there is noth
, 1 planted ten awes in stubble land, prepared
c//lv n; ‘i ! T descril,ed “ho'e; the resuu was
Z^ "gathered ten bales of
-ml , ' o " cll,slo,1 i 1 ""I inclined to think
tei/vi T"" 1 ^ a q !, * u “y ° r 'tegetable mat-
hut ’'''cL 11 "'' ''“Ulis than that which bus
., ’ ''"“/."Ur R.ulntels would adopt a lib er- j t!len te
-•1 rate of freights for thrtidizers, we would in
‘ he P loduct,ou * our soil at leastone- 1
the s
coarse, and not very nutritious; and they are not
well suited to the cultivated grasses, and Other
herbage plants. They arc little lilted for the
growth oi turnips, or other plants with fleshy
local n.- mes, which sufficiently denote their qual
ities; and they are teimed, by not an improper
figure, cold noils.
Very different in their value and nature are
all the cultivated kinds of small grain; they do
greatly in the production of corn, and still les>
ill that of barley, in which the lighter loams may
surpass them. But they are unequalled in the
production of wheat, and in many places derive
their descriptive appellation from chat circum
stance, being termed wheat soils. They will
yield large returns of the cultivated grasses and
leguminous herbage plants, though they are not
so quickly covered with the natural herbage
planis of the soil, when laid down to perennial
pasturage, as the lighter soils.
Clays like other soil
Il to their moA
i" 010118 Ullage, and ofthe application of manures
is to improie the texture of such soils as well as
to ennch them. Thus clays in the neighborhood
“ eities become dark in their color, and less co
hesive m their texture, from the mixture of aui-
malandvepstable matter; and thence ac|uire
toe properties of the must valued soils of their
Jass.— Western Plouyh Day.
SWEET COHN.
A correspondent ofthe New-England Farmer
among other pertinent questions, asks, •■ H u w’
does sweet corn infect the soil ou which it i,
raised I has it been tried as food for stuck 1 and
it so, with what success 1”
We have had some little experience, for the
live or six years, in raising sweet corn, for
he able and for fodder; and that experience
has taught us that sweet eurn exhausts the soil
J^aboutinpropurtioiiasihestalkfelarireriM’d
nu , tml . ou ■'’ li,a " 1118 “ortnern yellow corn,
the kind of sweet corn we have raised vrows
about eight feet high, the ears eight or teu'uu-i,-
es long, large white and plump kernel, and in
rows lo toe ear, the pith of dark red color, and
is called the Evergreen Sweet Corn.—The seed
was procured from Ohio some eight years since,
for toeder we sow it in drills, three'feet apart’
and drop the kernels from six to ten inches apart’
Die yield of fodder the last
u seven tons to the acre. Our horses and cows
leave the best of hay to luxuriate upon sweet
corn stalks, well cured, and run tbrou th the
mould.
He ren^ |
‘atest
more
farming. If he has an independent
nd, let him be a farmer. If he wants
in a healthy occupation, let him till
In short, if he would be Independent
mean to shun the lawyer
be temperate, to
11 I'-^onscience; improve the soil, so” as to
leave world better than he found it; and
- -E cannot live happily and die contented,
there Bio hope for him.
ter. J ae stales of the sweet corn are
require much care in curing to prevent
Ihey should stand erect in die barn, or
Cut tin
he ground
T tile
rams, we nave not fuse, a
a^et corn should qe planted
broadcast;; (if any prefer,) at
mon corn is planted. The
abundant the crop.-
I am yours, respectfully,
To Col.
FEME FOR CORNLAND.
Lym Dec. 28th, 1-852.
S. F. Jr.
Aluatok’s Skins.—Mr. J. W. Benedict, of
gilves^, has manufactured some of the most
boaii;if ( boots and shoes that we have ever seen
"Mb lecher made of Alligator skins. The skins
tailed and prepared so that they resemble
i Me fine, calf-skin in pliability, and are beauti-
imiy moiled., like tortoise shell.
9 SOWING GRASS SEEDS.
Mr. J. J. Thomas, of Macedon, Wayne Coun
ty, New York, thus writes in his communication
i in the Patent Office Report, of an improvement
i that might be made in the sowing of grass seed.
' The opinion, observation, and practical experi-
1 once of a gentleman like Mr. T. who is one of
j the most enlightened tillers of the earth,—who,
I to a practice extending through a long life, su-
| peradds a degree of scientific attainments but
rarely enjoyed by any,—we say then, the opin
ion of one so well qualified to judge correctly,
should have its weight with his brethren.
: Though we have always been the advocate of
i large apportionments of grass and clover seed,
we have rarely gone as high, except in the lay
ing down of permanent meadows or lawns, a*
the quantities named by Mr. T., and yet we are
free to confess, that those he names, if sown,
would greatly increase products.
Vv e copy his remarks, and commend them to
the favorable consideration of our readers :—
“ A great improvement might be achieved by
sowing larger quantities of seed. Any one, by
walking over newly seeded fields, may usually
discover irregular bare patches without number,
where the growth of herbage does not cover the
sell. It these bare portions, however small they
may be, singly, were all congregated together,
without the mixture of grass, the farmer would
most unwillingly permit so many bare acres to-
be idle. A year or two since, the writer sowed
a small field early in spring in grass, accompan
ied with no oilier crop; it was lightly harrowed
in. Hie seed consisted of equal portions of tim
othy and clover, and was applied at the rate of
one bushel per acie. In a few weeks the whole
surface was densely covered with a beautiful
growth of green herbage—not even an inch of
bare earth was visible. It was -pastured that
year, and mowed the hay for the next. Al
though the land was ordinary upland, and had
never been heavily manured, the crop of dried
hay was 3| tons per acre. Being cut early, a
fine second growth followed, which was subse
quently pastured. It was estimated at •.
th? nmou,r. of tho Di^; ,G r t | )e " “Hch woi./^
te. acre, and which could not have keTfS from
Urtiee- Il should have been stated that a dress.
sAY 3P "“ m " a3 appded ^ the
ours or ULANO.—q he imports ofPeruviau
; "l Ui:,>d Slates U ve thus for been
O uted his season, although arrangements
"’tele by the agents of the Peruvian
gorerimrent for a much larger supply than for-
""toy. A number of vessels left the Chinchals-
tei » some months since, but have not yet reach-
tl Is country Earn,ensure now sending their
the art !" a ' ket tyr h,r S e quantics, and were
g --"'to here some 15 or 20,000, tons we are
■d-itaed, could he immediately disposed of by
■ importers to meet the wants of this and oth-
:' In 1 7. "^ of supplies, dealers
foin » 0 ” ged t0 “ se the African
lean and l atagoman.
The agent ofthe Mineral Phosphate of Lime
teteffiny is now receiving many orders for this
telteu from farmers, who are desirous of testing
ts qualities A very favorable report has lately
iSi'nE’k b ' V ^ kn ° wn chemists Jf
L. umure, from winch it would appear that this
-nmeral most eventually come into very general
J.he price varies from 25 to $30 per ton
—Baltimore Price Current
Hair Oil.—To make a beautiful oil for the
200'0 Nr V" 11 T'^ 0il and b ™g
200 uf heat In a c|eiln P , inj ( not , anc j a dd
wit an ounce of pearl-ash. Stir well fur abou»
ien minings lake it off and set it to cool- a
■sediment will be found at the bottom. Pour off
a clot!1 ’ and P ut 11 u '>
a bottle for use 1 be pearl-ash combines with
tills ml not get thick and will be
odor. Jr piepar-
mmmer, but hair oils should never
be colored. All the hair oils of the perfumers
are either a red or a yellow color. This it to
please the eye of the buyer, who mistakes an ad-
ulteraied for a superior article. Hair oils should
be clear and nearly colorless. By exposing the
olive oil, refined as described in the sun in well
corked bottles, it will soon become colorless, lint-
ped as water, and exceedingly beautiful. Any
person can thus prepare hair oil.—Scientific A-
INDUCTIONS IN AGRICULTURE.
The shade is a great fertilizing agent;—the
putrefactive fermentation cannot be produced
without it; and consequently no manures can be
made and no fertility imparted to the earth in
any manner independent of its ii fluence.
Ihe eauth itself is capable of being converted
into the best manure; to effect th is" it is only
necessary that it should be located favorably for
the generation of the putrefactive fermentation.
That the fertility imparted to the soil is more
permanent when produced by shade than from
the application of any manure whatever.
That every particle of earth, as it E naturally
constituted, contains a portion of this fertilizing
principle. That surface earth or “mould,” J/
fertilized earth itself, caused by shade, and not
the residue of vegetable decomposition.
The difference in the fertility of the soil in our
native forest lands arises solely from the circum
stance of the soil being densely shaded. Fine
has no leaves, and white and red oaks, which 1
part with theirs so reluctantly, never leave the
surface soil so fertile as those trees which drop
their leaves with the first frost.
Many plants do impart more fertility to the
soil than they extract from it during their
growth—not in “excrements,” but by their
shade.
The natural provisions for the renovation of
merican.
Ilie American Exploring Expedition on
* HE RIVER Amazon.—The Panama Echo learns
from Captain Thomas, who arrived in the Nueva
Gianada, that the day before the steamer sailed
an express arrived, overland, from the American
exploring expedition on the Amazon, that the ex
plorers had reached a point on the river, in near-
j a direct line, some three hundred miles dis
tant, but, by the circuitous route which the ex-
prc.,s was compelled to take, was about three
hundred and seventy-five miles distant. There
they had found a magnificent and most' produc
tive country, with resources beyond previous con
ception. Cotton sheeting stood at 50. cents per
yard ; coffee and indigo at 2 cents, and al! other
products at proportionate prices—cutlery, espe
cially, being very high. The imports are fully
equal in their sates to the exports.
It seems, by the statements of Captain T.
and others, that the Yankee steamer will secure
the bonus of $10,000 offered by the government
for thefirst steam vessel navigating the waters
of the Amazon into Bolivia, and also the entry of
her entire cargo duty free. J
Lochix a r , Va., Dec. 11th, 18,2.
EAR Suit—In forwarding the amunut >fmi
enbib! " ‘V 0 ”'' “ Fa ™ 8r ” fat His ai l the 1 m.tied like tortoise shell. He intends to
° P ? T me at the sa me time » ex- 1 v "' a 1, ' r ° f bo,ts t0 Fair at New-
1 'b 1 !s fat 'b '"formation that lliave | u °"''. T ce . rtai "!y merits a premium for
i 1 s val " a fa e Pages, and to ask vour ' tile skins of these huge ugly monsters
'I "'-"’"'""g my next corn field, ! b hea "^ and tteefnlnoss.-^stoa
I will have to buy manure for about fifty acres i ^ exas } Telegraph, lilh ult.
of ir, and am hesitating whether to appte ifteen j W
ere, or wlietherlo use i v , iempei^ Convention.—The
As I design Duttio- 11 '‘ ,5ne says it has been suggested
T Temperance Convention 1g held
at 8011,8 '" 1!8 tinting the approaching
■ vv orld s Pair—say in August next.
“ Chappell’s Fertilizer.”
field in wheat alter the oStTbra" EHT ' tllat »
cold wiute clay. I think that an appliLon off
Iii making the preceding remark
«.■.* i“2 e ,: ESS sr^ T ''re''- "te~ Sites’™^
. “I shall die like a hero,” said the coal when
it was being consumed, “for I shall mix with
The population of Lexington, Ky.,is singular
ly well balanced as between the sexes. The to.
worn-out lands appears to be this; that some nur-dr of nHwfa’‘>334 ip^ 0 ’ and k t !’ 6 ^^
plants lissome animals, require but little food ;I - S54 " ^"’S a bal ^ ^