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-'H-fr HH ?"P3 i Y ' 1 3 . 1855U lli interest.'
LAW OF NEWSPAPERS
: lLSut)crit' mtIio to not' give express n
i liei Ui..thCoonjrary are ebrisUlerod ae wishing
,:.:(;:jta;:jjd'MtMiia tap .lunReription. . 1. . s
j i i I ! ft i I K It ' BiiitBcri uflr order ine aisconti nuftiwr'
ol'f :!' 'Wjfif i-J";t I'uhlishcr may continue
i j - i ftjijl thin till Ml that ia duel jai.l. ' !
' f 1 1 l-'tlll. 1 itr'c.il'os nleet, or . rfnse
ijli ilt L:i: v:.. i: . t- t . "
I
'Vilp-f ! V:tK?i irsT rVi thepffice to which thJr
:'-KVIl'tret'KiMy' ar?: responsible tafi
J ' 5 :UY sott.ed' th'ir billa anl orUrel tlU't
:it ' . I tl-iurf dicoiitinm'il. f -J ' i
! " . ' ! 1 V: It . Hul.mrribors move , to other n
? ' ' w itllOUt tlut'ol tlHtl
,t,fb;inWUe the
yll-i'iitMwiyiilei-'.' 1 c - ii I'liJ
- t 1 -v-,m lim con u imie jcckicu mac
J i-- ! l?- ; T . : .'. r.. . - .1.-. ...u" .1.
r.u'ie evU
jt';feaf.4iitj&'iial f'an.l. ;;: 'f ''- j , Hj .
MtkaJfisef liable, for the 6iilhsci jtijrt
L ;?ri 'rhe 'in ftat -and L'ood in lall aires?
k ; I 1- ViW .WOi fis, a ve deligh ted' 1 n the
'1 inl fj: y. i :L. ...L
if ;.ntri;f
UIC ICVIMUIIUIILU H lf I
llMr Ktrnln. susnin- k i
44ttiliuW cares,. unaer. the prej!
m 'fcuSe'feW Wch-4kirry ollicV.ihaii': lit woulkl ;i
Hkve Mthkiever lost sight of his farni,i
I llkAvasHn the habit of sending to Ins
ii&ecfriimuov to it
! laiianent; v Tliotigh ever obedierjtj
iiltjtoiWnntfv,:!!.. cheer-
L W . HIU; VM- I w ".- - j j .- -j
j; frilly coiiplyti)g wh her wishes, hje
tliiLired no Stealer happiness than that
('ifVpeucjrngt his days in retirement afj
f .Mount V ernon , pursuing ttic
)e ace lu
yav'(ica'i:idn.k)f (armer.
is something 4n Hie
pursu
1$ jOi Aidulture that is; congenial , y it
I irtuaiid (rue greatness of iuiiid.
lie vow
f pleasure, . the devotee'
ko.vk the crowded' citvJ
il fashion
. , . -. i
may IhtaiLt n pvle arul
.
tuev
en ii a ire fin
the rivalry ot dress ami
V it d a ih i lig-! eqi i i ppage Hut the lovers
:.pure, erihiyiiieiit,; who seeK a rauonai ,i
' ''it I'A fn u i'i i4-v'lii,i i 1 1 1 in 1 fmiV't retreat bl ii
U fiii :U : -iV-i'M-- ,riM I. r. t U
M -f yiuVV "r "j rw
ranimels ami rest raitits x h ich pride
: 2 ', atK
imiii impose op human oon-
d(ls the farmer can bask in a joyous ;J
t U i bell v. it; 11
lkj(wledge
ihas., untoldeti her. ample
lifcige torliis
visian? lie passes an mcx?
hausiihje fund of rational enjoyment. I
Hfe ivan'Tom in une ;w ith Na t u re's wor
tKartdhk Thningh Nature up : to XdrUr flection, vntsturbtV by Jierc
: i. " ,-i i ' , ,i ,V i i i
; vi luje'rifliidJV He can read the wisdon
tjpf (he peajL Architect of the univers
,ni;
i-ie'? ii iii. r.. ; 1 1 ..
jmt-j fpifs. j- i. i ne larni is emiMeiiii v
- - pi'apfed t(' the cuUiyaLion of ; th'.lms'j
- ephilgof ;the liuuian heriTt. The
: V!. fainierWhonie is the abode of genu iin?
1:. ho'spilallty.1 . Wiiit iiever f'app'foa'cli'es
ty.' . W.nnt never apj)roacl
eside, not forced and conslrainf
en. nut
teal, cordial- lieartfeltj The
weary iUvaVeller is ) never turned off
1 1 from liis door. In the crowded marts
if ol tilidei wfierd! ;ueustriye eagerly td
i rhovtSTuach other from the path of life
.v,vt-' rrfvrr-r-- v-fi . . , --.--
a i t outsti ip'eacli oilier in the race lor
vt:-: j '-. v.! r -. . . - .-u
' wealth, iavarice: renders the heart sehl
I lh, aiiij contracted. Hospitality ancj
vj eperosjty pxist in cities, but they are
d teitlir io ujhimon nor so cordial as!
1 iiit the i count rv; "Tlie demizeu of a
j i tiy. in 4''p''"f.polif'lh in exterior re
Viiii
r
iiehieut, is superior to the fariiiers.-
i-llmliiy-uietort
' : f V iXfroi ! I r 3 s t r a i nt a t f d n i a k e s o( 1 1 e ie e j
ioat?h()hie he is his inferior. ' fl-IiohVIi
v . -;)' , -. . - . -.. j- . -",
" I'i i e. e fa rule r a hand inrir hr. hank his
I' haVi is n jihe right place. He is tip
! aWddon straight for.vvard2and lioiiest.
-. v a oo nitj) n ili i I y of i n tel I i ge n t far nie rs
fiutst f.vp- be freemen. liUxu y that
) liest of rep ibhcs. iiever corrupts their
4i hearts, detilioys the independence of
tlieir. feejhigsand renders theiii fit to
i becoine nlavesv Accustomed to fiee
i Idont vof itlioiighti and action if they
j iindersiand theMi 'iights, they w 11 nev
gjr llowkliejiv to be; trampled iijipn.
; We have no fear that freedom will
3 ev'e r
find a grave or public virt ue bel
eome too f oi rtrpted. for the perpetuity
,1 oi. sempMican vinsiuuii mut, wnen our
I U r iii er a at c a 1 !; -'educated .'inteilligent
1 ipeil.;
-i -. . i.i
3-If,
We-.
d cause
law
to be
i ; t'Liacteihi
compelling every ofie to at-
1 JIM.I lO
iid oxyu-iiusiess, aiuj nave
aw faithfully cxec(ed, we
' ?u c
i N'ndiLthitik mankind owed us a debt
' L fl'"! gratitude. 1 he disposition
irk ni Md I'el with what does nql opnceril
iMWi'ee'U;issH6'-'lio: aii-'jnhaie 'inriiitiiulc -of
it -' : I Ji . i-o rtk i i i frt M innit J.i 1 1
1 ! id pwir kueiiiessi xia ell as liis'itetghi
; Hbji' undrstanil it foi him. No one
jljl'ayli1 Ie.dia8 a secret! His
ji leiids pot only knpw a grest deal
p"ipreahbut what he lias dour limn'
f. W ftware'of himself , but ther also
: " f''?vt5-:lS- lV10'-1 JSht into all . his
rF 1 1'iitria arid jiroapects for the .fut tire J--
MadaVixhiiinor is even on the '
leariiig tales of our neighbors n
wing,
actions
,and sayings. Is iit iany ' bodyl elHes
j! i 'f ,,ieM novv I conduct my 'business.
!t ;i '.I i m 'iv hat- ihiitinB'Q liia J.
I . ida lie hiptself busy about other people's
t ... .i .1 w . a u r k a
..'JlVM,?-vPHi OTiuie. ue ueiecis ins own !
U Is
rather a small business to be wri
bn such a theme,: but we do most
:-aai.jjUly
he done tq induce people to attend to
r iu their. oy u business;.
A word to Uovi 'Time is your
,! i
,jmm' rttif
Kvell aiiil in luture years, i will ywkH
Mill a rich return of intellectual and;
inoral weal ill. .Sri'unnder it, and . in'
nanliood, you'will be Wnkrupt, and
ivorse than bankrupt. If you spend
your school bo)r days, in idleness, and
neglect to prepare the task your lead
ei8 give ypij, if ihs'ead of attending to
our books, ycur mind is ever running
)ti nlav, when vou jrrowitn tobe men,
K . - jj j'" j ,.effrel f thatTOU mi
snent vour tunc We" would not iiave
lint in school hours, the hours allot-
j fofj study, they '.should keep .- their
attention on' their study, and when
Chey we " turned out" then let them
anu piay. iy ims means men
minds will -be cultivated and their
health improved. We have seen
grown up iii'en; who could not read or
rile some of them never enjoyed the
ohnortunitics vhich voti have, i Such
.. 'V - i
Others agaiti
'gl learWd, in their youth,
neglected it. t Such are greatly to
"ied . ? weI1 f 3 PUleiK A,nlosl
veiy; uoy nuw-a-imj
lriung, ifjhe will improve it,
does not hei will groV up to be tlicdis-
a'ceppf hi friends and" a by-word
4mor S ms .companions.
THE AM E-LUCAN; FARMER.
His Vosil'wit and Advantages.
We find . in the Home Journal, ihe
fpllowing. extracts from an Addrec
Uefore the Auidtieck Agricultural So
il Hipl vhf Rhndr (..L-iinl hv Pni nil I (.ill
.. , r. ... " , - ....
4 qi.iew i oK. iiiKe me rjuuor 01 nie
! Ji" . : r i ' t ; i . i r ' i . c . i
jr'j Jjlomb Journal; we ''have hard work
not. to take these meaning words for a
text, and go on to discourse upon the
'auty of- the pursuit with two such
au vantages-- l ie irnna ten ai case
t , .. s. , ,
undiha old age cmiuoued and cheer
fnl lad!ic (:ve . , ' -
''The orieat orator of New Enrland
the! Farmer, of Marshlield and of
IPntuliliit -4- tince told irie thai he es-
teemed it as a pail of the good fortune
df hislcareei, that he 5 was reared a-
Uiongst the jhiils of New llamphire,
Pending there his youth and eaily
ihanllood, .in associatioti with farmers
:jhd tlie sons of farmers, for more than
lifl years. . . ; ';. .:
"He considered them as a race of
lhinIdngmen,whowonldfdlow their
f irv jmtions hi th e- use of physical
power's ; while the tnind was l ft fre
pursuits. or cxcilunr passions.
'l. v ) J- ;.,..
1 1UU UIC ilS llllIC MlUll tl lO IL.t lllU
meet to accident
and c
(an b
Wamc,
lange its any jw.rsons in this life
; ; and your;pur$uits always the
are agreeably diversified by cx-
Iperinient and its results. When the
i
labors of thfc day are closed, you. can
lie doWn tonindislurbed leep, without
lawyer. iu)ii nave no .'argosies al
ea, po sicl-Jj- and ;weansome patients,
;io cjipnts to tax your; energies anil
;dematid the exertions of every faculty
Uyith a cruel tension. You know when
your !work it done. The - physician
ajnd the lawyer never know that, hut.
jtjie minutesfof your shimbef are the
hours of their watchfulness and never
priding care.; You have time to think,
jto consider, to compare,1 aiid vour most
serFons labors are performed, thank
yod, under the pure canopy of heaven,
here your eyes, may wander and
Lake in all the beautiful works of his
creation. 'The fair suii is above you
iti the summer, and the harvest moon
isheds its soft ridiau'ea upon the ga
thering in of yeur crojVs.; health js in
the hi 2ezes, a fair reward in prospect,
and you need njt envy the occupation
of any ..clasti of-men. (Your business
'draws you awav from the tenmtations.
, (je arts and chicanery of traffic, of
clmtract and of sordid irain ; so meat
t
t
i
tat So'omon exclaimed, 'How can
iere he any honesty iif buying and
sen
;. uAhi youri employ monls are hill of
iffignity, so aie they full: of importance.
Withoitt your inhois, civilized men
cajtitiot exist, and; society would he
chmpelled to ga-liack to the savage
sUte froin whence iteiiierged, and ife
plejnd upon lite bow, the barbed hook
ajdd the spear- -Garments from South
,rfnvni xvo,dd give place to .skins of
iijilimas, and all cultivation of nature,
tw so rich and beautiful, would be
avergrpwn wiin weeds, and ehoked
Mjjvvvitji wild and noxnius plants.
H pT0!11 arehere then upon this earth
for .a noble purpose. It is to improve
and adorn il.tand iiiake it tliut :r!-41;
imi1 pldnetTor which it was destined
ibyj its creator. . j I .
i f ' ou aie here. aboJas nntrmi- for
i the land metier has a fireside, and. a
home to love, to preserve and forever
defend;. .-. Your walks itiAour fields arc
litdne t
made
le less pleasant that they are
upon your own irrounds and
ihjit which you hold you will not be
iiiS.t.iy 10 gio iip,iuai ine strangerinay
pjofesess it wi:h a strong hand,
j vYour pursuits have also a ten
fUbcy; to purify the heiirt, while ihey
bhiar and exalt the iiinl,ertandin" : for
a jiarmer slpmkl have . no debasing
ttltOught or trrovelimi: desire?:. 11
deals with creation-1 simple, nure mid
ieiuCiful and there he finds no war
aH for depravity, or the indulgence
(if jiiii worthy passion. The young
jarmer too, has a vast advantage over
ailpiofessional man in this, that he can
cpihe.lo a competent knowledge of the
biisineas of his life at n compaiatively
earjy period. With his inajonty, his
career is to begin, and he may then be
fdU fledged for the flight which takes
hfni out into the world; and, in later
hfej when it is time to think of the
nelhing besides the cares of husi-
Mess, the advantages S of a rural life
begin. ; ,
-J look,' says, Addison,' 'upon the'
pleasure which we take in a garden,
oncof ihe mod iiiinceni 'deliglitd
in human life
irarilcn was
habitation of our fir4 parents before
YM Ti i .mturallv ant to fill the
j ;, calirmes3; anil Irannuilily,
audio lay all turbulent passions at
rest. It guves us a great msigm un
the contrivance andiwisdom of Provi
dence, and suggests innumerable sub-
ects for meditation, j
"If this be justly said of a garden
anu who can doubt j it? how much
more appropriate is it when predicated
of a farm, of which the garden is only
a part ? Every farmer has Ins garden ;
but all irardeners hayc not faims.
"Again: Agriculture i the appro
priate employment of declining year;
for it may be 'pursuec to the verv entl
of life. Not so the occupations of pro
fessional men, for they will firid, when
the strength of their days are gone by,
ihat vounger and stronger and stouter
men will hasten their descent, asltiey
are traveling the downward slope of
hostile rivalry.
I, heard' a short time ago, ol a
question put to onc jof the most ener
getic and prosperous merchants ol IN.
York, now in full career, and who m
age is approaching very nearly "to four
score yars. lie aked when 4us
intended to retire Jrom business .'
'Helm! 7' said he, "'why should I retire?
where should I retire J and In what?
Did you ever know a Fanner to re
tire? . : - ' (
. "Here, gentlemen, is one of your
consolations. You j pursue an occu
pation so natural tojman. that he can
follow it nil his days with undimin
ished satisfaction. le has no reason
for asking, 'To irluit shall I retire V
for he is in tins possession of that en
joyment which luini.-hes no solace t.i
the rich merchant --who cherishes no
taste for country life, and finds no,
pleasure but in ihe excitemetit of gain
and the busy hum of reeking wharves
aiid crowded counting houses.
"He cannot say wpth Cicoro, lI come
now to the pleasures of. husbandmen
with which I am exceedingly' pleased,
which are not xheckled by any old age,
and appear iirmy mind to make the
nearest approach to! the life of a wise
man.. For ihey have relation to the
earth which never
... t i
c fuses command,
and never returns
without ' interest
that which it hath i.eceivel J.and vet
for my part, it' is not only 'he product,
but ihe virtue jini! nature of Ihe earth
iiself, which delights me, which, when
in its sofieneii and :?uhdueir- bosom i.
has 'received jthe scattered peed, first
confines what is hidden within it; then
when wanned by ijeat and Us own
compression, it spreads it out, and eli
cits fro:n it ihe verdant blade, which
supported by the ; fibres, of the roots
gradually grows up,and, rising on a
jointed stalk,! is now enclosed in a
ehealh, out of w hichjil poms forth the
fruit of the ear, pilled, in due order, and
guarded by a rampart of beards a-
gainst the peeking of the j-maller bird.
Why should I, in the' -case of vines!,
tell of the planliiujs.the risings and the
. . V i ....
taires ol growl's Uiat aou may
know th
iiura yonj that I never can
gh of (hat gratification. No
have enou
thing can be( more rich in use or ele
gant in appearance, ban ground well
tilled, to' the enjoyment of which old
ae js so far from being an obstacle
that it is even an invitation and allure
ment.1 - j !"""'"
:"The farmer has; resources, then,
which aie dtpiied to people in other
occupations ;-phe ha iliat vliich cloys
not by time nor satia es by possession
His amusements, too, are connected
with his employmeii is, and all these,
nitty be enjoyed on this island, and
around it, in a perfection rarely united
on the lace of ilie earth. :
"Here you are, and here you sit se
cure. Your acres aiejyour own. Your
household gods are in your homes.
Your hearts are fixed upon the pros
perity, of .your country, and may (IoV
give you many days t.o possess anil en
joy all the blessings he has bestowed
upon this fair and most favored land.''
How to tin; tho IIc in tlie
iardon.
There are those wio think that it
a working hand is toostupied for any-
tiling else, he cai hoe m the garden
I hey labor under a great mistake.
There is no branch of farm or horti
cultural work that requires as much
judgement aml skillJas the proper use
of the hoe in the garden. A Mrden
worker, be be black or white, that has
no knowledge !of the roots, of plants,
and their functions, has no more bus
iness Willi a boo in his hand in the
garden, than has " the old black sow,"
with her nose in the Tulip bed. lw
there a young I melon, squash or cu
cumber to hoe; around, he stnkes in
.with a plantation
io;, ihe blade' of
which is sixluches
broad The hill
is left clean, llje soil is Fight, but from
the ignorance of lli(j worker of the ha
turcof the roots, how they : thread t lie
ground in all directions, Tin search ol
food, ihe broad blade of the hoe has cut
every fibre of the root but the top roots
the plant lingers along in a ickly con
difion, and the proprietor conclude,
his sod does not suit melon and cu
cumbers, and so w ith all the young
crops. The worker should consider
what lie is hoeing for. It it is to mu
tilate the roots, he s doing right to
hold the hoe so as 'that each stroke
the blade is-buried in the earth, under
the plant, the eye coming in close con
tact with the stem. Hut if he would
preserve the1 roots to draw nourish
ment to perfectnhc plant, he will hold
the hoc so that the blade does not go
under the jlant, and only go as deep
as is necessary, to break the Mir face in
the immediate vicinitv. (iardners vou
should tell your servants the Fable i f
Ihe Hear and the FJy ; how in his ef
forts to kill the fly, lie killed his mas
tcrSoil pJ the Xoith.
A lady reading thai a man had been
sentenced to six months hard labour
for. dog stealing, observed to a friend
with a shudder, Xiracious, my love
what would certain of our sev have to
endure for entrapping puppies.
CoE'tnunt'cattons.
6CIENC
FOR T11E VEOPLEL
K.WKIXSTEII.-
L.ETTKR 1C.
The tLerraometer, so iuful in measuring
the temperature of bodies, as far as free or
sensible caloric is concerned; entirely fiils
to indicate the degreoor rpuautity of what
u termed specific and latent heat, ihu u
a subject of vast importance, ai on lU
pnnciples depend a great variety ot natu
ral plyjioinenH. If we mix tigctlicr cjuh1
rae:isuitwf warm aud coll water, as might
bo exix.ted, the temperature of the umx-
ture will be a mean between the ongpial
temperature; but if we mix: warm water
and co!d ulcoljol.'the tcmjieratuic resulting
will nbtbe a mean bttwecn tie constitu
ent liquids, l'lacc a lotUeof water and
another containing tho.samo quantity of
alcoholaud at the Mime temperature, in
such a manner that they shall receivo ejual
amounts of lieat, it will le found that the
bottle of alcohol will first reach any given
degree of heat, below its boiling point ;
awd nU, that similarly exposed, tho tem
peratiirALu'ng the miiip, the" alcohol will
cool rty' rapidly than the watr. The
'iCitusiM. evidonliy i, that water aul
lilc snrA 1litrieut minnU of
tU raijVt.. to the same thermomtrrri.
Itfiiit.'iftiher words, they have differ
Hit ca;eitic. ftr heat, and tho term pxi
fie heat, is applied to tho quantity that
hut lody i capable of, at any --given tern
peratuie. If a pound of mercury at thej
tenijKjrature m one hundrel in-grees, bo
put into a ves.el conUuiiing a jKund of
water: at wxty nine degrees, the water and
mercury will Ihj fourul to indicate a tern
jK'ratiiie ot evenly degrees the water
iiaving Leon made one degree w armer and
the quiekiilvcr thirty degrees cooler. Uy
this and a grt-at vaiiety of similar exjK'ri
meiits, we conclude that h specific heat
of water is thirty times that of mercury.
Every substance has a certain capacity for
heat, ami thn capacity varies as the den
sity of the body and also with its physical
conditiont If a pound of water at thirty
two, be mixed with a pound of waUr at
one hundred and fceventv two degree, the
mixture wi I I one hundred ami two. or
an arithmetical mean, but if a pound of
ico at thirty two be mixed with the sanw
weight ol water at one hundred and sev
entv two, tho refilling mixture,' when the
if- u melted will be thirty two; the water
h?iinr just siillicisnt to melt lh ice. What
lilt become of the one hundred and forty
degref of heat that lisappe ued from the
toiler, .ithiut racing the thermometrie
point alvo thirty two The answer is,
that it wa. taken up by tht water furnuh
ed by the ut.d tf ice in melting, and
henco is called the calorie of fiuidity
, ; Water then contains one hundred aad
fojtv degrees of heat not discoverable by
the thermometer, and which it did not have
when it wat ice. This concealed pr hidden
heat is termed latent. Ice can nuver le
eoine water without the absorption of hi
amount of heat, and wnter cnu iieve r be
come ice, without evolving thej amo.
Thin explains the fact that fcttzinj U a
hmtlni pi oops?, for every particle of w ater
tBiat free.e-i gives out heat. In the north
ern Stales, water is often put in cellars, .o
wiiri! tJ -m, lv the verv pnces of trcez
r. idiM iTlg TioZen
r the water Will !
ficeze first and thus evolve its calorie of
fluidity. Were it not for this ( beautiful
natural law, a great part of tho globe would
be uninhabitable; for the almost iitstanla
neons freezing and thawing of tho rivers,,
springs and moi,t earth, would destroy ve
getable lite, and in various wavs interfere
with the establish d order of thing! In
the process of solidification, heat is always
evolved, and in the liquefaction of Jodies
cold is" produced by tho absorption of the
heat of fluidity. This 'explains why it is
so cold during the melting of ico and miow,
and also how by the melting of ice and
salt, ice cream is frozen. Tho heat that
was in tho cieam is abstracted by the salt
water in the process of melting. A jtound
of wafer iu freezing takes up, tutd in melt-
in
g, gives out heat enough ' to make a
pound of gold red ho.
If k pipe worn to conduct strain from
the spout of a tea kettle, so :is Ut discharge
and consequently condeitse it in cold water,
it .would bo found that the cold water
would be heated.. If to five and a half
pounds of water at thirty two, steam
enough bo condensed to rai.-o its teiiqK-ra-turo
to two hundred and twelve degree, it
will be found that this hot water has in
creased in weight one iound. Now the
temp, ratine ' water iu tho tea kettle, has
n t lcen higher than two hundred and
!. twelve, and Uia same is true of the steam
J iu the pipe as indie.iled by the therm. m,
i 'ter.. Whence .then, tho heat that enabled
11 pound of steam to raise five aud a half
! lM"nd ot ice cold water-to the . boiling
point, and et lose none of its own heat a
indicated by the thei utouute,r i .-The dif
ference between tho milling of ico and thn
boiling jioint of water is one hundred and
eighty degrees, w hich multiplied by five
aiid a half, gives for a product, nine hun
dred and ninety degrees of heat, which
was latent or concealed in the pound of
M -a'::, n J ,4r7":-.,irrio'Tir detected bv
the tt.cruiomeb r. . This latent heat is
called tliul of tin - ticity. Whenever water
is evaporated, this ouantity ot heat must
go oil" with tho vapor, and whenever Ihe
vapor condenses again, it must be evolved.
Ileneo evaporation is a cooling, and eou
densation a wanning priM-ess. Tlie nine
hundred ninety cr as we shall hereafler
call it, one thousand degrees of calorie of
elasticity, explains the well known f.it,
that tlie temperature of boiling water, iu
an dpeu kettle, cannot le raised by increas
ing the lite; ;u in chaugiug into Um,
the heat is carried oil". The heating of
buildings by the condensation of ttearn in
pqic will readily be understo,!, when we
consider that this thousand degrees of la
tent heat must of iicvs.sity becuuiio seiisi
bio in the change frwiii a vaKr Uj a liquid.
By th.s same process, of condensation of
the Vapor that rises from the ocean, and
gulf stream especially, the climate of west
ern Europo is materially modified ; and
the rainy day aud cloudy skies of Eng
land, are by far, greater blestng to la r in
habitants, than would be, iri that latitude.
I tho cloudless skies W Egypt or the dry at
mosphere of California; for by tho Con
densation of the vAjKjr, into rain, a quan
tity of .heat H giveii out, which cause in
tho latituJu of HirilWs lav. the climate
of our middle Sute
I'eautiful indeed
simple plan of tin
is the hannoniou and
Autltor (f Nature.
Heat froinote.s evai
ration, and vajnir by
abstraeling heal fifiii surrounding IkmI t .
, priKiuce cold, col I pauses condensation.
and in litis change tf form heat i ovolved.
Thus inau is Adapted to the heat of the
torrut, or cola of the frigid lone, ana can
endure a charge of temperature of the air
which he breathes, and in which he move,
of 400 degrees, or more than twice th dif
ference between freezing md boiling water,
without a change of four degree in the
temperature of his. body, the heat of the'
blood remaining at about 08.
Ladies fail themselves to keep cool, but
by fanning a thermometer the mercury is
not made cooler, although ice will m!t
sooner when the air is w'iuted. l'ernons
wa'Liug on a plain in a dark night, are un
able to go in a araijdit line, but will de
scribe curves, uua!lr arcs of circles, and
individuals have jierUhed on plain anl in
furets 'who iuij;lit havr escaldt had jh-T
priH'vedetl inn unifona uirtxtion, which
llu v nnvl.t have done whsncver the wind
w;ih blowing; bv wcttine a finger and
hold'ui? it in the air. when the cold sidsof
the finger, would have been an iudicaliou
of the wind. This means employed a few
times would "guide a pcrxju in the same
course. It is by the abstraction of Jicat
from .t burning building that water extin
guishes fire. Thoe jcrous who bum
green wood, are very poor economists, a
tire water in tho wood ha to las converted
into steam, carrying a vat amount of heal
up the chimney : for which raasoit the
wv,l ii) be Vaunted in ghv works aftd i
oiner piaee wuere a very not nre is rcquir
i .i ii .
eu, i luorougiuy mica m ovens uiotc
burning it.
In waim c!im.itr-s the inhabitant crn.l
water by putting it in jorou3 vess Is and
exposing; it to the air, so that the part
evaluating, cool that which remain!, and
it is even jKjssiblo - to freeze watr by its
own evaKratio!i. ,
On account of the amount of heat re
quired fr steam, many jK-rson hare con
strucie engines lobe moved by tho tatr
if alcohol, whi-:h- can be vaporized by a
ics nbsorptioirof heaL Tho objeitiou t
the use of such engines it, in addition to
the danger attending theiu.'that while the
expenditure of fuel i less toyajHiriw a gal
Ion ot ether, than a gallon of water, the
volune of tho vapor is also less, and. no
advantage is gained. It is a fart worthy
of notice, that while the vapor of water is
about mx tenths the weight of air, the va
lor of ether ha twice its density.
When the term latitude and loitiidrt
.meaning width and length, were applied,
to indicate uUtauccs on the earth, either
nbrth at. d south, or east aud west.il wa
supposed tLat the earih had a level or flat
surface, and the length, horn eat to wot
was -much greater than tho width, frm
notth to south.'. This npwniil very rea
sonable to the jH-opie, who lielievcd thai the
extreme southern' irliu was uiiiuhab:ta
blo on account of the htnt, and tho north
ern on account of th cold. Modern s i
i ti . i' . i
encr, However, expiatD llio Coiiiiecliou be-
twren temperature and evajHiratiou, and
how the vapor car rU-sotf immense atituiiuts
of lieat tr tc giveii'oir to tho Colder re
gions in the process of condensation. Kve
ry body, knows that the temperature of the
air -fn warm room u cooled by sprinkhu
air '-i a warm room i eooicii iv spruikiiug
hot water on tho floor, and the hotter the
water, and the floor on whk h it is thrown,
the greater Uic degreu of cold produt td.
A bUcksiuith, also, cati i!ace a piece of
cohl iron on a cold anvil, and strike il with J
a c'hl hammer until the nun Incomes hot
enough to 5tu!egviiaiXilci--
TnmiKt c.isw the rHm wa coo;c-d
by the abstraction of the heat which be-,
came latent in the vapor; but in the cae
of the evolution of I mat from the irott, the
metal made more dense, aud its capa
city for heat diminished, and the concealed
specific heat of the irm, btvame neitsible,
being as it were squeezed out by the near
er approach of the particle in the act of
hammering. Fniversally when a lody
changes from a rarer to a dinner state, heat
is evolved, ami when the change is from a
denser to a rarer state, boat, which must
bo abstracted from surr uinding hodms, be
comes, latent, or cold is produced. If a
pint of alcohol b mixed with a pint of
water, the temperature of the mixture will
bs warmcr'thau that of the liquids by them-,
nelvc, aud if carefully measured, it" will b
fjitud that the two pints have not made a
quart. . The heat evolved in mixing sul
phuric acid and water, is o iuten-e as, to
render it dangerous to mix thum in ordina
ry glass vee. In the slack ing, or more
pn-petly the slaAi; of lime, the great de
gree of heat tli-cngaged i due, not to tho
lime, but to the water which Incomes solid
in the dry hydrate of lime. Tho heat pro
duced in slaking large quantities of lime is
sufficient to set wqo1 on fire, but the dis
aster that sometimes liefd vesst-U laden
with lime, when the water get acces to
it, probably arise generally from tho sweh
ling or expati-iou of tlie lime in slaking,
which bursts asunder the limbers of the
ycs.-el. I fa piece of frozen or.solid mer
cury Ikj put in a small quantity of water,
ihe mercury will become tlui I and th wa
ter solid.
; 'It is well known that air may loeom
pressed as to set tti-.der on fire, and on the
other hand, by suddenly rarifying it, cM
i produced. -Cloud an? often formed by
the. ascension of warm air, to great heights
where under ilitiiini.hsl presstire.it ex
pauds, and the aqueous vntKr it contained
li etii.dettSod. l'rotVssor Espy has contriv
ed an instrument called the nephelc$rpr
which U-autifuIly shows the formation of
eluiid.
The Patagonians kindle tln ir fires bv
eliciting the concealed heat of wmm1, bv
friction, and more-civilized nations accom
pli-h the same, by tho niori rotubustible
friction m.'tche. Iu th old llint lK-k as
w ell as in . the modern percussion lock, the
pjwJcr is ignited by setting freo the heat
In-fore iiim uib!e. Coutiivance have lcn
devise.1 A r t.iliug water and he:iri
1hUm s bv thn friction of plate of uii-tal.
The principles explained iu this chspt. r,
show why sPain as il isiis from thc-o:it
of a tea keltlu will e.dd. while the hand
mar lj held with impunity in the steam
jseaping from a loeienttive boiler, the
prure . d w hich ha been three or four
atino,.hcrc. Iu K-r(ormiug this exjri
unent, care must bo taken not t hold the
hand too.jr fn.ru the safety valve.
TJie principal sources of heat, are the
Min. chemieal action, including vital action,
and tlni condensation of matter by friction,
percussion or oilier mechanical "means.
By the heat of the sun w are informed
Archimedes set the Uontan shipping on
fiire, arid by couceutrated sol ir lir.it, even
gold ha-s been volaUlizisl. By chemical
acihai we warm our houses, thn. evolution
of heat being due to the combination of
tli ! oxygen of tho air, with the Cuilion and
hydrogen. of the wood or coal. Bv cons
deusation fire is struck-from stee'l.'J.va
flint, and the H-reus;.,n cap exploding set-.
Muqu'Uer iu lire. bat c term odd
is produced by mean of nrefaclion, va
3 .1
loriz,ition and li.juefactio " TJio heat of
hot i ed arises lnm that Vvr,clJ OI c",,,
ca! action cllesl krmcntatpn, and furnish
es die gardner with a ur. tnedcrab An.l
uniform mean tf ol tauiit v ariuiciniiy me
requuito warmth lor tusgeriniuauun oi
setsfi and tho growth of v tabte. Heat
is abo-producnl in Use Howling oi pum
as'may bo shown by the tintometer. It
is an iiitrslin fact that fjiiaiori window
gl.t, al!oh the liat ffj4 uu to pas
through it into the rdciinMiit it doe not
permit the Usual artificinl f. tf our apart
ment! to rv out. In li r words wl.iss
is tran-parent or-pak tcl t-nt, according.
to Uitf teneraluro i-l tiC J- oy, wiienct: u
Collie.
u Tne invt t'U -r diatkrr-
... i a
vuthwii nu is rock s:Cj;vliuh lmicr
calls tlii "gWs for l.VatC-i Jrlia a Kn
of rWk lt may debt t, ;;vt.t no burning
glass ha ever done, LealHhe ray from
the nuHiii. ." -
TkLiiil advant.iL'e.of laVtfact that a!co
hoi vajoiizea or boil w beWt thin
water, the distill, r by ling a mixture,
or any fermsnted liqmd c-Vunig ahtuiol,
o o. "f
i : . i :i I
first Uiil
iis on in pints, rv-i " "ioeii
he "'worm of the ;;-5 imi-
5s m the
l.ir principle the farmer $tM$ tlte wheat
. ... I . . . . . r . . .
roiii tin ciuii in n -it il' or i.iunni--. i
m . r m . I
. . r . t H . n- .
liie ebati iieing more e.r rj blown away, j
lliau ihe Wheal, a curreiiMi j proiTjc i mm
will carrv tl" the one, buH- i t tho other.
So also knowing thai o,t k r will f-eee
e:Lsice iju.a spires hr c'osuntriv, a.J
quor til hilar to appl brafvl;- i obtaineil by
frevzing out the water. 'jXlus U.th freez
ing and li!ing are mareto nci-omphsh
the same object. Oil Ar -h.i k and watch
es may le puriGejl by civ:uiug the tea
rine. It is well kno-vnvi.i ih the va-
j-wi iimi no vi vi.cr.i . iics.i.
From the Kawd and Plant r.
llduralc Your iii's!itrr.
MiHN. Kiiiiokm: lJ t Khort i-xtract
from Misiwii:u:-' lif,. ai.T'V the Iiid'tani.
on page. (;;, should lo rte-Fm csjs in
tivt ry paper of ArnericaiJ I c cry father
aiid mother hou1d rCa.ji and ak each
other d.e it apply to
To my t'arohu.i brntlyv ,t' my L'andi
nasi.slerN I say read lh.i f'ort extract and
look around oii lookji-Tij, with the eye
of an 'American, who shevH ever h-sire b
see our l..T-d country tF-U high d.e-tinv
for I bc'ieve it is the r el ot our (iod,
destinetl to do uiore to-5-iyeiu nin than
all earth W-ide. ,1T v'Uolina I feel all
the love of a sou to a ttj,' dear pnrent.
I would have Iter take fit Ijland amng
the eir.iiie-it of -aith, "7-i. Uneven iu
that Company pre--mii. 2 ;j . For this, my
home, 1 would laboj.wf j. i rt!ltmy might,
and would place her fi, and then my
ow n.-my ii.it ie l.i;id. - '' ',
Were I e.Vded tqn tpMay t.iTtwhat
would Ut sectife to An Va lh proiidt
nich iu the wor'.il's i'pry, and What
would hasten m-t raLl' tv la the long
hcpel for time tins E-u-.e of earth at
peace and the rnighty jAVreign to reign
over tho hearts of all l'l'ple, I would
answer iu the laiigua f (; Madam Oom-
j r'- v.m .'u.c ns.-,j, .miu -"-
J hat the French ti.tti tr.ofwante.
j her replv wa compre v-Sntootje vord :
Mothers." h, sirs, -iy its intelligent.
br. N albican ohce as'Ji Madam C'ot.i-
tarmst, jiioits i"thers" ';2l our eotititry
would sotui throw otf thihackles of man-
i
jower whellier shown 'j.f parlies ereeU.
.ty..-! i ..,Sj.,;... - poleiibile.
Bit, sirs, these must lM' intdlijtnlt
pioun, eat mt utnther -
Wo wiust change our-ftjlcv, our i-riiu-i-
pk our hope, vvo msrxa
rJiol call
man an old maid Uciu.fite is uirg!c at
20 or '22. We must iCf the '"I!., of
a wo
our schtI the eiiiiiciiif .f a female
ris! ! vliMiiltl 'i I Ii -if n Tii-tl.-s
gosl solid cslucalin sljb'!l.l K Viven.
lavo the frivolitWof ffXt i terme,l a
finished clttcatioitt to f.j,.U-whiskcrel,
l-e-ringcd, and be rutIl'if"i-?H of our race,
and give to American nptr, that' edu
cation which will fit th?5'.i rear the fu
tut leader of earth. , -
Iet us look for one tit-2'nVat some of
our.triends, and se if tlf ?! l anv dilhrr
encc iK-tween men, and iiXluo to cluca
. .1 .i-
icu t-iii.m.
self agreeable iu eoi.ip.uJSr:". Why is this!
lie m.iriioran e-lucaledCln.in.
Aml there is Amhew f l' aho wa a feu
. ........ i. lliti . .t
m " - w - z
ets ami tam!arj writoispi rrur lo his
col leg days without shjiyet marrying!
a woman who was prttt'J iw it hi.ut c-hi" ;
i-.u iid'irr, ,no ii'ifjre ine I m -
cation, he ha ta-o-l Jro 4? StiiproTUi' fi'u i
i . . l i i :i i .. IL 2 .i .
un. hi. Mint ins ciiti'ircii t j loiiow ing in
the fotit steps of thuir il'.'t'LiUs brtsh--es-
sor. ije rea-i more in i.. jioutb I
-.""wi'i' ov'.ore
ne wa marricsi tnan i.n as tr ihe fast
SIX Tear. , V ".J
And thsre i that line b J iw KoU-rt Y
with hi fine intellectual Vb j. II
Vbi j. Ho has his
SOfotid wife. His
tirt 'k i was rather
ther
for
pretty au.r rather ignor.l j Van d only for
prt.ji.-rtv. Hi .second. ft.-i mlcil.-tt,
love for Usiks -she has jrii0l iier child
ren and lhc of her hu -.; M br the first
wife with the spirit i" rjiig--ihe hit-
hind ful low a uit, r.nd'iV lie the, abhsl
man near him ac.juin-dvUr. hi last mar
riage, for I km-w him a'dfl i tint. .
1 Could thus jioiut nst.tnce, ami
thus verify the rirnarks l'ue Missionary,
v hi h you qu'ated. v T;
This matter i iiot a n(Vhing II has
occupied much ihouglrt .'if d anxh tv, be
bevir.gas 1 d' that to td l.vte if
e mas,
u.-e.i!ues
is but fitting them fr i"olcr
.liUltlt
edoealiott ; make Mum
tl
ers. aovisor. coiins-!,.. Sii.l tr:itiirr .if
youth ;-fiud hate mother"1
.a
intriict their
daughter in
If hoUs. Ilt J
"iiKiiiiv
Ihis doiie.'atid our Ih do4is..nii
LC'ieratiob would had V fall g..
iViu..
tCHeraliol
lioi.s would had 7i fall g.xxl ami
rork. Mayit U the wMi of
k n I. . I ,5 M.
gieat avi
Vorir frie
llitide, Mi-., Xorn IS
s- 5
Trial of Sabbath' SrJA jl Ttarmi".
Io you reengni,, o friend John S , " t I 'r . "U l,ltlhti
who vou rcmcmUr w V X.,.1 but a f -w i ,,,,,l,,,,i,Ic ku.difc rxlended
year ".since, ignorant aiCf A.wnW, ?-s-e I 1 ,,,! ,,"IIII,JJ ,BI" fil; nor Cm .1
him now, a eiilMiUr-:k?;r r gtnlh ii.ei,
or three i.mmi-.iv- aisTn. ! Phihuh Iplua Roard of Health. -
. -( . i i . a -
Mi .-t.tlr.-l. . . I .... ' i
ii it "j ' J "a""d C4.in.for bread!'
Had I wealth, h.-.d I n; nce' f fimj'y. j
influoncc of Ulcut, I wou!h vote one and Ii i4 n lml .T .
all totheobj-ctof .hantVr the pros-nt ifie4 i..d, il ' . V.irltet
till giri. are V0 AJU mmh v -due ' I 'J ,",r,,,,-V nh h,. clencl,.
' .. ..?h - - . I eu hand. Hi ar"iutie.iid r. .
tV I e 1 C'.
1 ri Itlnl f..r l..
t m - - .
Teacher -Peter is ciijd in the Bi
ble a rock; indeed, .ilflvTword Peter
means a rock, don't 'wpctrr mean
lock salt ? i
Kill teacher, very hr iyi disiicJscd.
The pangiof unrcqut;iil love made
a shoemaker take lvl'. rrccntly,
when as Lis eudw0ftl near, he
(readied his last and ldf j-il out Awl
light, what lKcaui of'tH'ttde?
m - m
TiiRiLiftNO Account oh a Nar
row I'scai'K. Mr. Win. (;arter.
field, of New York, who, in (cloiKj
last, felt from the Hal'imora train uf
can, near the Iuzarello ataiion. ij
while returning from a visit iy vyj-vI.
tngtoii,"descriles his feelings ijihu xUr
occasion in ft letter, which ha just t
been puoiisneu. ,
1 recollect a f lumble and a fall Ik
iween the car?, aud the thought Ihsh.
ed through iny mind that the whole
train iuul inevitably pass over me ami
or udi ine to death. I sv inyaIf ly
ing in my coOiu witli my fJmdy m
deep distress aroumr it; mid -the Vw
lure of my home; and iis i,i;,f,v failn.
iar objects, was disiiucf arnl ii.
to myjieiceptionsas if 1 Werc" on ihe
spot.
1 fell between tho cars, with mr
neau louai.l ine mshle of. the irark
i aiuMu the fall, befote leaching the
ground I ituisi ir been strurk by
pllic aleps ol the advancin g car and
Biiocacu uy them out on the side of
the track. Upon rrcovsiing'my
cioullea.-, I found mvielf lying aloif--
jt.i. ..r .. . . i.
'
aiui. in in. HIIMMU UiKK. C HCCI-
M . a. -
tC, j,aj cx'ul
ently. been uiinerceived.
j Probably the noise of the train drown-.
ed any cms I may have made in fal
ling, at all;evciits th- train ws .'one
out oY IicariilViidl'oTnToiVuv.cTT
i . i. i - .
aion weiicrmg; in iuochi, hi the mid
dle of a sharp frosty night. To add
to my dirconiforts, 1 was er.tiiely una
ble to aet, my cye.s wre tightly clWd,
lh cireclof a eevcre contusion on the.
face, which 1 received iu my fall, and
upon trying to walk, I found iiivtrlf
unable to stand. I cudearorrd t
make myself comfortable for the niht
or as much so as pof-ib!. To dnV
cud, 1 seated myself on the load side,
ami Uniiid a couple")f handkerchiefs
around iliy licad, to standi the ihiw
of blood and keep oil' ilia told night
air. .My hat I groprd about foi, but
could not find : when iccovcird next
day, it: was 4iscovcicd that a :ugi
piece had been cut nfTby the wheel,
of the cars.
I could hear (he occasicual biay
g ol a donkey and the crowing of
rn
the cock; so judging that I w;i n..t
far from .some habitation, 1 called
alotul with coinidciablc energy inoi- :
der to notify the itciiglriiorhotid that
soincthiiig'had ltappei,,d. I bsd r.-n ,
'tinned this exeicise for a long lime;
in fact until my voice had grown quile
faint, and had debated iu my mind .f
the chances of surviving lbs whole
night's exposure to the Irostv ait..
(which I unwillingly decided, iu the
negative,) when 1 was lppioaced by .
some hich, who were alii.icicd by my
cries for help. The proved in Uetf
some fishermen who, when they braid
ine weie about going to haul theii
net : their names aie Hcmy M."
l-'aunce, Jacob f?. Ite (.'hii-tian Hy
son and Henry il. Pole, all rrsidenl '
of Kcu-iugtoii, IMiiladelphia. 1 lakc-i
much pleasure iu recording their'
names, as 1 . feel that, under 1'iovi-
u , I wrc the preservtion ofiny
life toll icir' dit interested kindliest, for ,
my sticng'h was nearly exhatiMcd
when ihey came lo my iclief. They
informed me that 1 was near the Ijz-
j rel1'
! ai,U11
arelto Ilosjiital, the Philadelphia quai-
amine station, whither they ranted
S ,M,:i am' where my Wounds weir, dress- J
rI. l;iider the iiifluciice of opiairs I
' i -i . . : . ,
i.i:acu me iiiosiicsiiess uigiitol ui) Me 1
and timing the interval, 4uy paiiM.
seem to have culminated, for uhen 1
became conscious in the iiiuriti.i I
lotmd myself like Trinculo. all (Hit
ache, It was not however', till the
uextdjy that I Xeauit; ilic extent, ol
my injuries. I cannot ullicienily ex
pre? the thanks 1 ewe to the iqeiin.
tendciilo! tlie Lazaretto. If r Carneri-
-her a iav of leu days in ihe ho-pi
,:,h 1 wa fulfil iciilly rccovend lorii-
hice the fatigue uf a. joutnev In i
t....l ... .
tins iiioniv.ui iu iriirr leio.iin
f the iccurreuce exctpting
limp and a few.derp t-cai.-'vi
piobably indelible.
a dilit.
hich ;ur
i ir.i.i.ni-Mi.,M.s-. o-e lrer,
'('umbo, why am von like. A l.'-.rL.
V,ftit. v.. ..............
i ...... r.i '
NelnVr guess dat in the wml, rnz
I ain't, you black fiH.I.' 'i)U i-, hotirv,
ro. you walche iiinst Jim sioie
11 a
111,1 '0" " 1,1,1 ,a ,H''0' whili- giiai.
l,al ! Vah, h i, Im !'
X..... !.. .1 I . .
nr. ijji aill IHTflV kilMUI.lii
ami combiiisiificattug to. calcnlate
mm ...
hut, nigger why i you like a gentle
men V J)ah ! dat lump huu.( "T
BrCss my oul, (Iimiha, I uelcr tink
oh dat giln her up
Yah, yah ! so does J. rerible as
I is licen tinkin of it tre davs, ami
aju furdcr offdau I wa at de stait!'
Western ;7eMrfc .Mr. SiH-aker,
my country heal alj creation : l.,si
( year we made fifty il,oond kirieho f
j w lu-kry. Usidcs u a-ting I lousaud.s ol
Mrs. I'mt 'uigton ,m Xlandmrs, 'it
! there in .-nivluule .....i,.i .
I . ...... . ... , lMC cnuisicr ,,i
veu uiat I nave
in utter excteeu
f I,IC amiable Mrs. Paitihgi,,,, .j
j" a "hindercr, going about like a vile
j hoy constructor circulating Ids caiomt I
"9 .,,"K9- ' always knew
one by-his phuuiahogany. h f,cut
ns though llzabuh 4.ad siam,ed him
jyiih us privoie signal, and every
hmg he looks at aptiear to turn yd-
.'llullll ll-!.. I f II. t I
?'l?oriat CompHtnvuts.'UzU;
aid a broii.er bi nator to the .Scnaio
rial Krpresentativeof.NewIIani.hir .,
y01 kuoivuhat Cass says cfyou".'
He say ycui arc a OrallileJoo.r
Just ic tho (.Vnrral forme will Vou
that he h a great MuU'tgander. '
!irltt 4 rental.. - ... " M,c Jii
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