North Carolina Newspapers

No sooth in gstrai ns of Maia's son Shall lull itshundred eyes to sleep.'! $1.00 a Year, $1.00 a Year - GOLDSBO BO, N . C, "WED NES D AJXi SEPTEMBD It M 9. 1909. VOL. XXTV NO. 86 "This Argus o'er the people's rights Doth an eternal vigil keep; A CELEBRATED HERO Centennial of The Birth of Admiral Semmes Celebrate!. Assisted at the Landing of General Taylor's Army at Monterey and t Was Present at Taking of T the City of Mexico. i New Orleans, La., Sept. 27 By command of Gen. Clement A. Evans, commander-in-chief of the United Confederate Veterans, and in accord ance with resolutions adopted at the last annual reunion, today was et aside throughout the South for the ob servance of the one hundredth anni versary of the birth of Rear Admiral Semmes, one of the most celebrated heroes of the Confederate States navy. Admiral Semmes was born in Charles county, Maryland, September 27, 1809. In 1825 he was appointed v midshipman in the United States navy, and in the ensuing winter made his first cruise in the sloop of war Lex ington. He saw service during the "war with Mexico, assisted at the land ing of General Taylor's army at Mon terey and was present at the taking of the City of Mexico. At the outbreak of the Civil "War he resigned his commission and im mediately offered his services to the Confederate States government. He purchased the Habana, a propeller jacket of 500 tons, plying betweer :New Orleans and Cuba, and hastily equipped her as a commerce-destroy-er. This vessel he renamed the Sum ter and succeeded in taking her out of New Orleans, which was blockaded hy the Federals. For several months he cruised along the coast of South America and made many rich cap tures. In the latter part of 1861 he crossed the Atlantic, arriving at Cadiz, Jan uary 2, 1862. Being closely blockadec at Gibraltar, he sold his ship and witi several of his officers went to Eng land and thence to the Bahama Islands. Soon afterwards he was commissioned captain and sent tc England to take command of Jhe new ship building in the Mersey for the Confederate States. Captain Semmes commissioned the vessel as the Confederate man-of-war Alabama, and on August 24, 1862, be &an a series of daring and successful cruises, lasting nearly two years. - On January 11, 1863, he fought and spank the United States steamer Hat leras. off' Galveston. The following. June he encountered in the -English "Channel, off Cherbourg, the United "States steamer Kearsarge, in com mand of Captain Winslow. After one of the most desperate naval battles of the war. Semmes surrendered and twentv minutes later the Alabama sank. Captain Semmes escaped by jumping overboard, and a few months later returned home and was commis sioned real admiral. With the close of the war he returned to his home in Mobile, and devoted the remainder of his life to the nractice of law. His death occurred August 30, 1877. MONTANA WELCOMES PRESIDENT Elaborate Arransreinents Hae Beer Completed for His Visit. Butte, Mont., Sept. 27. After nieht ride through the mountains from Pocatello, President Taft's sp dal train reached this city shortly b fore seven o'clock this morning. An immense crowd was at the station to greet iiie President. After an inform al reception, the President was taken on a drive about the city, viewing points of interest. A brief address and vn informal luncheon completed the program of the visit. At l':30 the presidential train departed for Helena. Helena, Mont., Sept. 27. The most elaborate arrangements have been completed for the visit of President 'Taft in this city, and he will be kept husv from the hour of his arrival late ;this afternoon until he shall leave at v-( -n Tn for SDokane. A brief ad- p. X" .... . ... 1- J 2 4. X n 11. dress at tne uapitoi ana a visn iu tne .Montana state air are me cuitsi icd- .tiirea of the urogram. The governor of Montana, the mayor of Butte and a delegation of representative business men will receive the distinguished guest. A detachment of military from Fort Harrison will furnish the escort, oTrtnirnniUFliS' THTFITTNG- - .- There will be a me'-ns of the stockholders of The Goldsboro Argus Publishing Company at 4 o'clock Thursday afternoon, S p- ember 30, 1909, in the president's office of the Bank of Wayne. v JOS. E. ROBINSON, f Secretary. HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL. Association Re-organized and "Fast . Now Practicing Daily. Football, which was revived at the Goldsboro High School last fall, after a lapse -of ten years, and which af forded our citizens no small amount of pleasure, is again in season, and the boys of the High School are most enthusiastic in their efforts to again develop a winning team. The Athletic Association was re-organized last week, and on the first day forty members were enrolled. This number has since greatly in creased. Several plans were formu lated as to how money might be raised to properly equip the team and systematic campaign of securing funds entered upon. The following were elected officers: .f: Grover Tyson, president; Bazil Wat- kins, vice-president, secretary and treasurer; Mr. J. E. Avent, manager; Mr. J. L. Hathcock, assistant mana ger ; Thomas Daniel, captain. Football practice has been carried on each afternoon for the past two weeks and prospects point to a fast team, the line-up of which will prob ably be: Bu"k Eackley, f ill back; Oi inond and Britt, half-backs; Daniels, quarterback; Spenee and King, ends, with other positions to be filled by Watkins, Borden, Daughtry, Denmark, Hummel, Dewey, Whitneld, sutler, Outlaw and Manley. And not to be forgotten is Gaston Dortch, with his 190 pounds of avoirdupois, wno last year starred on the local gridiron as centre, and who will again delight enthusiasts with his sensational play- inS- The boys look in a large extent to the citizens for financial aid and-re- spectfully solicit support m tne way of attendance at the games soon to be played. The team represents Golds- boro and her High School and, there-J fore merits' the good wishes and aid of the people of Goldsboro. The boys promise on their part to furnish ex-1 citing contests. STORM-SWEPT AREA CRIPPLED, oss of Life Placed at 100 Accurate List of Dead Not Known. New Orleans, La., Sept. 23. Those engaged in the work of rescue . and I repah made necessary by the West I Indian hurricane, which swept Louis- iana and Mississippi last Monday have found their task far more colossal than they expected. Practically all of the "isolated coun-1 try sections of the storm-swept area J ave now been explored, but until def-1 inite reports have been received from relief parties it will not he possible j to form anvthlns like an accurate list! of the dead and injured. I A conservative estimate tonight of I the number of people who lost their lives as a result' of the hurricane places the total at one hundred. In spite of the work of thousands I of men brought in by the railroad, tel-1 esrraDh and telenhonec ompanies, New Orleans and many other smaller cities J in Louisiana and Mississippi are- still seriously handicapped in the way of communication with the outside world. Many miles of tracks, trestles and bridges are yet to be replaced by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and at the present time their depot at the foot of Canal street has the appear- ance oi a aesertea vmage. iue irama of this road are being sent out over! the Queen and Crescent route. The main line of the Illinois Cen- tral-Railroad is still blocked,' as eight J pages of the Sun, brings his connec miles of the track and roadbed werel tion with that paper to a close today. washed out at Manchac Sections of the rails and ties were carried clear out of the right of way by the rush- ing waters, and it will be several days before through traffic is resumed over the main line. The trains are now being detoured over the Yazoo and Mississippi "Valley road. . The other railroads have succeeded in clearing their tracks. CHARLEY HEAD RUNS AMUCK. Demented From Drink He Shoots Wildly Upon Street Yesterday. No little excitement was caused yesterday afternoon about five o'clock when Charley Head, a white man of this city, acting under the influence of firink. without provocation fired three . ' - . . . . i J I n X 11, n I n.ots into a crowu siauumg at intersection oi - jouu auu . '"uum streets. One bullet hit Richard White a respectable colored laborer, in the left wrist, but fortunately the others went wild. Head was brought to trial this morning on three charges. For dis ' charging firearms on the city streets he vias fined $10 and costs, and waslwho' was the choice of a large element ' bound over to Superior Court under! b inds of $100 and $200 respectively for carrying a deadly weapon and for on nniRing an assa'ut wim me same. New nets don't catch old birds. The neighbors' misfortunes to are only dreams. OLD QUESTION REVIVED The Confessional Cannot Be Invaded by The . Court. Priest Is Privileged From Being Forced to Go on Stand and Tell What Has Been Confessed to Him by Penitent. Baltimore, Md., Sept. 26. Attor neys, members of the bench and au thorities upon jurisprudence in Balti more were interested today to ob serve in a Massachusetts court of law a revival of the question as to how far communication between the penitent and tne priest confessor in the Ro man Catholic Church is to be treated as privileged and, under the rules of evidence, exempt from showing se crtts of the confessional to the public eye. . Cardinal Gibbons, head of the Ro man Catholic Church in America, de- clared today ttat judge Milliken was rignt in declaring tne testimony of the woman in sucn a case not privileged and tnat the action of the court was , accordance with established orece- dgnt ,.j j gne wanted to relate conversa- Uon ln tne confessipnal, it is evi- denc.fi." said the Drelate. "but the rf t is Drivneeed from being forced tQ gQ Qn tte gtand and tell what has been gaid tQ nim in tne confessional. Tnig latter was established in New York somethine like one hundred , th rn1emaT1 CASe where u wag laid down that a priegt does not - t t th ofmversations of the confesalonal ." "TJt.Ara.llv sneakinsr. none of the conversation in the confessional is privileged," said John P. Roe, pro fessor of the law of evidence in the Maryland University, and one of the greatest authorities upon evidence in the East, "but practically the . priest lis privileged in this respect because by custom it has been learned that you cannot make the incumbent of the priestly office speak of matters which are to be sacredly kept secret. He will die first rather than reveal these secrets. In this case, however, where the woman wished to speak, her evidence was not privileged, in the sense that it was incompetent, as the conversa- tion between a wife and husband or a lawyer and his client would be, if either wished not to disclose it. "There has been no case of this sort decided in this state that I know of," continued Mr. Poe, "although it was attempted at one time to change the statute and place among the priv- ileged communications the conversa- tion of the confessional. This was not done, however." I By statute in some jurisdictions this J privilege has extended to physicians I and slergymen notably in New York, LEAYES BALTIMORE SUN. I Dr. Franklin Joins Editorial Staff of v - Vnat Baltimore, Md., Sept. 26. Dr. Fa I bian Franklin, who for the past year has "been a contributor to the editorial I He received and accepted last June a call from the New York Evening Post to become associate editor of that paper, and will assume his new duties at the beginning of next month. Dr. Franklin's removal , to New York ter- mlnates a residence of forty years in Baltimore. He came to this city with his parents in 1869 from Washington, where at the age of sixteen he had just graduated from Columbian Col lege now George Washington Uni versity. ' - For years Dr. Franklin was con nected with the Baltimore News as editor, when the paper was under the management of Charles H. Grasty. GOV. JOHNSON'S MONUMENT. America Continues to Breed Men h0Te Monev and Above Price. The value of the estate left by Gov. J John A. Johnson of Minnesota is-es I tiiuated at $18,000. j This modest property was that of a I man who had been many years in pub - lie life, who 1 had been three times j elected governor of a great state, and of his party for the office of Chief Magistrate. . The figures of the estimate consti tute not only a' monument to the fidel ity and integrity" of Governor Johnson, but they are additional proof - that America continues to breed men capa us ble of sacrificing to the public service all thought of pecuniary gain. ' A LOOK AHEAD. Honors of the Air, Science and Ro- ' - " --. -... . -mance Are Joiaed. ;; In celebrating with unwonted dis play two great achievements of the past, New York takes a long - look backward. But one event in the week's program forecasts the future; it invites a look ahead. The Fulton Aerial Flight from New' York to Al bany demands the - mechanical skill and inventive genius that Fulton drew upon in devising the Clermont, and the daring' and love of .adventure which Hudson and other early navi gators so notably possessed. In the race for the honors of the-, air, science and romance are joined. ?The field of contention is that noble valley where in Hudson and Fulton , won lasting fame. The mastery of the air in 1909 is still as primitive as was geographic knowledge of our continent in 1609. Though the balloon is even older than the steamship, the flying machine is yet a beginning, like the Clermont. It is not six years since that memorable date, December 17, 1903, of which the Wrights have said: ' "It was the first time in me history of the world that a machine carrying a man had . risen in the air in free flight, had described a circle on the same horizontal level without mis hap' ; A greater feat is how proposed; riot an aeroplane exhibition such as those which are to take place at Governors island, but a long trip of ordered f.ve miies from Moulins. The explosion L The appointment to the manage travel m the air; not a test but a Was plainly heard in Moulins. ment of the com' flight, with the added interest of com- . . , , , , XT I petition, toiiowmg m tne patn or Hua- i son and Fulton. Such a feat as a race through the; air from one city to I anotner xu mues oisni nas not yet m any country been attempted. Ihe winner will achieve -or neignten world-wide famej ; the spectators will be looking on al an exploit which does j not merely commemorate history but makes it. The pole is found, the waste places j of the world are explored. The Hud-1 sons and Fultons of today are plan- ning the conquest ofsthe sky. It is j the most alluring 'quest that is left Soldiers are now guarding the re- New York. All eyes were turned to them. The race in he air fittingly mains of the Republique, acting in the ward New York, the contestants wish honors the heroes whVjse names the name of the government. The vie- ing to reach the metropolis early in week is to celebrate. If they could j join in the flesh in their own festiva1 this is the feature of it which would rivet their closest attention.. POPULAK TASTE IN READING. Proof Is Given That World's Greal Masters Are Still "Best Sellers." It is now less than four vears since th issue, hv a London nnhlisher of the first volumes in asseries of re prints of the works of standard au thors, which marked an interesting experiment in providing the public with the world's best literature in handy and inexpensive form. The books were clearly printed and taste fully bound and sold for a shilling On the recent addition of the four hundredth volume to the list the an nouncement was made that more than 5,000,000 separate copies had been dis posed of. . That is, fully five times the number of books in the Library of Congress more than double the "number of vol umes in the Bibliotheque Nationale oi Paris, the " world's largest library books all of a substantial character have been absorbed within this briei time by a reading public whose intelli gence is too often measured by the sales of "popular" fiction. The prof given that theworld's great masters of literature are still the "best sell ers," that works published in Athens and Rome before the Christian era oi in WSelmar or Florence centuries age are today in lively demand, is ar agreeable tribute to the quality anc" correctness of modern popular taste in literature. ' ' " Included in this library of cheap re prints are Shakespeare, of whos works in this form 50,000 copies havt been sold ; Greek and Latin classics in translation; twelve volumes of Rus kin; history, biography, science, re ligion, economics, travel and explora tion ; essays and fiction. The an nounced intention of the publisher oi visiting - America "to consult witl American professors and heads ol schools as to future additions and probably as to an enlargement of the scope of .the library"' points to a rec ognition of the part the American reading public has taken in making the library a success.. In contributing to that result it has given evidence of a taste that remains unvitiated and inaeea nas improvea in spue or me debasing innuences Drougnt to Dear on it. There are two sides to every ques ttion even to frying an egg. Neutrals think to tread on eggs and break none. : Anyhow, Cook beat - Peary to the banquet board. BALOOH EXPLODES Four French Officers Hurled To Shocking Death From Mid Air. Fifteen Minutes Before the Accident the Big Dirigible Seemed Under Control Cause of Explo sion Unknown. Moulins, France. Sept. 25 The iir- igible army balloon Republique ex ploded near here to Jay while 500 fe in the air. Four aeronauts were killod in.antly. The aeronauts who lost their . lives were CaPtain Marchal and Lieuten- ants cnaure, Vincent, and Kaux. They were crushed to death when the bal- loon car struck the ground after a f"ghtful plunge. The cause of the explosion has not y T aetene- as al of the oc- ujjauLo wcic iuiiuu tuu me uaiiuun Decause ne nas nad tobacco interest so badly smashed that there is little here at the time. When he left for chance of learning the cause from the 'East he went to establish the this source. American Tobacco Company there and When the Republique passed over when the government required the Moulins, from La Palisse, she was ap- interests to be sold the Durham dip barently under oerfect control. The inmnt so i explosion occurred a quarter of an hour afterward, when the balloon was a ereat nroW(1 rshpri tn the . 7 . Qf the wreck and it was necessary for soldiers to hold the excited throng in check. A11 four of the occupants of the bal- loon were dead when tne firgt of tne rriWH raa.h tv. on r, Marchal and Lieutenant Raux were terribly mangled. Eve witnesses of the nrriHt v that thp hallnnn foil tn tt.,A within a minute after the explosion. For a moment it seemed to pause inl the air, then it shot to the earth with frightful rapidity. . . j Urns of the accident were brought to J jtbe city and their bodies pr-epared for j burial. The Republique had only recently bgen put into commission again, after factory to all, the wisdom of the tech an accident, in which it was blown nical committee in dividing the jour f rom its moorings by a heavy wind ney from Boston to New York being and badly damaged. j In the recent army maneuvres the Republique achieved distinction as a I successful scout balloon, and was the I Pride of the war ministry. I OTI v i - m.I ine jttepuDiique is tne second nrst-l class army dirigible that has been yesterday the roads in some places lost, the other being the Patrie, were full of ruts and gullies and the which broke away from 200 men who autoists were badly shaken up. For were trying to hold it during a storm the first time during the contest the and was carried out to sea. pilot car was overhauled on the trip The destruction of the Republique and led the procession of more than leaves the French army without a dir- sixteen cars closely bunched into igible balloon worth the name, and town. The rest of the cars mostly places the country at a decided disad- were spinning along the road at in vantage with Germany in aeronautic tervals of a mile apart, and all reach Vxperimentation, the latter country ed the checking station only a few laving war dirigibles of the Zeppelin, minutes after the first car had official- Grrc-ss, and Parseval types. THE SIZE OF THE COTTON CROP Theodore H. Price Gives Reasons for the Slow Increase. New York, Sept. 27. Theodore H Price, the well known, operator in cot ton, in a recent . address before the convention of National Association of C'otton aMnufacturers set fourth some of ihe reasons for the slow increase in the size of the cotton crops from year to year in the South. "In the twenty years ended in 1900," ie said, "the white population of the outh has increased 57.3 per cent., while the negro population has in - creased only 57.3- per cent. The in- crease has, however, been unequally distributed. ' In the ten years ended in 1900 the total population of the cotton states increased 24 per cent., but of this increase by far the largest pro- portion was in the cities, the rural population having increased only 19 per cent., while the urban population increased 44.8 per cent. ; During the ten years ended in 1900 de find that the increase in the negro rural population was only 15.8 'Dur- ng the same period practically none of the emigration reaching the shoreslbe our guests. - - jf the United States has been directed oward the cotton-producing section. The wastefulness with which cotton is handled, packed, and marketed, Is eriven as a fruitful source of lack of increased production. Dr. Cook talks like a man who had seen the things he describes. - Cupid has turned the Elkins-Abruzzi match over to the-newspapers. The Taft smile is making a sunny weather belt across the continent. Everything new Is beautiful. PARRISH SUCCEEDS CARR. Well-known Durham Citizen Becomes Sales Manager for V.-C. C. Co. Durham, N. C., Sept. 26. The an nouncement today that Capt. E. J. Parrish had been appointed general 3ales manager of the Virginia-Carolina Chemical Company to succeed the late Lewis A Carr, struck Durham as a pleasing" surprise. The division un der Captain Parrish is, of course, North. Carolina, the same territory held by Mr. Carr. His service begins this week, and he will have but little to learn to walk right into the duties so well discharged by Mr. Carr, who was the big spirit of the fertilizer trust. Captain Parrish has a hold up on the farmers that few men hava been able to have. He has been many years in the tobacco business and may be said to be the author of the American Tobacco Company in Japan. Captain Parrish is almost father to the great young town Durham. He has been with it since it started and barring his six years sojourn in Ja- pan he has put money and energy in every year that he has lived about the place. His residence in the Orient did not, however, take him entirely away ness up that the company made him a rich man for his great services romih, , nnu n a aaiaiy tiie size of the Vice-Preslripnt officers. " - THE MUNSEY CARS HEAD FOR NEW YORK CITY The First and Only Stop Will Be Made at Hartford, Conn. The Dis tance Is 140 Miles. Williamantic, Mass., Sept. 27. The tourists in the Munsey reliability con test got away this morning bound for the afternoon to have the necessary meetings of observers and a few hours to enjoy the Hudson-Fulton celebra- tion. The schedule has been satis- generally recognized Tre first and only stop will be made at Hartford, Conn. The distance to New York is 140 miles and the time of I the running seven hours and a half, T J . J 1 . A 1 1 uetween mis city ana proviaence I ly reported. There was no . meeting of observers last night and conse quently no road scores were made public. TAFT IN WILMINGTON. Big Military Display Contemplated. Goldsboro's, Companies Invited. The captains of Goldsboro's two I crack military companies have each received the following invitation, J which speaks for itself: " Wilmington, N. C, Sept. 24, 1909. Dear Sir: A cordial invitation is extended your command to be with us on November 9, which day President 1 Taft will make his . visit to this city. In fact, I would urgethe company to come. It is only for one day, and I am confident that we can bring you in during the morning and arrange for your departure in the evening, should you desire to return that day, giving you the whole day here with the President, getting the men home, j that they might have a night's rest Mand be at their place of business the j following morning. . I We also expect to secure for the! j military organizations one cent a mile fare, and while in our city you will The only' expense to the men will be railroad fare, which is nominal. I Que day holiday, with the great priv- j ilege and pleasure of being with the I resident, and a good time generally, There will be a big parade. The Noith Carolina military will act as special escort to the President, Please take this up witb your company socn-as possible and advise me If you . will come and I will arrange sched ules and railroad rates at this end. With assurances of my regard, I am Very truly, J. VAN B. METTS," Chm. Escort and Parade Committee. ON PEM ii . i&. rhis Litest Development Makes Him The Presonifi cation of Littleness. Commander Peary Would Not Allow Cook's Property on Board the 4 RooseTelt, So Whitney Had to Leave Them Behind. New York, Sept. 27. Developments in the past twenty-four hours have cu-minated in developments adding fuel to -the already bitter dispute be tween the scientists and other sup poiters of Dr. Frederick A. Cook and Commander Robert E. Peary. Simultaneous with the planned de parture of Peary for Bar Harbor, Me., to prepare his "annihilating" state ment, came further entanglement in the cablegram from Harry Whitney that he had left Cook's instruments ami data behind. At least, he said, he left behind him at Etah a box, given in his keeping by Cook which he thcught contains Cook's instruments. Added to this came the information from London that the London Chron icle's private correspondent has been allowed to see, at v Eagle Island, data in the possession of Peary which may completely refute the claim of Cook thtt he was the first white man to rer,ch the north pole. Dr. Cook will deliver his first lec ture tonight at Carnegie Hall. The question which is agitating the scientific- supporters of Cook and has caused even the explorer himself some worry is, will Dr. Cook be able to es tablish beyond dispute his claim of having been the first white man to reach the north pole without his in struments, which were left cached with certain data by Harry Whitney at Etah. This doubt and apprehension are the result of word from Whitney that Commander Peary had compelled him to leave Cook's property at Etah. "To be perfectly frank," said Dr. Cook, "it is most desirable to have the instrumental corrections. vHow -the scientists will regard my proofs now with the instruments missing 13 for them to say. ' I feel that the instruments are safe where they -are and that when I ' ey will he forthcom ing. The only difficulty now is that it is the worst time of the year to send for them. I will have to wait. "The box which I left with Whit ney was an ordinary wooden affair containing about two cubic feet. The instruments were packed in their wa terproof cases and the data which I left there was already so blurred that I had made duplicate copies of it. It would be for the scientists to decide entirely as to whether my trip would be available without the production of instruments." Dr. Cook said that the two Eskimoes Who accompanied him to the pole would be brought to the United States within a year. This information was given when Cook was told of the accu sation that the two young men were inexperienced and unable physically to make the north pole trip. The . following cablegram - was re ceived by Cook from Whitney: "Strathcona, via Indian Harbor and Cape Ray, N. F. "'Dr. F. A. Cook, Waldorf: . "Started for home Roosevelt, Noth ing arrived for me. Peary would al low nothing belonging to you on board. Said to leave everything in cache at Etah. Met Captain Sam, of Norm Star. Did not go back. After oin schooner St. Johns take steamer home. Hope you well. See you soon. Explain all. Good shooting. "HARRY WHITNEY." TAFT IN MORMON PULPIT. The Chief Executive Pleads for Peace and Harmony Between AH People. Salt Lake City, Utah, Sept." 2 6. In the -pulpit of the famous Mormon tab- ernacle in this city, where four years ago Theodore Roosevelt, then Presi dent, preached a long sermon on right hiving and the duties of good citizen- ship, President Taft today faced an audience which he said inspired him to try to follow in the footsteps of I his predecessor, r The President's sermon was an ap peal for amity between the people for attributing the best rather than the worst motives to the action of others a When: possible to do so and not to harbor hatred or animosity. as "A soft answer turneth away wrath. w J but grievous words stir up anger,1 - was the text Mr. Taft selected from the book of Proverbs. The sermon SHAME was largely made up of a relation of stories to give emphasis to the points.' Walter Wellman' will not even be able to reach the lecture platform.