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S U B Sjl& &&fc. & SY A.WCSe-aePRO DEO, ET PRO PATRIA.-eA BTOQSp 8? AVlSC!
NEW SERIES.
GIvEENSBOROUGII, N. C, FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 4, 1838.
VOL. II NQ 11.
rS
ir TiiniiiiiMiiiiiiwiiiiiiniiMiiiiMiHiiiiiiriH I I
WAKE, TOPER! WAKE ! !
Wake, toper, wake ! thy brow is bare,
And thou art low ly laid,
A claret stream has staiti'dlhy hair,
From wounds upon thy Lead ; ' .,
The gm which lately lit thy brow,
When the din oR'rolic roarcdv.
Is now forgot end nerveless now,
Tlic hand that grasped the board.
,' " ake, toper ! wake ! the spree is o er
The night's approaching last
Thy wife! Oh, aoon thou'lt hear once more
The well known echoing blast !
Thy cheek is fluelied thine eye is black,
Of rather green and red ;
And soon will discord's notes, alack !
Detract thy aching head.
Then, toper, while thou can'st, sleep on,
'Midfct those who round thee lie ;
'Twcre horrid at the morning dawn,
To find no gin-sliop nigh !
The green grass sod will bo thy bed,
Thy canopy he skies
The dews of heav'n will cool thy head,
. And ijothe thy blackea'd eyes.
MO.VOS AiSD MAI.MONOS.
a leoend by bilweu.
I am Knglish by birth, and my eafly
years were passed in . I had nei
ther brothers iwr sisters ; my mother dte-0
ivlu-i. 1 was i:i the cradle ; and 1 found my
sole companion, lutor and playmate in iny
lather. He was a vouuger brother of a
J noble and ancient house ; what' induced
him to lois.ike bis country and his fruuds,
to objure all society, and to live on a rock,
is a story m itseil, which tiu noUiing to
tlo with nun -.
As tlic Lurd livtlh, I bdieve Uie tule
thai 1 shall tell pyr wjjj jVU sulliciiiuil
claim on your atiention, without calling in
1. U4Lof y wt - jiwtkuf to prvlace 4t most
exquisite-details, or to jjivu interest to its
mot amusing events. I said my father
lived un a rock 'the wholu country round
"fcW-
tblack, dreary; tree stunted herbage bUt-1
l- rim Ihrnii.ili which iiiif lunri.
4.cu : catrn, through which tome biacK
,iiuiid wild stream (Uiat never kucw star or
'ibuiilji;:il, but thiough raze ray,d hideous
jL'h.isui ol l lie hugu btoncii above it) went
jsiung and howling o.i m Mestti cwir.se :
lit clill'o, covtiCa with eternal mijv,,
a lure the birutifll prey lived, ami sunt .u
creams aHJ discordance, a grattfjt and
a:iect music fo. the hoavens, w mch st'eined
' 4tou cold aud . barren to ' wear t. vcu cloud
- -Won their wan, gray comfortless expanse ;
,i),t s,; made the charatHer of tliat country
twin re tin spring ol my life- sickened Use II
lniva. Tile c limule which, tk the milder
. ji.iiiVjf, relieves the nnx mouths
1 winter ivith thjree months of an hhrupt
und auiunuitcs surriucr, never scemetfj
.i... .i i . .
H if.try ui me geuin; uuu bwcui region -in
Svvhich mil home was maced. 1 erhans. lor
'p briil interval, the snoVin the valleys
; j land the utrcauw swelled, and"i-bjuc, ghast
- ' y, unnatural kind , of vegetation" emed
V- fiere and there to mix with thg, rudeiictiji,
r scatter a grim smile. over niuute parti-
les of the universal rock ; but to tlicde
.'fitnesses of the changing season were the
rfj'jpuinmprs of my boyhood confined. My
j "father was addicted lo the sciences -the
: Mt sical sciencesand poss;s3td but a
.iioderalc share of learning in any thing
'4U' : he tiifht me all he knew ; and the
a. . . . . i ..' .. . ..I i itjii nilurn nn. ......
nd stern guise, instilled in my heart by
ilcril but detj) lessons. She taught inv
ct to bound, and my arms to smile; she
lifeathed hie into iny passions, and shed
ark'tess over my temper ; she taught me
ititf un'allurth.y form, and iotehriuk from all j
Hit
L-e iruni wie tHJiiinaniousnip oi in in, aiiu
nr .oir smiles oi w ouhui, ana me inriu
voh-c ol cniiunooil ana the tics, and Itoues,
iiid su 'lalitiek; and objects of human cs-
stenc, us from a torture aad ja curse.
.vcn in Uiat sullen rock, and beneath that
'kingenial sky, I had luxuries, unknown to
Ihe nailed taste of cities, or to those who
ivoo delight in an air of odours and in a
and of res ! What were those luxuries ?
S'hey had a Myriad of varieties and shades
f cnjoyineiit Hbcy had but a common
aine. What uexeihose luxuries? Sol
itude
My uthcr died when I was eighteen :
was transferred to my uncfo 'a protection,
and I n paired lo London. I aruved there,
lunt and stern, a giant in limbs, and
itreugili, and to the tastes of those about
file, a savngc in bearing and in mood
tri i.i i . . .. i i i i . ,
jiney ho'jiu nave laugneo, uui l awcu
liein; they would have altered mc, but I
Ijang. d llicm ; I threw adaiipover their
ijiiviiK iit, and a cloud over their mcet
I'L'. Though I said little, thouirh I sat
f"!i ilian. estrani'-ed and silent.
'c they seemed to wither beneath my
uiee. Aobody. could live w ith me
'uNm'-hann". or .1 rnf! ' I fiplt it: mtiA
nt rhcn tTiat tin y could iiot love inc.
. v -, . - ---- --i
i.irt yea repassed I was of age I dc-
4."' my foriune and scorning social
JT'v?i'd fining onfeniore l'oiLjoncliaesal
IhT"'l ,i ' ourncy ,nto those unpeopled
,l!r 1;i"ds, w hich if any have pierced,
XT fca.w'tu;nwl to describe. So L took
. tiy Icae orifii m allcoUsin andaunt
? f i iVi bwi ' cailt5'0' my old uncle,- who
i 'rd :ln4 than any, I grasped his
- JifMlwrthfritndly a gripet that, weU 1
B-.:. "....'
but little inclined to its ordinary functions
in future.
I commenced my pilgrimage-41 pierced
the .'burning' sands I traversed he vast
deserts 1 came into the enormous woods
of Africa, where human slop never trod,
nor human voice ever startled (he thrilling
and intense solemnity that" broods over
the great solitudes, as it brooded over cha
os before the world was ! There the pri
meval nature springs and perishes, undis
turbed and unvaried by the convulsions of
the surrounding .world ; the leaf becomes
the tree, lives through its uncounted ages,
falls and moulders, and rots and vanishes,
unwitnessed in its mighty and mute chang
es, save by the wandering lion, or the wild
ostrich, or that huge serpent n hundred
times more vast than the puny boa that
the cold limners of Europe have painted,
and whose bones the vain student lias pre
served as a miracle and inarvi I. There,
too, as beneath the heavy and dense shade
I couched in the scorching noon, I heaid
the trampling as of an army, and the crush
and fall of the strong trees, and beheM
through the matted boughs the behemoth
pass on its terrible way , with its eyes
burning as a sun, and its w hite teeth glis
tening in the rapid jaw, as pillar of spar
glitter in a cavern ; the monster to. whom
only those waters are a home, and who
never, since the waters rolled from .the
Dajdal earth, has been given to human g,iz
and wonder but my own ? Seasons glided
on, but I counted them not, thev were not
doled to me by the tokens of hi in, noi
rad sick lo inc. by the changes of his bnst
life, and the evidence of his sordid labor.
Seasons glided on, and my youth ripened
into manhood, and manhood grew giav
with the first frost of age : and then a v'.igne
and r slh ss spirit 1 II iiHm me. and I nd
i i tiiy fuoljdh hi ir f , ; j willok upon the
couple nances of my roce once inorej,' J
retraced my 8teprrecro8se3 the wastes
I re-entered the cities I took again the
garb of man j for I had been hitherto na-
k -d in ' h j wildcrncgjy and hair had yrowtr
Impaired to
- aiK, lookhl E ,JJe W
.
a sea-
lii tlie vessel there wis one man. and
only one, who neither a?oided my corn
p.imonsliip nor recoiled at my frown. II
was an idle and curious bcin;j, full of the
frivolities, and egotisms, and importance of
t i in to whom towns arc homes, and talk
n.is become a mental ailment, lie w ig one
pervading irritating, offensive- tissue, ol
little and low thoughts. The oidy mean
ness he h id not, was fear. It was impos
sible to awe, to silence, or to shun him.
lie sought me for ever; he was as a blister
lo me; which no force could tear away :
my soul grew faint when ray eyes met his.
He was to my' sight as those creatures
which from their very loathsomeness are
fearful a well as despicable to us. 1 lonir-
fed and yearned to strangle, him when he
addressed me! Oltrn I would have laid
my hand on him, and hurled him into the
sea to the sharks, which lynx-eyed and
eager-jawed, swam night and .da v around
o;ir ship; but the gaze of man was on us,
aud I curbed myself, and turned away, and
huR eyes m very sickness ; and w hen
I opcnedNtjiem again, lo ! he was by my
Side, and hisshup, quick voice grated, in
its prying, and aHng, and torturing ac
cents, on my loathiiigimd repugnant car !
One night I was roused froHmy sleep by
the screams and oaths of monSmd 1 has
tened on dick : we had struck upon a
rock. Ii was ' ghastly,, bur oh how glorV.
ous a sight ! Moonlig'ht, still and calm the
sea sleeping in sapphire ; and in the midst
of the siront and soft rcw.- of nil thm-r.
l... l 1 .i f. 1 ;
nut:- umiuu-u ri 1 1 i iin r-nuis were" to r' r
t.j 4Uj autj ,,,,, ( "ot; " A VO!ri. rrr, )lk(.
an adder's hiss"' Upon mvear; I turned
and saw my tormentor the moonlight f li
on his lace, and it grinned wjth the man
diin grin of intoxication, and "his pale blue
eye , gUUcrcd, and ho said, 41 VV will Ttot
part even here !" Mv blood ran coldly
through my veins, and i would have thrown
him intothV sea, which now catno - fast
upon us; but the moonlight was on him.
But I would not atiry to perish with' the
herd, and I threw myself aldne from the
vessel and swam towards a rock. I saw
a shark dart afteT me, , but I shunricd him,
and the Moment after he had plenty to sate
hU maw. I heard a crash, mingled with a
wild burst of anguish, the anguish of three
hundred and fifty hearts that a minute af
terwards were stilled, and I paid in my omvj
heart, with a deep jov, 41 Jli.i voice is with
the rest, and wc have parted !" I gained
the shore, andjay down to sleep.
J he next morning my eyes opened upon
a land more bcautilul . than a Grecian's
Ifeams. The sun had just risen, and
laughed over streams of silver, and trees
bending with, golden and purple frmts, and'
the diamond dew sparked from a sod cov-1
ejered with flowers, whose faintest breath
'I i wis a delirrht. Ten thousand birds with J
wts a jjelih.
all the hues of a northern rainbow blended
in thejr glorious and growing wings, rose
from turf and tree, and loaded tho air with
-toclody arid gladness; thtr-sra, wttbout a
vestige of the past destruction upon it
glassy brow, murmured at my feet ; the
heavens without a cloud, ajid bathed in a
liquid and radiant light, sent their .breezes
as a blrssin" tx mv cIktIl. I rao wuh a
rffrcshed and li?m hrartu.1 ..i3ayrs.-d 'ih
new. bomie I tiaii
luUo J
uporrt
air6traTatri7afio
o:i a
small island it had no trace of man my
heart swelled as I gazed around and cried
aloud in iny exultation. " 1 shall be alone
again !rt I descended the;'fiill: f fiad not
yet reached its foot, when I saw the figure
of a man approaching towards me. 1 look
ed at him, and my heart misgave me. .lie
drew nearer, and" I saw that my dispicable
persecutor had escaped the waters, and
now stood before me; lie came up with
a hideous grin and hiis twinkling eye ; and
he flung his arms around mc, I would
sooner have felt the slimy folds of the ser
pent, and said, with his grating and harsh
voice, " Ha ! ha ! my friend we shall be
together still !" I looked at him, but I
said not a word. There was a great cave
by the shore, and I walked down and en
tered it, and the man followed me. We
shall live so happily here, said he, " we
will never separate T Aud my lip trem
hied, and my hand clenched of its own ac
cord. It was now noon, and hunger came
upon me ; I went forth and killed a deer,
anil I brought it home and broiled part pf
it on a lire of fragrant wood ; and tho man
ate, and crunced, and laughed, aud 1 wish
ed that the bones had choked him ; and
lift said-, when wc had done, " We shall
have rare cheer here!" But I still held
mv peace. At last ho stretched himself
in a corner of the cavt' aud slept. 1 look
ed at him, aud .iw thai the. elumber was
heavy, and I went out and rolled a huge
stone, to the mouth of the cavern, aud took
mv way to the opposite pirt of ihe island:
it was my luru to laugh then ! I found ou
mother cavern ; enni 1 wrought a table of
wood, and I lioked out from the mouth ol
the (.ivem and :iw ihe wide Bias b. fore
uie, and said " Now I shall be alou !"
W hen the nexi- d.iy c nn , I again went
out a. id caught a kid, and bronchi jt. ut
and prepared it as before ; but I was not
hUlutftfV'd., ud could opt U o-i r1oimd'
forth, and wandered over the .island ; the
sun had nearly set when f returned. I enjuo more, was that ghastly thing. Aud 1
tered tho cavern, nd sitting on my bed
and by '.my tablo iraa that man wftntn I
thought 1 had iofr buried alive tn the oth
er cate. I1V laughed when hd saw me,
Hid laid down the bone ho was jru iwiDir.
"Hi! h.vRT S4id he, you woihl have
served me a far trick ; but there was a
cave which you did not see, and I got ouli
to seek you. It was not a dithcalt matter,
lor the island is so small ; and now we
Aarc mot, and wo will part no more I"
1 said to th in in, "Rise and follow me t"
So he rose, and 1 saw that of all my food
h had left only the bones. 44 Shall this
thina reap audi, sow ? thought I, and my
heart felt to me like iron.
I ascended a tall cliff: 44 Look round,"
said I, "you sec that stream which divides
the island : you shall dwell on one side,
and 1 on the other ; but the same spot shall
not hold us, nor the same feast supply 1"
"That may nercr be !" quoth the man ;
'for 1 cannot catch the deer, nor spring
upon the mountain kid; and if you feed
me not, I shall starve !"
"Are there not Iruits ; said I, "and birds
that you may snare, and tho fishes
which the sea throws up .'"
"But I like them not,' quoth the man,
and laughed, 44so well as the flejli of kids
md deer !"
Look .then,"" said I, "look : by thit gr iy
stone, upon the opposite side of the itreJin,
I will lay a deer or a kid daily, so that you
may have the food you covet ; but -if ever
you cross the stream,. &. .come into mv -king-
lom, so sure as the sea tmitmurs, end the
frml II ies, I will kill you !" ' :
I Hendcd the 5jifT, and led the man to
mi" sine oiwiiii .hi. 1 cannot swim,
siul he ; so ltoqk him on my sho'ildVrs
andTroShd thi: -Kfotikrn;l T loVirtT out "a
'cave, aud 1 made him abcd aud a table
like my own, and left hiim hen I was
o i iny own side of the sir am agaftvl boun
ded with jov, and lifted up my voiced'' I
shall be alone, norr," said I.
So two dayf pased -and I it r alone. "On
t!ic thrid day, 1 wont after my prey ; the
noon was hot and I was wearied when I
returned. I entered my cavern, and be
held the man lay stretched on my bed.
44 Ha ! fr !" said he, "here I am ; ( was so
lonely at home that I have come to live
with you agaiiti
I frowned on the man with a dark brow,
and I said, "So sure as the sea murmurs,
.and the bird flies, I will kill you l'1 1 seiz
ed him m uiy arms ; I plucked him from
mv bed ; I took him out ui the open air;
and we stood together ou the smooth sand
and by the greensfa A feat cain'c sud
denly upon mc ; 1 was struck by the' awe
of the still Spirit w hich" reigns over soli
tude. Hid a thousand been around us, I
w ould have s,la.in him before them all. f
feared now because we were alone in the
desert, with silence and Uod ! I relaxed
my hold. "Swear," 1 said, "ncvc to mo
lest me again; swear, to preserve unpass-
ed the boundary-of our several homes, aud
I wiill not kill you 4" "I -cannot swear,'1
said the man, 44 1 would sooner die than
fprer'wear the bbjssed human face even
thiitirTli "fcU.-if f:in Kr. rv iMipmv'g
At these words my rage returned; I
dashed the man to the ground, and I put
iny foot upon his breast, and my hand up
on his neck j and he struggled for a mo
ment and was dead ! J Was startled ; and
as looked; upon hta faee thought it seerri
ed u reviVn; I tluugbi- tV;.cald oyr. fixed
ij on me, -at t& tlm- vtte grm nrt tinted to th
w-iicwm
death-pang had grasped the sand, stretch
ed themselves out to me. So 1 stamped
oil .the breast again, aud I (lug. a holo
the shore, and I buried the j body. 44 And
now," said I, 44 1 am alone at last !" And
then the sense of loneliness, the vague,
vast, comfortless, objectless sense ol deso
lation passed into mc. And I shook
shook every limb of my giant frame, as if
I had been a child" that trembles in the
dark ; arid my hair ibsc, and my blood
crept, and I. would not hare staid in that
spot a moment more if 1 had been made
young again for it. I turned away and hd
lied round the wholo island ; & gnashed
my teeth when I came to the sea, and lon
ged to be cast into some illimitable desert
that I might flee on forever. At sunset 1
returned to my cave I sat mysef down on
one corner of tho bed, and covered my face
with my hands I thought 1 heard a noise;
I raised my eyes, and, as I live, I saw on
the other end of tho bed the man whom 1
had slain and buried. There ho sat, six
feet from me, and nodded, to me, and look
ed at me with his wan eyes and laughed.
I rushed from the cave and I entered a
wood I threw myself down there oppo
site lo mr, six feet from my face, was the
lace of that man !. Aud my courage rose,
and I spoke, but hf anwetrd not. I at
tempted lo seize him, he glided from my
grasp and was t ill opposite-,' six feet froru
mc as. before. 1 flung myscf on the groud
and pr wed my head to the sod, and would
not look up till night came on, and dark
ness wns over the eaith. I then rose and
munied tn the cave: I laid down on the
h- d, st.d the mm laid" down on in and I
frow n ii, ' id I tried lo aeiz. him as before,
bit I cou!d not, aud 1 clos d my eyes, and
the m.rt l;ty,?y mc ! Day passed on day,
od !l iras the same thing. At board, at
bed, airborne and abroad, in ray uprising
RBftdeiwtt MtUttg , by ly and arntptrihefe'
by my bed-side, and six feet from
toe, aud
said, as I IcoRed upon the beautiful land
j and ttill 'ihtfiaiiina, 'ariid'tlmii luini.d ia ih.ir
f jarful comrade, " I shall never be a 1o.il
again ?'' And the man hnghed.
Ai lit a ship came, and 1 hailed it a
took me up, and I thought as 1 put my loot
on th d.-ck, 4I shall escape my tonncuterr
As 1 thought so, I or him climb ihci'dock
too, I strove to push him down into the
sea, but in vain ; he was by my side, and
heftd and $lept ttith me as brftre ! I came
home to my native land ! I iorcod myself
into crowds I went to tho feast, and 1
heard music and I made thirty men sit
wiih m, and watch-by day and by night.
So 1 had thirty-ow romp mions, and one
more social than all tho rest.
A' last 1 said to mysell, "This is a de
lusion, and a cheat of the external senses,
and the thing is not, save in my mind. 1
will consult those skilled in such disorders,
and 1 will be alone again '"
1 suinmourd one celebrated in purging
from the miudVeye its Minis and deceits
I bound hnu by an oath to secrecy and 1
told hun my talc. He was a hold and a
learned man, and he promised mc relief
and release.
.'' Where is tho figure now," said he
smiling ; 44 I sec it not
AniJ answered, 4 it is six fect from
me !"
" I sec it not," said hg.atpj:" and if
it were real, mv senses' woiUdnGi' receive
the imigc less palpably than yours." And
he spoke to me as school nith speak. I did
not argue or Tepiv, but I ordered my serv
ants to prepare a room, and to cover th
71 . i' - i .i-t 1 J 1 tT.
noor wun a mica layer ot sanii. vvnen
it was done, I bade the Leech follow mi.
into tlii; room, and I barred the door
' Wlief e is tfir 'figure now- !"' repeated he
and J answered, 44 six feet from us as be
fore x And tho Ieeeh smiled- 44 Look
on the Poor," said I, and I pointed to the
pot ; 44 hjmvmd:'TrAm.JjEed3.
shudJercd, and eking to me that he might
uotviuii. inai sanu, said nc, " was
suiootlNvhen he entered, and now I see on
that spot ilroprint of human feet !"
And 1 laugheaVand dragged jmy living
companion on : " sctv' said I, " where wc
move what follows us !
Tho Leech gasped for Freath ; tile
prinL," said he, " of those human
a!"
. 44 Can you not minister to mc
tlii
cried I, in a sudden fierce agony
must I never be. ..alone again!"
' And I saw the fect of the dead thing
trace ronc word uxm the sand; and the
word was- NL Jill.
SPEECH OF AIK. K I KANtiE OF N. C
IX TUB SEXATU OF TU K b. STATES.
(Continued.)
The man who pava cash- as he goes,
cares not whether people hare confidence
in his ability or not; bttt tlm man who
wishes credit requires confidence. This,
in tho case of the individual, is; all fair,
because ...tie frankly acknowledges, 44 i am
not able to pay you now, T but I exfJecfio
be able to pay you at such a time ; and
your belief that he'will industriouslr ex
ert himself to fulfil his engagement, that
he 3 houest,,and that lrovidcncc will smile
upon his exertions, arc the grounds upon
which your confidence is awarded. -rcBut
tho unreasonable demand of the banks is.
that yau should have cohfideiice, not, only
wunoui any ining wnereon to tqsi tt, out
t i thi' face of your; experience that it vis
..'.:il -;o..p... put j g
when their hollowness and inajuial inca
pacity is visible in their whole texture, they
sue lor it in vain.-' When I ask confidence'
that I can lift the feather which I hold in
my hand, I command it also, for 1 show at
thfe-moment that I am able to perform ; but
were 1 to assert an ability to uproot a moun
tain, my dearest friend would sneer nt my
effort to practice on his credulity. Con
fidence, like love, and hope, and joy, must
be the spontaneous grow th of the bosom it
inhabits; it cannot be enforced. But 1
would ask the Senator from Virginia wheth
er his Whig friends, who y ield their sup
port to his substitute, havo- confidence in
it? He knows well they have not. They
use it but as a halfway- house in their
journey onwards to a National Bank, whith
er they will certainly arrive, if time is al
lowed them to recruit their strength at this
hospitable stage. If it is doubted what
opinions the Whigs entertain in relation to
this measure, I will read an extract from a
Whig paper in my own State :
44 Wc inquire next, are the local banks
safe depositories of the public money ? It
is not pretended by any. body, but that tin
removal of the depositos, and placing them
in the pet banks, which afterwards refused
to give them up, was what pnneipallv con
tributed to the fatal overthrow of our once
happy and prosperous financial system.
It is easy to foresee, that while the Gener
al (ioverjiinent remains dependent on Soun
scores of banking corporations, subject
only to the legisl UioO) of the respective5
States that created them, there can be no
public security nauist their selfish frauds
u ul faithless imposition, tempted as thev
arts by that avarice Avhich is at this mo
ment, in one Snape or another, sucking up
the very life's blood of this Republic"
1 proceed new,-in tlie second' place on
this branch of the subjectto treat the
rfaeTsfioh""bT fi I ti mate safety. I made, at
the extra session, a hasty concession, which j
farther reflection compels me to retractVto
wit : that although the revenue would be
;niur'rr,i!?idily .c.umiaa.idoa.oy:Ut'hQjUoir0iub.
n -nt in the hands of its own agents, yet
each particular portion of it would be safer
ui the banks. My retraxit is founded n6t
only upon a consideration of tho sulj ct,
hut uj)on the light which experience has
already furnished in favor of individual a
gency. A tabular statement, for which I
am indebted to .y friend from Cortnccti
cut, Mr. Niles, sccrns to me sufficient to
counterbalance all the theoretic conjec
tufes which have been made in opposition
to it:
Losses by the Oovrrnment by
depasiting in banks, princi.
pal and interest- 1814
1917 - . . . 81,892,642
Depreciation of bills received
and paid out from 1814 to
117 - .
Bills of broken banks now on
hand, interest thereon not
computed - . -
Bank ot the United States
withholding dividend and
interest
Duo 1st. of May,
Treasury and
public ofliccrs $31,212,053
Reportod'for suit
by Secretary,
under act of
(fctober, 1816 4,331,700
Average discount 6 percent, on
eighteen and a half millions
of paper paid out by tlie
banks of deposite ou hand
in -May last .
Average discount on ten mill
ions yet to be paid, say four
per cent.- - -
Loss by individuals from 1814
to 1817, supposed equal lo
Government
6,000,000
179,470
233,122
1,100,000
400,000
6,000,000
TotaL
Thus it appears that no less than about
fifteen millions of dollars have been lost
by the banks, while tho whole amount re
ported, from the foundation of the Govern
ment, to have been lost by individual a-
gents is about three millions of dollars.
And it scorns that this account is subject
to a deduction of about 60 2-3 per cent,
leaving an actual balance ot about one
million of dollars. Recently banks have
failed in the Eastern States by which gen
tlemen on the other side intimate; that
heavy losses have been sustained by the,
creditors, and will be sustained by the
Government. Whether this is so or not,
dangers arc certainly thickening around
the banks, and if the Government loses
nothing bv them, it will be because it will
have li(tle or nothing in their custody.
"Mr. President, in the course ol this de
bate, I am drawn into a very frank expres
sion of my 'opinions of the tendency of the
banking sysicjO. .n.$iftlUiaiia.p.t()d.i(;ed
by deep reflection, and enforced by the
highest sense of duty, liut 1 should. do
injustice to my feelings did I fail4o de
clare that, eo far-aS I anraqnaniUHivtth
banking operations in my own State, they
have been conducted with much integrity,
and thc vils, jr-ihyy are the -evilsi-of the
system, and not of its administrators. Tlu
greatP-Wpurdylwifitrwhich baiiking;ope
rations have been conducted . there, has
rendered us too insetisible to the evils (if i
;acri will look upon those annUli
ciations of opinions on my part as coming
from a heated imagination.
lti addition to readiness of command and
ultimate safety for the revenue, cheapness
of administration," is an important 'consul
oration. Upon this point the people arc
justly sensitive. Economy is an impor
tant principle in a Republican Government,
and ought to be secured so far as may be
consistent with the safety of other princi
ples, more important. The utmost extent
of increase of expense by the adoption of
the Independent Treasury is estimated at
sixty thousand dollars. Now sixty thou
sand dollars considered separately, is a
largo sum;, hut when it is remembered
that' the present revenue expenses of tho
Government exceed two millions of dol
lars, the amount of sixty thousand dollars
is scarcely a drop in the bucket. I havo
taken some pains to ascertain the amount
of the revenue expenses, and have found
ui accurate ascertainment impracticable ;
but 1 am very certain that two millions aro
under tho amount, and that ah ascertain
merit cannot be made without much trouble,
which will not be two or three times the
expense of the Independent Treasury va.
riant from the true amount. But it will
be said that the substitute avoids even this
expense. A remark by the way altogeth-
r inapplicable to the special deposite sys
t' ai, a. great favorite with some gentlemen,
jdi that proposes to pay the banks for keep.
mg the public money, and thereby incur
ring an txpense which I will venture to
s.iy will far exceed the expense of the In
dependent Treasury. Bui the apparent
xemption of tho substitute plan from ex
p S': is altogether delusive The stimu
lus it will apply to bunking, will greatly
increase both p-ibiic and. pnv oe expense,
lead to high land', and evi ry other modo
ot, iacceaitiBg. ilm ptihUc-iif iMitn, Uwi ... tu...
banks, may have the keeping and use of it.
An effort has been made to liken tho Indc
pendeut Treasury to the revenue system of
France, and 'to-sliotr-that "system to havo:
been excedmg.ly expensive.- 1 he num-
ber of revenue officers, it s said, amounts
to one hundred thousand. This 1 suppose
is but conjecture, aud I should be inclined
to think an erroneous one. Mr. Goldsmith,
a late writer on French statistics, presents
the nation as divided nito 8 deparluicnts,
362 arrondisemnits, and 30,381 communes,
lo each department there is a receiver
general, to each arrondisetnent a receiver,
and each, commune, a collector. These
officers added together, make a total of
3 'J, 821 j, and 1 Jul in i t - t lat to this, theru is
probably a considerable addition ; how
much I am unable to say, but certainly I
should conceive not such as to make tho
whole equal to 100,000. Tho number at
best is large, but carries with it this high
recommeudation, that upon this simple plan
it renders these officers very safe checks
upon each other. It has been also stated,
that the revenue expenses of France a
mount to twenty-four per cent, upon tho
whole income.
Now, sir, it has never, been my fortune
to bask under the sunny sky of France, and
at the same tunc in the smiles of this wick
ed Administration; but thank Providence
I have access to books, and from thcui I
karn that tlu revenue of France, in 1814,
was about .450,000,000 francs, the ex
pense attending it to about 15,000,000, or
less than four per cent, That in I85, the
revenuo amounted to ?43,rdty,20TJ frauds ;
the expense to 16,331,246, or something,
over two per cen. This is tho more re
markable, as this year comprehended tho
nurfdrcd days, w hen the War expenses a-
lone amounted to 32,21)3,1 34 francs. It
is.trucjtu;it in 1820, during that pcriod-of
misrule, immediately ' p'rccediri'jf the last
revolution iir that talid" 'br'VevljruiumsTthV
revenue jimouiit,ed to 980,1.36,821 francs,
and the expense to 128,058,685, or be
tween twelve and thirteen per cent,; ami
taking th average -of these three years, it
brings the expense to about six or seven
per cent., very little varient from our pres
ent cxpenso; for it has been seen, that
with a revenue of about thirty or thirty
five millions of dollars, our expenses aro
about two millions, or between six anil
scveu pex cent. Besides, it is necessary
to take into view two or llirec.important
considerations. Mosi of thtse otlicers of
the French revenue uru collectors, and not
keepers of tho revenue $ more thairsa.OOO
of those enumerated being of the former.
chiSii. Tbfc is a class which, under no
revenue system, can ever be dispensed)
with, and it is not proposed by tlie bill to
increase their number. Auother ohscrva-
,tiou is, that a large portion of the rcvenuo
of r ranee is raised by direct taxalibn
conlessedly the most expensive tnodc -And
this brings to my ri collection au ap
peal made by the Senator from Kentucky,
Mr. Crittenden, to the friends of tho AoW
ministration, JiovLibcy supposed the pep-''
pi would iwarj -w -t-hrr everrof-Ttrsprf to
direct taxation, a demand of itsj;i)mcnt
Ui specie ? In reply to that appeal, I havo
only to' say that direct taxation always has
been, and: f presniat always wilt be, an 6
dious mode of ciilecuiig ri veiure, wheth-
er in speeia'ior; paper That, auy thing
rnay be " xciidered odious ly couplmg it
with something odious in itself. That un
Iesit1e iiccessary no gwojde bear taxa
lion worselhainho "Anglo-Saxon race, and
itlir'ii iui'fss.tfv mi ufcoO'e- uuv it nier; i
jctu would the iitucan j-opl., y icK'i'it