' ' ' ' ru V'-r ' ' - : :'- : . .1.: S U B Sjl& &&fc. & SY A.WCSe-aePRO DEO, ET PRO PATRIA.-eA BTOQSp 8? AVlSC! NEW SERIES. GIvEENSBOROUGII, N. C, FRIDAY MORNING, MAY 4, 1838. VOL. II NQ 11. rS ir TiiniiiiiMiiiiiiwiiiiiiniiMiiiiMiHiiiiiiriH I I WAKE, TOPER! WAKE ! ! Wake, toper, wake ! thy brow is bare, And thou art low ly laid, A claret stream has staiti'dlhy hair, From wounds upon thy Lead ; ' ., The gm which lately lit thy brow, When the din oR'rolic roarcdv. Is now forgot end nerveless now, Tlic hand that grasped the board. ,' " ake, toper ! wake ! the spree is o er The night's approaching last Thy wife! Oh, aoon thou'lt hear once more The well known echoing blast ! Thy cheek is fluelied thine eye is black, Of rather green and red ; And soon will discord's notes, alack ! Detract thy aching head. Then, toper, while thou can'st, sleep on, 'Midfct those who round thee lie ; 'Twcre horrid at the morning dawn, To find no gin-sliop nigh ! The green grass sod will bo thy bed, Thy canopy he skies The dews of heav'n will cool thy head, . And ijothe thy blackea'd eyes. MO.VOS AiSD MAI.MONOS. a leoend by bilweu. I am Knglish by birth, and my eafly years were passed in . I had nei ther brothers iwr sisters ; my mother dte-0 ivlu-i. 1 was i:i the cradle ; and 1 found my sole companion, lutor and playmate in iny lather. He was a vouuger brother of a J noble and ancient house ; what' induced him to lois.ike bis country and his fruuds, to objure all society, and to live on a rock, is a story m itseil, which tiu noUiing to tlo with nun -. As tlic Lurd livtlh, I bdieve Uie tule thai 1 shall tell pyr wjjj jVU sulliciiiuil claim on your atiention, without calling in 1. U4Lof y wt - jiwtkuf to prvlace 4t most exquisite-details, or to jjivu interest to its mot amusing events. I said my father lived un a rock 'the wholu country round "fcW- tblack, dreary; tree stunted herbage bUt-1 l- rim Ihrnii.ili which iiiif lunri. 4.cu : catrn, through which tome biacK ,iiuiid wild stream (Uiat never kucw star or 'ibuiilji;:il, but thiough raze ray,d hideous jL'h.isui ol l lie hugu btoncii above it) went jsiung and howling o.i m Mestti cwir.se : lit clill'o, covtiCa with eternal mijv,, a lure the birutifll prey lived, ami sunt .u creams aHJ discordance, a grattfjt and a:iect music fo. the hoavens, w mch st'eined ' 4tou cold aud . barren to ' wear t. vcu cloud - -Won their wan, gray comfortless expanse ; ,i),t s,; made the charatHer of tliat country twin re tin spring ol my life- sickened Use II lniva. Tile c limule which, tk the milder . ji.iiiVjf, relieves the nnx mouths 1 winter ivith thjree months of an hhrupt und auiunuitcs surriucr, never scemetfj .i... .i i . . H if.try ui me geuin; uuu bwcui region -in Svvhich mil home was maced. 1 erhans. lor 'p briil interval, the snoVin the valleys ; j land the utrcauw swelled, and"i-bjuc, ghast - ' y, unnatural kind , of vegetation" emed V- fiere and there to mix with thg, rudeiictiji, r scatter a grim smile. over niuute parti- les of the universal rock ; but to tlicde .'fitnesses of the changing season were the rfj'jpuinmprs of my boyhood confined. My j "father was addicted lo the sciences -the : Mt sical sciencesand poss;s3td but a .iioderalc share of learning in any thing '4U' : he tiifht me all he knew ; and the a. . . . . i ..' .. . ..I i itjii nilurn nn. ...... nd stern guise, instilled in my heart by ilcril but detj) lessons. She taught inv ct to bound, and my arms to smile; she lifeathed hie into iny passions, and shed ark'tess over my temper ; she taught me ititf un'allurth.y form, and iotehriuk from all j Hit L-e iruni wie tHJiiinaniousnip oi in in, aiiu nr .oir smiles oi w ouhui, ana me inriu voh-c ol cniiunooil ana the tics, and Itoues, iiid su 'lalitiek; and objects of human cs- stenc, us from a torture aad ja curse. .vcn in Uiat sullen rock, and beneath that 'kingenial sky, I had luxuries, unknown to Ihe nailed taste of cities, or to those who ivoo delight in an air of odours and in a and of res ! What were those luxuries ? S'hey had a Myriad of varieties and shades f cnjoyineiit Hbcy had but a common aine. What uexeihose luxuries? Sol itude My uthcr died when I was eighteen : was transferred to my uncfo 'a protection, and I n paired lo London. I aruved there, lunt and stern, a giant in limbs, and itreugili, and to the tastes of those about file, a savngc in bearing and in mood tri i.i i . . .. i i i i . , jiney ho'jiu nave laugneo, uui l awcu liein; they would have altered mc, but I Ijang. d llicm ; I threw adaiipover their ijiiviiK iit, and a cloud over their mcet I'L'. Though I said little, thouirh I sat f"!i ilian. estrani'-ed and silent. 'c they seemed to wither beneath my uiee. Aobody. could live w ith me 'uNm'-hann". or .1 rnf! ' I fiplt it: mtiA nt rhcn tTiat tin y could iiot love inc. . v -, . - ---- --i i.irt yea repassed I was of age I dc- 4."' my foriune and scorning social JT'v?i'd fining onfeniore l'oiLjoncliaesal IhT"'l ,i ' ourncy ,nto those unpeopled ,l!r 1;i"ds, w hich if any have pierced, XT fca.w'tu;nwl to describe. So L took . tiy Icae orifii m allcoUsin andaunt ? f i iVi bwi ' cailt5'0' my old uncle,- who i 'rd :ln4 than any, I grasped his - JifMlwrthfritndly a gripet that, weU 1 B-.:. "....' but little inclined to its ordinary functions in future. I commenced my pilgrimage-41 pierced the .'burning' sands I traversed he vast deserts 1 came into the enormous woods of Africa, where human slop never trod, nor human voice ever startled (he thrilling and intense solemnity that" broods over the great solitudes, as it brooded over cha os before the world was ! There the pri meval nature springs and perishes, undis turbed and unvaried by the convulsions of the surrounding .world ; the leaf becomes the tree, lives through its uncounted ages, falls and moulders, and rots and vanishes, unwitnessed in its mighty and mute chang es, save by the wandering lion, or the wild ostrich, or that huge serpent n hundred times more vast than the puny boa that the cold limners of Europe have painted, and whose bones the vain student lias pre served as a miracle and inarvi I. There, too, as beneath the heavy and dense shade I couched in the scorching noon, I heaid the trampling as of an army, and the crush and fall of the strong trees, and beheM through the matted boughs the behemoth pass on its terrible way , with its eyes burning as a sun, and its w hite teeth glis tening in the rapid jaw, as pillar of spar glitter in a cavern ; the monster to. whom only those waters are a home, and who never, since the waters rolled from .the Dajdal earth, has been given to human g,iz and wonder but my own ? Seasons glided on, but I counted them not, thev were not doled to me by the tokens of hi in, noi rad sick lo inc. by the changes of his bnst life, and the evidence of his sordid labor. Seasons glided on, and my youth ripened into manhood, and manhood grew giav with the first frost of age : and then a v'.igne and r slh ss spirit 1 II iiHm me. and I nd i i tiiy fuoljdh hi ir f , ; j willok upon the couple nances of my roce once inorej,' J retraced my 8teprrecro8se3 the wastes I re-entered the cities I took again the garb of man j for I had been hitherto na- k -d in ' h j wildcrncgjy and hair had yrowtr Impaired to - aiK, lookhl E ,JJe W . a sea- lii tlie vessel there wis one man. and only one, who neither a?oided my corn p.imonsliip nor recoiled at my frown. II was an idle and curious bcin;j, full of the frivolities, and egotisms, and importance of t i in to whom towns arc homes, and talk n.is become a mental ailment, lie w ig one pervading irritating, offensive- tissue, ol little and low thoughts. The oidy mean ness he h id not, was fear. It was impos sible to awe, to silence, or to shun him. lie sought me for ever; he was as a blister lo me; which no force could tear away : my soul grew faint when ray eyes met his. He was to my' sight as those creatures which from their very loathsomeness are fearful a well as despicable to us. 1 lonir- fed and yearned to strangle, him when he addressed me! Oltrn I would have laid my hand on him, and hurled him into the sea to the sharks, which lynx-eyed and eager-jawed, swam night and .da v around o;ir ship; but the gaze of man was on us, aud I curbed myself, and turned away, and huR eyes m very sickness ; and w hen I opcnedNtjiem again, lo ! he was by my Side, and hisshup, quick voice grated, in its prying, and aHng, and torturing ac cents, on my loathiiigimd repugnant car ! One night I was roused froHmy sleep by the screams and oaths of monSmd 1 has tened on dick : we had struck upon a rock. Ii was ' ghastly,, bur oh how glorV. ous a sight ! Moonlig'ht, still and calm the sea sleeping in sapphire ; and in the midst of the siront and soft rcw.- of nil thm-r. l... l 1 .i f. 1 ; nut:- umiuu-u ri 1 1 i iin r-nuis were" to r' r t.j 4Uj autj ,,,,, ( "ot; " A VO!ri. rrr, )lk(. an adder's hiss"' Upon mvear; I turned and saw my tormentor the moonlight f li on his lace, and it grinned wjth the man diin grin of intoxication, and "his pale blue eye , gUUcrcd, and ho said, 41 VV will Ttot part even here !" Mv blood ran coldly through my veins, and i would have thrown him intothV sea, which now catno - fast upon us; but the moonlight was on him. But I would not atiry to perish with' the herd, and I threw myself aldne from the vessel and swam towards a rock. I saw a shark dart afteT me, , but I shunricd him, and the Moment after he had plenty to sate hU maw. I heard a crash, mingled with a wild burst of anguish, the anguish of three hundred and fifty hearts that a minute af terwards were stilled, and I paid in my omvj heart, with a deep jov, 41 Jli.i voice is with the rest, and wc have parted !" I gained the shore, andjay down to sleep. J he next morning my eyes opened upon a land more bcautilul . than a Grecian's Ifeams. The sun had just risen, and laughed over streams of silver, and trees bending with, golden and purple frmts, and' the diamond dew sparked from a sod cov-1 ejered with flowers, whose faintest breath 'I i wis a delirrht. Ten thousand birds with J wts a jjelih. all the hues of a northern rainbow blended in thejr glorious and growing wings, rose from turf and tree, and loaded tho air with -toclody arid gladness; thtr-sra, wttbout a vestige of the past destruction upon it glassy brow, murmured at my feet ; the heavens without a cloud, ajid bathed in a liquid and radiant light, sent their .breezes as a blrssin" tx mv cIktIl. I rao wuh a rffrcshed and li?m hrartu.1 ..i3ayrs.-d 'ih new. bomie I tiaii luUo J uporrt air6traTatri7afio o:i a small island it had no trace of man my heart swelled as I gazed around and cried aloud in iny exultation. " 1 shall be alone again !rt I descended the;'fiill: f fiad not yet reached its foot, when I saw the figure of a man approaching towards me. 1 look ed at him, and my heart misgave me. .lie drew nearer, and" I saw that my dispicable persecutor had escaped the waters, and now stood before me; lie came up with a hideous grin and hiis twinkling eye ; and he flung his arms around mc, I would sooner have felt the slimy folds of the ser pent, and said, with his grating and harsh voice, " Ha ! ha ! my friend we shall be together still !" I looked at him, but I said not a word. There was a great cave by the shore, and I walked down and en tered it, and the man followed me. We shall live so happily here, said he, " we will never separate T Aud my lip trem hied, and my hand clenched of its own ac cord. It was now noon, and hunger came upon me ; I went forth and killed a deer, anil I brought it home and broiled part pf it on a lire of fragrant wood ; and tho man ate, and crunced, and laughed, aud 1 wish ed that the bones had choked him ; and lift said-, when wc had done, " We shall have rare cheer here!" But I still held mv peace. At last ho stretched himself in a corner of the cavt' aud slept. 1 look ed at him, aud .iw thai the. elumber was heavy, and I went out and rolled a huge stone, to the mouth of the cavern, aud took mv way to the opposite pirt of ihe island: it was my luru to laugh then ! I found ou mother cavern ; enni 1 wrought a table of wood, and I lioked out from the mouth ol the (.ivem and :iw ihe wide Bias b. fore uie, and said " Now I shall be alou !" W hen the nexi- d.iy c nn , I again went out a. id caught a kid, and bronchi jt. ut and prepared it as before ; but I was not hUlutftfV'd., ud could opt U o-i r1oimd' forth, and wandered over the .island ; the sun had nearly set when f returned. I enjuo more, was that ghastly thing. Aud 1 tered tho cavern, nd sitting on my bed and by '.my tablo iraa that man wftntn I thought 1 had iofr buried alive tn the oth er cate. I1V laughed when hd saw me, Hid laid down the bone ho was jru iwiDir. "Hi! h.vRT S4id he, you woihl have served me a far trick ; but there was a cave which you did not see, and I got ouli to seek you. It was not a dithcalt matter, lor the island is so small ; and now we Aarc mot, and wo will part no more I" 1 said to th in in, "Rise and follow me t" So he rose, and 1 saw that of all my food h had left only the bones. 44 Shall this thina reap audi, sow ? thought I, and my heart felt to me like iron. I ascended a tall cliff: 44 Look round," said I, "you sec that stream which divides the island : you shall dwell on one side, and 1 on the other ; but the same spot shall not hold us, nor the same feast supply 1" "That may nercr be !" quoth the man ; 'for 1 cannot catch the deer, nor spring upon the mountain kid; and if you feed me not, I shall starve !" "Are there not Iruits ; said I, "and birds that you may snare, and tho fishes which the sea throws up .'" "But I like them not,' quoth the man, and laughed, 44so well as the flejli of kids md deer !" Look .then,"" said I, "look : by thit gr iy stone, upon the opposite side of the itreJin, I will lay a deer or a kid daily, so that you may have the food you covet ; but -if ever you cross the stream,. &. .come into mv -king- lom, so sure as the sea tmitmurs, end the frml II ies, I will kill you !" ' : I Hendcd the 5jifT, and led the man to mi" sine oiwiiii .hi. 1 cannot swim, siul he ; so ltoqk him on my sho'ildVrs andTroShd thi: -Kfotikrn;l T loVirtT out "a 'cave, aud 1 made him abcd aud a table like my own, and left hiim hen I was o i iny own side of the sir am agaftvl boun ded with jov, and lifted up my voiced'' I shall be alone, norr," said I. So two dayf pased -and I it r alone. "On t!ic thrid day, 1 wont after my prey ; the noon was hot and I was wearied when I returned. I entered my cavern, and be held the man lay stretched on my bed. 44 Ha ! fr !" said he, "here I am ; ( was so lonely at home that I have come to live with you agaiiti I frowned on the man with a dark brow, and I said, "So sure as the sea murmurs, .and the bird flies, I will kill you l'1 1 seiz ed him m uiy arms ; I plucked him from mv bed ; I took him out ui the open air; and we stood together ou the smooth sand and by the greensfa A feat cain'c sud denly upon mc ; 1 was struck by the' awe of the still Spirit w hich" reigns over soli tude. Hid a thousand been around us, I w ould have s,la.in him before them all. f feared now because we were alone in the desert, with silence and Uod ! I relaxed my hold. "Swear," 1 said, "ncvc to mo lest me again; swear, to preserve unpass- ed the boundary-of our several homes, aud I wiill not kill you 4" "I -cannot swear,'1 said the man, 44 1 would sooner die than fprer'wear the bbjssed human face even thiitirTli "fcU.-if f:in Kr. rv iMipmv'g At these words my rage returned; I dashed the man to the ground, and I put iny foot upon his breast, and my hand up on his neck j and he struggled for a mo ment and was dead ! J Was startled ; and as looked; upon hta faee thought it seerri ed u reviVn; I tluugbi- tV;.cald oyr. fixed ij on me, -at t& tlm- vtte grm nrt tinted to th w-iicwm death-pang had grasped the sand, stretch ed themselves out to me. So 1 stamped oil .the breast again, aud I (lug. a holo the shore, and I buried the j body. 44 And now," said I, 44 1 am alone at last !" And then the sense of loneliness, the vague, vast, comfortless, objectless sense ol deso lation passed into mc. And I shook shook every limb of my giant frame, as if I had been a child" that trembles in the dark ; arid my hair ibsc, and my blood crept, and I. would not hare staid in that spot a moment more if 1 had been made young again for it. I turned away and hd lied round the wholo island ; & gnashed my teeth when I came to the sea, and lon ged to be cast into some illimitable desert that I might flee on forever. At sunset 1 returned to my cave I sat mysef down on one corner of tho bed, and covered my face with my hands I thought 1 heard a noise; I raised my eyes, and, as I live, I saw on the other end of tho bed the man whom 1 had slain and buried. There ho sat, six feet from me, and nodded, to me, and look ed at me with his wan eyes and laughed. I rushed from the cave and I entered a wood I threw myself down there oppo site lo mr, six feet from my face, was the lace of that man !. Aud my courage rose, and I spoke, but hf anwetrd not. I at tempted lo seize him, he glided from my grasp and was t ill opposite-,' six feet froru mc as. before. 1 flung myscf on the groud and pr wed my head to the sod, and would not look up till night came on, and dark ness wns over the eaith. I then rose and munied tn the cave: I laid down on the h- d, st.d the mm laid" down on in and I frow n ii, ' id I tried lo aeiz. him as before, bit I cou!d not, aud 1 clos d my eyes, and the m.rt l;ty,?y mc ! Day passed on day, od !l iras the same thing. At board, at bed, airborne and abroad, in ray uprising RBftdeiwtt MtUttg , by ly and arntptrihefe' by my bed-side, and six feet from toe, aud said, as I IcoRed upon the beautiful land j and ttill 'ihtfiaiiina, 'ariid'tlmii luini.d ia ih.ir f jarful comrade, " I shall never be a 1o.il again ?'' And the man hnghed. Ai lit a ship came, and 1 hailed it a took me up, and I thought as 1 put my loot on th d.-ck, 4I shall escape my tonncuterr As 1 thought so, I or him climb ihci'dock too, I strove to push him down into the sea, but in vain ; he was by my side, and heftd and $lept ttith me as brftre ! I came home to my native land ! I iorcod myself into crowds I went to tho feast, and 1 heard music and I made thirty men sit wiih m, and watch-by day and by night. So 1 had thirty-ow romp mions, and one more social than all tho rest. A' last 1 said to mysell, "This is a de lusion, and a cheat of the external senses, and the thing is not, save in my mind. 1 will consult those skilled in such disorders, and 1 will be alone again '" 1 suinmourd one celebrated in purging from the miudVeye its Minis and deceits I bound hnu by an oath to secrecy and 1 told hun my talc. He was a hold and a learned man, and he promised mc relief and release. .'' Where is tho figure now," said he smiling ; 44 I sec it not AniJ answered, 4 it is six fect from me !" " I sec it not," said hg.atpj:" and if it were real, mv senses' woiUdnGi' receive the imigc less palpably than yours." And he spoke to me as school nith speak. I did not argue or Tepiv, but I ordered my serv ants to prepare a room, and to cover th 71 . i' - i .i-t 1 J 1 tT. noor wun a mica layer ot sanii. vvnen it was done, I bade the Leech follow mi. into tlii; room, and I barred the door ' Wlief e is tfir 'figure now- !"' repeated he and J answered, 44 six feet from us as be fore x And tho Ieeeh smiled- 44 Look on the Poor," said I, and I pointed to the pot ; 44 hjmvmd:'TrAm.JjEed3. shudJercd, and eking to me that he might uotviuii. inai sanu, said nc, " was suiootlNvhen he entered, and now I see on that spot ilroprint of human feet !" And 1 laugheaVand dragged jmy living companion on : " sctv' said I, " where wc move what follows us ! Tho Leech gasped for Freath ; tile prinL," said he, " of those human a!" . 44 Can you not minister to mc tlii cried I, in a sudden fierce agony must I never be. ..alone again!" ' And I saw the fect of the dead thing trace ronc word uxm the sand; and the word was- NL Jill. SPEECH OF AIK. K I KANtiE OF N. C IX TUB SEXATU OF TU K b. STATES. (Continued.) The man who pava cash- as he goes, cares not whether people hare confidence in his ability or not; bttt tlm man who wishes credit requires confidence. This, in tho case of the individual, is; all fair, because ...tie frankly acknowledges, 44 i am not able to pay you now, T but I exfJecfio be able to pay you at such a time ; and your belief that he'will industriouslr ex ert himself to fulfil his engagement, that he 3 houest,,and that lrovidcncc will smile upon his exertions, arc the grounds upon which your confidence is awarded. -rcBut tho unreasonable demand of the banks is. that yau should have cohfideiice, not, only wunoui any ining wnereon to tqsi tt, out t i thi' face of your; experience that it vis ..'.:il -;o..p... put j g when their hollowness and inajuial inca pacity is visible in their whole texture, they sue lor it in vain.-' When I ask confidence' that I can lift the feather which I hold in my hand, I command it also, for 1 show at thfe-moment that I am able to perform ; but were 1 to assert an ability to uproot a moun tain, my dearest friend would sneer nt my effort to practice on his credulity. Con fidence, like love, and hope, and joy, must be the spontaneous grow th of the bosom it inhabits; it cannot be enforced. But 1 would ask the Senator from Virginia wheth er his Whig friends, who y ield their sup port to his substitute, havo- confidence in it? He knows well they have not. They use it but as a halfway- house in their journey onwards to a National Bank, whith er they will certainly arrive, if time is al lowed them to recruit their strength at this hospitable stage. If it is doubted what opinions the Whigs entertain in relation to this measure, I will read an extract from a Whig paper in my own State : 44 Wc inquire next, are the local banks safe depositories of the public money ? It is not pretended by any. body, but that tin removal of the depositos, and placing them in the pet banks, which afterwards refused to give them up, was what pnneipallv con tributed to the fatal overthrow of our once happy and prosperous financial system. It is easy to foresee, that while the Gener al (ioverjiinent remains dependent on Soun scores of banking corporations, subject only to the legisl UioO) of the respective5 States that created them, there can be no public security nauist their selfish frauds u ul faithless imposition, tempted as thev arts by that avarice Avhich is at this mo ment, in one Snape or another, sucking up the very life's blood of this Republic" 1 proceed new,-in tlie second' place on this branch of the subjectto treat the rfaeTsfioh""bT fi I ti mate safety. I made, at the extra session, a hasty concession, which j farther reflection compels me to retractVto wit : that although the revenue would be ;niur'rr,i!?idily .c.umiaa.idoa.oy:Ut'hQjUoir0iub. n -nt in the hands of its own agents, yet each particular portion of it would be safer ui the banks. My retraxit is founded n6t only upon a consideration of tho sulj ct, hut uj)on the light which experience has already furnished in favor of individual a gency. A tabular statement, for which I am indebted to .y friend from Cortnccti cut, Mr. Niles, sccrns to me sufficient to counterbalance all the theoretic conjec tufes which have been made in opposition to it: Losses by the Oovrrnment by depasiting in banks, princi. pal and interest- 1814 1917 - . . . 81,892,642 Depreciation of bills received and paid out from 1814 to 117 - . Bills of broken banks now on hand, interest thereon not computed - . - Bank ot the United States withholding dividend and interest Duo 1st. of May, Treasury and public ofliccrs $31,212,053 Reportod'for suit by Secretary, under act of (fctober, 1816 4,331,700 Average discount 6 percent, on eighteen and a half millions of paper paid out by tlie banks of deposite ou hand in -May last . Average discount on ten mill ions yet to be paid, say four per cent.- - - Loss by individuals from 1814 to 1817, supposed equal lo Government 6,000,000 179,470 233,122 1,100,000 400,000 6,000,000 TotaL Thus it appears that no less than about fifteen millions of dollars have been lost by the banks, while tho whole amount re ported, from the foundation of the Govern ment, to have been lost by individual a- gents is about three millions of dollars. And it scorns that this account is subject to a deduction of about 60 2-3 per cent, leaving an actual balance ot about one million of dollars. Recently banks have failed in the Eastern States by which gen tlemen on the other side intimate; that heavy losses have been sustained by the, creditors, and will be sustained by the Government. Whether this is so or not, dangers arc certainly thickening around the banks, and if the Government loses nothing bv them, it will be because it will have li(tle or nothing in their custody. "Mr. President, in the course ol this de bate, I am drawn into a very frank expres sion of my 'opinions of the tendency of the banking sysicjO. .n.$iftlUiaiia.p.t()d.i(;ed by deep reflection, and enforced by the highest sense of duty, liut 1 should. do injustice to my feelings did I fail4o de clare that, eo far-aS I anraqnaniUHivtth banking operations in my own State, they have been conducted with much integrity, and thc vils, jr-ihyy are the -evilsi-of the system, and not of its administrators. Tlu greatP-Wpurdylwifitrwhich baiiking;ope rations have been conducted . there, has rendered us too insetisible to the evils (if i ;acri will look upon those annUli ciations of opinions on my part as coming from a heated imagination. lti addition to readiness of command and ultimate safety for the revenue, cheapness of administration," is an important 'consul oration. Upon this point the people arc justly sensitive. Economy is an impor tant principle in a Republican Government, and ought to be secured so far as may be consistent with the safety of other princi ples, more important. The utmost extent of increase of expense by the adoption of the Independent Treasury is estimated at sixty thousand dollars. Now sixty thou sand dollars considered separately, is a largo sum;, hut when it is remembered that' the present revenue expenses of tho Government exceed two millions of dol lars, the amount of sixty thousand dollars is scarcely a drop in the bucket. I havo taken some pains to ascertain the amount of the revenue expenses, and have found ui accurate ascertainment impracticable ; but 1 am very certain that two millions aro under tho amount, and that ah ascertain merit cannot be made without much trouble, which will not be two or three times the expense of the Independent Treasury va. riant from the true amount. But it will be said that the substitute avoids even this expense. A remark by the way altogeth- r inapplicable to the special deposite sys t' ai, a. great favorite with some gentlemen, jdi that proposes to pay the banks for keep. mg the public money, and thereby incur ring an txpense which I will venture to s.iy will far exceed the expense of the In dependent Treasury. Bui the apparent xemption of tho substitute plan from ex p S': is altogether delusive The stimu lus it will apply to bunking, will greatly increase both p-ibiic and. pnv oe expense, lead to high land', and evi ry other modo ot, iacceaitiBg. ilm ptihUc-iif iMitn, Uwi ... tu... banks, may have the keeping and use of it. An effort has been made to liken tho Indc pendeut Treasury to the revenue system of France, and 'to-sliotr-that "system to havo: been excedmg.ly expensive.- 1 he num- ber of revenue officers, it s said, amounts to one hundred thousand. This 1 suppose is but conjecture, aud I should be inclined to think an erroneous one. Mr. Goldsmith, a late writer on French statistics, presents the nation as divided nito 8 deparluicnts, 362 arrondisemnits, and 30,381 communes, lo each department there is a receiver general, to each arrondisetnent a receiver, and each, commune, a collector. These officers added together, make a total of 3 'J, 821 j, and 1 Jul in i t - t lat to this, theru is probably a considerable addition ; how much I am unable to say, but certainly I should conceive not such as to make tho whole equal to 100,000. Tho number at best is large, but carries with it this high recommeudation, that upon this simple plan it renders these officers very safe checks upon each other. It has been also stated, that the revenue expenses of France a mount to twenty-four per cent, upon tho whole income. Now, sir, it has never, been my fortune to bask under the sunny sky of France, and at the same tunc in the smiles of this wick ed Administration; but thank Providence I have access to books, and from thcui I karn that tlu revenue of France, in 1814, was about .450,000,000 francs, the ex pense attending it to about 15,000,000, or less than four per cent, That in I85, the revenuo amounted to ?43,rdty,20TJ frauds ; the expense to 16,331,246, or something, over two per cen. This is tho more re markable, as this year comprehended tho nurfdrcd days, w hen the War expenses a- lone amounted to 32,21)3,1 34 francs. It is.trucjtu;it in 1820, during that pcriod-of misrule, immediately ' p'rccediri'jf the last revolution iir that talid" 'br'VevljruiumsTthV revenue jimouiit,ed to 980,1.36,821 francs, and the expense to 128,058,685, or be tween twelve and thirteen per cent,; ami taking th average -of these three years, it brings the expense to about six or seven per cent., very little varient from our pres ent cxpenso; for it has been seen, that with a revenue of about thirty or thirty five millions of dollars, our expenses aro about two millions, or between six anil scveu pex cent. Besides, it is necessary to take into view two or llirec.important considerations. Mosi of thtse otlicers of the French revenue uru collectors, and not keepers of tho revenue $ more thairsa.OOO of those enumerated being of the former. chiSii. Tbfc is a class which, under no revenue system, can ever be dispensed) with, and it is not proposed by tlie bill to increase their number. Auother ohscrva- ,tiou is, that a large portion of the rcvenuo of r ranee is raised by direct taxalibn conlessedly the most expensive tnodc -And this brings to my ri collection au ap peal made by the Senator from Kentucky, Mr. Crittenden, to the friends of tho AoW ministration, JiovLibcy supposed the pep-'' pi would iwarj -w -t-hrr everrof-Ttrsprf to direct taxation, a demand of itsj;i)mcnt Ui specie ? In reply to that appeal, I havo only to' say that direct taxation always has been, and: f presniat always wilt be, an 6 dious mode of ciilecuiig ri veiure, wheth- er in speeia'ior; paper That, auy thing rnay be " xciidered odious ly couplmg it with something odious in itself. That un Iesit1e iiccessary no gwojde bear taxa lion worselhainho "Anglo-Saxon race, and itlir'ii iui'fss.tfv mi ufcoO'e- uuv it nier; i jctu would the iitucan j-opl., y icK'i'it

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