North Carolina Newspapers

'i . KNK TT IT Biirf WILMINGTON, N. C, TUESDAY AUGUST 2, 1898. 1.00 PER YEAR. VOL. XXXI. NO. f.I. WJty v WW) Ay a o 'i PEACE An Unexpected Turn in the Negotiations With the French Ambassador. OUR DEMANDS The French Ambassador Furnished With a Copy for Transmission to Madrid He Appears at the White House as Envoy of Spain, Clothed With Full Powers to Treat A Long Discussion With the President Spain's Acceptance of These Terms Means Early Peace The Terms Proposed by the Tresident. Washington, July 30 After a day of anxious (If liberation, and important consultation, the reply of tht? United States government to the Spanish over- tures for peace this afternoon was at last placed in the hands of M. Cambon, the French ambassador, to be by him transmitted to the government of Spain. It was 4:20 o'clock this after noon before theminister received the an pwer, and as it makes about 1,100 words in all and must be reduced to the dip lomatic cypher and then transmitted by cable, the Madrid authorities prob ably will not receive it until some time tomorrow (Sunday.) At 10: 30 o'clock this morning, in ac cordance with the agreement reached yesterday, the members of the cabinet began to assemble at the White house, but it was nearly 11 o'clock before they were all present and ready to resume their discussion at the point where it was interrupted yesterday by adjourn ment. Secretary Day had xrepared a draft of the answer, based on the ex pressions of his colleagues yesterday, and it was expected that only a short time would be consumed in going over this and giving it formal approval. It turned out otherwise, however. Prob ably, over night, new factors had sug gated themselves, or fresh influences had ln-en brought to bear, for the cab inet was soon engaged in an animated discussion of the Philippine islands' settlement. On the other points of the answer there was no disagreement and these propositions were ratified as they stood yesterday, namely, Cuba to be freed; Porto Pico to be ceded to this country; one of the Ladrone islands (probably Gaum) to be ceded to the United States as a coaling station, and, as an intermediate step all Spanish forces in the West Indies to be with drawn, with the formal relinquishment by Spain of her sovereignty overany possessions among these islands. No war indemnity will be demanded. AS TO THE PHILIPPINES. As to the Philippines, the cabinet agreed upon the following point: That Manila bay, with city and surrounding territory, should be retained in the pos session of the United States, at least for such a length of time as' is neces sary to devise and put in operation some plan for the future government of the entire group. After that point the main divergence of opinion began and all sorts of propo sitions were put forward and urged by individual members as the best means of dealing with the future of the is lands. In the very midst of the discussion the element that had strongly urged the necessity of protecting Aguinaldo in any settlement we should arrange, received a severe check through the receipt of a cablegram from Admiral Dewey, stating that the insurgent chief had assumed a defiant attitude and Ad miral Dewey expressed the opinion that the United States would be oblig ed to make war upon them, the insur gents, necessitating the requirement of ir.0.000 troops to subdue the islands. While this did not bring about a complete dismissal of the proposition to take the insurgents into account in settling the terms of peace, it did have the effect to cause an agreement upon the proposition to defer action upon the- question as to the disposition of the islands until the other phases of the peace negotiations " have been satisfactorily adjusted, meaning by that, that the matter goes over until the last Spanish flag has disappeared from the western hemisphere and the American Hag is hoisted to stay over the coaling stations we require in Mi cronesia. A JOINT COMMISSION. The discussion lasted two hours and a quarter before the cabinet hit upon -the best course for the United States to adopt. It was finally decided that what we desired could be best done by the appointment of a joint commission, limited in its representations to the governments of the United States and fpain. which commission Is to endeavor to settle the details of the goverment f the Philippine islands and determine what treatment shall be accorded the 5nsurgents. the United States navy and .Army meanwhile occupying Manila and Manila bay. and thus retaining a posi tion to enforce speedily the verdict ahat shall , be finally reached by the commission. As the cabinet meeting adjourned, the members went off to their lnncheons with a pleasant consciousness that they had succeeded in disposing prop erly of the very difficult problem. As sistant Secretary John Moore, who had been called in to the meeting at the last moment, went hastily to the Mate department to put the views of the president and cabinet in the proper diplomatic form. NOTICE TO THE FRENCH AMBAS SADOR. Notice was sent to the French am bassador that the president would be pleased to hand him personally the reply of the United States government at 2:30 o'clock this afternoon. It was expected that this cerefony would occupy only a few minutes; that the ambassador would take the note and immediately would take the jiote MEASURES FORMULATED cypher clerks and then to the tele graph office. In this expectation As sistant Secretary Moore went out of town on an afternoon train and Secre tary Day, as he went to the White house to meet the ambassador, tossed his gripsack into his carriage in the firm expectation of being able to catch the 3:30 o'clock train for Atlantic City to meet his wife. The ambassador came on time, accompanied by his secretary.but as the minutes ran along into hours without the reappearance of M. Cambon, It was surmised that something had happened to disarrange the original plan of this meeting. It was after a stay of two hours and a quarter that the French ambassador terminated his visit. While it continued Secretary Long and Admiral Sicard, of the naval board, and Assistant Secretary Adee, of the state department, were called in to consultation. The newspapers had been led by promises made earlier in the day by members of the cabinet to expect that a statement would be given out explaining the nature of the answer to Spain, but, to the disappoint ment of their reporters, it was an nounced by Secretary Day that this had been abandoned for the reason that to make any statement at this point would involve a serious breach of diplomatic etiquette that might embar rass the future negotiations. The extended stay of the ambassa dor with the president opened up a wide field of conjecture, but in all offi cial quarters there was reticence as to the nature of the discussion. From re liable quarters,, however, it was learn ed that the conference did not result in any change in the conditions already laid down, but that it was devoted to an explanation of them in detail. It was said that no new condition of af fairs had arisen by reason of the am bassador's call, and that there would be no need of another cabinet meeting to consider new factors. The case re mained, it was said, as fixed by the cabinet early in the day, and the next move was to transmit these terms to Spain and await her reply. In this connection, also, it was said that the terms given in detail in the Associated Press dispatches were cor rect in all essential particulars, the only features remaining being those of relatively unimportant detail. Immediately following the long con ference the French ambassador and M. Thiebault returned to the French embassy, and then began the hard work of reducing to cipher the Amer ican peace conditions, together with the results of the conference, and transmitting the same to Madrid. The ambassador was smiling and apparent ly well pleased with the result of the conference. All the staff of the embas sy were engaged on the cipher work, as it was a long and intricate process. Allowing for the difference of time be tween Washington and Madrid, the terms could not reach the Spanish cap ital before midnight tonight, and would not get before the Spanish ministry before tomorrow. PROGRESS ON RAISING THE MA RIA TERESA. There was little news of interest from the field of war today. An agree able item was the announcement that the wreckers had practically succeed ed in their efforts to save the Spanish cruiser Maria Teresa. Lieutenant Hob son has already started for his home in Alabama and will sail in a day or two from Tampa directly for Santiago to endeavor t-' raise the Colon. General Miles made no report today, but, as cable instruments have been sent to him from St. Thomas, it is pre sumed he will make more frequent re ports by direct cable in the course of a day or two. The secretary of the navy has com menced to retire from active1 service such vessels as auxiliary cruisers to the navy as can be spared in order to save expense. The beginning was made today when the Inquirer was or dered out of commission. M. CAMBON CLOTHED WITH POW ER TO TREAT. ! Events of the most momentous char acter occurred at the conference at the White house this afternoon between the president, Ambassador Cambon. of France, and Secretary Day. carrying the peace negotiations far beyond the mere submission of terms of peace by the United States, and reaching the point of a preliminary basis of peace between the government of Spain and the government of the United States, needing only the ratification of the Madrid cabinet in what was done to day to bring the war to an end. This was accomplished on the part of Spain when Ambassador Cambon presented to the president the credentials he had received from the Spanish government appointing him envoy extraordinary and plenipotentiary, with complete in structions as to the manner of acting upon every one of the peace conditions presented by the' United States , in cluding the disposition of Cuba, Porto Rico, the Philippines, th-e Ladrones. indemnity, armistice, and all other questions likely to rise in the course of the negotiations. With these credentials. Authorizing him to speak as plenipotentiary for the government of Spain and with full instructions on every point at issue. Ambassador Cambon, in behalf of Spain, not only received the peace con ditions laid down by the American cabinet earlier in th day. but there upon entered upon their full discussion with a view to reaching a definite and complete agreement. After strong argument, the president and Secretary Day consented to a modification of the American terms in one particular. What that modification relates to is not discloved. but it is believed not to apply to the condition for the abso lute independence of Cuba, the cession of Porto Rico or the granting of ade quate coaling stations to the United States" in the Pacific or to diminish in any vital particular the terms on which peace will be restored. The modifica tion brought about practical unanimity between the president and Ambassador Cambon, as plenipotentiary for Spain and the latter has now transmitted the results of the conference to Madrid for approval, which if given, will end the war. UNEXPECTED RESULTS. The profoundly important results de veloped today came about most unex pectedly. Ambassador Cambon's call was set for 2 o'clock and it was expect ed to last but a few minutes, while the answer of the United States was being handed to him, but since the original proposition of Spain was presented last Tuesday, M. Cambon had prepared himself to speak with authority on the questions which were to arise. The president himself had preferred this course, although outside of himself and the ambassador few were aware that the latter would come ready to treat as the -envoy of Spain. The first in structions to M. Cambon made him merely a medium of communicating Spain's first note, but now he appear ed with all the attributes of the dip lomatic officer of Spain, empowered to act for the government. The meeting was held in the president's library and both from the subjects discussed, and the impressive manner in which the argument proceeded, it was a confer ence destined to become memorable. After M. Cambon had presented his credentials, as plenipotentiary, and they had been examined and his status recognized as the envoy of Spain, the first business was the presentation of terms laid down by the United States government. Secretary Day read the terms, pausing at the end of each sen tence to allow M. Thiebaut, first secre tary of the French embassy, to inter pret into French, as the ambassador's knowledge of English is limited. This reading by Secretary Day, and inter preting by M. Thiebaut took about fif teen minutes. Then began the discus sion point by point. The president and the ambassador addressed each other directly with the greatest freedom and frankness, each stoutly maintaining the justice of his position on. the sev eral points involved. When at last, after an eloquent plea by the ambas sador, it was agreed to modify the conditions in one particular, Secretary Day withdrew for half an hour and attended to drafting the modification. This accomplished, the ambassador addressed himself to the president, not so much as the advocate of Spain, but personally, having with the president, man for man, a like interest in hu manity. M. Cambon is a man of fervid eloquence, and he spoke with an in tensity of feeling which made a deep impression on the president and the others present. He spoke in French, each sentence being caught up and in terpreted by M. Thiebaut with rapidi ty, so that the earnestness of the am bassador's expression lost little by this indirect method of communication. The president spoke with equal frankness, and in the lengthly discussion there was scarcely a point in the whole range of the war which was not met and free ly considered. THE MODIFICATION. What the modification is that has been agreed upon can be only conjec tured, but there is reason to believe that it relates either to the time when actual hostilities will be suspended, or else to the extent of our interest in the Philippines, leaving unchanged the condition that Spain shall withdraw from Cuba and Porto Rico, grant the United States coaling stations in the Pacific and make important conces sions in the Philippines. It is now for Madrid government to give final approval to what was par tially accomplished today. It is even possible that this approval may come very speedily, within a day or two, for there is no need of extended confer ences or correspondence. All that was accomplished today, when M. Cambon acted as plenipotentiary. From the fact that he acted under instructions the prospect would seem to be hopeful for Spain's ratifying what has been done. It is for Spain herself to deter mine between the issue of peace or war as now presented. A Passenger Train Dltclied Columbus. Ohio, July 30. Passenger train No. 30 on the Norfolk and West ern, was ditched at Bannon, the in tersection with the Toledo and Ohio Central railroad, at 1 o'clock today. The operator in the signal tower had failed to close the derailing switch. The engine and baggage car rolled down a twelve foot embankment, and the smoker, which was filled with passen gers, was overturned, but none of them were seriously injured. The ladies' coach was derailed, but not over turned. Engineer Frank Garst and Fireman Dan Gilborf saved themselves by jumping, but were badly injured. Brakeman F. W. Laney had his leg mashed. Abandoned Camp atJIlamt Washington, July 30. By direction of the secretary of war, orders have been issued that Miami shall be aban doned as one of the permanent camps of United States forces and directing that troops now there will be transfer- ! red immediately to Jacksonville. While mere is mucn sickness among the troops at Miami, the reports to the war department do not indicate a par ticularly serious condition of alffairs. Do You Read What people are saying about Hood's Sarsaparilla? It is curing the worse cases of scrofula, dyspepsia, rheuma tism and all forms of blood disease, eruptions, sores boils and pimples. It is giving strength to weak and tired women. Why should you hesitate to take it when it is doing so much for others? Hood's Pills arc the best family cathartic acd liver tonic. Gentle, reliable, eure. iiirai Joyfully Received By Porto Ricans PONGE GftPITUIiTES General Titles at Ponce Onr Troop Still Landing The Troops Pushing on Toward the TIountalns-The Span ish Routed at Yanco General miles Issues a Proclamation to the People The Campaign to be Vigorous-On Troops in Good Spirits. (Copyright by Associated Press.) Port of Ponce, Porto Rico, July 2$, via the Island of St. Thomas, D. W.I., July 2S. The port of Ponce surrend ered to Commander C. H. Davis, of the auxiliary gunboat Dixie, yesterday. There was no resistance and the Amer icans were welcomed with enthusiasm. Major General Miles arrived here this morning at daylight with General Kent's brigade and General Wilson's division on board transports. General Kent's brigade immediately started for the town of Ponce, two miles in land, which capitulated. The American troops are pushing to ward the mountains, and will join General Henry with his brigade at Yauco, which has been captured by our troops. A fight before the latter place on Tuesday last was won by the American volunteers. The Spanish, ambushed on the right the companies of the Sixth Massachusetts and the Sixth Il linois regiments, but the enemy was repulsed and driven back a mile, to a ridge, where the Spanish cavalry charged and were routed by our in fantry. General Garretson led the fight with the men from Illinois and Massachu setts, and the enemy retreated to Ya uco, leaving four dead on the field and several wounded. None of Our men were killed and only three were slight ly wounded. The Porto Ricans are glad the Amer ican troops have landed and say they are all Americans and will join our army. " The roads are good for military pur poses. Our troops are healthy and General Miles says the campaign will be short and vigorous. General Miles has issued the follow ing proclamation: "In the prosecution of the war aginst the kingdom of Spain, by the people of the United States, in the cause of liberty, justice and humanity, its military forces have come to occu py the island of Porto Rico. They come bearing the banners of freedom, in spired by a noble purpose, to seek the enemies of our government and of yours and to destroy or capture all in armed resistance. They bring you the fostering arms of a free people, whose greatest power is justice and humani ty to all living within their fold. Hence, they release you from your former po litical relations, and it is hoped that this will be followed by your cheerful acceptance of the government of the United States. "The chief object of the American military forces will be to overthrow the armed authority of Spain and give the people of this beautiful .island the largest measure of liberty consistent with this military occupation. They have not come to make war on the people of the country, who for centu ries have been oppressed, but, on the contrary, they bring protection, not only to yourselves, but to your proper ty, promote your prosperity and be stow the immunities and blessings of our enlightenment and liberal institu tions and government. "It is their purpose not to interfere with the existing laws and customs, which are wholesome and beneficial to the people, so long as they conform to the rules of the military administra tion, order and justice. This is not a war of devastation and desolation, but one to give all within the control of the military and naval forces the ad vantages and blessings of enlightened civilization." Washington, July 29. The results thus far achieved by General Miles and Captain Higginson, in command of the naval squadron, in the occupation of Porto Rico, have created a feeling of intense satisfaction among the offi cials of the administration. Informa tion received today directly from Gen eral Miles and through dispatches to the Associated Press was very gratify ing to the president and his advisers. It indicates, as one official expressed it, that "Miles is cleaning up every thing as he goes." The surrender of Ponce, practically without a struggle, is regarded by the war officials with especial satisfaction. In importance, it is the second city of the island. It has a population of 22. 000, with a jurisdiction numbering 47, 000. While nothing definite is known to the war officials yet of General Miles' plans for the immediate future, the statement in his dispatch that the troops will soon be in the mountain country is taken to mean that he pro poses to push rapidly on toward San Juan. The lighters taken at Playa will enable him to speedily land the troops of the expedition as they ar rive and it is believed there will be no delay in the reduction of the entire is land. It is expected that the Spanish forces will offer no vigorous opposi tion to the United States troops until San Juan is reached. There the great battle in the capture of the island will be fought, unless meantime Spain should conclude to yield to the inevi table. Men, women and children who are troubled with sores, humors, pimples, etc.. may find permanent relief in Hood's Sarsaparilla, I AT SIN II Panicky Feeling Among Business Men. THEY FEAR GUBAN RULE Mercantile Confidence Destroyed by Apprehensions of the City lie lug Turned Over to Cubans Jfor Home Rule-Geueral Shatter Repudiates Alleged Interview as to t;arrlas At titudeCivil Governor Ros Resents military Super Islon. (Copyright by Associated Prens.) Santiago de Cuba, July 2-, 5:10 p. m. (Delayed in transmission.) A panicky feeling prevails in business circles here, owing to a fear that the Americans will turn the city over to the Cubans for self government. No confidence exists, owing to the uncertainties of the future. Orders that were given during the first days of the American occu pation have been countermanded by cable. Even European merchandise on through bills of lading via New York has been ordered unshipped and sold in New York even at a sacrifice. The same feeling extends to the Cu ban merchants themselves who seem to have lost faith in the ability of their own people to control affairs. The rebels demand independence; but the better classes, the merchants and land owners, dread such a possibility and hope fervently that the United States will retain the island, as the only guar antee of stability and prosperity. Senor Julian Cendoja, agent of the Ward Line of steamers, says that 100 Spanish merchants have applied for cabin and baggage room on the return trip of the steamer Philadelphia, which is expected today, and they will leave the city unless there is some assurance from the American government that it intends to control the administration of public affairs in Cuba. This is the question uppermost in everybody's mind. Spanish, foreigners and natives are all alike anxious for a definite expression from Washington of the policy of the United States with regard to Cuba and until that expres sion is made no resumption of trade or commerce can be expected in Santi ago, where, today, both are in a de moralized and choatic state. Major General Shafter is desirous that it should be known that the Unit ed States war department has in no way interfered with the conduct of the campaign. The general adds that he was never hampered by the war de partment and that if the campaign in this vicinity had failed the fault would have been all his own. The depart ment's only participation in the opera tions was in ratifying the terms of surrender of the Spanish forces. General Shafter has requested that these statements be published in view of the fact that the war department i has been criticised for faulty manage- j ment. General Shafter has received advices , that two Spanish transports, one of them being a hospital ship, have left the island of Martinique. They are expected here tomorrow. In addition, three Spanish transports left Cadiz yesterday and four others are to leave Cadiz on July 30th. These vessels are capable of carrying about 15,000 troops, and the embarkation will begin when all the vessels are here. It is expected that all thp SnanlsTi nri nnpri nf war ' will be embarked by August 15th. The American commander has au thorized the Spanish officers who com manded the troops that came to San tiago during the siege from Manzanillo, to send for their wives and families, in order that they may be able to take them back to Spain at the gevorn ment's expense. In all, there are about 750 women and children. Major General Shafter says he has not made certain statements attributed to him in an interview on the subject of the attitude assumed by General Garcia, and he explains that the alleg ed trouble between himself and Senor Ros, the civil governor of Santiago. Is a very small matter indeed. Senor R03 considers himself the supreme civil au thority, basing his claims upon the state paper issued by President Mc Kinley on July 18th and providing in general terms for the government of the province of Santiago de Cuba. Senor Ros, it is understood, resents General Shafter's so-called interference with his duties. A little cloud arose over the fact that Senor Ros discharg ed three employes and substituted for them three of his own friends. The discharged employes complained to General Shafter. who ordered their re instatement. Since then. Senor Ros has been slightly ruffled, but he Is con tinuing to discharge his duties as Gen eral Shafter's subordinate. Senor Ros obeyed General Shafter's orders with out protest, though he may have mur mured behind his back. The work of cleaning the city Is b iT pushed with great activity. Over T i carts are employed in transporting t the outskirts of Santiago the dirt ard refuse removed from the houses. This work, however, will take some time, as before every house door lies a great pile of rubbish which has been dumped into the street by General Wood's orders. The rubbish is being colfected and burned in huge bonfires. The steamer Philadelphia has arriv ed here. She is the first regular mail, passenger and freight steamer to reach here since the city surrendered. She belongs to the Ward Line. A Chinese Warship Sunk Berlin. July 31. A morning paper of this city reports that the Chinese war ship Jutschi has been sunk at Port Arthur during a storm and that 146 persons were drowned. No such Chi nese warship Is listed and It is possible that an error has been made In the transmission of the name by cable. Is K7J U l bifkf t Acts! tests ism it Li Absolutely Pure SOVAI lu4 PCwtW CO.. fcf VOSa. Tin: lati. ritix i: itivmitt K Death or the man b Whose Aid tier t many was made one tf the Itullof Powers of Kurope. Friedrichrhue, July 30, 1:20 p. m. Prince Bismarck pass-! away peace fully. Berlin. July 30. Detail of the d.ul of Prince Bismarck are obtained with difficulty, because of the lateness of th 1 our, the isolation of the castle p;i.l the strenuous endeavors of the attendants of the family to prevent publicity being given to what they, consider rrivate details. The death of the ex -chancellor coircs as a surprise to ail Europe. Despite the family's denials, there was an un dercurrent of apprehension wbon the sinking of the prince was lirft an nounced, Inspired more by what the family left unsaid than by any infor mation given, but when the daily bul letins chronicled improvement in the prince's condition, detailed his exten sive bills of fare and told of hH devo tion to his pipe, the public accepted Dr. Schweninger's assertion when he said there was no reason why F.is marck should not reach th age of ft) years. It appears that the ex-chancelh r'a death was not precipitated by sudden complication, but was rather the cul mination of chronic diseases. Neural gia of the face and inflammation of the. veins, kept him In constant pain, which was borne with the Iron fortitude which might have been expected. SKETCH OF PRINCE ItISM A KCK. Prince O'.to Edoud Leopold Uls-marek-Sehonhausen was born of an old noble family of the "Mark" (Bran denburg) at Schonhausen. April 1, 1815. He was created a count September 16, 1865, and prince (Furst) Von Bis marck in March 1871. He was educated at the universities og Gottlngen and Grelfswald, spent some time In the army, and subsequently settled down as a country gentleman. Brought up in the political faith of the Junkers or Prussian tory squirearchy, he became in 1846 a member of the provincial diet of Saxony and of the Prussian dl t, In which he first attracted attention by his fiery speeches In defence of the old monarchlal party. During the rev olutionary perlor of '48 the services he rendered In the public debates to the conservative cause led to his appoint ment as the representative of Prussia in the diet of the old German bund at Frankfort. Austria was then all-powerful In the German bund. From the time of Bis marck's appearance, however, tha voice of Prussia began to have in creasing weight. Bismarck was sent as ambassador to St. IVterKbur ln 1850 and held that position until 1862. In May of 1862 he became Prussian ambassador at Paris. Five months lat er he was made first minister of the Iruss'tn crown. Within the nxt leu years he humbled the Austrian empire, destroyed the French emplr- ami cre ated the new German empire. II" re modeled the map of Europe, dismem bered Denmark and France. .- en larged the frontiers of Prussia by the annexation of various prlvoncep. in cluding the dominions of three de throned German princes, and succeed ed In placing Germany, which had, previously been the weakest and least respected of all the great pow ers, at the head of all the stateH of Europe. The North German confed eration with Prussia at Its head wan established In place, of the old bund, while with the south German state an offensive and defensive alliance wan concluded, giving the king of Prussia supreme command of all their troops In time of war. In 1868 Bismarck withdrew for some months from active public life, but he was In power again before the end of the year. Then came the Franco German war of 1870 and after a cam paign consisting of an unbroken se ries of victories, largely due to the strategic g-nlus of Count Von Moltke. King William was able, through his chancellor, to dictate terms of jx-ace to his helpless assailant. Colombia Defiant London, July 31. A dispatch from Rome a news agency here fcays tha Italian government does not intend to modify its attitude with regard to the claim against Colunia and is de termined upon exact compliance with the arbitrator's conditions. According I to this dispatch Admiral Candlanl'a , latest report Is to the effect that Co lombia is defiant and serious trouble In possible. The admiral's dispatches are believed to have been tampered with and lelayed. Spaniards Itelued to American Paris, July 30. A Madrid dispatch to The Temps reports that King Alfonso is convalescent from the attack of i measles, with which he was prostrated with a few days ago. The same dispatch says that it Is quite apparent that everybody In Mad rid is resigned to the acceptance of the American terms of peace. The only matter that is raising any dUScultx is the Cuban debt, 4 ... - w 1 1