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it 1 Leading Paper 1N THE YELLOW TOBACCO DISTRICT. Largest Circulation BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM. CaT Rates on Application. -o- S2.00 a Year; 6 Mos. $1.00. THAI) It. M.WN'Mtt. K litorauil I'rop r. Carolina, Carolina, Heaven's Blessings Attend Her:' VOL. VI. HENDERSON, N. C, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1SS7. NO. 47 V r THE ANARCHIST'S. History of the llaymarket Tra; cy in Chicago. CAUSES OF THE TROUBLE. Deeds cf tlio Fateful Day May 4, 1C3G. ALMIE3T, TPJAL AND C0177ICTI0!,. i'ort raits and Skt-trhcn of tlie I'oliee, the Judge, the Jury, th Convieled and Other Interested rcrnonti Picture of the Scene of the Trn;ody, Court Scenes, lite. Closius Kventi of the Drama. Letters or the Condemned, in Wliieli 1 hey State Their Case. ANARCHY IN AMERICA. OON after tho clone of the civil war in tho United States immigration, a 1 -vay.s of iio moan proportions, in croascrt rapidly. It vras then tho A mericari p u b 1 i e first began to hear much of co:nn:un Lim, socialism and anarchism. In ISS'J the maximum was mm rev-hod when 7:1,002 Europeans landed in !: United States. Immigration from ilv.g iatid had declined and that from Ireland fallen to a minimum; but from southern (i. rnr.iiy there, was an immense increase, v. Iiile car.torn Iairopo sent Poles, Bohemians, lt;i-i:i:'s, I Iimi; garians and their eongt ners by te.r; of thousands. In m;my of these people, halted of govi-riimfut had Iweome a heredi tary seiitiineut. Chicago tiecame headquar ter:; tor the discontented, and Tlie Ar'oeiter yA'it'ing (Workers' Journal) their organ. Then t-'pru.i;; up in that city tho International Y'i rkingmeji's association. The platform cr 'e( !niv.iio:i of principles of this organisation, a ; was testified to at the trial, urged that "i,.,e present syateni under which property is v.v::ed by Luiiviihials should be destroyed, r.r.d that all cipital which has been produced by labor should Ikj transformed into coui- i.-.o.i i ro pcrty The ass.viation v.-a:; divi- il'Ml int. "gr.m; 4, , of which thcro wci" j i.L'htyi.i the Cnih-d States iu March, 1?5, Juc.it ed prim ioally in the tit.:3S of industry. vh:pf ."SAp Sfr.liK c"c:;n of the bomb thiiowixg. Th;' t'h.icago groups were known as the 11 l!i lli.i;'. t!ie Northwest Side, tho Ameri can, the Karl Mars, the Frciheit, tho South v.e. t Si.li- jtnd Jeirerson No. 1. Schwab, Nii-b and I.ingg b !on;;i-d to tho North Sido 'j"roup;" Ihigid r.tnl Fischer ioihe North wc: t S d--, ;.:d Spies, Pa:-soii;; and Fielden to the A:ic.-:em. Tiwrc was r.lso an armed social-i.-.ti -vgam-ation called the Ihr u'.id Webr "cci:i, whose members s.-c:n to have al:o 1 -ami r.-eml.vis of the Intcrnntioxuil ' roups,' 1 ut to hav.' been of a higher rank. Tlv bra-.ch of the Intcviiatioual Wor!:ing rie:;'.: : .ix-iat ion which existed in Chicago during issr and up to Maj' 4, p:s:5, wasacom-p:u-t, w.U disciplined organization. At the head T it was a general or I'entral commit tee. Next to it came the Ix lir uud V.'chr--ein. Then ctime the "armed sections' of the various "groups,'' anl the.i came tho un armed m !nlK-rs of tho "group;." JUST BEFORE THE TRAGEDY. The evolution of tho tragedy was curiously regular. First, as has been shown, theso men taught radical Socialism. Next, they organized dis contented v orkingmeti to act more efficiently in strikes: The usual trouble arose: "scabs" to-)'.: the pl.u of striking workmen, they were att.ick.'d ly the strikers, the policowcro rail vl 0:1 fur protection and the incvit.iblo juestiou was presented shall we fight Tho Anarchists, in s:kvc'i and in T. ho Ar:eiucr Zeitung, vehemently urgel destructive measures. They exhirtiH.l the strikers to : Cght both t'.'.e "seal is" and the police, gave minute i::sl ructions how to use nitro-gi yeerine ; mid mamifaeluro bombs, and had "armed ie.tio.is" of their supporters who drilled ; nightly raid were instructed in the use of j lom".s. ! At Lmgth it was boldly announced that the Anarchists had .",tKK armed and well drilled revolutionists iu Chicago, and it was proved 1 that they really had :0tK) at this time, as was j Eworn to during the trial. The Arboitcr Zei- ' tuug and The Ahumi published many such j Bcntiincr.ts as these: j Daggers and revolvers are easily to be gotten ; i hand sroaaJc re cheaply to be produced. 1 V.'ili tl:e workinmcn supply themselves with ! weTjoas, dynamite and prussio acid? ! The ivorliingmen ongbt to take aim at every j luember of the militia. j And while the writers acted with what ! they probably considered caution, the speak- j crs used language ; of a very inilam- ' matorj' character. ! Still, though one of j tho Chicago papers had predicted seri- ous trouble, the meetings were not s u p p r e ssed. Dut F r e d e rick Hber sold, superintend ent, and John Tnn- tlP' 3 2'-4 ' field, inspector cf pobce, wcro vreil v - rawareoi me ertent lff-thP T BcNfltof tho discontent I WR J a9d made tl3 most IS v .'iiiKvj, ' rTTTT; . rr , f. VZLs. Nil;. elaborate preparations to meet the outbrea when it should come. Capt. John Donfield, who assumed the repon-albi-ity on the cigLt of the tragedy, a on the day of the previous riot, was born in v?i iu New bruuswed:, l::s father being a County Clare Irish oiaa late !j a-.-ived iu that province, la l&U tb ftitiy moved to CMcajo, where John Jearced the trade of a niachinist and af toroard became n locomotive engineer. In"l7 lie became a polke uv.a and rose rapii'.ly ia rank. K-.'iK-rinten.lp r. of Police Frederick J. EbersolJ was bora ia Bavaria in 1341, emigrated to Illinois in IS."!?, ealisted in the Twelfth Illinois at the outbreak tf the war, and served till the last Confed erate had laid down his arms. He went in as a corporal cad came out a captain. July 0; 1SC7, lie was Crst enrolled as a po liceman, and ia Oc tober, l.-, he was at the head of the force. In the army he was 10 days under Gro ia battle ors'.;ir:iiis'i. Tho agitation growing out of tho attempt to enforce, tho eight hour law led directly to the tragedy. As early as May, 1SS4, tho or ganized working:nen of Chicago gave r.otica that on the b.t, of May, 188'., they would iu Ei.rt u.ou the general observaaco of tho law. It is not necessary to detail the numerous strikes and occasional riots of tha following two year;; in various sections of the country; sufllee it, thai each one war. eagerly seized upon by thy anarchists as fresh proof that capital was eru'.l-.iig libor. On April 25, IK ." . tho new board of trade bull bug was fom.;d:j ojrncd; there was a Sonic-vhr.t lioious pjpular demonstration again'1, it, and Fieldenand Parcoiw addressed the assemblage in language moro inflamma tory than ever lefore. In July, 18o, there was n general str ike of street car emphr. es. Ono riot was ocitod which was only immimmmmm. f3 VI. EXPL0.5I0X O? BOMB. suppressed by tho ioliee with great illCieuliy. In Febmary, 1SS:;, the v.vrkmen at th- Me Cormic!: factory struck, and Pinkcrton's ne i were employed to defend t!:o property, 1 and th i e v. asa riot. On May 1, V&'.i, the woi kingmon f Chicago, -with few except, tio;is, carricl out their plan of a general strike f tr r.n eight hour day. Tie r.-rike was well managed and partially successful. On May S August Spies delivered a fierce jdiilip-' l;ic against tho non-union men ctiil cmploj-cd at the IlcCormiek works, and thcro was an encounter Ixtween tho "scabs"' and police on one yhlti and tho strikers on tho other. A short and terrible light occurred; several men were killed and many mere wounded in various degrees. From tho battle ground August Spies hurried to the oflico of Tho Arbeiter Zoitung, wrote and had printed and distributed the noted revenge- circular. On May -1 there was rioting nearly all day on blue Island avenue, near tho MeCormiek works. Tho First regiment was ordered to be in rcr.dincss at its armory ami the entire police forco was kept in instant rcadinecs. Tho Arln iter Zcitnng of that morning urged destructive action, and tho Anarchists were busy among tho strikers all day. Thousands oi copies of tho following notice were scat tered through the city: ATTENTION, WORKING in:! Great mass meeting to-night at 7:30 o'clock Et tho Ilaymarkct, Itaudolph street, letween Des plaines and Ilalstcad. Good speakers will be press!! t to denounce the latest atrocious aets cf the police the shooting of our fellov, workmen yesterday ufternoon. Workinmea, arm j-ur-sclws aa.l appear In full force ' The Executive Committee. THE FATEFUL NIGHT. On tho evening of May 4 about 2,000 pcop a,e:nbled. The managers placed tho wagon on which fho speakers were to stand a little way up Perp'.aines street from the Ilay markct, by the mouth of a convenient alley, ar.d at a point where they could have a full view of the police as the latter advanced from their Desplaiaes Street station. Mayor Carter Harrison v.rs iu the crowd and ex pressed anno rurprisc at the mildness of tho first speakers, Spies and Parsons. The crowd was disappointed, too, and was fast melting away, when Fielden took his stand in the wagon. His most intimate English friends could not have recognized the mild Metho dist eshori:or and 1 -orer of other days. His f rcn..i d declamatiee. v?:?ited what remained of i": e crowd, cad the., applause reacted on him. ii was testified at the trial that ho called tor immediate action in these words: Arm ! Arm '. : Tarottle aua kill the law : Then Inspector Iionlield decidetl to disperse the meeting. Seven companies of policemen, 175 men, in plr-f o- s reaching from curb to curb, marched trom their station of Dcs plaines street north to tho v. agon. As they drew near, Fk'. ien is svorn to have shouted: "Here come .:e bloodhounds; you do your duty and I'll do mine!'' Capt. Ward, of the police, called out: "In the name cf the people of tho state of Illinois I command you to peaceably dis perse!"' Fielden stepped down from the wagon ex- J claiming: "We are peaceable!'1 It was claimed by tne prosecution tnat tne word "peaceable"' was the signal agreed on. There was dead silence for perliaps ten seconds, tho crowd slowly moving on aad tho police standing firm, when a strange fLTzinj sound was heard near the mouth o tho alley and thence a n.tle ball rose in curve over tho wagon and fell between tho second and third companies of police. There was Llindins flash, an explosion that was heard I 1101.1. ir ,f tx 1 r 1 i- P(i' iLr i'.ufo Sr. V?3 Bw y- -i p FOUCE VICTIM3. two miles avjl n deep prolonged roar, echoing from tho buildings then appalling coreams and n, volley of pistol shoti The smohc lifted, and the ground appeared covered with slain but only for an instant. Two whole companies c police had been thrown to the ground, of whom one, Matthias J. Degan, was instantly killed, vix mortally wounded and siztr others hurt in various tlegreoc Cut tho jiolico rallied at onco and with tho firmness and slc:i(li?iess of vetc-rans, they sprang forward, emptying their revclvers into tho flying crowd as they went, and f al lowing their shots with their clubs they cleared tho street in less than three minutes of all save, tho &c?A and wounded. From alley, gutter and hallway came deep groans &nd curses. Is is estimated that twenty of tho crowd were killed and about 150 wounded. An An- , archisi named Kiscler was killed by tho bomb. Besides Oiuecr Dcgan, killed outright, the policemen who died of their wounds were J. J. Barrett, Georgo Miller, Timothy Flatii Lan, Michael Shceban, Thomas Rcddin r.nd Neil Hansen. After the dispersion cf the mob canio tho saddest scenes of tho occasion. Tho dead and wounded policemen wcro rap idly conveyed to tho station, tho latter made as comfortable as possiblo and surgeons called; but l.ot beforo their wives and near relatives hurried there, for bad news flics fast. Tho tears of come, tho sobs and loiui cries of others, tho groans, tho gashes, tho blood find mangled bodies all these formed i secro to wring tho hearts of the pitiful. Cv;,wvi i or u;o carooi vuo vvumzucn puucu and tho relief of their families and those cf the ueacL The bomb used is said to havo been of tho sa.no pattern used to bill the czar of llursia, and is very v.-ell shown in tho initial letter cut of this account. It was raado of compo sition metal cups fastened together nearly in tho form of a sphere with a bolt and nut. ARRE3T TRIAL CONVICTION. On the day after the tragedy the police de scended on every known Anarchist resort in Chicago and arrested every suspected man; before morning man had been dragged from their beds. Every ono in Tho Arbeiter Zeitung office was arrested: August Spies, editor in chief; Christ Spies, his brother; Michael Schwab, associate editor; Mrs. Eliz abeth May Holmes, editorial contributor; eighteen printers, two reporters and two messengers. Rudolph Sehnaubclt, who, it 1 .' . r i ' . i.' j I . 1 1 It was aiterward. claimed, threw tho bomb, was among thoso arrested, but tho evidence against him was not deemed suffi cient to hold him and ho was re leased. Ho imme diately left Ameri ca and is now sup posed to bo in vler many. Adolph Fischer was ono of tho printers, and on Lis person when ar rested were found nar-fv a 41-cr.lihcr revolver and a peculiar knife made from a fiat file. All were released af ter the inquest except Schwab, Fischer and August Spies. Tho condemned and some others wero held without bail. May 17, tho grand jury met and listened to a charge by tho late Judge Rogers; on tho 27th they handed in indictments against tho men sinco eondemned and Anton Hirschburger and Jolm Apcl besides. On making up his case tho prosecutor noilied tho indictments igainst tho last two, the evidence being in vaiTieieut. On tho 21st of Jr.;io tho trial bo 5an before Judgo Gary. Three weeks and three days were consumed in making up a jury; 1,251 talesmen wero crammed, both sides exhausting every power the law gavo them. The names of the jury wero as fol lows: Fra-.ik R. OsVme, foreman; J-imes II. Cole, Keutt O. r.andall, Tneodore E. Denker, Charles C lxki, Andrew Hamilton, Charles A. budwj-r, James II. Drayton, Alanson II. Itecrt. John B. Grcaier, Georpt V. Adams, Howard T. Paaford. The trial lasted from July 15 to Ao. CO ia clusivo and attracted tha attention of tho j civil bd world scarcely moro by the impor ' tance of the issues than by tho abilities of i tho counsel. On behalf of the state appeared i States Attorney Juliu3 S. Grinnell, resisted ! by Mcssi-s. Frank Walker, Edmund Furt! Trifle and George C. Ingham; for the accused, Capt. W. 1'. Black, Moses Salomon, W. A. foigniund Zieisler. Ilia jury THE TKIAL. retired at p. m., and at 10 m. cert i j Foster and W in: i day, Aug. 20, returned a verdict cf guilty against all the defendants, with a sentence of fifteen years in the jjenitentiary for Ojcar Nccbe, and death for the other seven. Tho trial began and ended with sensations. On the first day A. IL Parsons, who had escaped and been in biding, walked into the -jcurtroom, announced Lis voluntary sur render and took Lis placo ia the dock with his friends. At the close, when asked by tho court if they had auzht to say why sentence ot death should not bo pronounced, they all made long addresses, those of Parsons and Fielden being the best. That of Spies con sisted of pleading and defiance, reasoning on liberty and quotations from Hcripture. In tho course of his remarks ho sp0'10 of Christ as a Socialist. Schwab and Nee be gavo r.r guments against tho regularity of the trial. Fielden excited some astonishment by say ing: 'The greaffc'oeialist, J.tis Christ, said 1,'JOO years ago: guilty men should 'Uetter tuat mncty-nme go unpunished than that ono innocent man should suffer.'" Juclgo Gary then sentenced tho seven men to La hanged. APFZAL5 TO HIGHER COUNTS. Tho usual application for a new trial was filed and the entire method of tho trial re argued for several days. The application be ing refused, an appeal was taken to the supremo court of Illinois, and onca more tho wholo case was thoroughly argued. It is needless to detad the legal steps; suffice it that so much timo was consumed that the caso did not reach tho supremo court till March 17, 1GS7. Then Messrs. Grinnell, "Walker, Ingham and Attorney General Hunt, for the state, and ilcssrs. Black, Salo mon, Zeisler and Leonard Swett, for the de fense, discussed the issues as to whether tho court below had erred, whether tho Anar chists had been legally condemned to death for mere conspiracy, whether the jury was properly constituted and many others. Tho weight of argument before the supremo court turned upon tho proper con Eurr.EitE covp.t :luj:oi3. shucti-m of the two sections Li tho revised statutes of Illinois f chapter S3, div. 2, sections 2anvi2, whi(.'h abolish tho previous distinc tion between principal and accessor;,", and provide that any one who, "not being p res sent, hath advised, encouraged, aided or abetted, shall be considered as principal a"id may bo punished as such, whether tho principal is convicted or not." On tho 14th of September the court rendered an opinion, which fills twenty-ono closely xrinted columns, and is an exhaustivo crpcsiiiori of tho lav, fully confirming tho decision cf tho crvrt below. And so the pris oners were sentenced to be hanged on the 11th of November, 1SS7. Another hopo re mained. Gen. Roger A. Pryor, Gen. Benja min F.Butler and Hon. Randolph Tucker wero employed as experts in constitutional law, and an appeal made to tho supreme court of the United States, tho chief allegation being that tho recused had not been tried by an ; "impartial jury," as required by tho national j constitution. Tho revised statutes of lUinoLs ! permit tho choice of a juryman who has formed an opinion from reading newspaper accounts of tho caso, provided ho makes oath that his opinion is not such as could not bo overthrown by evidence. Tho question of the taking of a letter without warrant from Spies' desk was also brought up. Tho supremo court of tho United States rendered its decision on tho 2d cf November, holding, in brief, that the jury law of Illinois dees not contravene any provision cf tho na tional constitution, and that the question as to whether the stato coiistitution and laws had been strictly observed was ono for the stato courts alone. Tho court confined itself very strictly to the caso beforo it, entering into tho general questions raised only so for as absolutely necessary. But two points, therefore, were passed upon in regard to tho amendments. The court held that the first ten amendments limit tho powers of tho Fed eral government, not the powers of a stato over its citizens; and that tho Fourteenth amendment has not changed the rule in that i-espect. In all other matters the court holds that it has no jurisdiction, as tho questions a3 to violating the national constitution wcro not raised or argued in the Illinois court. Therefore, a writ of error could not issue. Of the various appeals and petitions and meetings protesting against tho execution cf the Anarchists we havo not room to spook at length. Spies and Parsons have writ ten autobiog raphies, and tho j condemned men, their families and Miss Nina Van Zandt, who mar ried Spies by proxy, havo been the object" of gen eral attention sinco the tragedy. Dusky Mrs. Par sons, who has worked so hard for her husband's bfe, has become personally known in many cities by reason of her speeches in his behalf. Mrs. Sehnaubclt, mother of tho alleged bomb thrower, and Mrs. Schwab, her daughter, were recently brought into special prominence by reason of tho elder lady's visit to America and the rumor that she bad brought with Ler a full statement of the facts in the case from Ler son. Spies, Fielden and Schwab finally signed petitions for eommutation. All these things can only bo alluded to here. Among other cuts we give a portrait of SfccriiT Matson, of Cook opuiiry, Ills. 1 rr.osctrrnca attceys. THE CONDEMNED ' MEN. Brief biographical sketches of tho con demned arc here given: August Theodore Vincent Epies (pronounced Specs) is credited with be;n the brains cf tho movement. He has piven bis experience ia an aut'j'. io&ruphy which is regarded as the work of a (;e:!ias by h:s friends, and as "eloquent insanity in print' by those who are opposed to him. Ho was bora Dee. 10, lS5r. ia the "old robbers' castlo 1 COOTSEL. for DEFcrrsn. of Landek," central Germany; one of his early playthings was r.n t Id torture rack with which tne nobles nse.l to extort money from Jews or "regulate." the peasants, and his favorite haunt in childhood was en the edge of udetp chasm into which the robber barons used to throw "tho pretty girls of tho village ' whom they had kid naped and of whom they had tired. There he Rrew up, and thence he came to America to teach the Anarchistic doctrine, reaching the new world in and Chicago a year later. Tlicrs he wor'.red as au upholsterer for a numb- r of years. He f.rst showed an interest ia the theories of Socialism ia ii". ". and in 1377 joined himself to tho Lehr r.nd Wchr-Vercin. II? was attached to Tho Arb iter Zeitung in 18C0 and succeeded Paul Grcttkcu as editor ia chief in 1S81. Everybody remembers the attachment that Bpnmj up be tween him and Miss Nina Van Zandt during the trial, and which resulted in their marriage "l:y proxy." Samuel Fielden was born ia Todmorden, Lan cashire, England, in 1S17. He grew up to he a laborer and a J.Icthouist field prencher. In l.'.il h came to America, and soon located ia Chicago, where he joined the Jjherai league in lt-tO; there he met !-pics and Parsons, and t hereafter prew rapidly into anarchial views. Save him and Par sons, c!l the eondemned are Germans. Albert R. I'arsons is the -only native American among the condemned men. Born iu Alabama ia 18J3 and early left an orphan, he was reared l;y his brother, who was afterwards the noted Confederate Kcneral, W. II. Parsons. He served iu the Confede rate artillery when hut 11 years old: but after the war he became a Itepub lieau, end in 1872 married a woman "suspctti d of having negro blood in her veins," for which Lis brother disowned Lim. Cefore this he Lad been f.r. t a printer cu Tha Galveston (Tex.) News aad late editor of The Yi'cco (Te.-c.) Spectator. Eecause of this marriage be was obliged 1 1 leave Texas, and locating ia Chicago he worked iu var 0.1s printing offices, but after a time became a professional labor agitator; was at one time master workman of District Assembly 2-1, Knights of Labor, end was president of the trades as sembly f-.r three 3"ears. He was nominated for tho presidency by the Socialistic party iu ltTO, but declined, as ho was not then 35 years of age. Iu 1833, at Pittsburg, he helped frame the platform of tho International Working People's associa tion. Hvi was named for city clerk of Chicago by the Socialists ia and became editor of The Alarm, the crgua of the "American Croup," o year later. nSCHEIL SCHWAB. PAHSON3. srres. FIELDEX. Louis Lingg, who is convicted of having mad;; the boiiibs, is but 22 years old and cannot speak English. He is raid to Lave lieen expelled from Germany, v.-here he was born, for con spiracy. Michael Schwab is a native of Slanheim, Ger many, was bom in 183 and was educated in & convent. Coming to America in JsTO, he worked for a time at the book binders' trade. He became connected with The Arbeiter Zeitung at the same time as Cpfes. Gecrge Engel was bora ia Cassel, Germany, in '.fTM, received a common school education,lekrn-d the printers' trade and came to America in 1873. year later he located ia Chicago, where be soon embraced Socialism and became an Anarchist. He established the Northwest Group" in li. Adolph Fischer is about 20 years of age and is a German. IIo came to America when a lad and learned the printers' trade with his brother. v.Lo pubb'hel a German weekly at Nashville, Term. La'er Adolph edited and published The Little Rock (Ark.) Bloats Zeitmjg, which he sold la 1-L Then be worked at his 'rade fn St- Louis and Chi cago, lie sometimes accused Spies aad Schwab cf being too mild, aad at one time established Dcr Anarchist, a paper intended to supplast Tie Arbeiter Zeitung. Oscar yeele, who received a?ntecce of Cftea yeara ia tho state prison, is also a middle aged German. THE ANARCHISTS' SIDE. Perhaps the Lest possible summary of the AoiarcjiiTts defense cf their action an 1 their belief is found in the Ictteiu ail-'rcsstd by the condcnmeil '.o Jovcrr.cr Oglesby, cf Illinois, extrsrts from which ere given: ft flt 1 It u t-s 1.'.. ( y N4' n w XLK kfiPLtt J&toW I FL2CUER S LrrrTEIL Coox Cpm-sr Jait, Ccicaoo, ICov. 1, 1S7. To Mr. II. J. Oglesby, Governor of the ttute of Illinois: Peak j;n I am aware that petition are being Circulated and eigurd by the general public sv-.k-iug you t j conmmte the sentence of death which v.as"ialli-tod np:n me l y a criminal court of thi state. Auent this action of a sympathizing as I well meaning portion of the peop;e, I solemnly declare that it, has not my sanction. As a man of honor, ns a man of conscience and cs a i.um of principle, 1 e:ir.not accept mercy. Icm not guilty of the charge in the indictment of murdir. 1 am no murderer, and cannot apologize fc-r r.n ac tion of which I know I am inaoectt. And should 1 ask "mtrcy ' on account of my principles, which I Lone: tly believe to be true and noble? Xo. I am no hj xerite, aad Lave, therefore, n excuses to offer wuh regard to t.ving an Auarciiist.be-caus- the. exjeriencesof the past eighteen montlia have oidv t:rc ncthcned my couvictioi.s. Tho question u;. Am I resjionsible for the death of the policemen ct the Hay market 7 and I say n, un less you assert that every AlxlitR-nist could Lrvo biH.-n held responsible tor the deeds f Juhn Ernvn. . History rereats itsc'f. As the powers that 1h have at all times thought that they could t;tem the progressive tide by exterminating a few 'kickers," so do the ruling clas-i cf today Imagine that they can put a stop to tho inov'cr.u i:t of labor emancipation by hanging n few t i:s advo cates. lTogress in its vie'.orious march has Lad to ovi rcome many obttjclcs which seemed iv. vincible, und many ct its a;xstlcs Lave tlitd the death of martyrs. '1 he obstacles which bar the ro.nd of progress today seem to lie inviuciblc, too, but they will be overcome never! ht-L ss. At all timeii when the condition of society has become such that a large portion cf the jicoplc complained ef the existing in justice, the ruling classes Lave denied the truth of these complaints, but have saiJ that the discontent of the portion of the jeop!e in question was due only to the "x raieioin ii.flaence" of '"mali'ious agitators." TvMlay, again, some people assert that the "d d B-rators" are tl:e canre cf the immense disratis fact ion amcng the worKicif people. )h. you reopL; "bo speas ilms. can you not, or will you l:.t read the signs of the times? Po ycu mt fee that the. clouds on the social firmament are thickening Are you not, fcr instance, cwfcro that the control of industry and of the means cf transportation, etc., is constantly concentrating in fewer hands; that the monopolists, I. e., the. sharps imong the capitalists, swnllow the little ones among them; that "trusts," "poo.'s," rud other combinations are being formed ia order to more thoroughly and systematically flcecj tho people; that under the present sy:iriii the de velopment of technic end mechineiy isirom year to year throwing more workmen on the wevside; that, in some parts of this great end fertile land a majority of the farmers are obliged to mortcne their homes in order to satisfy the cxTd of liiou Etrous corporations; that, in short, thj rich arc constantly growing richer r.nd the poor poorer. Yes, mid do you not eomprelit nil that nil tinve evils l-nd their origin In the present i:;s!ituti n t.f society which allows one jortionof tin human race to Luild fortunes upon the misfortunes of others to enslave their fellow men? Instead of trying to remedy IVsp evils, and in stead of ascertaining just v. hat the cruse of thf widening dissatisfaction is, the ruling etudes, ti. rough their mouthpieces press, ulpit. etc. clefame and misrepresent- the charaeU r, t'-a- h- mgs mid motives ot the advocati sof hr.-iiil r-vn-striiction, and use the rill- nnd the club en them, and, if the opportunity is favorable, :;: n I thein tc the gallows and prisons. Will this do n:.y p kU As an answer I may us weil quote the lollowing words with which iienjamin Franklin closed hi.s satirical t ssay, "iluies for lasluciug a Great Ilm- ire to a Small Oi:v" which he deillcr.ted t the nglish government 1:1 1.70: "Supiiose ail tlx ir (the "kicki rs") con;plaints to le invented and ro nioted by a few fa.tious dcniagogm s, whom if you could catch and hang all would lc quiet. Catch and Lang a few accordingly aud lh; Lk l ff th: marlyu sliad work mir.ieks i:i favcrof your purnosj" ki. e., your own luiu). t INTERIOR OF TUB JAIL. To I say society may Lp.ng a number of disci ple" of progress who Lave lisii.'tcrestrdly wrved the cause of the sons r f toil, which ix the cause of humanity, but their blood wdl work mira-les in bringing ahout t!:e downfall of mod'-rn wn ieiy nnd in hastening the birth of a uow era of civili zation. Magna est Veritas 1 1 prevalent. A noun Fisc heo. louis Li.vcr;"3 letteii. To Mr. It. J. Oglesby. fJovernor l Illinois: AtK iit the fact that the progressive and Iilcrty loving portion of the American jKf.ple are en deavoring to prevail upon you to interiose your prerogative iu my case. I fc-l imrx lied to de clare, wirh my frind und comrade Porsous, that I demand eitlr r liberty or death. If you cro I really a servant of the iieople according to the I constitution of the coufitry, then yt.u v.iil, ly virtue of your ofiice, unconditioiially release me. Itefrrring to the geuerol and inalienable rights of men, I nave called upon the disinhi reed "nnd , oppresssd masses to pKse the force of their p Ftrvssors exercised by arm-d enforcemt nt f in amoiis laws, enacted in the inUVest f.f eupitai with force, in irler to attain a dinitie-d and manly existence by securing thefuij r turns rf their" laVr. This und only thi. is the crime ' which was proven agaiust me, not withstanding the employment of pTj;rHi Ustin-onv on the ; j.art of tne Ktite. And tins crime is guaranteed not only r.s a right, but as a duty, by th- A met i i can constitution, tho repre?entativ- of which jou an- s'JT'posel to ix' in me Kiaf" or jiiinou. lint if you are not the repreritative -t tho constitution, like the greet majority of t fT.co holders, a ni.'Te t of the monopolist r n. S'cific iK.'litical clique, you will n.; eii'-rocli ujioa the thirst fir blood hsplayel by the s t':tioners, because a mere milig:ttii n ( tit" vi-r-t!i(.t would Ik; cowardice and a jroof that tha mhng -la:-s.s which j ou reprint are theui bclveii at-hd at tho m usinity of my cm doc. nation, and, consequeiitly, cf their okii;o bitiou of the most s-icr ! rigiits rf tde p-op!e. Your U'-oision in tiiat event wi:l not only judge me, but. ab.o yourself and thise honi you repre sent. Judged then. Ixcis P. B. In op er lofce sure t'nst thu ku- r will coti'sc to our e-WeLil notice, I wni m nd j cu the original iiunu'i'ipt an a regi-stercd letter. Lt. L. GEOafiK EXOEL'8 tETTEIl. Dear Sir I, G-orge F.ng 1, citizen of the United States and ot Chicago, end con-icr-med to !tMi, K-aj"n tht. t r;0'is.;nds if citisetiS jxtitn 'u. n the highest ex. -entire officer of lue htate cf Ibi oofn. to commute my sentem' of d'ath to ini-piison.-nl. I prot.-st einphoticaily against thi on tao 'Oiiowing groend: I i.-a not aware of having violated tny lar-r .f thii c-juutry. Li niy firm Ix Lef in t:e ou:i?u tiea Wi.icb the founders of tl;:s repub.ic q-H-atbed to this people, and w hich r'-maici ui. i lterwi, I L-.ve exercised the riLt cf tree s;ici. free pn., fras thought and fne ass-i:ibuige, a grjoruat' -ed by tbe constitution, and have criti cised ta iii ini condition of society end iC ond niv feiiow citizeua with ray aavice, hh li I regard as the right of every honest citizeu. The JXpT-.eitc-" v. liich I bare Lit hi this country, itur jigtue fi:tecn ye.r that I huve Ured licrv. coo 2erai:iif the ballot n:d the ad.r.iiiirtraiion f -ur i.jli.e i .joctinarirt who La? tjcone totady .-errant, have ra.iioa?e4 my belief in tlteexijat uceof Trial rL'Lts of p r end rich, and the action of the r.aoiic (jiicTs. peboe and nuittia have prodaocd lie G-m belief in me that these cocdi?kiui cantsot -.-t 1 ng. la aceordance with this erjierie-D-.t- I .iav.- taught and advised. Tbis I have doue in 'ol taitii of t jf rigiits which are guaranteed ly :ae confutation, ca t, not lieing conscious f niy viiit, the 'lowers that lie"' may murder me. bu b.- eaiiDot. legally punish me. I prott npa.ti.vt t c.--n.Ktaticu 'A ny j-nt'-ne, and Jeinau- i 1 H ? IT Sl cither lilwrtyt r iTeath. I renounce any kind of nieivy. ia.spei-t fully, 'iicouoc tjwttcu" briEi' CEFX.VSE. The defense of August Spies may be found in many sentences of his letters to Miss Van Zandt and others, and ia his biography and his notable address to the court Le'oro rc: tenco was pronoum-cd. la tho latter Lo caid, among other tilings: "Your honor, I speak lis the reprrwntative rf one class to the representative of unci ht-i 1 will liegin witii tho wiird uttered Ly the Vent tLm doge Falieri to the c v.i-cd f ten: Iy c!f fcrse i your neciisat ion; the eauis ff my niefr -ris: your history.' " A little Liter lie says: "Tf eoti templatist murder i eight mi n," v. !ir-e r!y crime is that they linve Cartil to speak the truth, may oivn I1k eyes of the suiter in t; million, uicy wake tl.em up. Indee d. I Lave roiieitl thut cur ennvictioa bus worked miracles iu this Uiicctit a already." 4nrw '"We Lave interpreted to the people their con ditions r.uil relations in society. We l.avo x nlained to them the different s-wial phrnoiiici-ai.f iho social law5 nud circumstance umh r which Ihcy oeeur. We Lave, by way t.f ncieiit;f!c invts tigation, incoirrovertibly proviil rnd Imiucht to theirktiowledge that the system of wcgin is the root of the social iuifpiiti: - iniijuities s niou btrotis that they ry t.i Leavt n. We have further said that tne wage 83'steiii. om a siwitlc form of Focial development, would by the tirceKKity cf logic Lave to make room for Lirhcr forms of civ ilization; that it was preparing the way for n o dal system of co-operation that in, kociLsm." Absolutely Pure. This powder never varies. A marvel of purity, strength and wholesomeriesii. More economical than the ordintry kinds, and cannot be iold in competition with the multitude of low test, Bbart weight alum or pboftplmte powder. &Ad only tin cans. ItoYAi. Uakino Pow dek Co., 106 Wall St. N Y , auj. 2A, lo PROFESSIONAL CAKDS T. 31. PITTMAJfl, ATTOIINKY AT LAW, HENDERSON, N. C. Prompt attention to all profennional btifd neKs. I'rucliccH in the hi ate and Kcderul court. Kefers by permission to Commercial Na tional be iik and Ii. I.atta & lira., Char lotte. N.:: Alfred W IUiinmA V., Kalelfb, N. C; I). Y. Cooper and Ja. II. Iaultcr, Jlenderfon, N. C. oilice: Over Jan II. LomhIU r & Son'a atore. DOV 5 1 c. A M)KKW J. IIAItlUH, ATTORNKY AT H AW. HENDERSON, N. C. Practices in tberonrtHof Vance, Oranvllle, VV'aireiinnd Krae.kitn cotin ti k, mikI in lue .Supreme ar.d Federal cnirt o-f the htate. oilice! In Ilarrm Ijiw l.ulidl:ig, next to Court llouno. L. C. EDWAHTW, A. K. WOItTHAM, Oxford. N. C. llciidcrvni. N. C JLVAICIS & WOltTilAM. ATTOltNEYK AT LAW, HENDERSON, N. C. Offer tbHr fci-rvleira to the people of Vance count'. Col. LUi wards will atu-nd all tha Court of Vance county, und will eorne to HenderMiii at any and all tinuea when hla aitffib'.'tuce may le needed by Ul partner. marcii 1 W. H. UAT. A. C. 7-OLI-ItorrtB. -JAY & ZOLLICOFFKif, ATTOIINEYH AT LAW. HENDERSON, N. C. Practice In the court of Vance. Granville, Warren. Halifax aud Northampton, and In tii- Knprtmr and Federal court of the Btste. Office: In HarrU law building next to the court houe. fe. I. P S. II A It R I S, DESTiST IIENDEEtSON, N.C. Datlc Storr, rr at. 25. I c. over E. G. Main Street fTTTTQ T A TtT rr be fand on flle at Oe lHi.O ZnXLti v. Row a Co XewfP. .dverttalnz Bui Wl!0 Kmirv t.V. wh-r a4rrt!Iii j c-jotracta msj Im mk Us 1 IS M.W VOUK 0ni t( ROYAL ttVSlt J 9
Henderson Gold Leaf (Henderson, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Nov. 17, 1887, edition 1
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