Newspapers / Henderson Gold Leaf (Henderson, … / March 5, 1891, edition 1 / Page 1
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'V THE WAY i O Of the transgresHor is hard, but the way to rtaeh the Pinnacle of SUCCKSS IV BCWNEMJ, oil, je msrehant of little faith, is to advertise Advertise persistently, advwtise liberally, ad vertise in the GOLD LEAF ANjOUNOE Of Printers' Ink, judi-i-iounI.v used, mill be the moan of soiling tons of jrrtM-eries, dry goods, und other necessaries of life. Try it keep at it and success will 6urlv come. The best adver tising medium is the GOLD LEAF TE1D R. UMIG, PnWIsier. cc Carolin-a, Ok-olust, ZET'HAeisr's Bj-.essi3stgs A.TTZEisriD Her." ' -! I SUBSCRIPTION $1.50 Cash. HENDERSON, N. C, THURSDAY, MARCH 5, 1891. NO. 12. ; -1 TTTTQ T a T L nit te found on file at G4 XtLLO rajTEiO. p. HowHl & Co t Newspapet Advertising Bui i10 Spruce ' A when- ndvprtMiiJ Vntract may b ! for I " SEW 'lK2 North Carolina's Favorite. 1 T IT l 8 9 7 North Carolina's famous brand of PURE OLD WHISKIES Have been manufactured on the same plantation for the past 122 Years. 122 Rye anl Con WMsiey,: iPeacli anfl AbbIb Braniy ON IIAXI). New 1, 2. 3 and 4 year. i!ii. Shipped in any jnantitv. 'iite for price list. Old Nick Whiskey Co., (Successors to .Jos WiiUilllls) PANTHER CUKEK. V:i.lki:i Co.. X. C Mmoni & Danville E. R. Co. CONDENSED SCHEDULE, IN EFFECT FEBRUARY ist, 1890. DAILY. SOUTHBOUND. 1 Xo. ii. Vo. 11. : 1 5 a 111 5 ii ;i in r 5ii a in X 25 a 111 10 25 a 111 1 N1M I.v. Richmond ! i (Hi p in " Biukeville j Sftfpiu Keysville " :' 4'J p 111 At. Danville j 15 p 111 " (iieensboro S I'll p III J,v. Ooldslioro 1" p III Ar. Ualeicli u 114 p 111 I.v. Kalciuli j 4 15 i 111 " Durham 1 .". 211 p m A r. Greensboro ! 7 45 p in j Lv. Winston-Salem j fii 30 p 111 Lv. Oreensboro 8 30 p 111 j A r. Salisbury TO 33 pin! , j Ar. Statesville 12 .'Via in. f4 :v) 7 35 1 25 3 27 7 50 p 111 p In a 111 a 111 a 111 i 50 a 111 i a 111 ! p 111 12 57 p 111 Asheville 5 55 a 111 j 5 3X p ill 8 32 pin 7 20 pm Hot Springs Lv. Ar. Salisbury Charlotte Spartanburg Greenville Atlanta 10 45 p 111 12 20 a 111 3 41 a 111 4 53 a ni 10 00 a 111 uK 11 III 1 30 p III 4 33 p in 5 4i p m 11 00 p in Lv. Charlotte Ar. Columbia " Auiftista 12 40 p 111 4 40 a III 1 1 45 p ni 5 50 p III SJ3 a ni ! 30 p m DAILY XOUTHl'.orXD. Xo. 10. Xo. 12. Lv. Amrtista " Columbia Ar. Charlotte 9 30 p ih 12 20 a ill 4 30 a 111 10 45 a 111 2 00 p ill 0 10 p 111 j Lv. Atlanta Ar. Charlotte " Salisbury (00 p 111 I 7 10 a III 4 40 a m I li 35 p in ti 20 a 111 8 00 p in Lv. Hot Springs " Asheville " Statesville s.r. Salisbury 11 32 p m 1 04 a 111 5 2l a 111 l 20 a 111 ? n ni 2 li) p ni li 33 p 111 7 25 V ni Lv. Salisbury Ar. Greensboro i27 a 111 8 11a 111 8 30 p 111 10 27 v III Ar. Winston-Salem 111 45 a 111 ft- 10 tt 111 Lv Ar. Greensboro Durham Raleigh lft !?5 a 111 11 15 p ni ! 4 30 a 111 7 35 a 111 ; 12 3:5 p 111 1 p III Lv. Raleigh Ar. Goldsboro 1 37 ) 111 3 10 p 111 f 9 00 a 111 1 00 p in Lv. Greensboro Ar. Danville " Keysville Biukeville " Kicliinond 8 20 a ni:10 37 p in 10 01 a ni 10 25 a 111 12 50 p 111 j 3 25 a 111 1 31 p ni ; 4 03 a 111 3 30 p nij li 00 a in Between West Point, Richmond & Raleigh. Via. Keysville, Oxford and Durham. It; and 13. l 00 p ni 4 38 p in 4 30 p in 2 21 p ni 1 40 p in 12 21 p 111 11 47 a 111 10 57 a 111 10 15 a m 9 15 a 111 10 52 a in 8 15 a m t Daily except Sunday. Daily. Washington and Southwestern Vesti buled Limited operated between Washing ton and Atlanta daily, leaves Washington 11 10 a in, Danville 7 23 p m, Greensboro 8 50 p in , Salisbury 10 20 p in, Charlotte 11 40.p 111, arrives Atlanta 15 20 a ni. Ke turning leave Atlanta 10 10 a 111, Charlotte 7 05 p m, Salisbury 8 20 p 111, Greensboro 9 45 p 111; arrives Danville 11 05 p 111, Lvnehbtirg 1 30 a 111, Washington K 53 a in. 'Additional train leaves Oxford daily ex cept Sunday 11 03 a ni., arrive Ilendeison l'J 05 p m.. returning leave Henderson 2 13 p m.. dailv except Sunday, arrive Oxford i 13 p m. No. , leaving Goldsboro 12 13 p m and Raleigh 4 15 p in daily, makes connection at Durham with No. 40, leaving at 5 35 p in daily, except Sunday for Oxford, Hender son and all points on O. & II., O. & C. and It. A M. roads. Tassenger coaches run through between West Point and Kaleigli, via Keysville, on Nov 15 and 14, and Hi and 13. Xos. 9 and 10 connect at Kicliinond from . and to West Point and Baltimore daily ex ept Sunday. SLEEPING-CAK SERVICE. On trains 9 and 10, Pullman Huf 'fet Sleeper between Atlanta and New York; between Danville, Augusta and Maeon. and Greensfcoro (via Asheville) to .Morristown. Tenn. On 11 and 12, Pullman Huffet Sleeper letween Washington anil New Orleans via Montgomery, and between Kicliinond and Danville, Kaleigli and Greensboro, ami be tween Washington and Augusta, and Pull man Buffet Sleepers between New York, Washington and Hot Springs via Asheville. OL HAAS. JAS. L. TAYLOK, Traftle Manager. Genu. Pass. Agent. W. A. TURK, Div. Pass. Agent, Raleigh, N. C. Money to Loan. On improved farms in sums of 300 and upwards. Loans repayable in small an nual instalments through a period of 5 ?ar thus enabling borrower to pay off his udebteduess without expending his crop in any one year. Loau not to exceed 33-100 of value of land. Apply to U. T. WATKINS. Henderson, N. C, Attorney for Shattnck & Hoffman, p 23 of New Orleani, La. 15 and 14. STATIONS. 7 50 a 111 Lv. West Point Ar. 9 15 a 111 Ar. Richmond Lv. 10 35 a 111 Lv. Kicliinond Ar. 12 45 p in " Hurkeville 1 40 p 111 Keysville " i 2 17pm " Chase Citv " i 2 50 p 111 " Clarksville "j 3 41 p in Ar. Oxford Lv, 4 05pmLv. Oxford Ar. 5 05 p m " Henderson " 3 46pm Lv. Oxford Ar. 32 p 111 Ar. Kaleigli Lv. T! T niiTTrnn7 MM. 1. OllMilAl Struggles and Triumphs of the Citizen, Soldier and Patriot. TBJE LAST OF THE GREAT TRIO. Ichoolboy and Cadet The Scion of Very American Stock Disappointed la Not Getting Into Mexico and In Getting to California Marriage and Civil Life. In LouUianw Civil War And the Rest la Familiar History. c.ks. w. t. fi!F.::ma I From his latest photograph. It is intervstin'' to note the stock from which heroe-i s:ri;i.'. The Sherman family came from Stive::, Erilnnd. One branch produced lloor R":ieri:i:in, William M. Evarts and (i'.-iii-r-o I iloar. Another gave us the two i.i-.t hers. Senator John and Gen. William Tccntnseh Sherman. The father of these two distinguished men, Charles li. Sherman, v.-.:s a jmle of the Ohio supreme court, and during the war of 1812 had acted hs commissary of sul istence. Being a jr-eat admirer of the Shawnee chief Te enmseh, when the child destined to become one of the great chieftains of the civil war was born Judge Sherman gave him for a second name "Tecumseh." William Tecumseh Shermr.n was born at Lancaster, O., on the Sthof February, 1S20. His father died when he was 9 years old, and the boy was taken into the family of Hon. Thomas Ewing, who always treated him as a son. At the Lancaster academy he studied the ordinary branches, besides .Latin. Greek and French. Mr. Ewing be ing a United States senator, and having a cadet's appointment at his disposal, noti fied the youngster to prepare for West Point. In 1S31, however, Sherman was employed r.s rod man with the engineers locating the Hocking Valley canal, receiv ing u silver half dollar a day for his work. Leaving Lancaster in the latter part of May, 1830, he went to Washington to re port to Senator Ewing, traveling over the great National road to Frederick. Md. There he was told that he could t;:ke cars to Washington, but "not having faith in the novel and dangerous railroad," ho says in his memoirs, he stuck Vo the coach. From Washington he went to Baltimore by rail, thence by boat to Havre de Grace, thence by rail to Wilmington. Del., and thence up the Delaware by boat to Philadelphia. After a few days of delightful sightseeing ho took Iwat to Bordentown, rail to Am boy, and boat to New York. There he met William Scott, the husband of one of his cousins, "a neatly dressed young fallow," be says, "who looked on me as an untamed animal just caught in the far west, 'fit for gunpowder' and nothing else." The stoam er Cornelius Vanderbilt took him to West Point, where he arrived on June 12. Sherman was a good scholar. He stood sixth in a class of forty-three, and but for the demerits for his inattention to rules and regulations would have stood eveu higher. Upon graduation he was commis sioned a second lieutenant in the Third United States artillery, to report at Gover nor's Island. New York, where he was as signed to the command of a company of recruits pn-iKiring for service in Florida. In F1oril:i. Soutii Carolina ami California. Gen. Zachiifv Taylor was then iu chief command in Florida, and Col., afterward Maj. Gen., Worth commanded the Eighth infantry at St. Augustine. Shermau went with his company to St. Augustine, and seems to have learned more there about spearing fish than shedding blood. The Seminole war was over, the Indians were scattered, and the duties of the soldiers were principally hunting up the fragments SHERMAN'S NEW TOr.K RFPIT'ENTE. 75 WEST SEVESTY-FIKST STREET to seud west lie said then that the policy was the worst possible. Florida, almost surrounded by water, was the best plaoe on the continent to control and civilize Indian. ;:nd was intrinsically worth much lets to the whites than the Indian terri tory. After three years in Florida and a visit home he was detailed to assist CoL Churchill, i-.s-x- .o;- general of the army, in taking depositions in upper Georgia and Alabama concerning "losses by volunteers in Florida by reason of the failure of the United States to provide sufficient foragi." This duty nok him to Marietta, G a., where be became familiar with the ground over hich f.ve;i: . years afterward he was to lead a ;-; ;v. His percgri.; ' -sex-tended I 1 .K-'llefontc. Ala., t 1 A.Unta, Oa., ii" i '.lowledge of th" ' ' was so minute that twenty years later, giving an order to Gen. McPhorson to ascend Keuesaw mountain, ho said, "Half way up you will find a plateau and peach orchard n a good place for your men to take breath before the assault." He had visited the orchard many times during his former stay. Early in 1S4G he was a first lieutenant at Fort Moultrie, Singularlenough, the com pany was commanded by Capt. Robert An derson, who fifteen years later'was to hold the fort while the storti of civil war waa gathering aliout it. Gen. Taylor was at this time at Corpus Christf. Tex. Sherman was ordered north on rwmung service and assigned to duty at Pittsburg, Pa. Here he heard of the battles of Palo Alto and Resaca de la Palma, and chafed under the quiet duties of a recruiting officer. Impatient to reach the scene of active operations, he left his corporal in charge of his recruiting office and took what men he had gat hered to Newport Barracks, oppo site Cincinnati. "I then reported in Cin cinnati," says Sherman, "to the superin tendent of the western recruiting service, Col. Fanning, an old officer with one arm, who inquired by what authority I had come away from my post. I argued that I took it for granted he wanted all the re cruits he could get to forward, and did not know but he might want me to go along. Instead of tppreciating my volunteer zeal he swore at me for leaving my post and told me to go hack to Pittsburg." He was soon, however, assigned to a com pany under orders for California, and on the 14th of July. 1S-I0, sailed from New York. Thus was he deprived of the experi ence that others found so useful when the great war made the captains and lieuten ants of '4C-'48 the generals of 'C1-'C5. While in California Sherman heard that t he Mex ican war was over. Two years later he returned from the Pacific coast with dispatches to the war department, visited his mother and re turned to Washington, where on May 1, 1830, he was married to Ellen Boyle Ewing, daughter of his foster father, then secre tary of the interior. It was a "swell wed ding" indeed the most brilliant of that "season" and there were present Clay, Webster, Benton, President Taylor and all his cabinet and many other distinguished men. Mrs. Sherman died in November, 1888, at the home i u New York, at the age of 04, after a happy married life of 38 years. She was buried at St. Louis. After a bridal tour to Niagara and a business trip to California and return to Lancaster Lieut. Sherman resigned his commission and entered a banking firm in San Francisco. He remained through six stirring years; then came the panic of 1857; the bank was closed, and in 1S39 he located in Leavenworth, Kan., as lawyer and real estate agent. He found the life insupport ably dull, and eagerly embraced an offer (for which he was somewhat indebted to Maj. D. C. Duel, afterward general) to take the place of superintendent of the Louisi ana Military academy. But he held it little more than a year, for the great con flict was at hand. Open in jj of the Civil War. His resignation waa accepted on the 1st of April, 1SG1. lie had already sought the presidency of a St. Louis .Ohorse railroad, and meanwhile visited his brother, Sen ator John Sherman, who introduced him to the president as just from Louisiana. GEN SHERMAN IN '65. Gen. Sherman thus reports the interview in his memoirs: " 'Ah,' said Mr. Lincoln, tow are they getting along down there?' I said, They are getting along swimmingly they are preparing for war.' 'Oh, well,' said he, T guess we'll manage to keep house.' I was silenced, said no more to him and soon left. I was sadly disappointed, and remem ber that I broke out on John, damning the politicians generally, and saying: 'You've got things in a h of a fix, and you may get them out as best you can,' adding that the country was sleeping on a volcano that might burst forth at any minute, but that I was going to St. Louis to take care of my family and would have nothing to do with it." The apparent cheerfulness and hopeful ness of the president was doubtless dis couraging then to many others, who did not know of the load behind it. Of all the eyes that looked into the future none saw farther than Mr. Lincoln's. Sherman was elected president of the horse railroad, and entered upon his duties April 1, IStil. Twelve days after came the firing on Sumter. Sherman was offered the chief clerkship in the war department through Montgomery Blair, with a pros pect of being assistant secretary of war, but declined. He says Frank Blair inti mated to him that he would secure his ap pointment as brigadier general, ami to the position Lyon afterward held, but that he declined this office. For the work to be done in the field Lyon was perhaps a bet ter man than Sherman. Lyon was ready to act in those fermenting times when there was lTttle or nothing to work with, I while Sherman's strength was only devel- oped when the means were at hand and i the machinery in f.'iie working order. Sherman formally offered his services by letter to l he secretary of war on May 8, 18CI. Sis days later he waa appointed colonel of one of the new regular regi ments, the Thirteenth infantrj. IH'iavi unti Disastera of 'CI. In June, 1S31, he was assigned to the command ,f a brigade in the Army of the Potomac, tind Iluii Run was the first mili tary contest of any kind that lie saw or took part in "when," he says, "for the first time in lay life I saw cannon balls strike men and crash through the trees and satMin :s ;.b;)re and around us, and re alized the always sickening confusion as one approaches a fight from the rear; then the night march from Centreville. on the : Warreuton r . :1. standing for hours won- j dcring what v. ;:s meant; the deployment along the edge of the field that slopes down to Bull Ru::, and waiting for Hunter's ap- , proach 0:1 the other side from the direc- ' tion of Sudley Springs, away off to the right; the terrible scare of a poor negro, who was caught between our lines; the crossing of 'B ill Ran' and the fear lest we should he fired on by our own men; the : killing of L.:-i:t. Col. Haggerty, which oc curred in ; ! 1:1 sight, and the first scenes of a Held strewed with dead men and horses." Thus does Gen. Sherman graph- j ically picture hisentrancc to his first battle, j Then followed the period of reorganiza- j tion. McClell.in was soon in command of j all the armies of ti e United States. Sher man was made a brigadier general, and on the 24th of August was ordered, with his former classmate, George H. Thomas, to the department of the Cumberland to re port to Gen. Robert Anderson, once cap tain of the battery in which Sherman served at Fort Moultrie, S. C. Buckner was at the time supposed to be marching on Louisville; the state of Ken tucky was endeavoring to preserve her neutrality, and there was a very small Union force at hand with which to make a defense. Sherman advanced to Mul draugh's Hill with such volunteers and home guards as could be collected. Gen. Anderson's health was not equal to the command of so many conflicting elements, and on the 8ti vt October, 1861, he pub lished an order relinquishing Lis com mand, which fell on Sherman as next in rank in that department. It is Impossible for the student of war history to peruse the record of Sherman's administration in Kentucky and his subse quent advance to Atlanta without wonder ing that the same Sherman acted in both fields. Sherman in Kentucky found him- .' 1 . ( .A.-to1 n - A A COUNCIL OF WAR. self an unwilling commander. "Looking r.t his field," say Messrs. Nicolay and Hay in their "Life of Lincoln," "with a purely professional eye the disproportion between the magnitude of his task and the imme diate ineiins for its accomplishment op pressed him like a nightmare." His impatient temper soon set his rather sarcastic tongue in most injudicious action. Secretary Cameron came in person to lis ten to his complaints and asked what he wanted. "Sixty thousand men at once, and 200,000 before we are done," was his reply. It is definitely recorded that for once in his life Simon Cameron was shut up. When he repeated this to Adjt. Gen. Lo renzo Thomas he added: "Sherman is crazy. lie wants 200,000 men sent to Ken tucky!" The next day it was in the papers that the secretary thought Gen. Sherman crazy a newspaper correspondent was pre.-.ent to hear the remark. And every word that Sherman said to Cameron was in print within a week. In another week Gen. Sherman was "relieved and ordered to report at St. Louis" to Gen. Halleck. Sliiloli and Tlcksburg. One of the most fortunate things that i happened to Sherman and the Union cause j was the order for him to report to Grant at Paducah. He had started out with the same disposition as other generals, who were destined to become gigantic failures, to magnify the difficulties in the way and take a discouraging view of his own re sources. In Grant he found a man who was always ready to act with what mate rials were at hand, who from the first was looking at his front rather than his rear. Sherman was a man who could profit by the contact, and doubtless to this fact more than any other is due his final tri umph as one of the great leaders of the war. He was at Paducah when Fort Henry and Fort Donaldson were taken. On the 10th of March, by order 01 Halleck, he em barked his division at Paducah and at Fort Henry reported to Gen. C. F. Smith, by whose orders he joined Grant at Pitts burg Landing. At the battle of Shiloh Sherman com manded his division. For the second time he had an opportunity to take part in a great battle, and in command of three or four times as many men as ho led at Bull Run. On the llth of April Gen. Halleck ar rived at Pittsburg Landing and assumed personal command. Commanding his division with the right, Sherman was a witness to Hal leek's illustration of the art of war as laid down iu the books by ad vancing an army of over 100,000 men, by regular iege methods, on Corinth, a place of no especial natural strength and de fended only by dirt and about 50,000 Con federates. Grant knew that the siege of Corinth was a farce, but Sherman, who was full of impulse and still had a great ileal to learn, spoke of it as "a victory as brilliant aud important as any recorded in history." Then came the operations about Vicks burg and on the Yazoo river. Sherman's somtnand consisted of four divisions. Ho attacked the Confederate fortifications above the Chickasaw bayou and was driven back, having lost 1,900 men to a Confeder ate loss of 200. His failure in Kentucky had been fol lowed by his failure at Vicksburg, and he was neither trusted by the people nor by the administration. McClernand assumed command of Sherman's army, except two divisions, and Sherman issued a farewell SHERMAN'S ARMY DESTROYING THE MACON RAILROAD. address. Then with his two divisions he accompanied McClernand's army to Ar kansas post. Here in the investment he was given t:.-e advance, and in the assault that follows 1 exhibited, according to Mc Clernand's report, "his usual activity and enterprise." Sheriuu:i was assigned to the left of Grant's y when the latter prepared for the nif.vi "it by which he should get to the rear of Vicksburg. Having been or dered to make a feint against Vicksburg, Sherman ran up to Haines' Bluff, disem barked under a heavy gunboat fire, and kept the enemy in momentary anticipation of an attack till he had reason to suppose that the crisis with the main army had passed. Then he joined Grant in time to engage in the general advance. The oft told history need not be retold here. The Atlanta Campaign. For his brilliant services in Mississippi Sherman was made a brigadier general in the regular army, and was left in com- -1 4kt rK- mand of the division cf the Mississippi, embracing the departments of the Ohio, Cumberland, Tennesseeand Arkansas. The army of the Ohio was under Schofield. that of the Cumberland under Thomas and that of the Tennessee under McPherson. On the 10th of April, 1S64, the total force of these three armies was 352,000 men on paper. Those present for duty were 1S0, 000. Out of this force Sherman prepared 100,000 men for active operations, leaving 80,000 to guard the immense territory, the lines of communication, railroads, bridges, depots, etc., behind him. .'e, force of en gines and cars required to carry food for his army he estimated at 100 locomotives and 1,000 cars. ' There were but 00 locomotives and 600 cars at hand. Sherman instructed his mas ter of transportation to hold all rolling stock arriving from Louisville at Nash ville. In this way he accumulated suffi cient cars tind engines to transport food to his armies. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston was in his front with an army of 42,000 men. Johnston was afterward joined by an additional force of 22,000 men. Thus the armies stood at 100,000 to 64,000. By the 1st of June Sherman had lost 10,000 men, and John ston 13,000. The force then stood, Sher man 90,000, Johnston 51,000, showing a sur plus of 39,000 for Sherman. In a limited space it is impossible to give an account of the different battles fought in this campaign. It will be more inter esting to note the features of the struggle, the objects to be gained and the advantages and disadvantages on either side. Sherman having a superior force, and being each day drawn farther from his base, was anxious to bring on a battle. Johnston must eit her fight a force exceeding his own by nearly 40,000 men, or at last demoralize his army by prolonged retreat. The two armies would come together; each would throw up breastworks; the country being moun tainous, usually protected Johnston's right; Sherman would throw his surplus to his own right, on the outer extremity of which was his cavalry, and when ivbout to get in Johnston's rear Johnston would re treat. Sherman, grown impatient, decided to attack at Keuesaw. The armies of the Cumberland and the Tennessee marched forward to the assault. The result was a failure scarcely less bloody than Fredericks burg. Then Sherman once more threw out his flanking column and Kenesaw fell. Union pickets took possession one morn- Vsv ..-s Vi SHERMAN AT ATLANTA. ing without a shot. Sherman, who with a glass was watching the pickets climb the heights and saw them go over the crest, at once ordered a quick pursuit. So the game went on till Sherman was in sight of tho spires of Atlanta. Then Johnston was relieved of his com mand by Jeff Davis, and Gen. Hood was put in his place. Hood fell upon Sher man's flank, McPherson was killed and the Union forces driven back with great loss. Sherman was held at bay in sight of Atlanta for a month. The check was dis couraging, but the great flank movement forced Hood to evacuate. A southern writer has told a story of the surrender of Atlanta in most graphic fash ion. It was ki.own that Sherman with his army was nearing the city, and the mayor, accompanied by a little band of citizens, rode out to meet the general. A sudden turn in tho road brought them face to face with a marching detachment of ",cn in blue. A brief halt, a hurried explanation. A Federal colonel rode up to tho spot ami asked a few questions. Tho white flp.;j, the appear ance of the strangers in citizeni" parb and the calm, measured words of Mayor Calhoun sat isfied tho ouicer, and an orderly was at once detailed to guido tho visitors to the com mander's camp. When the mayor and his friends were intro duced to Gen. Sherman they saw before thera a man of 45 who looked fully ten years older. His bronzed face v.-.xs seamed with linesof care, and his eyes told a tale of sleoplca nights. His wrinkled brow and hia rough, closely trimmed beard, together with his weather beaten field uniform, niado him look like nnythins but a holiday soldier, and Ids appearance contrasted strikingly with the glitter and iU'-riug colors of the imposing staff around him. The stern commander, after a searching scru tiny of tho faces before him, looked down at tho ground, while Mayor Calhoun quietly in formed him of tho helpless condition of tho city, and briefly surrendered it upon the con dition that life, liberty and private property should be protected. Then the general looked up again, and in a curt, businesslike way said that ho would jrant the conditions requested. "But this is war, you knov." ho said in his ibrupt way: "yes, it, this is war, and I nust place your town tinuer mar! ial law. That iron't hurt good citizens, Lut it will play tho levil with the bad ones." Shortly after midday tho streets wore blue R-ith companies and regiments of Fedt-rals. All night tho wagons and troop.; wero mov ing into tho city, and tho next day the place was crowded. A dozen generals occupied the he?t houses. In some cases compelling the original occu pants to move into other quarters. Jen. Sher man established himself very comfortably in the present high school building, on the corner of Mitchell and Washington streets, and en gaged for a housekeeper an old lady who two days beforo had been denoun.-ing him a3 a savage for whom even tho worst fate was too good. The two got along very ngrcvahly, and In less than a week tho housekeeper tMd her friends that the general was the r.ieest ..ian in tho world, and had been shamefully slandered. The icjoicing in the north at the fall of Atlanta knew no bounds. Sherman from having suffered unpopularity became an idol. Many expected the war to end at once; but there was stiil a fox at large who must be caught. Hood had only imitated Beauregard at Corinth when the Confed erate army disappeared before a superior force to turn up elsewhere. But when we consider Sherman's on ward movei'icut. with a line of several hundred miles in bis rear extending through a hostile countrj-, we see how far superior was the Sherman who followed Johnston's arm" Atlanta, to the Sher man who was b IJered in Kentucky. March to the Sea. Sherman entered Atlanta on the 1st of September. While the people of the north were rejoicing at his success, Sherman him self was puzzling his brain as to the nest move on the chess loard. With an army 1 of 100,000 men, several hundred miles from his base, his enemy gone from las front and liable to strike at any other point along the whole Confederate and LTnion front, Sherman might well listen to the plaudits of hit countrymen, feeling that they might at any moment be turned to blame. Hood, as anticipated, soon ap peared in Sherman's rear, and liegan to at- T o" r"i jp aT j fll THE MARCH TO THE SEA. In the cut the upward curves show tho gen eral lino of march of the Twentieth corps, tho reversed curves that of the Seventeenth corps, tho broken black line that of the Fourteenth corps, and tho unbroken lino that of tho Fif teenth corps, while the stars iHow tho pre scribed range of the cavalry: but it is to lie noted that the cavalry swept over a largo breadth, and tlankur; hodies of tho infantry often departed from the main liu trck the railroad supplying the Union rrmy. Sherman c:ist longing eyes on Mobile nnd Savannah anywhere to shorten his line of supply. Meanwhile he sent Thomas back to Chattanooga to look after Hood and protect his present line from Atlanta to Louisville. lie then conceived the plan of marching to the sea, there to meet transports loaded with pro-h..i. Gen. Grant strongly advised h'm to turn and destroy Hood before entering upon his proposed move. Sherman replied tn.it if ho could hope to overhaul Hood he would turn against him with his whole force, but that ho feared Hood would retreat southwestward with a view of drawing him from Georgia. "Still," said Sherman, "if he attempts to invade middle Tennessee I will hold Decatur, and be prepared to move in that direction; but unless 1 let go of Atlanta my force will not lie equal to his." Sherman also added in another dispatch to Grant, "If I turn hack now the whole effect of my campaign will be lost." Grant replied: "I do not see how you can withdraw from where you are to follow up Hood without giving up all wo have gained in territory. I say, then, go or. as you propose." So tho great march w; 1 begun. Sixty thousand men made a holiday march over the territory lying between At lanta and the ocean. The march to tho sea has doubtless done more to attach fame to the name of Sherman among the masses than any campaign he planned or execut ed. There is something in it so di.Terent from the ordinary lead and powder and blood of war. Tho men were so happy. "Uncle Billy, I guess Grant is waiting for us at Richmond," they called out as Sherman passed them on the march. There were shots fired, but at sheep and chick ens; there was blood spilled, but it was the blood of November turkeys. It was a jolly, roistering, reckless army an army that had fought for and won the privilege of roving at will over tho territory that w:i3 laid open to it. In about thirty days the advance came to tho banks of Ossibaw sound.where f row .led Fort MacAllister, but Gen. Hazcn's division formed in lino and walked over the parapets with but little trouble. Supplies were at hand, sent down from the north by sea; the goal was won. Sherman had a new and safe means of supply, and the moral effect of the move was tremendous. Sherman says in his "Memoirs:" "I con sidered this march as a means to an end, and not as an essential act of war. Still then, as now, the march to the sea was gen erally regarded as something extraordina ry, something anomalous, something out of the usual order of events; whereas, in fact, I simply moved from Atlanta to Sa vannah, as one step in the direction of Richmond, a movement that had to be met ami defeated or tho war was neces sarily at an end." Finishing the Struggle. On the first day of February, 18G3, Sher man started with 83,000 men in pursuit of SHERMAN'S ARMY ENTERING COLUMBIA, the second part of his plan, which was to strike Richmond from the Carol inas. IJo moved up to Columbia, S. C, which ho de stroyed, and pushed on to Fayetteville, N. C. The movement to the left was intended as a feint, but news reached Hardee (through a, New York paper), who was watching Sherman, that the L'nion sup plies were to b? drawn from Goldsboro. This did .-rv.-iy with all effect of deception. From Fayetteville Sherman reported prog rc:j; to Grant, asp iring him that hn would '00 re-idy t: aid him in the spring cam paign. Meanwhile Gen. Joseph E. Johnston had been placed in command of the Confeder ate fo ee? in t he Carolina. On the night of the ISth -f February Gen. Slosum en countered Johnston's army at IJentonviile. Sherman ordered him to fight defensively until i2 should himself enme up with rein forcements. When Sherman arrived he hesitated to bring on a general engage ment, being entirely ignorant o tho force at Johnston's disposal. Besides, be had bnt little fo id in lib wagons, and expectsd Seko'.kl 1 and Terry to join him from Wil mington. Gen. Mower broke through the Confederate line on his extreme left flank. Sherman or lred hii 1 back, but lest the enemy h-i:;:d concentrate upon him or dered a brisk skirmish fire along the line. S!'?r!!ian has acknowdedged that he made a mi-l ike in not pushing Johnston then. The next day the Confederates were gon and Sherman had missed an opportunity. Johnston had but 11,000 men, and with tho force at his command Sherman could havo destroyed him. While Sherman's march to the sea has been attended with great eclat, his march through the Carolinas has been nearly lostj sight of. Yet the distance traversed in thye latter was greater than in the former, aril required the crossing of five navigab rivers. it was car, puaMuie tor ouermaTtr, ioin Grant in Virginia, but again thJr;tnation was embarrassing. Grant njjft' cherman cow led two different armjr rox;mjty to Lee, and should Leef; Grant at Pe tersburg, join j'Aybpir , ..,.; Sher and attack man, if buccesXoL tVFn mi,,ht tIlr and ,c two might tut crush Gran , t. tk:. vca the appre- hensiou !tVolere; who had learned one ony , 'r.L. m,r;m,. never i. 2fi4 aQ enemv But ther Grant or -,.: .1 -f i .nninh to cope -vith the combined Confederate forces, for by this time the Confederacy was iu death throes. Having arrived at Goldsboro Sherman went to Fortress Monroe for an interview with Gen. Grant and Mr. Lincoln. He has given the testimony of Admiral Por ter, who was present at the meeting, to show that .Mr. Lincoln wa ready to have almost any term:-, accented from Gen. Johnston rather than have him join I.-o and render the fighting of another battle necessary. Sherman wenfc Hack to Golds boro and announced hU iinn to his gen erals, but ail was rendered unin c-'ssary by the fall cf Richmond and Petersburg. Then it was ag.iiu f ared I-e would at tempt to join JohusDon, and Grant di rected Sherman to push on, nnd, 1:t'!yi ojierat ion with himself, try, as (Jrant ex piessed it, to "finish the job." On April 12 Sherman received the news of Ley's sur render. On the morning of the 1 1th of April he received by ig of true.! a letter from (Jen. Johnston proposing to surrender. Sher man replied that he would make the terms cf Appomattox a baeis. A meeting was ar ran;-ed between the two gem-mis, and ou the 17th, as Sherman wa; about de parting to keep his engagement, he re ceived the news of the assassination of President Lincoln. Sherman met John eton, who declared he had authority over all Confederate armies, and that he would "mm in $0M SHERMAN'S ARMY ENTERING PAVANNAII. surrender them, but be t hought Sherman ought to give him some guarantee for the men and officers of their political rights. Other promineut Confederate officers were called in, and Sherman wrote terms for surrender to submit to the new president, Andrew Johnston. The papers were signed and forwarded. The taking up of civil matters in this cartel, proposing the guarantee to the "peo ple of all tho states their polii ical rights and franchises," at once insured its disap proval at Washington. Grant joined Sher man at Raleigh, by direction of tho presi dent, for the purpose of assuming com mand. New terms were drawn up between Johnston and Sherman for tho surrender of Johnston's army alone aud approved by Gen. Grant. Then came the grand review in Wash ington, the flags, the decorations, the en thusiastic multitudes, while hundreds of thousands of veterans marched through the streets past the reviewing stand. But one shadow rested upon the throng and the armies the memory of those who had fallen, and that ho whose patience, whose wisdom, whose kindly disposition had guided the nation, harmonizing the dis cordant elements, pushing always forward with sublime faith through four years of a disheartening struggle, was not permitted to review the victorious armies. Abraham Lincoln slept with those whom he had sent into battle. Gen. Sherman succeeded Grant in the command of tho armies of the United States wdieu Grant was made president. At the age of 64 he was retired, and eventu ally took up his residence in New York, and each year has added to the popular love for the old hero. The humorous feat ures of his character have lately ijecome historical. The actual ability of any eminent man cannot be weighed dispassionately in his own time. Sherman failed signally in the early part of the war, but was eminently successful in the latter part. He was al ways true to his convictions, and to the sight with which he saw the problems lie fore him. He never did much with little, but he did a great deal when amply sup plied with means. When Grant left him in command in the west he was free to prosecute any campaign iu his own way. Tnat he prosecuted the campaign he saw before him in a masterly way (except his blunder at Kenesaw), and handled his men and kept open his communications with great skill, no one can doubt, but it will remain for the dispassionute military stu dent to determine whether or not his plan was at fault. When ho started for Atlanta his whole army amounted to nearly 200,C(X) effectives. The combined Confederate forces that could have opposed any move he chose to make in t he west were not more than 50 percent, of the number of his own. His plan of following Johnston involved the stringing out of his army from Louisville to Atlanta. The situation was cumber some for Sherman and greatly to his dis advantage. The question for the military critic is, whether he could have done any better anything to break up the status of chasing one small army which had the ad vantage ;f engaging only a portion of the force opposed to it, and involving a line of supply to defend extending through a hos tile country over 300 mile? These ques tions, may at times puzzle students of military history till some new war will show the methods of 1801-'3 to be out of date. M .Q! AltTEKS OF SHERMAN AT SAVANNAH. I.trm.an will always be admired for at he effected, irrespective of the great ;:::;;sthis disposal and his manner of K-dttre. Among the Union leaders in : civil war he will doubtless always take ik f.cvoiid only to Grant. Illeotric Bitters. This remedy is becoming so well known and so popular as to need no special men tion. Ail who have used Electric Ritteis sing' the kjwuc song of praise. A punr medicine does not exi-t and it is guaranteed to do r.ii that is claimed. 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Henderson Gold Leaf (Henderson, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
March 5, 1891, edition 1
1
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