I WHlur: IT 18 NEWS.
ALL THE NIEWB
VOL 9
President Roosevelt
Delivered An Address
At Keokuk
President Was Met By
Governors of Many
States —Discussed Many
Important Issues ol The
Day — His Speech.
After Address The Presi
dent Started on South
ern Trip —Keokuk Ne
groes Presented Him
With Gold-headed Cane
Keokuk, lowa, Oct. 1. —President
Roosevelt began his river trip from
Keokuk this morning. He arrived :
lure at 9:10 and was met at the 1
depot by the governors of lowa, Flor- !
Ma. Louisiana, Minnesota, Nebraska,
lloih the Dakotas, Oregon, Wyoming,
Illinois and three companies of the
militia. (
Thu President's Speech.
Men and Women of Iowa:
1 am glad indeed to see you and to ,
speak to you in this thriving city of 1
your great and prosperous state. I
believe with all my heart in the peo- ;
pie of lowa, for I think that you are 1
good, typical Americans, and that
among you there has been developed
to a very high degree that body of (
characteristics which we like to re- (
g;u\l as distinctively American.
Problem of Recent Years.
During the last few years wo of the ;
United States have been forced to i
consider very seriously certain eco- ,
nomic problems. Wo have made a '
beginning in the attempt to deal with
the relations of the national govern
ment—that is. with the relations of
the people of the country—to the
huge and wealthy corporations, con- ,
trolled for the most part by a few ]
very rich men, which are engaged in •
interstate commerce —especially the 1
great railway corporation. (
Government and Railroads.
You know my viaws on this matter. ,
You know that I believe that the na- j
tiunal government, in the interests of ,
the people, should assume mHch the
same supervision and control over the
management of the interstate com
mon carriers that it now exercises ov
er the national banks. You know fur- I
thermore that I believe that this sup- 1
ervision and control should be exercis
ed in a spirit of rigid fairness toward (
the corporations, exacting justice from J
them on behalf of the people, but
giving them justice in return.
One of the most striking features j
of the years which saw the downfall
of the Roman republic was the fact J
that the political life of Rome became j
split between two camps, one con
taining the rich who wished to exploit
the poor, and the other the poor who ,
wished to plunder the rich. Naturally,
under such circumstances, the public
man who was for the moment suc
cessful tended to be either a violent
reactionary or a violent demagogue.
Any such condition of political life is
as hopelessly unhealthy now as it was
then.
I believe so implicitly in the future
of our people, because I believe that
the average American citizen will no
more tolerate government by a mob
than he will tolerate government by
plutocracy; that he desires to see jus
tice done to and justice exacted from
rich man and poor man alike. We are
not trying to favor any man at the
expense of his fellows.
A Fair Chance for All.
We are trying to shape things so
that a:; far as possible each man shall
have a fair chance in life? so that lie
shall have, so far as by law this can
be accomplished, the chance to show
the stuff that there is in him.
We do wish to see that the neces
sary struggle in life shall be carried
on under genuinely democratic condi
tions; that, so far as human action
can safely provide it, there shall be an
approximately fair start; that there
shall be no oppression of the weak,
and that no man snail be permitted
to acquire or to use a vast fortune by
methods or in ways that are tortuous
and dishonest.
Need Wise Laws.
Therefore, we need wise laws, and
need to have them resolutely ad
ministered.
Wo can get such laws and such ad
ministration only if the people are
alive to their interests.
Every man must have a master; if
he is not his own master, then some
body else will be. This is just as
true of public life as of private life.
If we can not master ourselves, con
trol ourselves, then sooner or later we
Khnll have to submit to outside Con
trol, for there must be control some
where.
Way to Exercise Control.
One way of exercising such control,
is through the laws of the land. Ours
is a government of liberty, but it is a
government of that orderly liberty
which comes by and through the hon
est enforcement of and obedience to
tli" law. At intervals during the last
few months the appeal has been made
to mo to enforce the law against cer
tain wrongdoers of great wealth be
cause to do so would interfere with
the business prosperity of the country.
Under the effects of that kind of fright
which when sufficiently acute we call
panic, this appeal has been made to
me oven by men who ordinarily behave
as decent citizens.
. AND PRESS
Present Financial Trouble.
One newspaper which has itself
strongly advocated this view gave
prominence to the statement of a cer
tain man of great wealth to the effect
that the so-called financial weakness
"was due entirely to tne admitted in
tention of President Roosevelt to pun
ish the large moneyed interests which
has transgressed the laws." I do not
admit that this has been the main
cause of any business troubles we have
had; but it is possible that it has been
a contributory cause. If so, friends,
as far as I am concerned it must be
accepted as a disagreeable but una
voidable feature in a course of policy
which as long as I am president will
not be changed.
of Labor."
A year or two ago certain represen
tatives of labor called upon me and in
the course of a very pleasant conver
sation told me that they regarded mo
as "the friend of labor." I answered
that I certainly was, and that I would
do everything in my power for the
laboring man except anything that was
wrong. I have tlio same answer to
make to the business man. I will do
everything I can do to help business
conditions, except anything that is
wrong. And it would be not merely
wrong but infamous to do all that can
be done to secure the punishment of
those wrongdoers whose deeds are
peculiarly reprehensible because they
are not committed under the stress of
want.
The Guilty Must Suffer.
We can not afford to substitute any
other test for that of guilt or inno
cence, of wrongdoing or welldoing, in
judging any man. If a man does well,
if he acts honestly, he has nothing to
fear from this administration. But so
far as in me lies the corrupt politician
great or small, the private citizen who
transgresses the law —be he rich or
poor—shall be brought before the im
partial pustice of a court.
The Political Corruptionist.
Perhaps I am most anxious to get at
the politician who is corrupt, because
he betrays a great trust; but assured
ly I shall not spare his brohter cor
ruptionist who shows himself a swin
dler in business life; and, according
to our power, crimes of fraud and cun
ning shall be prosecuted as relentless
ly as crimes of brutality^and^j?hysical
Citizens Must Help.
We need good laws and we need
above all things the hearty aid of
good citizens in supporting and enforc
ing the laws.
On this trip I shall speak to audi
ences in each of which there will be
many men who fought in the civil war.
You who wore the blue and your
brothers of the south who wore the
gray know that in war no general no
matter how good, no organization no
matter how perfect, can avail if the
ave -age man in the rank has not got
the fighting edge.
We need the organization; the pre
paration; we need the good general;
but we need most the fighting edge in
the individual soldier. So it is in the
private life.
Need Courage and Strength.
We live in a rough, workaday world,
and we are yet a long way from the
millennium. We can not as a nation
and we can not as individuals afford to
cultivate only the gentler, softer qual
ities.
There must be gentleness and ten
derness —the strongest men are gentle
and tender—but there must also be
courage and strength.
„ Work of Women.
You women have even higher and
more difficult duties; for I honor no
man, not even the soldier who fights
for righteousness, quite as much as I
honor the good woman who does her
full duty as wife and mother. But' if
she shirks her duty as wife and moth
er then she stands on a par with the
man who refuses to work for him
self and his family, for those depend
ent upon him, and who in time of the
! nation's need refuses to fight.
Do Something.
The man or woman who shirks his
or her duty occupies a contemptible
position. You here are the sons and
daughters of the pioneers. I preach to
you co life of ease. I preach to you
the life of effort, the life that finds its
highest satisfaction in doing well some
work that is well worth doing.
So much for what concerns every
man and every woman in this country.
Now, a word or two as to matteis
which are of peculiar interest to this
region of our country.
Need River Highways.
Since I have been president I have
traveled in every state of this union,
but my traveling has been almost en
tirely on railroads, save now and then
by wagon or on horseback. Now I
have the chance to try traveling by
river; to go down the greatest of our
rivers, the father of waters. A good
many years ago when I lived in the
northwest I traveled occasionally on
the upper Missouri and its tributaries;
but then we went in a flatboat and did
our own rowing and paddling and pol
ing. Now I am to try a steamboat. I
am a great believer in our railway sys
tem; and the fact that I am very firm
in my belief as to the necessity of the
1 Government exercising a proper super
; vision and control over the railroads
s does not in the least interfere with the
■ other fact that I greatly admire the
• large majority of the men in all posi
i tions, from the top to the bottom, wno
. build and run them. Yet, while of
: course I am anxious to see these men,
I and therefore the corporations they
» represent or serve, achieve the fullest
> measure of legitimate prospeiity, nev
ertheless as this country grows I feel
HICKORY, N. 0.. THURSDAY OCTOBE R 3, 1907.
THE HARVEST MOON !
that we can not have too many high
roads, and that in addition to the iron
highroads of our railway system we
should also utilize the great river high
ways which have been given us by na
ture. From a variety of causes these
highways have in many parts of the
country been almost abandoned. This
is not healthy. Our people, and espe
cially the representatives of our peo
ple in the national congress, should
give their most careful attention to
lliis subject. We should be prepared
to put the nation collectively back of
ihe movement to improve them for the
nation's use.
Exactly as it is for the interest of all
the country that our great harbors
should be fitted to receive in safety
tho largest vessels of the merchant |
fleets of the world, so by deepening j
and otherwise our rivers should be j
fitted to bear their part in the move
ment of our merchandise.
lowa and Agriculture.
You in lowa have many manufactur-j
ing centers, but you remain, and 11
hopti vent-will
agricultural state. I hope that thej
means of transporting your commodi-j
ties to market will be steadily improv-|
ed; but this will he of no use unless i
you keep producing tho commodities, j
and in the long run this will largely j
depend upon your being ablr- to keep j
on the farm a high type of citizen-
ship.
Stay Or. the Farm
The effort must be to make farm lifej
not only remunerative but attractive,
so that the best young men and girls!
will feel inclined to stay on the farm
and not. go to the city. Nothing is
more important to this country than i
the perpetuation of our system of me- j
dium-sized farms worked by their own-1
ers We do not want to see our farm
ers sink to the condition of the peas
ants OL the old world, barely able to
live on their small holdings, nor do We
want to see their places taken by weal
th'/ men owning enormous estates
which they work purely by tenants and
hired servants.
In other words, the typical American
farmer of today gets h's remuneration
in part in the shape of an independent
home for his family, and this gives him
an advantage over an absentee land
lord. Now, from the standpoint of the
nation as a whole it is preeminently
desirable to keep as one of our chief
American types the farmer, the farm
home-maker, of the medium-sized
farm.
Educate the Farmer.
We should strive in eyery way to
aid in the education of the farmer for
the farm, and should shape our school
system with this end in view; and so
vitally important is this that, in my
opinion, tho federal government should
cooperate with the state governments
to secure tho needed change and im
provement in our schools. It is signifi
cant that both from Minnesota to
Georgia there have come proposals in
this direction in the appearance of
bills introduced into the national con
gress.
How To Do the Work.
The congressional land grant act of
1552 accomplished much in establish
ing tho agricultural colleges in the
several states, and therefore in prepar
ing to turn tho system of educational,
training for the young into channels
at once broader and more practicable —
and what I am saying about agricultu
ral training really applies to all indus
trial training.. But the colleges can
not reach the masses, and it is essen
tial that the masses should be reached.
Such agricultural high schools as those
in Minnesota and Nebraska for farm
boys and girls, such technical high
schools as are to be found, for in
stance, in both St. Louis and Wash
ington, have by their success shown
that it is entirely feasible to carry in
practical fashion the fundamentals of
industrial training into the realms of
our secondary schools. At present
there is a gap between our primary
schools in country and city and the
industrial collegiate courses, which
must be closed, and if necessary the
hation must help the state to close it.
Too often our present schools tend to
nut altogether too great a premium
upon mere literary education, and
therefore to train away from the farm
and the shoo.
Specific Training Needed.
We should reverse this process. Spe
cific training of a practical kind should
be given to the boys and girls who
when men and women arc to make up
the backbone of this nation by working
in agriculture, in the mechanical indus
tries, in arts and trades; in short, who
are to do the duty that should always
come first with all of us, the duty of
home-making and home-keeping. Too
narrow a literary education is, for most
men and women, not a real education
at all; for a real education should fit
people primarily for the industrial and
home-making employments in which
they must employ the bulk of their
activities.
Land Claims.
Now, men of lowa, I want to say
just a word on a matter that concerns
not the states of the Mississippi valley
itself, but the states west of them, the
states of the Great Plains and the
Rocky Mountains.
In those states there is need of a
modification of the land laws that have
worked so well in the well-watered
fertile regions to the eastward, such
as those in which you dwell. The one
all our land laws should al
be to favor the actual settler, the
actual home-maker, who comes to
dwell on the land and there to bring
up his children to inherit it after him.
Land For Home-makers.
The government should part with
its title to the land only to the actual
home-maker —not to the profit-maker, \
who does not care to make a home.
The laud should be sold outright only
in quantities sufficient for decent
homes —not in huge areas to be held
for speculative purposes or used
ranches, where those who do the actu
al work are merely tenants or hired
hands.
Now in many states where the rain
fall is light it is a simple absurdity to
expect any man to live, still less to
bring up a family, on one hundred and
sixty acres. Where we are able to
introduce irrigation, the homestead can
be very much less in size—can, for
instance, be forty acres; and there is
nothing that congress has done during
the past six years more important than
the enactment of the national irriga
tion law. But where irrigation is not
applicable and the land can only be
used for grazing, it may be that you
can not run more than one sttfer to
ten acres, and it Is not necessary to
be much of a mathematician in order
to see that where such is the case a
homestead of one hundred and sixty
acres will not go far toward the sup
port of a family. In consequence of
this fact, homesteaders do not take up
the lands in the tracts in question.
They are left open for anybody to
graze upon that wishes to. The result
is that the men who use them moder
ately and not with a view to exhaust
ing their resources are at the mercy
of those who care nothing for the fu
ture and simply intend to skin the
land in the present.
I desire to act as these actual
settlers wish to have me in this mat
ter. I wish to find out their needs and
desires and then to try to put them
into effect. But they must take trou
ble, must look ahead to their own ulti
mate and real good, must insist upon
being really represented by their pub
lic men, if we are to have a good re
sult. The thing I have most at heart
as regards this subject is to do what
ever will be of permanent benefit to
the small ranchmen who have to plow
and pitch hay themselves All I want
to do is to find out what will be to;
their cattle upon it. It may be that j
be the benefit of the country, as a
whole. It may be that we can secure
their interests best by permitting all!
homesteaders in the dry country to;
inclose, individually or a certain num- j
ber of them together, big tracts of j
range for summer use, the tracts being;
proportioned to the number of neigh-1
boring homesteaders who wish to run
their cattleupon it. It may be that
parts of the range will only be valua-j
ble for companies that can lease it
and put large herds on it; for the
way properly to develop a region is to
•put it to those uses to which it is
best adapted. The amount to be paid
for the leasing privilege is to me a
matter of comparative indifference.
Present System Wrong.
Tho government does net wish to
make money out of the range, but sim
ply to provide for the necessary super
vision that will prevent its being eaten
out or exhausted; that is, that will
secure it undamaged at an asset for
the next generation, for the children
of the present home-makers. Of course
we must also provide enough to pay
the proper share of the county taxes.
I am not wedded to any one plan, and
I am willing to combine seveal plans
if necessary. But the present system
is wrong, and I hope to see, in all the
states of the Great Plains and the
Rockies, the men like my correspon
dent of the Laramie County Cattle and
Horse Growers' Association, the small
ranchmen "who plow and pitch hay
themselves," seriously take up this
matter and make their representatives
in congress understand that there must
be some solution, and that this solu
tion shall be one which will secure
the greatest permanent well-being to
the actual settlers, the actual home*
makers. I promise with all the strength
I have to cooperate toward this end.
Sots Out tor the South.
Following the address which was
heard bv 20,000 persons, the presi
dent boarded the steamer Mississippi
for a trip south. He reviewed the
display of 100 pleasure lauches in the
river and departed leading a flotilla
of 20 big steamboats and launches.
The display of boats was the great
est ever seen on the upper Missis
sippi.
A special excursion train brought
in great crowds.
Just before leaving the president
was presented with a gold headed
cane by Keokuk negroes.
Boy Tries to Steal Ride
And Falls Under Train
Asheville, N. C., Oct. I.—While try
ing to steal a ride on a freight train
in the Southern Railway yards last
evening Claude Cannon, a 16-year-old
boy, fell under the train and as a
result of his injuries one of his legs
was later amputated.
Cannon, who had been working at
tho cotton mill here, decided he
would go to Knoxville,. and waiting
for an opportunity he made an effort
to board a passing freight train. His
foot slipped just as he caught a step
and he was thrown under the wheels.
His right leg was fearfully mangled
and he received other injuries. The
boy was picked up by trainmen and
hurried to a hospital, where it was
decided that an immediate amputa
tion was necessary, and his right leg
was taken off.
•When a woman is unhappily married
she would gladly recall her miss-spent
life.
1 aft Says War Between
Japan And
Be Criminal
Tokio, Oct. 1. —Secretary of War
Taft aroused the wildest enthusiasm
and loud cheers when, in the course of
his speech at a banquet given in his
honor, he declared that war between
the United States and Japan would be
"a crime against modern civilization,
and as wicked as it would be insane,"
adding that neither people desired it
and that both governments would do
their utmost to guard against such an
awful catastrophe.
Secretary Taft spoke with intense
earnestness, after careful deliberation
and preparation. The banquet was at
tended by prominent officials and many
of the leading business men of Tokio.
Viscount Shibusawa, in welcoming
Secretary Taft, paid glowing tribute to
the greatness of the nation which tho
secretary represented; the friendliness
which the United States had always
displayed for Japan, and the influence
which America exerted throughout the
world.
In replying Mr. Taft spoke with deep
feeling and positiveness. He asserted
that the talk of unfriendliness between
the United States and Japan was "due
entirely to the commercialism of news
papers in Japan."
The secretary declined to discuss the
immigration question, saying he would
not tresspass upon the field of the
i state department.
As Smith Entere
'J i. L . ■ • ' -
Assassins Set Off Bomb
—A Mysterious Plot
Progress Made
Rowland Trial
Bt other of Strange Says
Mrs. Rowland Had
Spoken to Him ot Dr.
Rowland —Gave Him
Tablets.
Raleigh, N. C., Oct. 1. —In the trial
of Dr. and Mrs. D. S. Rowland for
murder by poison of Engineer Charles
R. Strange, two witnesses, James T.
Strange, of Indiana, brother of dead
man, and his wife, testified that Engi
neer Strange was a healthy man; that
they never beard ot his having heart
disease, and that on visits to them his
wife, Lillie Strange, had given him
brown tablet that made him sick. They
detailed a conversation with Mrs. C. R.
Strange, now Mrs. Rowland, in which
she spoke of perhaps going away with
a richer man and of her meeting for
the first time Dr. Rowland in the surf
at Portsmouth upon his invitation that
he would teach her how to float.
Crowder's Mountain Mill
In Financial Straits
King's Mountain, N. C., Oct. 1. —
The stockholders of the Crowder's
Mountain Mill met in called session
yesterday evening at 1:30 o'clock. It
seems that this meeting was called to
some investigation of the -mill's
indebtedness and this was found to
be over SIOO,OOO, but the exact
amount is not yet given out.
Mr. J. S. Mauney was appointed as
receiver to take charge of the affairs
of the mill.
It is believed that the stockholders
will lose their entire stock.
Big Convention
At Richmond
Special 7 rain Brings
Prominent Churchmen
From Washington—J.
P. Morgan And Others
Attend.
Washington, D. C., Oct. I.—The
Episcopal bishops and other church
men who have been in Washington
several days attending the conven
tibn of the International Brother
hood of St. Andrew left today on a
special train for Richmond, Va., to
participate in the Triennial Conven
tion of the Episcopal Church.
The Bishop of London had an im
promptu reception at the railroad
station. He admitted for the first
time who won the tennis match at
the White House Friday between
himself and President Roosevelt.
"I suppose you will not tell who
won that tennis match?" he was ask
ed.
"Certainly I will," he answered. "I
did."
J. Pierpont Morgan, of New York,
who will take a prominent part in the
Episcopal convention, arrived at the
station ahead of time, but went im
mediately to his train.
By looking wise and keeping his
mouth shut many a man has been able
to pass through lifo as the real thing.
Continuing Mr. Taft said: "Ameri
cans will always be proud of the part
President Roosevelt was abie to play
in hastening the end of the war and
bringing about peace under circum
stances honorable both to Japan and
Russia. Japan having proved her
greatness in war has taken a stand in
the first rank of the family of nations."
"Why should the United States wish
war? It would change her in a year
or more into $ military nation. Her
great resources would be wasted in
vast equipment which would serve no
good purpose, but would tempt the
nation into war-like policies. Why
should she wish for war in which all
the evils of society flourish and all
vultures fatten. She is engaged in
establishing a government of law and
order in the Philippines, fitting those
people by general education to govern
themselves.
Keep the Philippines.
"It has been suggested that we
might relieve ourselves of this bur
den by the sale of the, Philippine Is
lands to Japan or some other country.
The suggestion is absurd."
"Little Cloud" Removed.
After the banquet everybody was
congratulating everybody else on wh.it
| was considered the complete removal
! of the "Little Cloud" which has been
liansring ovr the friendship of the Unit
ed States and Japan.
THE BE3T JOB PRINTING OP
ALL KINDS AT THIS OFFICE. !
Officer Brown, Who Had
Been Diligent in Punish
ing . Offenders of The
Law, Blown Up With
Dynamite at His Home.
Crime Similar to That
Which Resulted in Death
of (Governor Steuden
- berg — JSlo Clue Discov
ered—Only Wire Left.
Baker City, Oregon, Oct. 1. —An at
tempt was made last night to assas
sinate former sheriff, Harvey K.
Brown, at his home here, by blowing
him up with a dynamite bomb.
Mr. Brown is in a critical condi
tion.
One leg was blown off, one arm
badly mutilated and internal injuries
resulted from the concussion.
The outrage was similar in the
manner of execution to that which
resulted in the death of Governor
Steunenberg, of Idaho.
Mr. Brown was returning home and
as he opened his gate the bomb ex
ploded.
The police are unable to fathom
the cause or to obtain a clew.
The perpetrators left no trace of
their deed except the wire.
It is presumed they laid in wait
for Brown and pulled the wire as he
entered the gate.
As a sheriff, Mr. Brown was dili
gent in enforcing the law against the
saloon men and gamblers.
Forty-two Persons Killed
Or Injured In Wreck
Seoul, Korea, Oct. I.—Forty-two per
sons, including 30 Japanese soldiers,
were killed or injured by the derail
ment of a southbound train from here.
The responsibility for the wreck is
not placed.
Rate Hearing Resumed
' Raleigh, N. C., Oct. 1. —The hear
ing before Standing Master W. A.
Montgomery, in the Southern Rail
road state case was resumed this
afternoon from Washington. The
Southern was represented by General
Counsel Thom, F. H. Busbee; the
state by E. J. Justice and ex-Gov.
Aycock.
The first witness was F. W. Mc-
Narry, who testified travel had gen
erally increased since the 2% cent
rate went in effect. It was difficult to
often get seats.
W. S. Duafee testified the to same
effect, also W. M. Hunt.
C. H. Ireland, a hardware merchant
of Greensboro, told of the handicap
suffered by business interests ol'
North Carolina from high and unequal
freight rates.
Cholera Threatens Section.
St. Petersburg, Oct. 1. —The entire
section through which the Chinese
Eastern railroad runs, has been official
ly declared to be threatened with chol
era,
i
Fatal Fire
New
Lives of Hundreds of Men,
Women And Children
Endangered By Fire
Which Gutted Big Tene
ment.
New York, Oct. 1. —One woman was
seriously injured and the lives of
several hundred other persons were
endangered by the lire which gutted
three upper floors of the six-story
tenement house in East Third street
this morning.
The thirty families which were
crowded in the building were awaken
ed from their slumbers by the cries
of fire.
Terror-stricken men and women
started down the stairs from the
upper floors.
Flames in the hallway of the third
floor drove them back. They groped
their way through the halls, fighting
with each other in their anxiety to
get to the fire escapes which were
crowded with men, women and child
ren.
During the excitement Rebecca
Stein was pushed from a ladder and
fell to the pavement. She was seri
ously hurt.
When the firemen arrived they
: carried many women and children
down the ladders to safety.
It is the opinion of the firemen
that the fire was of incendiary origin.