OSCAR W. UNDERWOOD FOR PRESIDENT
MATCHLESS LEADER OF A UNITED DEMOCRACY-WORTHY OF A UNITED SUPPORT
THE PROGRESS OF
A SANE YOUNG MAN
BY SAMUEL G. BLYTHE.
(Saturday Evening Post, December 30, 1911.)
It was hot ta Washington on Wednesday, the second of August last—so hot
you could fry an egg on the pavement at Ninth and F if so be your taste ran
to fried egg d !o asphalt; and it was even hotter than on that torrid corner
in the glass-oeilinged chamber of the House of Representatives.
Only a few wilted statesmen were present at noon, and the chaplain languidly
besought that they should be purified from all guile and.let it go at that It
may have been there was a feeling that some of those statesmen—reposing coat
lesa and within the zones of influence of the electric fans in the various com
mittee rooms— Mould have their guile removed too; for no sooner had the
chaplain oncluded hw thirty seconds of prayer than the absence of a quorum
was suggested. Ilie heated statesmen came pouring in from all sorts of places,
jhoving themselves sulkily into their coats, and answered to their names as
the roll was called. Two hundred and thirty-three of them responded, each
asking his neighbor: up?
It wasn't long before they all found out. After Mr. Burke, of South Dakota,
had corrected the Record to show he voted in the negative on a certain propo
sition instead of answering "Present," Oscar W. Underwood, the Democratic
floor-leader, and by the same token the majority floor-leader, was up. Also,
Oscar W. Underwood was cool. Two hundred and thirty-two statesmen were
mofst to the point of saturation and heated to the point of liquescence; but
Underwood was cool. Not a bead of perspiration gemmed his brow; not a sag
was in his collar and his shirt-bosom preserved its pristine gloss.
Underwood Center of a Dramatic Scene.
He had a newspaper in his hand; and as he rose the gasping patriots on'
both sides took notice and shoved up their temperatures a degree or so by
clapping vigorously.
"The gentleman from Alabama is recognized," said the Speaker, leaning for
ward eagerly as if he knew what was coming.
"Mr. Speaker," began Underwood calmly, evenly, dispassionately and coolly—
which is most important—"Mr. Speaker, I rise to a question of personal privi
lege." The Democrats applauded some» more. The Republicans grinned. It
was no affair of theirs, save as a show.
He asked tnat the clerk read from the newspaper he held in his hand, and
sent a page-boy scurrying up to the desk with it. The clerk read in that sing
song manner in which all reading clerks Bead. It was a telegraphic dispatch
from Lincoln, Nebraska, and it began: "The recent activity of Representative
Underwood in defeating the attempt by Champ Clark and others to reduce the
steel and iron schedule has met with the disapproval of W. J. Bryan."
The reading clerk paused here, as if to let the enormity of this sink into the
parboiled perceptions of the perspiring patriots, and began again: 'Today
Bryan authorizes the following statement: 'The action of Chairman Under
wood in opposipg an immediate effort to reduce the iron and steel schedule
reveals the real Underwocx*""" Speaker Clark and other tariff reformers tried
to secure the passage of a resolution instructing the Ways and Means Com
mittee to take up other schedules, including the iron and steel schedule; but
Underwood and Fitzgerald,-of New York, succeeded in defeating the resolu
tion.' "
There was more of the statement, but that is enough to show its general
tenor. It charged Underwood with being tainted with protection and having
an individual interest in the iron and steel business, and was a very pointed
ard personal assault on one big Democrat by another. After the clerk had
finished reading the statement there was a moment of silence. Underwood
stood looking directly at the Speaker, who still half leaned across the big desk
up under the flag. Then Underwood began speaking slowly, dispassionately,
evenly and gravely.
Underwood's High Political Courage.
"The statements contained in that article are absolutely false 1" he said. In
stantly the entire Democratic side broke into a roar of applause.
"If the reflections that paper contains rested only on myself I should not
take the time of this House to answer them; but the statements contained in
that article are a reflection on the only body of Democracy that is in control
of this Government, and as the representative leader on the floor of this House,
of this majority, I should be untrue to my party if I did not rise here and
stamp those utterances with the brand of falsehood 1"
Underwood continued. He asserted he had asked the committee to take up
the iron and steel schedule first because he comes from an iron and steel dis
trict, and appealed to his Democratic colleagues on the committee to support
his statement, which they did. He said the committee had deemed it wiser
to take np the woolen and the cotton schedules first because the iron and steel
schedules had been cut in the Wilson, the Dingley and the Payne Bills —and
wool and cotton had not been revised for many years. Mr. Kitchin, of North
Carolina, corroborated what Underwood claimed; and Underwood further
proved his case, explaining his connection with the iron and steel business
he is a stockholder in a company that makes pig iron—and having a telegram
read from Mr. Bryan, dated April twenty-third, to Ollie James, in which Mr.
Bryan asked James to convey his congratulations to Underwood. t
"Mr. Speaker," said Underwood, "Mr. Bryan did not say I was protection
izing the Democratic party when I brought tn the free-list bill. Not until I
differed with him on the woolen schedule did he have one word of criticism so
far as my conduct was concerned. * * * I had to write a woolen schedule
that would protect the revenues of this Government, and because I did so and
did not obey the command of the gentleman from Nebraska, Mr. Bryan, he
is endeavoring to make the country believe I am not an honest Democrat in
favor of an honest revenue tariff." . ,
There was some more of the speech, but not much. It was delivered ear
tiestly, but without heat and without an attempt at oratorical nourish 1 here
was no frenzy of denial, no protesting of innocence, no beating about the bush.
A sane young man made a sane denial—and proved his case. That was all
was to it—except one thing.
Underwood a Presidential Possibility.
That one thing is this: When Underwood finished that statement and sat
down, arc id the applause of the House, the State of Alabama had a candidate
for the Democratic nomination for President. Underwood didn t know it, no
was it the fact that he had assailed Mr. Bryan that made him a candidate
Assaults on Mr. Brvan are as common as Mr. Bryan s assaults on other peop
—and about as effective. What gave the State of Alabama a presidential c -
Mate was this: Here was a man with the highest type of pohticalcourage
independence. Here was a man who did not attempt to palter with ai situat on,
and a delicate one politically, but met it calmly and P'™* l !" 5 oVSTe
Here was a man who, as floor-leader of the House majority, was endeavoring
to do what seemed best for the Democratic party and the country and
'he benefit of any individual or the theories of any individual; and the
applauded and b«gan to ask: "How about this chap Underwood? He seems
the seized upon the to laud Under
wood. and equally of course the. Bryaniacs would have oersonal
stance to laud him had he praised Bryan. That isn t the po int. q Uest j on
equation of it was negligible. The mere fact that Underwood to a quest o t
of personal privilege and denounced Bryan g_ ca j m and con _
the people; but the independence with whidi he did , majority
vincine manner in which he made his proof, the fact **. the entiresinajong
supported him-coming as it did after an arduous session of Congress ,n
this same Underwood had displayed qualities of 31 the
ship p.nd srmeness that had caused a wakening of m . . form, and
people- pushed that good opinion which had been Democratic
aaturally put Underwood in the light of being available for the uemocr
nomination for President. . „ ft,- Democratic
Hence, unless conditions change very materially befo dq{ Riding
convention is held, Alabama, first on th » , favorite and
to son!?- other State farther down the list when it is time to pi ace favonte
favored sons in nomination, will send an ° ral - or to 4 P , Oscar W.
riev ?nd present for the consideration of the de: ega */r eans Committee in
wood, of Birmingham, chairman of the Ways Means
Sixtv-second Congress and floor-leader of the Demecratic majority in
House .
Underwood's Long Legislative Experience of Great Vauie.
' srri at many men wise in public affairs k* v e held that if t hey
*na the Constitution would have builded c^ cn . -ij-jwje to the presi-
J* ;.vM in that document a ™ knph tin,, ta th.
in this country unless he has served .Taft that he was
I* - branch of the Government. It was urged for Mr. T*tt tnat new«
VI. '
■H* SECTION OF'
fhE HICKORY DEMOCRAT
HICKORY, N. C., THURSDAY, MARCH 21, 1912.
extraordinarily well qualified for the presidency because of his long experience IfS-V
in Governmental matters. 'Granting that Mr. Taft had long experience in the r "-^—£ "" r ~' " 1 ~ —..BT—
executive end of the Government, he was wofully deficient in knowledge of V\
the legislative end; and this has been apparent all through his term. So with j*"
Mr. Roosevelt. The tragedy of the death of Major McKinley will hold his 'U V^L"
name high among the names of dur Presidents; but, considering him critically, jj)l
no historian at all familiar with the facts can deny he was an expert President, (l }.|
a capable President, a President who could secure results, a President who j I, ji;
knew how to deal with the Congress which makes the lawi he must execute, lilt 1 "|f
because long
|| rs NDEsw °° D '
T I reciprocity legislation, to which the
I Bt"' tm |J -Democrats were favorable, the House
li I was Democratic mainly because of the
I JU dissatisfaction the people with the
IJf I I[' Payne-Aldrich tariff - law, the election
, that made the House Democratic being
I I Hk : 'IhHH ' I'l the first opportunity the people had to
]|| I ■11 express that dissatisfaction tangibly.
f|}« J ' The Democrats had a majority of
\ s I-■' ' I ' nearly seventy. They had not had pos
mm x ■pk ■ , session of the House for sixteen years.
. 1 >* » *-4* * *' vrc.. ■ ■ -,|l They were politically hungry and polit
il'l ' ically thirsty. They needed sustenance.
I B * % Sllx 1 v , I ' They thought they had a chance to elect
IHH %>, '* 5 PHHiI,. 'VPS I I a president in 1912 and get fuli swing
II HHS A ■ imtk « £l H 111 at a ' l the - perquisites and prerogatives
111 % " -\ 4 MHMHH r I 111 of the Government; and each man of
II "* 1 ' 1 Ok ittSl I the two hundred and twenty-eight Dem
-1! ; t£ iH I ocrats was full of schemes for making
. I ■ I >„- s iSL * m I •'( this chance a certainty. They were all
I +ss - * Wt. :; II I anxious to revise the tariff in order to
l I - |gj|. I|| keep faith with the people, but they had
111 Pk| ; ;. ■ y * I many plans for revision and many
I" >; 1R * J -shades of opinion as to how it should
' J K ** •• ""% ■ i be revised. They felt their power and
Ijfey * ■•• W HI l' l, importance. They were eager, avid, en
' Srv , Hfe. * I r thusiastic and none too prudent.
L "f Underwood and the
S I 2 SHP "* ' &«■ V M Democratic Party.
MSB " Underwood was made leader of these
~ ~ ' "' "~~ ~ — i= ~- r men " s was to them in line,
1 * 4fAf*L> witallawwfli, in/1 MftSiMtnaltt tft rvfit i
HON. O. W. UNDERWOOD.
Underwood's Varied Public Service.
Now, when you talk of a man as a receptive or an aggressive candidate for
a presidential nomination you tot up his qualifications; and, no matter whether
Underwood's name ever gets before the convention or not, no matter if it re
ceives no votes save those of Alabama, the fact is he is highly qualified so far
as the mechanics of the Government is concerned. He has served in the House
of Representatives for seventeen years. When he took his seat, in December,
1895, he was thirty-three years old. He was placed on the Committees on Public
Lands and Expenditures on Public Buildings. In the Fifty-fifth Congress he
was promoted to the important Committee on Judiciary, and in the Fifty-sixth
went to Ways and Means. He was on. Rules and the Irrigation of Arid
Lands in the Fifty-seventh Congress, on Appropriations and Irrigation of
Arid Lands in the Fifty-eighth, and in the Fifty-ninth went back to Ways
and Means, where he has since remained, arriving at the chairmanship in the
present or Sixty-second Congress, when the Democrats gained control of the
House.
In all these years he has been a quiet, systematic, steady worker—not demon
strative, not flashv, but studious and industrious; and the mere reading of the
names of the committees on which he has served will show how wide his
experience has been. He has touched all phases of the legislative side of the
Government and mastered them. So far as the mechanics of'this Government
is concerned —the knowledge of how to do the things that must be done—there
is no man in Congress who is the superior of Underwood. And. without laying
myself open to the charge of booming Underwood, the more knowledge of the
mechanics of the Government that is brought to the White House by its four
year resident the better things will be for the country at large.
Underwood's Methods Like McKinley's.
Somebody asked me once if I didn't think Underwood is a good deal like
McKinley, in many ways. Laying aside whatever criticisms there may be of
McKinley, the fact is as I have said—he was a most expert and effective
President because he knew how to do things. I think the comparison fairly apt.
McKinley was a Republican and a protectionist—and Underwood is a Demo
crat and a believer in tariff for revenue; but the two men had many traits in
common. McKinley was, and Underwood is, a student of tariff economics.
McKinley got his results by compromise, by conciliation, by smoothing ditti
culties away, by a polite consideration of the claims of others, by being willing
to eive and take, by suaveness and civility that masked a real determination—
and so does Underwood. McKinley recognized the vast complexities of the
legislative machine and knew how to harmonize difficulties that were pressing;
knew how to straighten out tangles and avoid pitfalls—and so does Underwood.
McKinley knew when to recede and when to advance, and when to stand
stock-still in a position—and so does Underwood. When McKinley talked of
the tariff, for example, he knew what he was talking about—and so does
Underwood; but McKinley was, and Underwood is, tolerant of the opinions
of others, and is ultimately concerned in getting what seems best for his party.
I make no comparison here of the men other than a comparison of their
methods. McKinley was effective—and so is Underwood. These are the
reasons why.
Underwood's Leadership Beset With Tremendous Difficulties.
Underwood's position when the Sixty-second Congress was called into special
session by President Taft last April, for the purpose of passing reciprocity
legislation, was a position of tremendous difficulties. He was made chairman
of the Ways and Means. Committee. He had been second to Champ Ckrfc_ on
the Democratic minority of the committee in the Sixty-first Congress,, in whic
the House had a Republican majority and passed the Payne-Aldrich tariff law,
and third in the Fifty-ninth Congress, when the House was also Republican
and when he was ranked on the minority side of this eemmittee by Champ
Clark and Rourke Cockran. Cockran was out of Congress when the Democrats
came into control of the House and Clark was made Speaker. Without protest,
Underwood succeeded to the chairmanship of the committee.
Underwood was in the House, though not on the Ways and Means Com
mittee when the Dingley tariff was made, and he was on the Ways and
Means Committee when the Payne-Aldrich law was constructed. Though the
Congress had been called into session for the specific purpose of passing
iiucui&ciiiy cuiu —iu get
results. He knew that the Democratic "
party, if it was to have any response
from the people in its demand for the election of a Democratic president in ,
1912, must show the people it is trustworthy and fit for confidence. He knew
of the varying opinions as to what should be done with the tariff; knew of
the enthusiasm and lack of judgment, the partisanship, and even the fanaticism
of some of his followers; knew they had been so long outside that the
attainment of the inside position might lead to excesses in legislation. He chose
his lieutenants well and went at the job. 1
His task is not yet completed. The President vetoed the tariff bills that were
formulated in the House under Underwood's direction and intrinsically his,
though changed in many particulars in the Senate and in conference. There
will be more tariff legislation in the House in this session. The President has
demanded it and the Democrats are willing to go at it again in their own
way. What Underwood must do again is to hold his party in line to meet
as complex a situation as he had to meet in the extra session that ended last
summer—and never forget for a minute that there is a presidential election
next year that undoubtedly will be largely decided upon the tariff question.
Judging the future by the past, he will do it. It is a situation charged with
dynamite. Many of his Democratic colleagues are anxious for radical action
in manv ways. The Congress will not adjourn until just before the first national
convention is held. The record of the present House will figure largely, not
onlv as to the individual fortunes of Underwood but also as to the fortunes
of whomsoever shall be nominated by the Democrats for president and that
candidate's success at the polls.
♦ ♦****
Underwood Opposes Initiative Referendum and Recall.
He is an advanced conservative in his views of other legislation. For example,
he does not favor the wide extension of the initiative, referendum and recall.
His contention is that these measures have worked out satisfactorily in local
matters where the people clearly understood the issues; but that in larger
matters of national importance the Congress is better able to protect the
interests of the people.
"The people suffer far r. ore from the failure to enforce existing
laws than they do from the lack of proper legislation," he says. "The
people should drive from the places of power and responsibility the
unfaithful servants and elect thoie who will be faithful to the trust
imposed upon them. The masses of people are far better judges of
men than they are of measures, and are far more likely to select an
honest man than aa honest measure."
Underwood's Characteristics.
Underwood was born in Kentucky in 1862, was educated at the Rugby
School in Louisville, and the University of Virginia, and was admitted
to the bar in 1884. He went at once to Birmingham, Alabama, where he has
since practiced law. He was first elected to Congress in 1894 and has been
returned regularly since. He early took a hand in politics and served on State
and district committees before he went to Washington. As I have shown,
his experience in the House has been varied and his advance has been steady.
He is not a showy man, but a studious. He is not an eloquent orator, but
a convincing speaker. His greatest speech was in opposition to the Payne-
Aldrich bill wljen that measure was reported to the House of Representatives
by the Republican Ways and Means Committee in 1909. He made several
important speeches in advocacy of his own measures during the extra session
of the House last summer, but none was so important or so exhaustive as
that speech against the Payne bill. He spoke for_ several _ hours, took the
bill section by section and analyzed it from his information and convictions.
This was one of the great speeches of a season of remarkable presentments of
tariff doctrine on both sides of the House.
Underwood does not write his speeches. He says he cannot memorize easily,
1 and never attempts to make a set speech or a speech where he follows copy
t exactly. His method is to collect all the available information bearing on his
, subject and arrange it in skeleton form. He sets it out by divisions, subdivisions
and topics. He goes over these, rearranges, classifies, divides and subdivides.
• Then he may write portions of the speech, or he may not. At any rate,
I when he comes to talk he has nothing before him but a sheet of paper with his
; topics OH it, and he talks without reference to notes or to authorities,
******
PLAIN WORDS ON 810
QUESTIONS
(Extracts from interview of 0»-
car W. Underwood, reported w 1
Staff Correspondence of the
New York World, Editorial
Section, December 3, 1911.) . [
"There has been no attempt on
the part of the manufacturers to
give labor its share of the benefits
derived from the tariff I They
have kept all the profits."
♦ ♦ ♦
"To protect profits is to protect
inefficiency and to strangulate
rather than to develop industry."
♦ ♦ ♦
"I prefer to lower the tariff wall ;
by taking bricks off the top of the
wall rather than by dynamiting [
the structure at the bottom."
»* * v
"The people have lost faith in
the Republican party because it
has not kept faith with them."
* ♦ *
"If it (the Sherman Act) is en
forced as a criminal statute it is
an efficient instrument for pre
venting and punishing monopoly
and restraint of trade.
♦ • »
HIS WIFE A REAL HELPiIEET
Mr. Underwood has been helped and
assisted by his wife. She is proud of
him and has faith in his future. She
takes the utmost interest in his work
and his ambitions. She assumes full*
control of the domestic establishment:
and leaves him free from care and con>-
cern. It is rumored that she ever*
lays out his clothes for him and ties
his cravat. She seeks to aid him in his
studies and work of research. She is
bright, well educated, vivacious and full
of life. Not beautiful, but attractive;
wholesome and companionable. No
wonder is expressed that Mr. Under
wood's forehead and face are free from
wrinkles. All the turbulence and nerve
suicide connected with handling a flst
are removed from him.— New York
World, August 6ri911.~
THE UNDERWOOD BOOft
Uncle Joe Cannon is quoted as saying
.;at "Congressman Underwood of Al*-
ima has grown more in public senti
nent recently than any other man in the
Jnited States."
Other leaders in both big parties are
;ow taking notice of this able Soutb
•rner, who distinguished himself dur
ing the extra session of Congress a*
Democratic leader in the House.
Commenting upon the Underwood
boom, the Birmingham Age-Herald says:
"The rise of Oscar Underwood is the
marvel of American politics, and we may
look for its culmination in the week of
June 25 in the good city of Baltimore."
That this distinguished Alabamian is
growing in favor in all sections of the
country is plainly evident on all side*
Watch Underwood. —Columbus, Georgia,
Ledger, reprinted in the Birmingham,
Ala., Age-Herald, January, 1912.
DUTY HIGHER
THAN AfIBITION
Underwood Not Self-Seeking
"My Friends Must Do The Work,"
says Underwood.
Congressman Oscar W.
when asked if he would be a candidate
for the Presidency, said:
"I think my friends are going to- pay
me the compliment of indorsing me ftntt
that they will present my name to the
convention. I will be very proud ta
have their indorsement. No man could
feel otherwise about it.
"But I have told them that what they
do they must do by themselves. I have
a man's work cut out for me down
yonder," waving his hand in the gen
eral direction of Washington, "and 1
am going to try my best to do it. I
am not going to neglect it to be a can
didate for the Presidency or for any
thing else.
"For what my friends do I shall be
grateful. But what is done- my friends
will have to do." — New York American,
Oct. 15, 1911.
UNDERWOOD'S
BOLD PROGRAM
Good Politics and Policy
The Underwood program contemplates
sane reductions, not revolutionary, but
framed so as to lighten the burden
of the tariff without giving too violent
a shock to important national interests.
This is a sensible program.
It is good political strategy and sound
economics. Moreover, it is practical
If such a program should be passed
and vetoed by the President, Mr. Taft
and the Republican party will have to
face an angry nation with a third be
trayal charged against them.
If Taft should approve it, his pre
vious attitude and previous vetoes will
leave all the credit for tariff reforms
to the Democratic party, and will enable
him to recover none of the advantage
he has lost.
The failure of the tariff commissio®
has deprived the President of even a
legitimate excuse for further vetoes, and
gives the Democrats ample reason for
going ahead without waiting years for
more reports of the same kind.— Ne&
Orleans Item, reprinted in the Montgom
ery (Alabama) Advertiser, Jan. 5. 1912,