The Exp'.orer and Four
Companions With Fifty
two Climb Over Ice
Mountains to the Pole.
New Range of Mountains
Located.
B¥ ROALD AMUNDSEN.
r nD vright ( 1912. by the New York Times
Company.
[All rights reserved.]
HOBART, Tasmania. March 8,
11:20 a. m.—On the 10th of
February. 1911. we commenc
ed to work our way toward
the soU th, from that day to the 11th
of April establishing three depots,
w bicli In all contained a quantity of
provisions of about 3.000 kilos. One
thousand six hundred kilos, including
1100 kilos of seal meat, were cached
SO decrees. 700 kilos in SI degrees
and SOO kilos in 82 degrees south lati
tude.
no landmarks were to bo seen,
these depots were marked witii flacs
seven kilometers on each side in the
easterly and westerly directions.
The ground and the state of the bar
rier were of the best and specially well
adarted to driving with dogs. Ou Feb.
13 we had thus traveled about a hun
dred kilometers. The weight of the
sledges was 300 kilos, and the number
of dogs was six for each sledge. The
Captain Roald Amundsen, First Man
to Reach the South Pole.
Photo by American Press Association.
Roald Amundsen, discoverer of the south pole, is a bachelor, forty
years old, and a native of Norway. His first ta6te of exploration was in
when he sailed as first officer of Garlach's Belgian south polar expe
dition. He is the first man to accomplish the long attempted feat of tak
in 9 a ship from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean byway of the Northwest
passage. This he accomplished in 1903 and 1905.
BGriac{* of the birrier was smooth and
D(1 . with no sastrugi. The crevices
*ere very local and were found dan-
Rerous in only two places. For the
rest lousr. smooth undulations.
father was excellent—calm or
8 '2ht breeze. The lowest temperature
® these depot trips was minus 45 Cel
us or
ro P.). On the 4th of March, on our
the first trip beginning on
0 1-ith of February, we found out
jot the Fram had already left us.
Uj prifle mid delight we heard that
s,lUir t captain had succeeded in
hf ! n * ' |Pr farthest south and there
tin. r-olors of his country. A
• ous moment for him and his com
*s-fhe farthest north and the far
est - soutl ~B o °d old Fram! The hlgh
south latitude attained was 78 de
6lJ,es 41 minutes.
Rfcv{ C , r .° " !e arrival of winter we had
eiia'/r l ' ° S sea ' mo:,t the depots,
Elirl' ' c,lrse ' vos mid 110 dogs,
ten'''. ( ' ,)B ' loUses » :i combination of
IN '"id snow huts were built
Winter on the Ice Barrier.
cai! " r t , d for the dogs, the turn
Us( ' o,lr soli d little hut It
Iv ti' 1 '" p I,lrel y covered with snow
to " ! "of April. First we had
nfch and air " The Lux lamp '
uud u power of 200 standard
.
"GOOD OLD FRAM!"
candles, gave us a brilliant light and
kept tbe temj erature up to 20 degrees
Celsius (OS degieea F.) throughout the
wiuter, aud our oxcel'ent ventilation
system gave us all the s-.ir we wanted.
In direct communication with the
hut and dugout on the barrier were
workshops, packing rooms, cellars tor
provisions, coal, wood and oil, a plain
b;iih, a steam bath and observatories.
Thus we had everything within doors
if the weather should be too cold and
stormy.
The snn left us on tbe'22d of April
and did not return until four months
later. The winter was snaiU to phanu.
nig our wuoie ouiot, wulcli on tne
pot trips was found to tie too ciumsy
and solid for the smooth surface of
the barrier. Besides this, as much
scjeutiiK worn us possible was done,
and some astonishing meteorological
observations were taken.
Open Water All Winter.
There was very little snow, and
there was open water close by through
out the winter. For the same reason
higher temperature hnd been expected,
but it remained very low.
In five months there were observed
temperatures between minus 50 and
00 degrees Celsius (58 and 70 degrees
below zero F.). the lowest tempera
ture. on the 13th of August, being
minus 59 degrees Celsius. It was then
calm. On Aug. 1 the temperature was
minus 58 degrees Celsius, and there
were six meters of wind. The mean
temperature for the year was minus
28 degrees Celsius (14.8 below zero F.).
I had expected hurricane after hur
ricane. but I observed only two mod
erate storms and many excellent auro
ra australis in all directions.
The sanitary conditions were of the
best all the winter, and when the sun
returned on Aug. 24 we met tue men
sound in mind and body, rendj toj set
about the task that had to be solred.
Already, the day brfo*»4
■nil
The Pole Surrounded by a
Vast Plateau Named In
King Haakon's Honcr.
Three Days Spent at
Point Farthest South.
"Devil's Dancing Room."
orougnt our sledges to the Starting
place for our march toward the south.
Only In the beginning of September
did the temperature rise to such an
extent that there was any question of
setting out
First Start For the Pole.
On Sept. 8 eight men, with seven
sledges, ninety dogs and provisions for
four months, started. The ground was
perfect. The temperature was not bnd.
The next day it appeared that we had
started too early, as the temperature of
the following days fell and was kept
steady between minus 50 and 60 Cel
sius (58 degrees and 70 degrees below
zero F.). Personally, we did not suf
fer at all from this cold. Our good furs
protected us. But with our dogs it was
a different matter. It would easily be
seen that they shrunk from day to day.
and we understood pretty soon that
they could not stand the long run to
our depot at 80 degrees south.
We agreed on returning and to wait
for the arrival of spring. The provl
sions were cached, and off we went for
the liut. With the exception of the
loss of a * few dogs and a couple of
frozen heels everything was all right
Ouiy iu the middle of October spring
came iu earnest. Seals and birds ap
pearctl. The temperature was steady
between 20 and HO Celsius (08 degrees
and 8(5 degrees F.).
The original plan that all of us should
go toward the south had been changed.
Five men had to do this work, while
the other three were to start for the
«»ast and visit King Edward VII. land.
This last mentioned trip was not in
cluded in our program, but owing to
the fact that the English had not reach
ed if ut least this summer, as was their
intention, we agreed that the best thing
to do was also to make this trip.
On Oct. 20 the southern party started
—five men. four sledges, fifty-two dogs
and provisions for four months—every
thing in excellent order.
The Journey to the Pole.
We had made up our minds to take
the first part of the trip as easily as
possible in order to give ourselves and
the dogs a rational training, and on
the 23d we made our depot in 80 de
grees south. We went right ahead.
In spite of the dense fog an error of
two to three kilometers happened once
in awhile, and we were caught by the
flag marks and found these on our way
without difficulty.
Having rested and fed the dogs on
all the seal meat they were able to eat,
we started again on the 26th, with the
temperature steadily between minus 20
and 30 Celsius (-1 degrees and 22 de
grees below zero F.).
From the start it was the intention
not to drive more than thirty kilo
meters a day, but it appeared that this
was too little for our strong, willing
animals. At 80 degrees south we began
to build snow cairns of a man's height,
in order to have marks on our return
trip. On the 31st we cached the depot
at 81 degrees and there one
■ay and fed the dogs on as much pem
mican as they wanted.
We reached the depot at 82 degrees
on the sth of November, where the dogs
for the last time got all they wanted to
eat On the Bth, southward again, with
a daily march of 50 kilometers.
In order to lighten our heavy sledges
we established depots at each degree
of south latitude.
Like a Pleasure Trip.
The trip from 82 degrees to 85 de
grees became a pleasure trip—excellent
ground, fine sledging and an even
temperature. Everything went like a
dance.
On the 9th we sighted Soutlr Vic
toria land and the continuation of the
mountain range which Sir Ernest
Shackleton mentioned In his chart as
running toward the southeast from the
Beardinore glacier, and on the same
day we reached 83 degrees and estab
lished here depot No. 4. On the 11th
we made the interesting dlscorery that
the Roes barrier terminated in a bight
toward the southeast at 86 degrees
south latitude aud 163 degrees west
; longitude, formed between the south
east mountain range running from
South Victoria land and a range on
the opposite side running In a south
westerly direction—probably a continu
ation of King Edward VII. land.
On the 13th we reached 84 degrees,
wheve we established a depot; on tbe
16th we were at 85 degrees, where also
we made a depot.
From our winter quarters, "Fram
helm," 78 degrees 38 minutes south lat
itude, we had been marching duo
south. On the 17th of November, at a">
degrees, we arrived at a place where
the land and barrier were connected
This was done without any great dif
Acuity. The barrier here rises in un
dulatlons to about 300 feet. Some few
big crevices indicated the limited
boundary.
Here we madg our head depot, tak
ing provisions for sixty days on
; sledges and leaving thirty days' pro
' visions on the spot.
A Difficult Climb.
The land under which we lay and
' which we now had to attack looked
1 quite imposing. The nearest summits
' along the barrier had a height of from
2,000 to 10.000 feet, but several others
further south were 15,000 feet or more.
The next day we began the climb.
The first part of it was an easy task
light stops and well filled mountain
sides. It did not take a long time, for
1 our willing dogs worked their way up.
Further up we met with some small
but very steep glaciers. Here we had
i to harness twenty dogs to each sledge
i and take the four sledges in two turns.
'la iome otoce» it was »o *t*np.u»t tt
mm " 1
was uiiucua euougn ro use our skis.
Some big crevices forced us from
time to time to make detours. The first
day we climbed 2,000 feet, the next
day mostly up some small glaciers,
cnmping at a height of 4,500 feet. The
third day we were obliged to go down
on a mighty glacier. "Axel Heiberg's
glacier," which divided the coast
mountains and the mountains further
south.
The next day began the longest part
of our climb. Many detours had to be
made iu order to avoid broad cracks
and open crevices. These were appar
ently mostly filled up, as the glaciers
In all probability had long ago stopped
moving, but we had to be very care
ful, never knowing for certain how
thick was the layer that covered them
Our camp that night lay in very pic
turesque surroundings at a height o.
5,000 feet. The glacier here was nar
rowed in between the two 15.000 feet
high mountains, the "Fridtjof Nansen"
and the "Don Pedro Cliristophersen."
From the bottom of the glacier rose
Mount "Ole Knglstad." a big snow
cone 13,500 feet high.
Day's Splendid Work.
The glacier was very much brokeu
in this comparatively narrow pass. The
mighty crevices seemed to stop us from
going farther, but it was not so serious
as it appeared. Our dogs, which up to
this time had covered a distance of
about 700 kilometers, the last day's
° *'''
w rS?S?f*Ss s * '""^M^nl
Photo by American Press Association.
CAPTAIN nOBr.I:T N. ROOTT, AMUNDSEN'S
BLILTLSH KIVAIi.
very hard work, ran this day thirty
five kilometers, the ascent being 5,600
feet, an almost incredible record.
It took us only four days from the
barrier to get up on the vast inland
plateau.
We campod that night at a height of
10,000 feet. Here we had to kill twen
ty-four of our brave companions and
keep eighteen, six for each of our three
sledges.
We stopped here four days on ac
count of bad weather. Tired of this,
we set out on the 28th of November.
On the 20th, in a furious blizzard and
In a dense snowdrift, absolutely noth-
MAP SHOWING AMUNDSEN'S ROUTE TO THE SOUTH POLE.
ing -was to b« seen, but we felt that,
contrary to expectations, we were go
ing fast down hill. The hypsometer
gave us that day a descent of GOO feet.
We continued our march the next
day in a gale, and a dense snowdrift
got our faces badly frozen. We could
see nothing. We reached that day 86
degrees, dead reckoning. The hyp
someter indicated a fall of 800 feet •
The next day was similar. The
weather cleared a little et dinner time
«■" t£> Ollt vifiV &
mountain range,to tue cast ana not rar
off only for a moment, nnd then It dis
appeared in the dense snowdrift.
On the 29th it calmed dowu and the
sun shone, though it was not the only
pleasant surprise he gave. In our
course stretched a big glacier running
toward the south. At its eastern end
was the mountain range going- in a
southeasterly direction. Of the west
ern part of it no view was to be had, It
being hidden in the dense fog. At the
foot of this glacier, the Devil's glacier,
a depot for six days was established, at
86.21 degrees south latitude. The nyp
someter indicated 8,000 feet above sea
level.
A Splendid Mountain View.
On Nov. 30 we began to climb the
glacier. The lower part of it was very
uiuch broken aud dangerous. More
over, the snow bridges very often burst.
From our camp that night we had a
splendid view over the mountain to
the east. There was "Helmar Han
sen's summit," the most remarkable
of them all. It was 12,000 feet high
and covered with such broken glaciers
that in all probability no foothold
was to be found. "Oscar Wisting's"
"Sverre Hassel's" and "Olav Hjan
land's" mountains also lay her*, beau
tifully illuminated in the rays of the
blight sun.
In the distance, and only alternately
to be viewed In the fog, appeared from
time to time "Mount Nielsen," with its
summits and peaks about 15,000 feet
high. We only saw the nearest sur
round! ngs.
It took us three days to surmount
the Devil's glacier, always in misty
weather. x
On the Ist of December we left this
broken glacier, with holes and crevices
without number, with its height of
9,100 feet Before us. looking in the
mist and snowdrift like a frozen sea.
appeared a light, sloping ice plateau
filled with small hummocks.
The walk orer th(s frozen sea was
not pleasant The ground under us was
quite hollow, and it sounded as though
we were walking on the bottoms of
empty barrels. As it was, a man fell
through, then a couple of dogs. We
could not use our skis on this pol
lshed ice. Sledges bad the best of it.
The place got the name the "Devil's
Dancing Room." This part of our
march was the most unpleasant. OD
Dec. 6 we got our greatest height, ac
cording to the hypsometer and ane
roid, 10,750 feet, at 87 degrees 40 min
utes south.
On Dec. 8 we came out of the bad
weather. Once again the sun smiled
down on us. Once again we could get
an observation. Dead reckoning and
observation were exactly alike—Bß de
grees 88 minutes 10.fi seconds south.
Before us lay au absolutely plain
plateau, only here and there marked
with a tiny sastrugl.
In the afternoon we passed 88 de
grees 23 minutes (Shackleton's farthest
south was 88 degrees 25 minutes). We
camped and established our last depot,
depot No. 10. From 80 degrees 25 min
utes the plateau began to slope down
very gently and smoothly toward the
other tide.
On the 9th of December we reached
88 degrees 39 minutes; on Dec. 10, 88
degrees 56 minutes; Dec. 11,89 degrees
15 minutes; Dec. 12, 89 degrees 30 min
utes; Dec. 13, 89 degrees 45 minutes.
Up to this time the observations and
dead reckoning agreed remarkably
well, and we made out that we ought
to be at the pole on Dee. 14 In the aft
ernoon.
The Pole Attained.
, That day was a beautiful one— a light
breeze from southeast, the temperature
minus 23 Celsius (9.4 degrees below
zero F.) f and the ground and sledging
were perfect. The day went along as
usual, and at 3 p. m. we made a halt
According to our reckoning, we had
reached our destination. All of u:-
gathered around the colors—a beauti
ful silk flag—all hands taking bold o:
it it.
.The vast ulatoan
is smutting got toe name or tne "King
Haakon VII. plateau." It is a vast
plain, alike in all directions. Mile aft
er mile during the night we circled
around the camp.
In the fine weather we spent the fol
lowing day taking a series of observa
tions from 6a. m. to 7 p. m. The re
sult gave us 89 degrees 55 minutes.
In order to observe the pole as close
as possible we traveled as near south
as possible the remaining nine kilome
ters.
On Dec. 16 there we camped. It' was
an excellent opportunity. There was a
brilliant suu. Four of us took obser
vations every hour of the day's twen
ty-four hours. The exact result wiil
be the matter of a professional private
report.
This much is certain—thafc we ob
served the pole as close as it Is In hu
man power to do It with the instru
ments we had. a sextant and an artifi
cial horizon.
On Dec. 17 everything was in order
on the spot We fastened to the ground
a little tent we had brought along, a
Norwegian flag and the Fram pendant
on the top of it.
The Norwegian home at the south
pole was called "Polheim."
The distance from our winter quar
ters to the pole was about 1,400 kilo
meters. The average march a day was
twenty-five kilometers.
The Return Journey.
We started on the return trip on the
17th of December. Unusually favor
able weather made our way home com
siderably easier than the journey to
the pole. We arrived at our winter
quarters, "Framlieim," on the 25th of
January, 1912, with two sledges and
eleven dogs, all well.
The daily average speed on the re
turn trip was thirty-six kilometers.
The lowest temperature was minus 31
Celsius (23.8 degrees below zero F.),
the highest minus 5 Celsius (23 degrees
above zero F.).
Among the results are the -determina
tion of the extent and character of the
Ross,barrier and the discovery of the
connection of South .Victoria land and
probably King Edward VII. land, with
their continuation in the mighty moun
tains running toward the southeast,
which were observed as far as 88 de
grees south, but which in all probabil
ity continue across the antarctic conti
nent.
The entire length of the newly dis
covered mountains is about 850 kilo
meters. They have been named "Queen
Maud's range."
The expedition to King Edward VII.
land, under the command of Lieuten
ant Prestud, has given excellent re
sults. Scott's discoveries have been
confirmed, and the survey of the Bay
of Whales and of the barrier dome by
the Prestud party are of great interest.
A good geological collection from
King Edward VII. and South Victoria
land is being brought home. ,
The Fram arrived at the Bay of
Whales on the 9th of Jaauajpy. She had
been delayed by the "Poaring Forties"
on account of the easterly winds.
On Jan. 16 the Japanese expedition
arrived at the Bay of Whales and land
ed on the barrier near tur winter quar
ters. We left the Bay of Whales on
Jan. SO. It was a long voyage, with
contrary winds. All are well.
ROALD AMUNDSEN.
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a
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Carolina & North-Western R. R.
Schedule Effective Mar. 3, 1912.
Daily
Northbound. Pass. XT Mixe *
No. 10 No- 60
Chester Lv 7 55am12 30pm
Yorkville 8 42 1 55
Gastonia 9 30 3 55
Gastonia 5 00
Lincolnton 10 26 7 00
Newton 1105 7 55
Hickory 1215 p m 840
Lenoir 130
Mortimer 2 53
Edgemont Ar. 305
Southbound. No. 9No 61
Edgemont Lv. 10 00 a m
Mortimer 10 08
Lenoir 133
Hickory 230 8 15 a m -
Newton 3 05 9 00
Lincolnton 343 11 00 •" "
Gastonia Ar. 440 12 35 p m
Gastonia Lv. 455 200
Yorkville 5 39 3 30
Chester Ar. 625 525
CONNECTIONS.
Chester.—Sou. Ry., S. A. L. andL. & C.
Yorkville.—Southern Railway.
Gastonia.—Southern Railway.
Lincolnton.—S. A L.
Newton and Hickory.—Southern R. R,
E. F. REID, G. P. Agt.,
Chester, S. C.
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