v
- I
T
J.
LEXINGTON, tf. C, THURSDAY, JULY 23, 1891.
VOL. IX.
NO. 10.
SIGNS AND SIGN EQiRDSL
HOW
80MB FAMILIAR ONES
THEIR ORIGIN. ,
HAT
Qaalat u luuffuu
In4 Ib th OMn Tlil r , Maw
' Saau lt tM Mmr B.a la OI4
!. Twm Tk.tr PMalkar1lia
' Kiplalaat T MMt a OM
' Talafa. '
Nowadays th gnat eemntsrclal com
munity pays but little attention to the
' trailing legend which, like th noble-
wan' armorial bearings, waa onoe apoat
a time a necessary part of every sture
keepert stock in trade. . Barbers and
pawnbrokers still, H is true, continue to
exhibit their well knows symbols tha
striped pole and tha threa golden balk;
and in addition to these, which still bold
tlieir own on this side of tha Atlantis, tha
curious mottoes and devices which com
monly distinguish tha public hows and
Kin palaces in England are familiar to
every visitor to that country. But these
are scattered remnants of a custom
which, not so wry long ago, waa almost
. universal In the good old days, when
few people oould read or write, and wheat
; the modem system of numbering tha
houses In the street waa aoonvenieDoa as
yet undreamed of by our Uninventivs
race, the sign board flourished fat all Ha
glory, and it will be readily understood
that in those times it had a far mora fan
portent part to play than would ever be
assigned to it in our own, . , .'" - ' -
Reference has just been made to Eng.
, liah publio house (or saloon bar) signs,
: which are interesting because they ra
te in so much of the) old world flavor.
Everyone who baa amused himself by
making even a cursory enamination of
these stranded anachronisms during a)
' stroll through some of tha old thorough.
fares of London, or has learned some,
tiling of their character in the pages of
- Dickens or Thackeray, must have bern
struck again and again by the extraordi.
nary and often entirely meaningless com,
binations of ideas which are presented by
them. As we turn back to their pro
genitor in the tradesmen's tokens of tha
. past we And the same cause for amuse
ment and surprise. What, for instance,
can be the possible significance of "The
lAinb and Anchor?" Why should a bull
be associated with a gate, in the common
sign of "The Bull and Gate!" Where is
there any oonoeivableconnectioo between
an elephant and a castle, which yet
flourish together over one of the most
: famous taverns in the English metropo
lisf between a nun and three hares?
between a goat and eompaases? What
law could have governed the introduction
of such anomalous inscriptions as "The
George and Cannon?" or "Tha Green
Man?" or "Tha Iron Devil" Thepuxslee
presented to us in these quaint and eurk
. ous com pounds struck an observant
versifier of the last century, who thus
' gives vent to his astraushmentt ..-.-. r
ru amuad at th tlcn
' As I paat urowkUMtowai
I see the odd mutore,
. A tnatrpia aad erowet
- ,-' Tha whals and the stow .
. Tha raaor and beat "
Ths lc and ssvao stars; .-'.
ThaaxaandtliskoUla; '
' Tha ton and tha raU
" Ths eagle and ehUd
The aiuml and boot,
' Truly, such "odd mixtures must at
,. first sight seem devoid of any sort of
meaning; and it is only as wa delve
v back into the past that wa become aware
that their apparent absurdity and ex
travagance may be very easily explained.
There are, indeed, several ways in
which these strange Associations have
been brought about, For example, when
a young tradesman decided to start bust.
. nest on his own account ha frequently
followed the common practice of adding
(as a kind of recommendation) his late
master's sign to that which be himself
adopted just as 'to-day It is not anusual
for Jones, opening a store, to mention
tinder his own name the fact that he
was "late with Brown ft Co." In this
: way we may account for such complex
tekenaasthe "Three Nans and a Hare,
above referred to, and others of equal
-Incongruity. -Again,
a similar result waa brought
... about when a tradesman, removing from
one place of business to another, adopted,
as he very often did, the sign of the new
establishment in addition to that which
he had chosen for his own. Thiiswa
' read that one Anthony Wilton, who bod
formerly traded under tha sign of the
"Green Cross," removed to a bouse al
ready krown by ttie motto of the "Cross
Keys," and thenceforth carried on bos
, inuss under the double sign of "The
Green Cross andCioes Key." In the
' Aitly Courant for November 17, 1718,
, there is an advertisement reading t
- "Thomas BlackaU and Francis Ives,
- mercers, are removed from th 'Seven
Stars' in Ludgato Bill, to the 'Black Iioaj
and Seven Stars,' over the way.
Thus so wild and senseless aa assocfs
Won as a lion and seven stars becomes ex
Iilicnble; and, of course, there waa no
unit to the number and oddness of the
.combinations thus produced, '
. A third and very frequent source of
such curinaiUe as a now r furred to to
to be sought in Ce n ' ' ' and corrup.
tionsof tlie I'nor&ut populace of forme
times. As tliera wore no false'. ,:m
under t'e various s'.s to s!ow v 'mt
, they 9 r''y intended, to r"-pr,
and as : ' v , as i r t vary ru.
painM, U i c ; i amattorM
too small I a n"'a tH.i!r
actual meaim , amse numerous
' omirs. Moreovt I i , i r o-neof time
the original sitrm., M e ' n was
1 OfL. n ei''re!y lost d.
prnimnciidion which th 7 1
in 1 ; j 1 from Bioi,. i I
y i,t t n i t puislitsg 0
ii i
an j
I s';-is iii I
t f-y r.foronc t- -
. i "-..aaud (
i C.tej the "Uu. t
" ! i I ''ie 'ion of
- Htw,"
' an r .-!val 'a
: r (-,!.:;,.),
." I
. I: !.
C"i .
is r
a 1 (
t!' -
with a legend of A. Rlcholaa, who, on
one occasion threw three golden pieces
into the open windew of a poor man, or
fur accounts differ favs three purses'
to three poor virgins to enable them to
marry. Thk St. Nicholas was the patron
saint of the Irenharda, who in the middle
ages were the great financiers of Europe
and were the) preomrsoa alike of the
aristocratie bankers aad of the much
abused paws brokers of modern days.
The three purses of the good Batumi
saint transformed into three golden bails
became the trading token of the Lorn
bard money changers, from whom they
were hvtlue course inherited by the
pawnbrokers of, the present time. Such
is the history ana meaning of the
familiar "three golden balls," though
they are Jocularly said to typify that it is
two to one that the article in pledge
will never be redeemed, ' - - .
As for the particolored barber's pole,
that, too, has Ha history. It date from
the days when tha barber was also a kind
of surgeon when -be would cut your
hair or draw your teeth with absolute
impartiality. - Among other operations,
be commonly performed that of phle
botomy or blood tatting, during which a
pole waa grasped tightly by the patient
that the blood anight flow mora freely.
As this pole was liable to be stained by
the blood, it waa painted red that the
discoloration might not be observable.
When not in use it waa generally sus
pended outside tha skip door, with the
white linen ' swathing bands twisted
artistically around it; and this in time
gave rise to the led and white sign which
la still so familiar to as all, though our
barbers (or hair dressers, aa many now
prefer .to be called) have long given over
the practice of surgery. s
The early fashion of exposing shop
signs was by banging them , out across
the sidewalk, and very frequently they
were large enough and heavy enough
one tradesman vying with another in
making them striking and attractive to
obstruct the tixmughfare and even to
cause serious accidents.' little by Utile
publio attentioavwas called to this publio
nuisance, and in course of time project
ing street signs either fell into disuse en
tirely or assumed the less objectionable
proportions which they preserve at tha
present day. a
atsat BMhMg twits! .
A great deal of unmitigated nonsenne
I) read and written about the American
girl and the fashionable bathing suit.
Last summer possibly a thousand bath-,
era and bathing costumes were seen along
the Jersey and Long Island beaches, anil
fat no instance baa anything been found
to Justify the cut and paragraphs with
which the Eastern woman baa been tra
duced. Sensations may be fat prepara
tion, but so far none have been devel
oped, and with tha exosption of Coney
Island there is no beach shout New York
where any display Is mad of personal
charma. Here the boiden element can
always be found, but for the one girl in a
short sleeved low cut bodice and knoo
deep skirt there are 600 women taking
their ocean dip to a big straw bat, muffled
up to the chin in blue, flannel, with a
long, full skirt and black sandal shoe
and stockings. Among the fashionables
at LonBraitch the raging beauties are
least in tha aurt. ,-.':..', --- -
They have sense enough to keep out of
ths hot sun. When they do bathe itk
In the shade of the evening or in the jsooJ
of the morning, and than lee than U
minutes is spent in the surf.- For th
most part these belles and heiresses wear
black or navy bras flannel, made high
neck, with a turned up collar that will,
reach to the can If needed, and long
sleeve with cuffs that pull down over
half the hands, in place of bathing mita.
A big harvest bat of plaited straw, with
cork soled stockings, oomplete the
aquatic outfit To b sure, there are red
tilk stockings, but one enhr sees them in
print, and. as for the decollete bodice or
blouse, it is all a myth. Then the suits
of Mack Indie silk! ' :v '
"Bakes aUvel" said tha bathing mis
tress of Long Beach, "then hat one in
the whole pavilion. Last year wa took
care of one belonging to a New York
lady, and it was the only silk suit that
came here the whole season. She didn't
seem to oar for It herself, though it had
cost ber2a,jhe said, and she took it up
to tha hotel and dried It herself after each
bath, for fear of having it stolen from
the bath house," This woman stated
further that everybody but the green
young ladle had to have a hat and
gloves to keep the sunburn oil. There Is
no denying the popularity of the divided
skirt which has been universally adopted
by all the members of the Mew York
athletic clubs. ' This garment is no tiling
more than a pair of skirts, joined a third
of the distance from th band, The full
aees oonceals the line of bifurcation ; the
only ol joct Is the ater freedom In the
use of the limbs. Vila this Is worn flan
nel tft-hhi, a sa!!or blouse, black stock
If i, and cork soke. Blue flannel is the
eon vem t'onal eolor and fabrto for sport
h jf -.-Mi, 1 t as white satin is for
the r- .U4j jo briu.4 robe. ...
Tiw a brk,
i eni-th, at kaat aa far
' The oMa t tsi o
as any one knowa.
is t.a "Boo" In the
sacred dty of Auu
waa r lunUid, t s r
I 3 a a, and ks
S C' t l'S ST--
tt Lii.torio
, .- . , ubo ' '
i.-(!W'.t'''
alx , f f i.
CiJ t ' t ,n
it Ilium
."' '" .
I 1 1 .sssr
) r
i. U-'
vtra, Burmah, It
J says, in the year
t 'ore, noHrly ,im
' ts provfifl acoord
,r i rjumes
t - . s have
S la t nony of
of t a idonti
" I ' " leclined
i i u.... i 'tll.t his
are ow d away
I t as it is too s
a I .... C' kAvte
. 1 ' U'lpy have
I .a, -
NEW POLAR EXPIDITION. I
THE DANGEROUS EFFORT TO BB
. TRIED AQAiN,
A laiwnlM Xxvlsw Wate Will TrT
et Tkr lat tin Twi Ihsale
mam Will Aim Btaka liiftw KaTsrs
Am Ovarlawd Kmt. .
The efforts to discover tha tforth Pol
will be abandoned only when this real or
Imaginary point is discovered. For WO
years brave and adventurous souls have
sacrificed comfort, health, and Blelawu
in the quest of this elusive spot, only to
be met with disaster and ntter failure..
And yet the spirit of enterprise, the
desire for exploration, are not subdued.
The determination to penetrate this un
known dace is as stubborn and persistent
as if danger and privation and death had
not attended all former attempts. Noth
ing in previous expeditions holds out any
prospect of success; the survivors of
those other journeys arc yea auvawteu
the harrowing tale of the awful desola
tion of that desert of ice and snow, but
they can not daunt the-hardy snd adven
turoue men vho still oheriah the hope of
final success. '-? .- V.
Two expedition for this purpose are
now in the midst of preparations, buoy-
ant with hope, oonndant of soooees, wu
ing to hazard all risks, - One of these
will start, from Norway In June, under
the command of Dr. Tridtjof Nansen, a
distinguished Norwegian explorer. He
is preparing for an absence of five years.
Hie shin will weigh 170 tons and will be
so constructor that when struck by great
masses of loe it will be forced out of the
water to the ton of the mas. It will
be manned by a crew of eight men and
fully equipped for the kmg journey, lit.
Nansen will sail straight through Bering
Btrait into the Arctic Ocean, and then
follow the current. Ha believes that a
current runs from the coast of Siberia
into an open polar sea. His reason for
this belief is that after the 01 fated Jean-
ttette was abandoned on the north Ber
ing coast, near the mouth of the rivet,
Lena, articles believed to belong to this
ship were picked up on the west ooast of
Greenland. Dr. Hansen's theory is that
they got into this Siberian current, were
carried toward the pole, and then down
through Baffin's Bay to the western
shores of Greenland. It will be remem
bered that, various sotentiflo societies in
Europe have disoouraged Dr. Nansen's
theories, but he will proceed with his ex
pedition, and wa shall hear of him no
snore for five years, If ever. ;
The second expedition: Is of a very
different nature. It Is under the direo,
tion of Engineer Bobsrt & Peary, of the
United States Navy, who has obtained
leave of absence for W months, com
mencing May 1. Hs will conduct his ex
pedition overland through Greenland in
a northeasterly direction, Threa or four
men will comprise tha party, and they
will travel with dogs aad sledges. Mr.
Peary ha previously explored in Green
land, and be is quite certain that these
great ice plateaus form the safest and
surest route to the North Pole. He feels
sure that he will reach the northern'
limits of the land and find a sea of solid
ice, upon which he will continue to travel.
His plan meets the approval of Engineer
Mulville and other Arotic explorers. The
cost of this expedition will be boms by
geographical and sotentiflo societies.' In
the latter case it will not bs Impossible to
follow the party up with a rescuing ex
pedition, as has been necessary fat all
previous attempts at explorations. ;
WhjUUesmthU impenetrable beyond
b for the imagination alone to depict.
It may be only an endless expanse of ice
and snow, with nothing to repay the tre
mendous exertion of finding it except tha
satisfaction of a universal curiosity. But
there ha. always existed a vision of an
open sea, an equable climate, vegetation,
aad it has even been dreamed that a race
of people might live ta this wonderland.
And restless, daring, inquiring humanity
will continue its research to the end of
time, or until all the mystery is solved.
. ; ViMklsfTsarDsfli .
The easiost crick to teach a dog b
Jumping. First put tha learner into a
corner, and make a bar of a stick a cane
will answer the purpose so that he can
not get out of the corner except by jump
ing over it Do this until he jump over
the (tick without hesitation, when you
may gradually raise the height of the bar
any required distance from ths floor.
A fter the trick has been learned In tha
corner, it may be tried fat the center of
the room. Later an yon may make a
hoop of your arms and teach your pupil
to jump through it and after awhil a
real hoop. " possibly one that is eovered
with tissue paper may bt substituted
With good results. - " v,;.
Another easy trick b sitting op. "- As In
the first trick, begin fat a corner. Place
tha pupil in a sitting pose, so that his
back finds support against the wall, and
by tapping him lightly under the chin
force him to sit up. After some practice
he can do this without much effort
Now accustom him to sit up without any
back support It is harder to make a
dog stand erect than to do either of the
two tricks just described. ' A before, it
should be begun tat the corner. If the
learner tries tooome down upon all fours
before hi lesson la over tap his chin and
the bottom of his forepawswith ths
whip. .
When he can stand erect ha should be
taught to walk. Thi Is done by holding
out a pieoe of meat or some duiuty mor
sol on a kwol with his mouth, and then
slowly backing away from him so as to
induce bim to follow, Aftar he has
walked a fow stps tell him to stand on
Lis four foet and giva 1 ' n the bait that
yoa have enormia 4 I '. a v. i h.
. Let me s-y here t.t yon .;. "J never
Ityourd rowtot'f lot any trick
v.';.'-.o!t WMn.;'. - 1 atodoso, It
s!.ih,' 1 nv.--.f 11 1 1 a .' own pug
r"''t to t ' Tar- to a nil
Ins' lin m i- ! t ! a
i I S v f t ' . e.-.l as , 1
1 ! 'V, 1'
? V 1 ft
t l 0 i
BITS OP tSFOBJUTHW.
Tsxashas JSB ooauties,
Japan has 11 ,000 ekctric Bghto. ;
Ships were first copper bottomed fat
Newspaper use 900,000,000 pound of
paper a year.
Three hundred and ninety-eight mil-
lions speak English,
There are 1,000 different religions on
the earth, and Suou K0 fat America
alone, - "- : :-.v ' :'V '; -l :
To make one pound of honey the bees
must vfeit from 90,000 to 800,000 flowers.
f In the fiscal year 1890, 53,008 Italians
came to the United States for settlement.
The first church and the first saloon
started in. 8t Louis about the same time
in 1770. . ,.. , '
The larra public park in the world is
the Yellowstone. It is ale one of the
most interesting, " , ,
The' Congo River Ja IS atOe wide in
some places. Steamed Often fas each.
other, but out of sigh, ?.. '
The greatest ocean depth ever found.
by measurement was in- flee Atlantio
near Puerto Bioo, 4,081 fathoms. ,
It takes about three second tor a mes
sage to go from one end of ths Atlantio
ohintotheoaur.t Tbl I about 700 mile
a second. -
In America that family which la be
coming mo e and more widely known Is
called bacilli in Paris, farisitesj in
Germany germs, aid in elaiul, mic
robes. - -V- VjKi. V J,:';, ..,Y:!''.--;v
The custom of keeping' Wrthdays is
many years old. It is recorded in Gene
sis xi, 80; and ttoame to leas the third
day, which was Pharaoh' birthday, that
be made a feast unto all hk servants. ...
Both England and Italy lave cannons
of 17 inches caliber, which thrOwjtro
jectiles weighing 8,000 pounds, . These
are the largest guns in the world. Their
range is understood to be between 10 ana
13 milea. . ,'; -r.v - J M
. The Washington Monument in Wash
ington, D. a, heads the list of objects of
this sort. It to 655 feet high. The
Victoria Tower in London, 840 feet,
comes next, and the' Bartholdi Statue of
Liberty ranks third at 806 feet
The first sale of land of record was the
transaction between Abraham ' and
Ephron. : The patriarch desired a place
of burial for bis family, and bought a
field of Ephron for 00 shekels. The de
tails of the transfer are in Ueneals. '
There are spider in Ceylon that spin
webs so strong aa to provs a check to any
one moving quickly eotintt them. Hat
have been knocked off the heads of
persons by a single thread. Some of the
spiders are eight inches across. . :
I The' first water mflTever built wrs
erected on the river Tiber, at Rome, A-
D, 60. Windmills were fat original use
In the twelfth century. TMeeWlla were
operated, in Tenia ubout 1708. Saw
mills are said to have been In use at
Augsberg, Germany, about 1833. : s
The longest canal fat the world Is the
Imperial Canal of China, which starts
from Peking,' connect the Hoang-ho,
Yang-tse-Kiang, and a number of other
river, passes by the gates of 41 cities,
and, with its branches, afford nearly
8,000 mile of water communication fa
the heart or the eniftta,
A bill to establish a railroad commis
sion was defeated la th Arkansas houseti
Governor Mark ham, of California,'
signed the bill making train wrecking
rjuni&hable by death.
The earnings of the Canadian Pacific
Railway for the weak ending March 81
were 8341,000, against 829,000 for the
corresponding period last year. ;. (
' It Is stated tha the Eastern railroad
have arranged to boycott any Western
line that may hereafter be detected pay
ing commissions to their agents on tha
sale of tickets. . , -
Secretary Noble has rendered a de
cision in the case of ths Gulf and Ship
Island Railroad Company, in which he
orders the withdrawal from settlement
and entry of all linds within tha indem
nity limits of the road couth of Hattlea-
burg.Miss. V. ;";
' A charter ha been granted at the state
department in Harrisburg to the Mount
Carmel and Natalie Railroad Company
with a capital of 1173,000. The line will
be six miles long, frem the Philadelphia
and Reading K&ilroed at Mount Carmel
to tne village or aaauie,
Directors of the New York, New Haven,
and Hartford Railroad were indicted at
New York recently for misdemeanor in
connection with the collision In ' ths
Fourth avenue tunnel, ,. Chauncy M.
Depew furnished bonds in the sum of
89,000 for his appearance in th court
' The Grand Trunk Railway has applied
for the privilege on the Carleton branch
railway and a sit far a deep water ter
minus at St John, New Brunswick. It
is understood from this, that the" Grand
Trunk will make a Canadian outlet from
St John, thus dispensing with Portland,
tlaine, in th winter.
The gram reoeipte of the 83 principal
railways in the Uuiied I ingdom, for the
week ending Karen a, amounted, on
18,3441 miles, to , -3,C: and for tha
corresponding: period of 10. on 18.1401
miles, to 1,U),4U, aa Increase of BS
miles, or 0-4 per cent, and an increase of
41,013, or 8-8 per oeat 1 . '
Member of the rrn"ton family
held meeting at ICadv.-'e, Pa., las
week to arrange to britir sitit for the
recovery of land upon whl ii the Chicago,
Rock Inland and Ii "o I '.lway depot
la sittiAtod in Cliicc o, TUe hind belonged
to James Ilon-tnon, Fr., snd was soldi
by a son who t 1 Lis f r's name.
It Is rumored t Z ' Ti, Cii""riO, tliStl'
tlie New Yoi ' Ci i ' i. 40many
tntitfids to I 3 1 r . Iwrenco
t a ) tl t 1 Wellir'
I " .it It -' I 1 ' " r Vmej
' 'it' si f V I (. T
;Mar AJro woancs.
Mrs. Andrew Dekaey, of Delphi, Ind..
is the mother of three pair of twin.
They are all living.
Mr. W. K. Vanderhnt has had mads
fat London an exact counterpart of tha
royal crown of England, which she will
wear to the theater.
The Boston Pilot announces that Georee
Parson Lathrop, the author, and his
wife, who is a daughter of Nathaniel
Hawthorne, have become Catholics.
The legal adviser of the mikado of
Japan is Henry W. Dennison, who
formerly lived in New Ham rehire, but
has been resident of Japan for 83 years.
It is never too late to mend. Million
aire James Bobinson, of Phoenix, Ariz.,
has at last found time to attend night
school, so that to his other possessions lie
may add the ability to read and write.
1 The Hon. William Heywood, a lawyer
of Lancaster, N. H., recently attended
th 119th consecutive term of the Ver
mont supreme court at Guildhall, cover
ing s period of 0S4 year of practice. : ..
Broker R. B. Davidson, of Philadel
phia, is the only surviving clerk of the
old United State Bank. He la 83 year
NaT, and was employed in the bank from
1833 to 188, while NichoU Biddls was
president of it - S'--:
Senator Ignatius Donnelly, of Minne
sota, 'in a flight of eloquence the other
day Waved his hand toward the visitors'
gallery and shouted, "There are out
superiors!" ..Whereat the "superiors''
cheered so lustily that they were incon
tinently put out;-' i i C '.';. ",-;v
The "Ann Alisa" who won some, fame
and earned a little money by telling
about Brigham Young, whose 19th wife
she on oe was, is no longer one-nineteenth
of a widow. She ha married one Den
ning, a local statewaan and lawmaker of
Michigan. :' ;:. -''-' ;.':: -.f v.
"There - will 'be many more Indian
wars," said General Nelson A. Miles a
few days ago. "The same causes whjch
produced the last one will bring about
others. " General Miles prophesies with
all tne calm assurance, of an almanac
foretelling next year" weather. J
'-' Lily Langtry to coming- back to this
country.. She ha lost money heavily in
London, which must bs a novel experi
ence with ber, for sh has been in the
past wonderfully successful in real estate
and stock speculations. She to mid to
have dropped 875,000 on Cleopatra alone.
Colonel John S.Mosby, according' to
the Savannah Jyetn, is the manager of a
branch of the Louisiana Lottery, estab
lished in Mexico, which to literally flood
ing the country with advertising matter
and circulars, which th Government is
powerless to suppress, becauss it has no
authority to interfere with the mail com
ing from a foreign country. - J
' Sir John A. Maodonald,' the Canadian
statesman, to one of th most distin
guished looking men in the Dominion.
His face I very striking, and either it or
its picture will at ones ugget strong
likeness of a different man to every
different observer. Some say bs looks
like Beeoher, : others that he . closely
resembles George Washington, others
till that his face and Benjamin Dis
raeli's -are alike' a two peas, and yet
others assert that the likeness of him in
a recent number of Harper's Weekly to
also a likeness of Edwin Booth. As a
matter of fact Sir Jchn doe resemble all
these persons,
ART AND ARTISTS. ,
New York has 10,000 artists.'
The English collection of Meissonlor's
picture now on exhibition in Loudon to
estimated to be worth 1,000 per square
inch.
' TheAcademyof th Fine Arte of Phila
delphia has appointed a committee of five
to arrange for a display of American art
at the exhibition in Berlin. ."
An exhibition of pictures at Barcelona,
Spain, which will open in May, will con
tain a retrospective view of works by
Fortuny. French aad Italian works will
be shown, but Spain la to furnish the
bulk of the pictures by living artists. '
A popular Scottish nobleman, who has
a considerable knowledge of art, made a
great " find " recently. In examining the
collection of a well known dealer hs
picked up for 40 a Dutch canvas which
has turned out to be worth about 5,000.
The monument to be erected in Ten
nessee over the remain of Davy Crockett
the famous hunter, to to be of Tennessee
granite, and something over 87 feet high.
It to to have various design representing
pioneer Ufa Colonel Crockett looks down
ever the grizxly bear he loved to hunt
For 818,000 the city of Paris ho
bought the Bourdin collection of 160
paintings, drawings, and print rclnbmf
to the hktory of the capital on the Suimw
It to placed in the -Carnavalet Museum.
Among the paintings are view of I'aria
taken in the sixteenth and seventeenth.
centuries and a picture by Boron (Iron,
"Benediction of Flags of the Imporju!
Guard at Notre Dame. . -. : ,
, At the exhibition of the Society of
Washington, D. C., Artists the prise of
150 has been awarded to Max Weyl for
bis "Salt Marshes," and the honorable
mention to Edmund 0. Mooter for
"Evening on the Seine, The prize.of
100 for the best water eolor went to
Alias B. E. Perrie for 'At tha Wharf,"
and the honorable mention to J, H.
loser for "Showery Day fat th Berk
shire Hills." - .,
John W.8taacliffe, a marine painter.
died recently at Hartford, aged 79. lie
went to Hartford just before the war and!
waa made manager of tits Western Union'
office. He look-up painting rather late
in life.' Two of hi pictures that ha v a'
certain historical value ar of Admiral
Farrairut's flu" thlp, the Hartford, and of
the steamer lotorio, la which the late.
Captain Stephen O. LauyfcX laid first
Auuntio Ctti-iS. - -
Cu!;romiahs8," Jti i r'.mt
V.a li ft and tho I t tl t'wei8,1
OBVBKAI, VAJta SOTK. V
Land that has produced a crop ha lost
a portion of its fertility. This fertility
must not only bs restored in some man
ner, but the soil should b made richer
than before. ,
No matter how weB fed the (took may
be, the greater gain I secured 'when the
food Is varied. A mess of' green food
may contain but little nutrition, but it
may promote the appetite and induce an
animal to consume more food.
It is not the largest farm that pay. A
farm of any size can bs made to pay a
profit if the management to correct'
When certain crops do not give a profit
krysome other. The demands of the
market should be oousidered as much as
possible. . .
Com is benefited by all kinds of ma
nure. The roots extend quite a distance
and feed over the whole of the surface.
It to a crop that saints in cleaning the
soil of weeds, owing to the frequent cul
tivation required, and 'it thrive best
when the young plants are given a good
tart '.- -;. ' .v. -. .- . '
While some fanner spread all their
manure on 10 acres in order to grow a
crop of corn and bestow the labor on a
huge area, other may perform their
work on a single acre of celery, cabbage,
or small fruit and realise a larger profit
than those who -cultivate ten times as
much land. ' '
All young animals should be pushed
from the start When a calf makes rapid
growth in the beginning it will require
less care and labor later on. The weak
and puny young animal always to more
expensive than theutthers. Many of -the
early drawback are due to a failure to
properly care for tha young stock the
first few week.
When a cow I tomed out on a bare
field to pick up her food she not only
travel over a great distance of ground
during the day and secures but a portion
of that which she should have, but alio
nlso drops her manure where it is wasted.
Nothing to saved by compelling the cow
to depend on herself. A saving of food
in on direction came a loss in some other
Way. . : V;
Every farmer is familiar with the use
of the plow but there are many kinds
of plow, each adapted to some farms
better than to othiM, and it ta important
to select the right wake.' There. to no
best plow for afikiads of work, as level
lands, hill lands, light and heavy soils all
require certain plows best adapted for
the work required to be done, and also
for ths crop that Is to be planted.
Do not be afraid to buy fertilizers. ' If
good results are not obtained the first
year the next orep may show the effects
of fertilisers. - An application of ground
bone sometimes give good results for 10
or 20 years .after, as bones decompose
slowly. Care must bs used in making
sstsctiomvcf JarsiUaer when immediate
effacts are desired, snd the farmer should
learn which are soluble and which are
Insoluble. ' Something also depends on
the kind of crop. v ....
Bom creameries mak no distinction
between farmer who keep good grade
cow and those who ksep scrubs. But
on price to paid for milk, without re
gard to th oil or butter fat oontained in
the milk. Such unfairness does not en
courage farmers to improve their stock,
and it also injure the business of the
creamery to a certain extent by lessen
ing the value of all the milk. Milk from
cows in some herd to worth twice as
much for producing butter as that from
ether cows.
Hew to Onw , am, faura.
Pear trees do not come into bearing
until from five to seven year old, while
peach tree begin to bear when from two
to three years old. Much of the future
usefulness of the trass depend on their
early treatment and with good manage
ment the bearing periods, maybe pro
longed to a longer tim. : It to really of
no advantage to have young tree begin
to bear too early, aor should they be al
lowed to make too much growth without
cutting back. Much depends on the
variety, and before planting an Orchard
tiis proper varieties suitable for the cli
mate and soil should be selected. u To use
a choioe variety that will not adapt itself
to ths conditions will result unsatisfac
torily. ..v.v. .-;,;, t:y
It to now the practio with some to sat
out peach trees between the pear trees, so
as to have the peaoh tree bear crops and
die before ths pear tress ar ready. This
will utilize the land to the best advan
tage, but only for a short time, a it to
doubtful if anything will, be gained in the
end. Pear tree and. peach trees do not
require the same cultivation, and no One
should put out peaoh trees unless with a
view of endeavoring to have a permanent
orchard. Soma varieties, of pears, such
as the Bartieti, are very slow m growing,
while others, lik th Keifer, are strong
and vigorous, but the fruit of the former
to much superior to' the Utter. -. Peach
trees should be well cut back to the first
two year after they are set out and may
also be well cut back the third year:
but pear tree do not require very severs
cutting. To grow them together will re
tard the progress of both, especially as
ths peach delight In a clear field and no
obstacles.
Ths blight fat pear and yellows in
peaches are the chief obstacles, not for
getting the norata, Dui science now en
able grower to oombat the blight The
so called yellows in peach tree may be
the result of th work ef lios on the
roots, and if thi proves true in many
Cases, a to believed, the lif of the poach
tree may be extended. By preventing
the borer, and the liberal use of fungi
cides and insecticides, then will bs no
necessity for trying the experiment of a
"catch crop of peach's among pars
but the peach orchard can b aasdea
ourc of prollt a.oob v
-1 wood a-'",
CHrscvi
a8. . -.
Oaew's SMtfc ef DMtnr
. I ma; U. PMte.
One of tiw most remarkable and success
ful entomological discoveries of the age
has been made by Professor F. H. Snow,
of Lawrence, Kansas. It to nothing has
than the introduction of eootagioua
diseases among chinch bugs, whereby
they perish by tbouasnda and millions.
This to the same idea advanced by
Pasteur for the extermination of rabbits
in Australia, but which has not as vet .'
proved successful. Kansas has the honor
of having found a complete remedy for
ths chinch bug pest It seems that there
are two or three diseases to which this
bug are liable. Professor Snow caught
some of theiick bus, aad with them
inoculated others. He then sent tite
diseased bugs to such farmers in Kansas
as wished for them, whose Holds of corn
and wheat were being destroyed. These -'
sick bugs-were placed in different portions
nf tha InfoutoA fl.Jla wwl m .. A a a .
the disease spread to all the bugs, and
they were found to bs dead and dying by -millions.
. The disease wa else suudbbs- '
fully Introduced by Professor 8uow into
Missouri, Nebraska, Indiana, Ohio, and -
Minnesota. In Kansas the. bugs were .
nearly exterminated. Every experiment
station and agricultural college in the
land should be able to send out diseased
chinch bugs, as Professor Snow has done
in-Kansas, so that f. rulers can procure a
supply and rid themselves of this great
pest The bugs are sent by mail in glass
bottles, with full directions for use. This
is a very remarkable advance in the
science of entomology, and reflects groat
credit upon Professor Snow. ,
FrIXER-WALKKR.
Brlr W4i Lata Wwaa, aa Haw
la Datnr Tkaa, '
Many of tlie most valuable crops to the '
farm are sometime djtroyed before the
plants are an inch high by wends, the dif- .
fiuulty being tliat the weeds can only lie
removed between the plants, in tlie rows,
by hand labor, which to too expensive.
The beet carrot and parsnip are crowded '
off some farms simply because the seeds
of weeds germinate sooner Uutn tlie seeds
of the root crops, and take possession of
tlie ground. Later on, the turnip meets
with tlie same, mufortune, and where it
oould be made an important crop the cost
of labor to too gnt owing to the rapid
growth of weeds, which Can not be pro
vented as long as H.t seeds of weeds re
main in the ground. Some weeds come
early' and some appear late, but 'at no
season of tlie year is the farmer safe. The
extra cultivation required to preveut
weeds from growing in among small and
tender plants to soinetimes an expense '
greater than the value of the crop when '
it is matured, and the only mode of less
ening this expense to to destroy the weeds
as a Buecial work of tha whole aeaaim in
order to reduce the labor next year.
" As it to not always safe to have tendet 1
plants appear before the middle of May, '
the early preparation of the soil will be
found efficacious in destroying a large
proportion of the weed. By plowing '
early, and harrowing the soil, the weeds -
will put in an appearance as soon as tlie
soil becomes warm. They can then bs
destroyed with the harrow or cultivator,
and aa fast as they appear can be kept
down until the around will ha fulrlv
cleared of them by the time the crop is
to be planted.. Though all the weeds -
may not bs destroyed ths first year by .
this method, yet tits labor of caring for .
the crop will be groatly reduced, and
fewer weeds appear next season if the .
crop to well and carefully cultivated.
An essential point is to destroy tlie weeds '
as soon as they appear. Induce the weed
seeds to sprout and then destroy them,
as tlie work can bs dsns then at the low
est cost VV ;i
An important point I to have tlie
manure well rotted, so ss to destroy any .
seeds that may bs in ths heap. Tlie
manure heap is the touros from which a -large
si tare of the weeds come, and sdme
attention should be given ths heap, with
a view of lessening the danger therefrom.
During the year all harboring places of .
weeds, such aa the fnos corners, etc.,
should be kept clean, . If these precau- ,
tiona are observed the labor of dsetroyiug .
weeds will be reduced each year.
; Ths Plaas)U as a Fet Plant.
The pineapple to perhaps one (if tha
most important of all the tropical fruits.
In the extreme southern part of Fkinda
there are immense plantations of them,
and from these the paopls in that suction
derive almost their entire income from
the crop. Great quantities are grown in
Europe under glass, and much more at
tention to paid to them thar than in tins
country. The plant to vary easy to grow,
and at th north will uoosd well in any
greenhouse, or even a sunny window.
The plants themaalve are very oma-,
mental, and to watch them coming into
bearing to a very interesting sight to meet
people ;, after th plant has attained Its
full size it begins to-turn blood red in th
center, and in a few day you can see the
young fruit which looks liks a red ro
sette, way down in the cantor ; this Is
pushed up pretty rapidly by the central
fruit stalk, and the young fruit begins to
aaaume, its shape, and Is soon one-third
grown ; at this stag It begins blooming,
and from each one of thadiamond shapnl
lobes of the fruit oomes a pretty bright
blue flower.
Brr w BlaahSarry Ca.a.
There to but one way of gnUing rid of
the borer in the bl olWry cbikh, an i
that is to cut out not o 'ft' e ' 1 wool
but also every new c"s t t i : : i.
Growers should coml - t V , '
stroying all the ifvi li , . -
moved. Two or (' a i' v , ! -
united effort, '
peats or so g'. ; i . .
as to allow t: an ,
tint i r
-.1 "" t ".-o-l.w- 1 known
f i j i? s!"H:;. i
t ta t 1 1 a
' K a b ;
t C (
f r ; r t
n. .
ete t i
' t ;
I i
: it ti
f I
' I omil'ii' ; sc '
but ri!T!r i" - 1 1 :
the t "
r'- : '
f -tini; -.i ' ". ' t alto be
' it . :
. 1 - ! !
Into
ami
L.
t"
r"rvt;J 1 1 t f -3 puk.
I iii v i i t '
t 1 !.(
'I f '-
f t
1
11