v - I T J. LEXINGTON, tf. C, THURSDAY, JULY 23, 1891. VOL. IX. NO. 10. SIGNS AND SIGN EQiRDSL HOW 80MB FAMILIAR ONES THEIR ORIGIN. , HAT Qaalat u luuffuu In4 Ib th OMn Tlil r , Maw ' Saau lt tM Mmr B.a la OI4 !. Twm Tk.tr PMalkar1lia ' Kiplalaat T MMt a OM ' Talafa. ' Nowadays th gnat eemntsrclal com munity pays but little attention to the ' trailing legend which, like th noble- wan' armorial bearings, waa onoe apoat a time a necessary part of every sture keepert stock in trade. . Barbers and pawnbrokers still, H is true, continue to exhibit their well knows symbols tha striped pole and tha threa golden balk; and in addition to these, which still bold tlieir own on this side of tha Atlantis, tha curious mottoes and devices which com monly distinguish tha public hows and Kin palaces in England are familiar to every visitor to that country. But these are scattered remnants of a custom which, not so wry long ago, waa almost . universal In the good old days, when few people oould read or write, and wheat ; the modem system of numbering tha houses In the street waa aoonvenieDoa as yet undreamed of by our Uninventivs race, the sign board flourished fat all Ha glory, and it will be readily understood that in those times it had a far mora fan portent part to play than would ever be assigned to it in our own, . , .'" - ' - Reference has just been made to Eng. , liah publio house (or saloon bar) signs, : which are interesting because they ra te in so much of the) old world flavor. Everyone who baa amused himself by making even a cursory enamination of these stranded anachronisms during a) ' stroll through some of tha old thorough. fares of London, or has learned some, tiling of their character in the pages of - Dickens or Thackeray, must have bern struck again and again by the extraordi. nary and often entirely meaningless com, binations of ideas which are presented by them. As we turn back to their pro genitor in the tradesmen's tokens of tha . past we And the same cause for amuse ment and surprise. What, for instance, can be the possible significance of "The lAinb and Anchor?" Why should a bull be associated with a gate, in the common sign of "The Bull and Gate!" Where is there any oonoeivableconnectioo between an elephant and a castle, which yet flourish together over one of the most : famous taverns in the English metropo lisf between a nun and three hares? between a goat and eompaases? What law could have governed the introduction of such anomalous inscriptions as "The George and Cannon?" or "Tha Green Man?" or "Tha Iron Devil" Thepuxslee presented to us in these quaint and eurk . ous com pounds struck an observant versifier of the last century, who thus ' gives vent to his astraushmentt ..-.-. r ru amuad at th tlcn ' As I paat urowkUMtowai I see the odd mutore, . A tnatrpia aad erowet - ,-' Tha whals and the stow . . Tha raaor and beat " Ths lc and ssvao stars; .-'. ThaaxaandtliskoUla; ' ' Tha ton and tha raU " Ths eagle and ehUd The aiuml and boot, ' Truly, such "odd mixtures must at ,. first sight seem devoid of any sort of meaning; and it is only as wa delve v back into the past that wa become aware that their apparent absurdity and ex travagance may be very easily explained. There are, indeed, several ways in which these strange Associations have been brought about, For example, when a young tradesman decided to start bust. . nest on his own account ha frequently followed the common practice of adding (as a kind of recommendation) his late master's sign to that which be himself adopted just as 'to-day It is not anusual for Jones, opening a store, to mention tinder his own name the fact that he was "late with Brown ft Co." In this : way we may account for such complex tekenaasthe "Three Nans and a Hare, above referred to, and others of equal -Incongruity. -Again, a similar result waa brought ... about when a tradesman, removing from one place of business to another, adopted, as he very often did, the sign of the new establishment in addition to that which he had chosen for his own. Thiiswa ' read that one Anthony Wilton, who bod formerly traded under tha sign of the "Green Cross," removed to a bouse al ready krown by ttie motto of the "Cross Keys," and thenceforth carried on bos , inuss under the double sign of "The Green Cross andCioes Key." In the ' Aitly Courant for November 17, 1718, , there is an advertisement reading t - "Thomas BlackaU and Francis Ives, - mercers, are removed from th 'Seven Stars' in Ludgato Bill, to the 'Black Iioaj and Seven Stars,' over the way. Thus so wild and senseless aa assocfs Won as a lion and seven stars becomes ex Iilicnble; and, of course, there waa no unit to the number and oddness of the .combinations thus produced, ' . A third and very frequent source of such curinaiUe as a now r furred to to to be sought in Ce n ' ' ' and corrup. tionsof tlie I'nor&ut populace of forme times. As tliera wore no false'. ,:m under t'e various s'.s to s!ow v 'mt , they 9 r''y intended, to r"-pr, and as : ' v , as i r t vary ru. painM, U i c ; i amattorM too small I a n"'a tH.i!r actual meaim , amse numerous ' omirs. Moreovt I i , i r o-neof time the original sitrm., M e ' n was 1 OfL. n ei''re!y lost d. prnimnciidion which th 7 1 in 1 ; j 1 from Bioi,. i I y i,t t n i t puislitsg 0 ii i an j I s';-is iii I t f-y r.foronc t- - . i "-..aaud ( i C.tej the "Uu. t " ! i I ''ie 'ion of - Htw," ' an r .-!val 'a : r (-,!.:;,.), ." I . I: !. C"i . is r a 1 ( t!' - with a legend of A. Rlcholaa, who, on one occasion threw three golden pieces into the open windew of a poor man, or fur accounts differ favs three purses' to three poor virgins to enable them to marry. Thk St. Nicholas was the patron saint of the Irenharda, who in the middle ages were the great financiers of Europe and were the) preomrsoa alike of the aristocratie bankers aad of the much abused paws brokers of modern days. The three purses of the good Batumi saint transformed into three golden bails became the trading token of the Lorn bard money changers, from whom they were hvtlue course inherited by the pawnbrokers of, the present time. Such is the history ana meaning of the familiar "three golden balls," though they are Jocularly said to typify that it is two to one that the article in pledge will never be redeemed, ' - - . As for the particolored barber's pole, that, too, has Ha history. It date from the days when tha barber was also a kind of surgeon when -be would cut your hair or draw your teeth with absolute impartiality. - Among other operations, be commonly performed that of phle botomy or blood tatting, during which a pole waa grasped tightly by the patient that the blood anight flow mora freely. As this pole was liable to be stained by the blood, it waa painted red that the discoloration might not be observable. When not in use it waa generally sus pended outside tha skip door, with the white linen ' swathing bands twisted artistically around it; and this in time gave rise to the led and white sign which la still so familiar to as all, though our barbers (or hair dressers, aa many now prefer .to be called) have long given over the practice of surgery. s The early fashion of exposing shop signs was by banging them , out across the sidewalk, and very frequently they were large enough and heavy enough one tradesman vying with another in making them striking and attractive to obstruct the tixmughfare and even to cause serious accidents.' little by Utile publio attentioavwas called to this publio nuisance, and in course of time project ing street signs either fell into disuse en tirely or assumed the less objectionable proportions which they preserve at tha present day. a atsat BMhMg twits! . A great deal of unmitigated nonsenne I) read and written about the American girl and the fashionable bathing suit. Last summer possibly a thousand bath-, era and bathing costumes were seen along the Jersey and Long Island beaches, anil fat no instance baa anything been found to Justify the cut and paragraphs with which the Eastern woman baa been tra duced. Sensations may be fat prepara tion, but so far none have been devel oped, and with tha exosption of Coney Island there is no beach shout New York where any display Is mad of personal charma. Here the boiden element can always be found, but for the one girl in a short sleeved low cut bodice and knoo deep skirt there are 600 women taking their ocean dip to a big straw bat, muffled up to the chin in blue, flannel, with a long, full skirt and black sandal shoe and stockings. Among the fashionables at LonBraitch the raging beauties are least in tha aurt. ,-.':..', --- - They have sense enough to keep out of ths hot sun. When they do bathe itk In the shade of the evening or in the jsooJ of the morning, and than lee than U minutes is spent in the surf.- For th most part these belles and heiresses wear black or navy bras flannel, made high neck, with a turned up collar that will, reach to the can If needed, and long sleeve with cuffs that pull down over half the hands, in place of bathing mita. A big harvest bat of plaited straw, with cork soled stockings, oomplete the aquatic outfit To b sure, there are red tilk stockings, but one enhr sees them in print, and. as for the decollete bodice or blouse, it is all a myth. Then the suits of Mack Indie silk! ' :v ' "Bakes aUvel" said tha bathing mis tress of Long Beach, "then hat one in the whole pavilion. Last year wa took care of one belonging to a New York lady, and it was the only silk suit that came here the whole season. She didn't seem to oar for It herself, though it had cost ber2a,jhe said, and she took it up to tha hotel and dried It herself after each bath, for fear of having it stolen from the bath house," This woman stated further that everybody but the green young ladle had to have a hat and gloves to keep the sunburn oil. There Is no denying the popularity of the divided skirt which has been universally adopted by all the members of the Mew York athletic clubs. ' This garment is no tiling more than a pair of skirts, joined a third of the distance from th band, The full aees oonceals the line of bifurcation ; the only ol joct Is the ater freedom In the use of the limbs. Vila this Is worn flan nel tft-hhi, a sa!!or blouse, black stock If i, and cork soke. Blue flannel is the eon vem t'onal eolor and fabrto for sport h jf -.-Mi, 1 t as white satin is for the r- .U4j jo briu.4 robe. ... Tiw a brk, i eni-th, at kaat aa far ' The oMa t tsi o as any one knowa. is t.a "Boo" In the sacred dty of Auu waa r lunUid, t s r I 3 a a, and ks S C' t l'S ST-- tt Lii.torio , .- . , ubo ' ' i.-(!W'.t''' alx , f f i. CiJ t ' t ,n it Ilium ."' '" . I 1 1 .sssr ) r i. U-' vtra, Burmah, It J says, in the year t 'ore, noHrly ,im ' ts provfifl acoord ,r i rjumes t - . s have S la t nony of of t a idonti " I ' " leclined i i u.... i 'tll.t his are ow d away I t as it is too s a I .... C' kAvte . 1 ' U'lpy have I .a, - NEW POLAR EXPIDITION. I THE DANGEROUS EFFORT TO BB . TRIED AQAiN, A laiwnlM Xxvlsw Wate Will TrT et Tkr lat tin Twi Ihsale mam Will Aim Btaka liiftw KaTsrs Am Ovarlawd Kmt. . The efforts to discover tha tforth Pol will be abandoned only when this real or Imaginary point is discovered. For WO years brave and adventurous souls have sacrificed comfort, health, and Blelawu in the quest of this elusive spot, only to be met with disaster and ntter failure.. And yet the spirit of enterprise, the desire for exploration, are not subdued. The determination to penetrate this un known dace is as stubborn and persistent as if danger and privation and death had not attended all former attempts. Noth ing in previous expeditions holds out any prospect of success; the survivors of those other journeys arc yea auvawteu the harrowing tale of the awful desola tion of that desert of ice and snow, but they can not daunt the-hardy snd adven turoue men vho still oheriah the hope of final success. '-? .- V. Two expedition for this purpose are now in the midst of preparations, buoy- ant with hope, oonndant of soooees, wu ing to hazard all risks, - One of these will start, from Norway In June, under the command of Dr. Tridtjof Nansen, a distinguished Norwegian explorer. He is preparing for an absence of five years. Hie shin will weigh 170 tons and will be so constructor that when struck by great masses of loe it will be forced out of the water to the ton of the mas. It will be manned by a crew of eight men and fully equipped for the kmg journey, lit. Nansen will sail straight through Bering Btrait into the Arctic Ocean, and then follow the current. Ha believes that a current runs from the coast of Siberia into an open polar sea. His reason for this belief is that after the 01 fated Jean- ttette was abandoned on the north Ber ing coast, near the mouth of the rivet, Lena, articles believed to belong to this ship were picked up on the west ooast of Greenland. Dr. Hansen's theory is that they got into this Siberian current, were carried toward the pole, and then down through Baffin's Bay to the western shores of Greenland. It will be remem bered that, various sotentiflo societies in Europe have disoouraged Dr. Nansen's theories, but he will proceed with his ex pedition, and wa shall hear of him no snore for five years, If ever. ; The second expedition: Is of a very different nature. It Is under the direo, tion of Engineer Bobsrt & Peary, of the United States Navy, who has obtained leave of absence for W months, com mencing May 1. Hs will conduct his ex pedition overland through Greenland in a northeasterly direction, Threa or four men will comprise tha party, and they will travel with dogs aad sledges. Mr. Peary ha previously explored in Green land, and be is quite certain that these great ice plateaus form the safest and surest route to the North Pole. He feels sure that he will reach the northern' limits of the land and find a sea of solid ice, upon which he will continue to travel. His plan meets the approval of Engineer Mulville and other Arotic explorers. The cost of this expedition will be boms by geographical and sotentiflo societies.' In the latter case it will not bs Impossible to follow the party up with a rescuing ex pedition, as has been necessary fat all previous attempts at explorations. ; WhjUUesmthU impenetrable beyond b for the imagination alone to depict. It may be only an endless expanse of ice and snow, with nothing to repay the tre mendous exertion of finding it except tha satisfaction of a universal curiosity. But there ha. always existed a vision of an open sea, an equable climate, vegetation, aad it has even been dreamed that a race of people might live ta this wonderland. And restless, daring, inquiring humanity will continue its research to the end of time, or until all the mystery is solved. . ; ViMklsfTsarDsfli . The easiost crick to teach a dog b Jumping. First put tha learner into a corner, and make a bar of a stick a cane will answer the purpose so that he can not get out of the corner except by jump ing over it Do this until he jump over the (tick without hesitation, when you may gradually raise the height of the bar any required distance from ths floor. A fter the trick has been learned In tha corner, it may be tried fat the center of the room. Later an yon may make a hoop of your arms and teach your pupil to jump through it and after awhil a real hoop. " possibly one that is eovered with tissue paper may bt substituted With good results. - " v,;. Another easy trick b sitting op. "- As In the first trick, begin fat a corner. Place tha pupil in a sitting pose, so that his back finds support against the wall, and by tapping him lightly under the chin force him to sit up. After some practice he can do this without much effort Now accustom him to sit up without any back support It is harder to make a dog stand erect than to do either of the two tricks just described. ' A before, it should be begun tat the corner. If the learner tries tooome down upon all fours before hi lesson la over tap his chin and the bottom of his forepawswith ths whip. . When he can stand erect ha should be taught to walk. Thi Is done by holding out a pieoe of meat or some duiuty mor sol on a kwol with his mouth, and then slowly backing away from him so as to induce bim to follow, Aftar he has walked a fow stps tell him to stand on Lis four foet and giva 1 ' n the bait that yoa have enormia 4 I '. a v. i h. . Let me s-y here t.t yon .;. "J never Ityourd rowtot'f lot any trick v.';.'-.o!t WMn.;'. - 1 atodoso, It s!.ih,' 1 nv.--.f 11 1 1 a .' own pug r"''t to t ' Tar- to a nil Ins' lin m i- ! t ! a i I S v f t ' . e.-.l as , 1 1 ! 'V, 1' ? V 1 ft t l 0 i BITS OP tSFOBJUTHW. Tsxashas JSB ooauties, Japan has 11 ,000 ekctric Bghto. ; Ships were first copper bottomed fat Newspaper use 900,000,000 pound of paper a year. Three hundred and ninety-eight mil- lions speak English, There are 1,000 different religions on the earth, and Suou K0 fat America alone, - "- : :-.v ' :'V '; -l : To make one pound of honey the bees must vfeit from 90,000 to 800,000 flowers. f In the fiscal year 1890, 53,008 Italians came to the United States for settlement. The first church and the first saloon started in. 8t Louis about the same time in 1770. . ,.. , ' The larra public park in the world is the Yellowstone. It is ale one of the most interesting, " , , The' Congo River Ja IS atOe wide in some places. Steamed Often fas each. other, but out of sigh, ?.. ' The greatest ocean depth ever found. by measurement was in- flee Atlantio near Puerto Bioo, 4,081 fathoms. , It takes about three second tor a mes sage to go from one end of ths Atlantio ohintotheoaur.t Tbl I about 700 mile a second. - In America that family which la be coming mo e and more widely known Is called bacilli in Paris, farisitesj in Germany germs, aid in elaiul, mic robes. - -V- VjKi. V J,:';, ..,Y:!''.--;v The custom of keeping' Wrthdays is many years old. It is recorded in Gene sis xi, 80; and ttoame to leas the third day, which was Pharaoh' birthday, that be made a feast unto all hk servants. ... Both England and Italy lave cannons of 17 inches caliber, which thrOwjtro jectiles weighing 8,000 pounds, . These are the largest guns in the world. Their range is understood to be between 10 ana 13 milea. . ,'; -r.v - J M . The Washington Monument in Wash ington, D. a, heads the list of objects of this sort. It to 655 feet high. The Victoria Tower in London, 840 feet, comes next, and the' Bartholdi Statue of Liberty ranks third at 806 feet The first sale of land of record was the transaction between Abraham ' and Ephron. : The patriarch desired a place of burial for bis family, and bought a field of Ephron for 00 shekels. The de tails of the transfer are in Ueneals. ' There are spider in Ceylon that spin webs so strong aa to provs a check to any one moving quickly eotintt them. Hat have been knocked off the heads of persons by a single thread. Some of the spiders are eight inches across. . : I The' first water mflTever built wrs erected on the river Tiber, at Rome, A- D, 60. Windmills were fat original use In the twelfth century. TMeeWlla were operated, in Tenia ubout 1708. Saw mills are said to have been In use at Augsberg, Germany, about 1833. : s The longest canal fat the world Is the Imperial Canal of China, which starts from Peking,' connect the Hoang-ho, Yang-tse-Kiang, and a number of other river, passes by the gates of 41 cities, and, with its branches, afford nearly 8,000 mile of water communication fa the heart or the eniftta, A bill to establish a railroad commis sion was defeated la th Arkansas houseti Governor Mark ham, of California,' signed the bill making train wrecking rjuni&hable by death. The earnings of the Canadian Pacific Railway for the weak ending March 81 were 8341,000, against 829,000 for the corresponding period last year. ;. ( ' It Is stated tha the Eastern railroad have arranged to boycott any Western line that may hereafter be detected pay ing commissions to their agents on tha sale of tickets. . , - Secretary Noble has rendered a de cision in the case of ths Gulf and Ship Island Railroad Company, in which he orders the withdrawal from settlement and entry of all linds within tha indem nity limits of the road couth of Hattlea- burg.Miss. V. ;"; ' A charter ha been granted at the state department in Harrisburg to the Mount Carmel and Natalie Railroad Company with a capital of 1173,000. The line will be six miles long, frem the Philadelphia and Reading K&ilroed at Mount Carmel to tne village or aaauie, Directors of the New York, New Haven, and Hartford Railroad were indicted at New York recently for misdemeanor in connection with the collision In ' ths Fourth avenue tunnel, ,. Chauncy M. Depew furnished bonds in the sum of 89,000 for his appearance in th court ' The Grand Trunk Railway has applied for the privilege on the Carleton branch railway and a sit far a deep water ter minus at St John, New Brunswick. It is understood from this, that the" Grand Trunk will make a Canadian outlet from St John, thus dispensing with Portland, tlaine, in th winter. The gram reoeipte of the 83 principal railways in the Uuiied I ingdom, for the week ending Karen a, amounted, on 18,3441 miles, to , -3,C: and for tha corresponding: period of 10. on 18.1401 miles, to 1,U),4U, aa Increase of BS miles, or 0-4 per cent, and an increase of 41,013, or 8-8 per oeat 1 . ' Member of the rrn"ton family held meeting at ICadv.-'e, Pa., las week to arrange to britir sitit for the recovery of land upon whl ii the Chicago, Rock Inland and Ii "o I '.lway depot la sittiAtod in Cliicc o, TUe hind belonged to James Ilon-tnon, Fr., snd was soldi by a son who t 1 Lis f r's name. It Is rumored t Z ' Ti, Cii""riO, tliStl' tlie New Yoi ' Ci i ' i. 40many tntitfids to I 3 1 r . Iwrenco t a ) tl t 1 Wellir' I " .it It -' I 1 ' " r Vmej ' 'it' si f V I (. T ;Mar AJro woancs. Mrs. Andrew Dekaey, of Delphi, Ind.. is the mother of three pair of twin. They are all living. Mr. W. K. Vanderhnt has had mads fat London an exact counterpart of tha royal crown of England, which she will wear to the theater. The Boston Pilot announces that Georee Parson Lathrop, the author, and his wife, who is a daughter of Nathaniel Hawthorne, have become Catholics. The legal adviser of the mikado of Japan is Henry W. Dennison, who formerly lived in New Ham rehire, but has been resident of Japan for 83 years. It is never too late to mend. Million aire James Bobinson, of Phoenix, Ariz., has at last found time to attend night school, so that to his other possessions lie may add the ability to read and write. 1 The Hon. William Heywood, a lawyer of Lancaster, N. H., recently attended th 119th consecutive term of the Ver mont supreme court at Guildhall, cover ing s period of 0S4 year of practice. : .. Broker R. B. Davidson, of Philadel phia, is the only surviving clerk of the old United State Bank. He la 83 year NaT, and was employed in the bank from 1833 to 188, while NichoU Biddls was president of it - S'--: Senator Ignatius Donnelly, of Minne sota, 'in a flight of eloquence the other day Waved his hand toward the visitors' gallery and shouted, "There are out superiors!" ..Whereat the "superiors'' cheered so lustily that they were incon tinently put out;-' i i C '.';. ",-;v The "Ann Alisa" who won some, fame and earned a little money by telling about Brigham Young, whose 19th wife she on oe was, is no longer one-nineteenth of a widow. She ha married one Den ning, a local statewaan and lawmaker of Michigan. :' ;:. -''-' ;.':: -.f v. "There - will 'be many more Indian wars," said General Nelson A. Miles a few days ago. "The same causes whjch produced the last one will bring about others. " General Miles prophesies with all tne calm assurance, of an almanac foretelling next year" weather. J '-' Lily Langtry to coming- back to this country.. She ha lost money heavily in London, which must bs a novel experi ence with ber, for sh has been in the past wonderfully successful in real estate and stock speculations. She to mid to have dropped 875,000 on Cleopatra alone. Colonel John S.Mosby, according' to the Savannah Jyetn, is the manager of a branch of the Louisiana Lottery, estab lished in Mexico, which to literally flood ing the country with advertising matter and circulars, which th Government is powerless to suppress, becauss it has no authority to interfere with the mail com ing from a foreign country. - J ' Sir John A. Maodonald,' the Canadian statesman, to one of th most distin guished looking men in the Dominion. His face I very striking, and either it or its picture will at ones ugget strong likeness of a different man to every different observer. Some say bs looks like Beeoher, : others that he . closely resembles George Washington, others till that his face and Benjamin Dis raeli's -are alike' a two peas, and yet others assert that the likeness of him in a recent number of Harper's Weekly to also a likeness of Edwin Booth. As a matter of fact Sir Jchn doe resemble all these persons, ART AND ARTISTS. , New York has 10,000 artists.' The English collection of Meissonlor's picture now on exhibition in Loudon to estimated to be worth 1,000 per square inch. ' TheAcademyof th Fine Arte of Phila delphia has appointed a committee of five to arrange for a display of American art at the exhibition in Berlin. ." An exhibition of pictures at Barcelona, Spain, which will open in May, will con tain a retrospective view of works by Fortuny. French aad Italian works will be shown, but Spain la to furnish the bulk of the pictures by living artists. ' A popular Scottish nobleman, who has a considerable knowledge of art, made a great " find " recently. In examining the collection of a well known dealer hs picked up for 40 a Dutch canvas which has turned out to be worth about 5,000. The monument to be erected in Ten nessee over the remain of Davy Crockett the famous hunter, to to be of Tennessee granite, and something over 87 feet high. It to to have various design representing pioneer Ufa Colonel Crockett looks down ever the grizxly bear he loved to hunt For 818,000 the city of Paris ho bought the Bourdin collection of 160 paintings, drawings, and print rclnbmf to the hktory of the capital on the Suimw It to placed in the -Carnavalet Museum. Among the paintings are view of I'aria taken in the sixteenth and seventeenth. centuries and a picture by Boron (Iron, "Benediction of Flags of the Imporju! Guard at Notre Dame. . -. : , , At the exhibition of the Society of Washington, D. C., Artists the prise of 150 has been awarded to Max Weyl for bis "Salt Marshes," and the honorable mention to Edmund 0. Mooter for "Evening on the Seine, The prize.of 100 for the best water eolor went to Alias B. E. Perrie for 'At tha Wharf," and the honorable mention to J, H. loser for "Showery Day fat th Berk shire Hills." - ., John W.8taacliffe, a marine painter. died recently at Hartford, aged 79. lie went to Hartford just before the war and! waa made manager of tits Western Union' office. He look-up painting rather late in life.' Two of hi pictures that ha v a' certain historical value ar of Admiral Farrairut's flu" thlp, the Hartford, and of the steamer lotorio, la which the late. Captain Stephen O. LauyfcX laid first Auuntio Ctti-iS. - - Cu!;romiahs8," Jti i r'.mt V.a li ft and tho I t tl t'wei8,1 OBVBKAI, VAJta SOTK. V Land that has produced a crop ha lost a portion of its fertility. This fertility must not only bs restored in some man ner, but the soil should b made richer than before. , No matter how weB fed the (took may be, the greater gain I secured 'when the food Is varied. A mess of' green food may contain but little nutrition, but it may promote the appetite and induce an animal to consume more food. It is not the largest farm that pay. A farm of any size can bs made to pay a profit if the management to correct' When certain crops do not give a profit krysome other. The demands of the market should be oousidered as much as possible. . . Com is benefited by all kinds of ma nure. The roots extend quite a distance and feed over the whole of the surface. It to a crop that saints in cleaning the soil of weeds, owing to the frequent cul tivation required, and 'it thrive best when the young plants are given a good tart '.- -;. ' .v. -. .- . ' While some fanner spread all their manure on 10 acres in order to grow a crop of corn and bestow the labor on a huge area, other may perform their work on a single acre of celery, cabbage, or small fruit and realise a larger profit than those who -cultivate ten times as much land. ' ' All young animals should be pushed from the start When a calf makes rapid growth in the beginning it will require less care and labor later on. The weak and puny young animal always to more expensive than theutthers. Many of -the early drawback are due to a failure to properly care for tha young stock the first few week. When a cow I tomed out on a bare field to pick up her food she not only travel over a great distance of ground during the day and secures but a portion of that which she should have, but alio nlso drops her manure where it is wasted. Nothing to saved by compelling the cow to depend on herself. A saving of food in on direction came a loss in some other Way. . : V; Every farmer is familiar with the use of the plow but there are many kinds of plow, each adapted to some farms better than to othiM, and it ta important to select the right wake.' There. to no best plow for afikiads of work, as level lands, hill lands, light and heavy soils all require certain plows best adapted for the work required to be done, and also for ths crop that Is to be planted. Do not be afraid to buy fertilizers. ' If good results are not obtained the first year the next orep may show the effects of fertilisers. - An application of ground bone sometimes give good results for 10 or 20 years .after, as bones decompose slowly. Care must bs used in making sstsctiomvcf JarsiUaer when immediate effacts are desired, snd the farmer should learn which are soluble and which are Insoluble. ' Something also depends on the kind of crop. v .... Bom creameries mak no distinction between farmer who keep good grade cow and those who ksep scrubs. But on price to paid for milk, without re gard to th oil or butter fat oontained in the milk. Such unfairness does not en courage farmers to improve their stock, and it also injure the business of the creamery to a certain extent by lessen ing the value of all the milk. Milk from cows in some herd to worth twice as much for producing butter as that from ether cows. Hew to Onw , am, faura. Pear trees do not come into bearing until from five to seven year old, while peach tree begin to bear when from two to three years old. Much of the future usefulness of the trass depend on their early treatment and with good manage ment the bearing periods, maybe pro longed to a longer tim. : It to really of no advantage to have young tree begin to bear too early, aor should they be al lowed to make too much growth without cutting back. Much depends on the variety, and before planting an Orchard tiis proper varieties suitable for the cli mate and soil should be selected. u To use a choioe variety that will not adapt itself to ths conditions will result unsatisfac torily. ..v.v. .-;,;, t:y It to now the practio with some to sat out peach trees between the pear trees, so as to have the peaoh tree bear crops and die before ths pear tress ar ready. This will utilize the land to the best advan tage, but only for a short time, a it to doubtful if anything will, be gained in the end. Pear tree and. peach trees do not require the same cultivation, and no One should put out peaoh trees unless with a view of endeavoring to have a permanent orchard. Soma varieties, of pears, such as the Bartieti, are very slow m growing, while others, lik th Keifer, are strong and vigorous, but the fruit of the former to much superior to' the Utter. -. Peach trees should be well cut back to the first two year after they are set out and may also be well cut back the third year: but pear tree do not require very severs cutting. To grow them together will re tard the progress of both, especially as ths peach delight In a clear field and no obstacles. Ths blight fat pear and yellows in peaches are the chief obstacles, not for getting the norata, Dui science now en able grower to oombat the blight The so called yellows in peach tree may be the result of th work ef lios on the roots, and if thi proves true in many Cases, a to believed, the lif of the poach tree may be extended. By preventing the borer, and the liberal use of fungi cides and insecticides, then will bs no necessity for trying the experiment of a "catch crop of peach's among pars but the peach orchard can b aasdea ourc of prollt a.oob v -1 wood a-'", CHrscvi a8. . -. Oaew's SMtfc ef DMtnr . I ma; U. PMte. One of tiw most remarkable and success ful entomological discoveries of the age has been made by Professor F. H. Snow, of Lawrence, Kansas. It to nothing has than the introduction of eootagioua diseases among chinch bugs, whereby they perish by tbouasnda and millions. This to the same idea advanced by Pasteur for the extermination of rabbits in Australia, but which has not as vet .' proved successful. Kansas has the honor of having found a complete remedy for ths chinch bug pest It seems that there are two or three diseases to which this bug are liable. Professor Snow caught some of theiick bus, aad with them inoculated others. He then sent tite diseased bugs to such farmers in Kansas as wished for them, whose Holds of corn and wheat were being destroyed. These -' sick bugs-were placed in different portions nf tha InfoutoA fl.Jla wwl m .. A a a . the disease spread to all the bugs, and they were found to bs dead and dying by -millions. . The disease wa else suudbbs- ' fully Introduced by Professor 8uow into Missouri, Nebraska, Indiana, Ohio, and - Minnesota. In Kansas the. bugs were . nearly exterminated. Every experiment station and agricultural college in the land should be able to send out diseased chinch bugs, as Professor Snow has done in-Kansas, so that f. rulers can procure a supply and rid themselves of this great pest The bugs are sent by mail in glass bottles, with full directions for use. This is a very remarkable advance in the science of entomology, and reflects groat credit upon Professor Snow. , FrIXER-WALKKR. Brlr W4i Lata Wwaa, aa Haw la Datnr Tkaa, ' Many of tlie most valuable crops to the ' farm are sometime djtroyed before the plants are an inch high by wends, the dif- . fiuulty being tliat the weeds can only lie removed between the plants, in tlie rows, by hand labor, which to too expensive. The beet carrot and parsnip are crowded ' off some farms simply because the seeds of weeds germinate sooner Uutn tlie seeds of the root crops, and take possession of tlie ground. Later on, the turnip meets with tlie same, mufortune, and where it oould be made an important crop the cost of labor to too gnt owing to the rapid growth of weeds, which Can not be pro vented as long as H.t seeds of weeds re main in the ground. Some weeds come early' and some appear late, but 'at no season of tlie year is the farmer safe. The extra cultivation required to preveut weeds from growing in among small and tender plants to soinetimes an expense ' greater than the value of the crop when ' it is matured, and the only mode of less ening this expense to to destroy the weeds as a Buecial work of tha whole aeaaim in order to reduce the labor next year. " As it to not always safe to have tendet 1 plants appear before the middle of May, ' the early preparation of the soil will be found efficacious in destroying a large proportion of the weed. By plowing ' early, and harrowing the soil, the weeds - will put in an appearance as soon as tlie soil becomes warm. They can then bs destroyed with the harrow or cultivator, and aa fast as they appear can be kept down until the around will ha fulrlv cleared of them by the time the crop is to be planted.. Though all the weeds - may not bs destroyed ths first year by . this method, yet tits labor of caring for . the crop will be groatly reduced, and fewer weeds appear next season if the . crop to well and carefully cultivated. An essential point is to destroy tlie weeds ' as soon as they appear. Induce the weed seeds to sprout and then destroy them, as tlie work can bs dsns then at the low est cost VV ;i An important point I to have tlie manure well rotted, so ss to destroy any . seeds that may bs in ths heap. Tlie manure heap is the touros from which a -large si tare of the weeds come, and sdme attention should be given ths heap, with a view of lessening the danger therefrom. During the year all harboring places of . weeds, such aa the fnos corners, etc., should be kept clean, . If these precau- , tiona are observed the labor of dsetroyiug . weeds will be reduced each year. ; Ths Plaas)U as a Fet Plant. The pineapple to perhaps one (if tha most important of all the tropical fruits. In the extreme southern part of Fkinda there are immense plantations of them, and from these the paopls in that suction derive almost their entire income from the crop. Great quantities are grown in Europe under glass, and much more at tention to paid to them thar than in tins country. The plant to vary easy to grow, and at th north will uoosd well in any greenhouse, or even a sunny window. The plants themaalve are very oma-, mental, and to watch them coming into bearing to a very interesting sight to meet people ;, after th plant has attained Its full size it begins to-turn blood red in th center, and in a few day you can see the young fruit which looks liks a red ro sette, way down in the cantor ; this Is pushed up pretty rapidly by the central fruit stalk, and the young fruit begins to aaaume, its shape, and Is soon one-third grown ; at this stag It begins blooming, and from each one of thadiamond shapnl lobes of the fruit oomes a pretty bright blue flower. Brr w BlaahSarry Ca.a. There to but one way of gnUing rid of the borer in the bl olWry cbikh, an i that is to cut out not o 'ft' e ' 1 wool but also every new c"s t t i : : i. Growers should coml - t V , ' stroying all the ifvi li , . - moved. Two or (' a i' v , ! - united effort, ' peats or so g'. ; i . . as to allow t: an , tint i r -.1 "" t ".-o-l.w- 1 known f i j i? s!"H:;. i t ta t 1 1 a ' K a b ; t C ( f r ; r t n. . ete t i ' t ; I i : it ti f I ' I omil'ii' ; sc ' but ri!T!r i" - 1 1 : the t " r'- : ' f -tini; -.i ' ". ' t alto be ' it . : . 1 - ! ! Into ami L. t" r"rvt;J 1 1 t f -3 puk. I iii v i i t ' t 1 !.( 'I f '- f t 1 11

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