Mm
mm mm
VOL III.
LTNCOLNTON, N. C, FRIDAY, AUG. 0, 1880.
NO. 14
II If! M
II II I E 111 111
III
KATE.
II ere's something in the name of Kate
Which man' will rondetnn;
5i.t lisVn now while i relut;
the trails of some of tlitMii.
Tl jt'i'm delilvate, a u unlet dame,
And wuithy of ) our love;
ti e's beautiful in frame,
As gentle hi a dovei
(A minimi-Kate's intelligent,
As we may well sujjiose;
iler fruitful mind h ever bent
On telling what she kaows.
Ttere's intri-Kate, she's so obscure,
'Tis hard to find her out;
Tor she is often very sure
To j ut your wits to route
Prcvari-Kttt.j a a stubborn maid,
hfc'a sure to have her way;
Tte caviling, contrary jade
Objects to all you say.
There's ulter-Kate, a perfect pest.
Much given to dispute;
Her patling tongue can never rest,
You cannot her refute.
There's IU1 isKate, in quite a fret,
ho fails to guin her point;
Ibr case is quite unfortunate,
Aad sorely out of joint.
h'qr.ivo-Khte no one will woo ;
The thing would be aburd;
J?Le is so faithless and untrue,
You cannot take her word.
There's vindi-Kate, bhe's good and true,
And strives with all her might
Htr duty faithfully to do,
And battles for the right.
Tfct'tt'a rusti-Kate a country lass,
luite fond of rurtil scene0;
She likes to ramble through the grass,
And through the evergreeus.
Of all the maiden's you can iind,
There's Lone like eduKate;
.Because she elevates the mind
And aims at something great.
A SHOUT SKETCH OF THE
EAKIjY HOIJMAIlIES OF
OUTII CAUOI.IXA, AND
AN ACCOUNT OF THE ADOP
TION OF THE FEDERAL
CONSTITFTIOX BY XHE
STATE,
J) EL I YE RED BEFORE 1 HE
TEACHERS' INSTITUTE OF
Z IN COL N CO UNTY, A T LIN
CO L N TON, ON J UL F 24, 1 889,
JiY WILLIAM A. GRAHAM,
Au'i Furnished for Publication by re
quest of the Institute..'
Ju U)(i'3, Charles the Secoud, King
of England, granted to Earl ol
ClarendeD, Duke of Albemarle,
Lord Craven, Lord John Berkley,
Lord Ashby, Sir George Carteret
Earl of Granville, Sir William Berk
ley, Sir Jobu C l'eton, who were
kuowu as Lords' proprietors, the
tract of land 'Vxleuding from the
north end of the island called Lucke
which lioth in the southern Virginia
seas', thirty sixth degree ''northern
latitude" to the south, "to St. Mat
thias River, which bordereth on the
coast of Florida'', thirty one de
grees northern latitude from the
Atlantic ocean to the South seas as
the Pacific was then called, to be
known as the Province of Carolina.
(Carolus being Latin for Charles.)
This boundary on the north runs
south of Edenton, Hillsboro,Greens'
boro, and so on west, and left out
the Alberoare settlements, which it
U supposed were intended to be
granted.
Oq the 30' h of June, 1G65, the
boundaries were extended uorth to
Carritock River or Inlet, m 36, 30
uiinu'es, north latitude, and south
to the L'Dth degree, northern lati
tude, and to include aU the territory
in these lines between the A'lantic
aud the Pacific oeeaus. A glance
at the map will show the northern
line to run north of Aifeansas, In
dan Territory, New Mexico, Ari
Z3na and to include, one fourth of
California. The southern boundary
was below Sr. Augustine Florida,
tbence through the Gulf of Mexieo,
south of Galveston and San Antonio
Texas, through Mexico at or near
Chihuahua, to the "South Seas", at
or near Cerros Island on coast of
Lower California. As his Majesty
owDed Iictln or none of the territory
west ol the Mississippi river: This
grant, in pit at least, resembled
oue which bad been offered over
eixteeu hundred years before on
"the top of an exceeding high
mouotain.'' This new territory to
the north was known as North Can
olina. The Governor was called
Governor of Albemarle, until 1089;
then Governor of North Carolina,
and the jurisdiction extended south,
Edenton being the rapitol.
About 1711) or 20 the Lords cut
of a new division of their territory
n the Houlh making the Savannah
Itiver the northern boundary. Their
opinion being that this river flowed
uore in an east and west course, as
the Roanoke does. This is now the
State of Georgia. The jurisdiction
of North Carolina had boen exten
ded until the Santee River was
"supposed'' to be its southern bonn
dary, this would have left South
Carolina confined to the limits of
f.he Savannah and Santee Rivers.
South Carolina insisted thatasthe
Savannah River had been made her
boundary that the Cape Fear, which
had before been called Charles and
afterwards Clarenden River, should
bo made the southern boundary of
North Carolina. This line would
have followed the Cape Fear to its
source and then gone due west to
'be "South Seas" and left North
Carolina in the condition of South
Carolina with no back country. The
iue of division as now understood
to be, (although it has never been
definitely sett'ed), was afterward
agreed upon.
Under the Proprietary Govern
ment the Governors were appointed
by the Lords' Proprietors, who had
veto power over acts of Council and
Assembly. In 1723 the Lords sur
rendered their rights to the Crown
which had virtually been the case
for several years ; the colonists find-
ng the expenses of keeping down
the Indians very heavy had ap
pealed to the Grown. Carteret,
Earl of Granville, was excepted in
this; he transferied jurisdiction to
the Crown but retained private
ownership of tl e soil, and his part
was surveyed off to him, the south
em line being 35 degrees, and 34
minutes, in 1744, from the Atlantic
Ocean to the Mississippi River. It
runs through the old town of Bath,
near Snow Hill, and is the southern
boundary of Chatham, Randolph,
Davidson, Rowan and Iredell coun
ties. In this county one of the large
poplars that stnu near Siduey J.
Forney's shop, about one mile from
Denver, is a "marked tree'' on this
line. It runs through the county
about, two and a half or three miles
north of Linc.dnton and is, I sup
pose, called for in some of the grants
in the county. f(er 1728 the Gov
ernors were appointed by the Crown,
the last of whom was Win. Tryon,
appointed in f65- The county of
which Lincoln aud Rutherford were
formed, in 1770, was named after
bim. The name of the Royal Gov
ernor beiug exchanged tor two Rev
olutionary heroes. j
In 3715, Bath, and each town of
sixty families,wa8 allowed a member
of the Ilouse of Commons. By spe
cial Act Brnnswick, afterwards
Smithvillj, now Southport, although
it had only twenty lamilies was
granted a member. This seems to
have continued the case until the
Convention of 1835, although 1 do
not find the names of Rath and
Brunswick alter 1776. They were
called borough members and the
following towns enjoyed the privi
lege, viz : Edenton, Wilmington,
New Berne, Halifax, Hillsborough,
Salisbury, after 1789, Fayettevilie.
In 1746, New Berne was r?'dr
the Capitol, bat the Crown "disal
lowed'' the Act, aud the Governor
was authorized to "establish the
seat of government" he, (Governor
Dobbs), chose Tower Hill, forty
miles by land and fifty miles by
water distant from New Berne,
where he individually bought four
hundred acres of land. It was never
occupied. In 17G2 the Legis'ature
reestablished New" Berne. Gov
ernor Dobbs approved ot New Berne
as a central point as preferable to
either Wilmington or Edenton, as
the attendance would be equal from
both sections, and neither able to
control legislation This continued
until 177G, when ihe Convention at
Halifax: formed the Constitution for
the Srate of North Carolina, uo
place was established as the capitol,
and each Legislature chose the
place for its successor to meet. It
met at Hillsboro, Fayettevilie, Tar
boro' New Berne, and once on "Hon-.
tern plantation ' which is now Ual
eigh, and here Ihe Convention which
rejected the Federal Constitution,
in 1788, established the Capitol of
h Slate.
I hive thus given you a hurried
glance at. our . ertily Gegrapb.
with the hope it mty interest yon
nough to cause you to examine the
s dject more thoroughly, and wiil
mow proceed to the adoption of ihe
Federal Constitution of North Car-
lina.
The first Continental Congress,
which was organized Sept. 1774,
had n' other powers than each
State del egated to its delegate in
credentials or by instruction. ' On
November 15, 1778. the articles of
coufedeialion ee adopted,
though Maryland did not come in
until 1781. It authorized Congress
'o "carry on war, make peace, bor
row money, emit bills ot credit and
to exercise powers of socereignty in
felatiou to other Dafions. To de
rermiue the amount of money and
number of men each State should
furnish as its just proportion ', Con
gress had a right to make requisi
tions on the States but no power to
compel obedience. At the close of
the Revolutionary war Jhe imprac
ticability of the confederation was
soon manifest. It could make debts,
borrow money, etc., but could not
levy taxes to pay. Each State was
assessed according to the value of
its real estate. The State paid the
requisitions or not as they pleased,
uearly all of them frequently were
delinquent, and North Carolina, I
am sorry to say, was prominent in
this respect. Jealousy aud disagree
ment existed between the States
On suggestion of Virginia and
Maryland a Convention was held at
Annapolis, iu September, 1780. It
was attended by New York, Penn
sylvania, Delaware, Virginia and
Maryland. This Convention, (ot
which Alexander Hamilton was
chief mover), determined that it
would be best to have a Convention
of all the colonies, and Mr. HamiU
ton prepared an address to Congress
recommending a Convention of all
the States "to amend the articles of
jonfederation by giving it addition
il powers. By resolution on 21st
February, 1787, Congress called the
convention which assembled at
Philadelphia, in May, 1787. North
Carolina sent as members Wm. R.
Davie, Alexander Martin, Hugh
Williamson, Wm. Blount, and Rich
ard Dobbs Speight.
When the Convention met, it
deemed the articles of confederation,
so defective, that instead of amend
ing they proposed a Constitution
for a different style of Government,
being convinced, that however fas
cinating absolute States' rights
might be in prnclple or theory,
vou conld not have a respectable
and efficient government under its
operations. That the Federal Gov
ernment most have power to reach
the individual. This constitution
was to be submitted to conventions
of the respective States for ratificai
t'on, but to go into effect when rat
ified. by nine States, in the States
ratitving.
On the 17th of September, 1787,
the Convention adjourned and Geo.
Washington, as its President, sub
mitted the Constitution to Con
gress, with request to submit it to
the States for ratification. New
Hampshire ratified by a sma'l ma
jority, Massachusetts had s'rong
opposition. In Connecticut, the
opposition was one third of the del
egates, as ica'so wa lu Pennsyl
vania. In Maryland the opposition
was light. Ia South Carolina very
large. In Virginia thero was a bare
majority in favor, only two States
ratified, unanimously, they were
Georgia and Delaware.
In Noh Carolina the election
was ordered in April, 173S, every
county being entitled to five dele
gates, and the representative or
borough town-, to one each. Mr.
Willie Jones, of Halifax, was the
leader of the opposition to ratifica
tion, he being under the influence
of Mr. Jefferson. He succeeded in
electing a majority of one hundred
in opposition to ratification. The
convention met Monday, July 21st,
1788, in Hillsborough, io the old
government church, which was
afterward the Presbyterian church
and stood where the present church
now if.- Gov. Sara'l. Johnston, al
though an ardent advocate for
H'lnMtioii, was chosen President. He
width most pop ilar man of hi
time i i ih S' ite, an I any olti :e he
would Hi-re t, was ;if h s ommmd.
Eli ha"I ilt! of E lt!etHiihe, whs
chairiiiiu, when iu i-omiinf leo of the
wh le for discussion. The leaders
tor adoption were Gov. John-ton,
Judge Iredell, Gen W. R. Davie,
Messrs. McLiiuand Steele. Io op
posit on Messrs Wood worth, Mo
1) well, Hint Jodije Spencer. On
the 3rd day of Ssiou", Mr. Willie
Jones moved to have question of
adoption, "now put'', this as de
tailed aud it was determined to
'Jis.'uss the constitution, clause by
clause." Rev. Mr. Caldwell, of Gud
f rd, thought the convention should
adopt a pattern of government ihey
desired and compare the constitu
tion, with the pattern adopted, and
submitted the following principles:
1. A Government is a compact
between the rulers and the people.
2. Snch a compact ought to be
lawful iu itself.
3. It ought to be lawfully ex
ecuted. 4. Unalienable rights ought not
to be given up, if not uecessary.
5. The compact, ought to be uni.
tual.
0. It ought to - be plain, obvious,
and easily understood.
The principles, after debate, were
defeated by Ayes, DO; Noes, 163.
And the conveiitiou entered on
the discussion of the constitution,
"clause by clause."
The opeuiug exprossion, "we the
people", was the firnt objection. It
was cou tended that it was the deb
gates of Ihe people and not ihe
people. The answer was when the
convention adopted it, it would be
the work of the people, nud it had
uo vitality until adopted, over
those adopting. The vote of the
Vice-President, "in case of tie", the
veto and treaty making power of
the Presideut were couplained of
as Legislative acts, while these were
only Executive otlicers.
Biennial E'ections. Thev were
theu annual.
Impeachmeut -VTo ildall the small
officers in the revenue departments,
be liable to impeachment, and not
to indictmeut f if so, it put them
above their neighbors, and hard to
punish. This was explaiued by
Judge Iredell.
Taxation. Tinder the confederal
tion, this had been an assessed
value of real estate, now it ould
be on each State according io pop
nlation, including all the white, nd
two fifths of the negroes.
No bill of rights. Answer. It is
not necessary for nil rights not
especially granted were reserved to
the states.
Direct Taxation The confeder
ation hd no power over fie citizen,
C3uld ool. cril on the State The
weakness of the confederation from
this cau-Je was the answer.
Religion It was feared the Go,
eminent might establish a National
Religion, this was shown utterly
impossible ou account of the prev
alence ot different denominations,
in different parts of the State.
It was contended that the con
vention had uo power to make this
constitution as it was only author
ized to amend the confederation.
All parties admitted the desirability
of amendments. The opponents of
adoption urged that staying out
would compel amendments. Those
favoring adoption said by adopting
North Carolina, would make a ma
jority of States demanding amend
ments, and thus certainly secure
them. These were some of the
principal objections to adoption, or
the ambiguity of the constitution
on thesn poincs.
July 30th Mr. Jones moved the
previous question. Carried,ayes,183;
Noes 99.
Mr. Jones offered the following
resolution :
Resolved, "That a declaration of
rights asserting and securing from
encroachment the great principles
of civil and religious liberty and
the unalienable rights of the people
together with amendments to the
most ambiguous and exceptionable
parts of the said constitution of
government ought to le laid before
Congress and the conventions of
the States, that shall or may lie
called for the purpose of amending
the constitution for their consider
ation, previous to the. ratification of
'ii' constitution, .. i the pait of the
t,ite of North Cnro'ina.1'
He ucciimpiihied this with a Bill
of Rights, of 20 Heel ions, (twelve o
which are iu the I'.ill of Rights ol
the eon-titiition of North Carolina"),
and by twenty six proposed am n 1
ineuts. The first and ninth ot tlose
vih ihe first, aril twentieth section
of his lbll of liights, luve since
tieeu adopted, m3 amendment, 'o
the constitu ion of the United
States.
Judge Iredell offered the follow
ing resolution as a substitute:
Resolved, That this convention
having fully iteliherated, tm the
constitution pioposed foi the future
government of tne United States of
A'neriea, by Ihe Fedetal Conven
tion lately held at Philadelphia, on
the 17th day of September last, and
having taken iuto their serious and
solemn consideration, the present
cr tical s tuatiou ot Amerie, which
induces them to be of opinion that
'hough certain amendments to the
saM constitution ruaj be wi heil for;
yet, that those amendments should
e proposed, subsequent to th rat
ificitionon the put of h btate,
and not previous to it. They ilo.
therefore, on behalf of the State ot
North Carolina, and the A peo
ple thereof, anil by virtue of the
authority to them delegated, rat if
the said constitution on Ihe p irt of
this State, and they do, at the sam
time, recommend that as early as
possible the following amendments
to the said constitution may be pro
posed for the consideration and
adoption of the several States iu
the Union, in oue of the modes pre
scribed by the fifth article thereof.''
1. Retaining rights not specially
granted.
2. Limits representation to one
for 30.000 inhabitants, until number
reaches two buudred, then Congress
to determine.
3. State to organize its Militia if
Congress fails. Mditia not subject
to martial law, except in actual
service, in time of war.
4. Congress not to interfere in
elections of Senators and Repre
sentatives unless State fail to ac .
5. Laws, regulating pay of Con
gressmen, not to b? "e.Tpnst fjrto.''
G. Vessels trading between S'ates
not to pay duty to States entered
between points of departure and
destination.
Iredell's resolution was defeated.
Ayes, 84 ;Noes, 184, and Jones was
adopted by Ayes, IS 4 : Noes, 84.
The convention lheu fixed the
seat of government at Raleigh, and
on Monday, August 4h, 1788, ad
journed sine die.
The legislature assembled on
Nov. 3, 1783- On the 10th Mr. Wil
lie Jones,wuorepresenttd Halifax in
Senate moved to sjnd a message t
the "House" proposing a joint ses
sion of the two Houses to "consider
the question of a secoud convention
tocousider the U, S. Constitution"
The message was accompanied by
petitions ron the following coun
ties, Camden, Hertfor ', Randolph,
Johnston, Tyrrell, Hyd", R chmond,
Carteret, Doobs, Chowan, L'lu-oln,
Rowan, Onlcw, Surry, Mecklenburg,
Martin. Chatham, Currituck and
Edgecombe. Setting forth 4'the grie
vances under which the inhabitants
r.u o ii i i -
of the State labor by the decision
J
ui iue late uuuveuuuii ou iu pivi
posed Government for the United
States, and praying for another
conventiou to consider it." Oo the
11th Nov. the House replied that
thev declined the joint conference5'
but would take the convention into
consideration, on Suurday next,
15th. Oa the 15th the House parsed
the followiog resolution, "That it is
uot now expedient to call a new
convention". Ayes, 55 ; Noes, 47.
Majority 8.
On the same day he 6enate
passed a resolution for a new con
ventiou by a vote of 30 to 15.
The Senate fhen on the same day
passed a resolution' that "at the
"regular election, in the State, on
"third Friday aud Saturday in Aug.
"1789, eac'i county should elect
"three delegates to the ne conven
tion, and the borough town having
"a representation in the Legislature,
"one each to meet on the last Mon
Continued to Second Page."
noM.sr woiini,
(or liorM4"ll' alono
'I wish 1 knew if he loves mo for
mysell alone," s ml Anabell F ehU
ng h.i-k'i.K at ! oi'tty ftrein Ihe
glass .sii. A.ts theheinssto half
a million, and surrounded with admi
rers, but there was always a doubt
in her mind whether they were sin
cere or cared only for her on ar
count of her money. Aunabell was
more interested iu one young man
in particular. She had only met
Frank Elton a few times, but he
had made a deeper impression oi
her th in any one she had known,
and she was anxious to discover if
he was sincere iu the devotion he
displayed toward her.
Inst now he was away ou his va
e it ion, so nothing could be done to
help matters. Annabell therefore
ran down into the couutry to con
sult her cousin Kate on the subject
of testing the truth of her
admirer. Kate was a school teacher
and a poor relation, but was Miss
Fielding's favorite cousin.
We will not stop to relate the
priva'e confab between the cousius.
SuMice it tosav that on the follow
ing moruiugKate took her depart
ure f r Auuabell's city home, the
at ui's last words to her being:
"Now, remember, Kate, that for
the next six weeks you are the helr
es, and I am eimply and only a vli-
lane schoolteacher. Suddenly re
duced from ani reuce to compara
tive poverty. Write me how you
find matters, and ad about what I
most wish to know, and I will keep
you posted."
It was near the close of a hot, sul
try day in June, the bloom and fra
tra':ce lying all around ir, making
her confinement to th:s little school
house very iiksome to Annabell
Fielding. Herscho'ars had been
unusually trwrg aud stupid, and
she began to heartily repent her
self-imposed task, especially as she
had learned through Kate that
Frank Eaton bad suddenly returned
to town.
As she was mentally computing
the days that must elapse, each
one just as stupid and tiresome, be
fore she cou'd be released, a shad
ow feli across the threshold of the
half opn door; then a pleasant
voice said:
"Will Miss Fielding admit a new
scbolat?"
As Annabell looked up into the
ace so often present in her sleeping
and waking dreann every vesrige
of weariness vanished from her face
and heart.
"If you will promise to bs very
good,'' she smiled, f tiling iu realily
with his id-a aud conducting her
new pupil to a si at upon the plat
form, iu full view of the wondering,
gaping children, of all ages aud
fizes, who were ranged on the ben
cbes in front of it.
With a rush and shout the eager,
restless throng poured out of the
school-house, leaving Frank and
Annabell to follow at their leisure.
"I did not hear of your bs and
cousequeot change io your pros
pect til! last week," said Frank, as
the two moved slowly down the
steps toward the sandy winding
road.
"I call it loss'' be added after a
moments pause, "and yet these
. , , . . .
things are often very far from being
such iu their resalt: calling forth
capabilities in those who suffer
them that they did not know they
possessed. Which no one else
knew they possessed either. To be
quite frank, much as I admired ami
even loved yon, I did not think ic in
you ro conform so bravely to
your altered circumstanoes.'
Annabell colored as frhe met the
look of honest admiration in the
eyes that were fixed upon ber
partly with pleasure, and partly
from the consciousness of how little
she deserved his good opinion of
her.
-I hive sometimes thought,'' she
faltered, '.that I would give almost
any loss that would show me which
of all those who professed to Jove
me really did.
Erank turned a swift, qaestioDiDg
look upon the face of the speaker.
"You surely did not doubt the
sincerity of my lovef'7
"I think I doubted everybody,''
ail Annabell penitently, giving
herninpanion a shy glance,- which
rttTorded him a sudden and vary
pleasant insight in the he&tz ba
was so anxious to win.
"This, ih. n is (he nacref. to all
that so perplexed and disheartened
me? responded Frank, with mnch '
emotion. '-Why darling my Urat
thought when I heard of your
changed siinoundings was that you
would now need me; that I wouhl
now stand woiue r hdiice of wiuniug
your heart. If this be so aud I
highly favored, then, indeed i
your loss of fortune proved a great
gain to me !"
What Annabell said iu respons
to this, and all the interesting con
versation that followed, were in
tendal neither for jour ears or
mine to hear, though we way rest
assured it was a very pleasant as
weil as satisfatory one to the par
ties concerned.
One evening, about a week later,
Kte walked into Aunt Pol y's cos
ey htt'e sitting room, where the too
lovers were sitting.
"I thought so!"she said looking
quizzically from one to the other.
'Got matters very nicely settled I
should sar.''
- j -
"You see," she added, addressing
Anuabell, "I have gotten tired of
playing the heiress it was some'"
thing I wasn't brought opto, aud
for which I seem to have no natural
adaptation. Tojadge by present
indications, our little masquerade
has accomplished all that was in
tended: so if you plta-eyou resume
your true character and positiOD,
aud I will take mine:
"You needu't loot so reproach"
fully at me," laughed the speaker,
turning to Frauk. "I told you that
all Cousin Annabell s money was in
the broken bauk, and it was the
truth. I forgot to add however, that
Uncle John remaved it only the
week before, now let me advise a
frpeedy wedding. The truth is, I'm -expecting
somebody ou to see me
iu a few weeks; aud two pairs of
lovers around at one time will bo
too much of a good thing."
F.ank quite agreed with Kate,
finding little difficulty iu pursuad
iag Annabell to agree with him, as
was p;oved by Ihe happy bridalthat
followed.
MnkiiiKor tlie entitling Farm
iu Prince George County Va--
Mr. E Jward B. Gatling, who ia
the traveliug salesman for Mr. W;
T. Dancock, of Richmond, received
a telegram on Su. iiia, calling bim
nome from his mjther, who resides
t their beautiful homestead,
".Spriug Hill,', iu Prince George
county, near Petersburg, and im.
mediately on the Appomattox river -to
witDess the siukiogof a large
area of land, on which were giant
oaks 100 feet high and numerous
other trees of gigantic proportion
which have sunk as they grew, leav
ing only tops of the braocbes peer
ing above the walls and being just
enough left to reach to the remain
ing surface.
The sinking of the earth carried
with it about ten or twelve acres of
land, leaviDg an ugly looking wa'l
4S solid as granite on either side vs;
ring from ten to sixty feet perfect
ly perpendicular.
There has also formed a beautiful
crystal lake of mineral water, eight
ro ten feet deep, covering ab uc
two acre, in which the growing
corn protrudes leaving only the la
sensible. A most singular feature
of this sinking of earth is that ot
the river which is . 500 yards dis
taut,the bottom of which is forced
above the surface about 8 feet
high, extending 200 yards in leogth
resembMng a fortification in the
middle ot the river or jast to iue
edge of the channel. It will be re
membered that a singular freak in
the shapi of a crater or blow out
recently occurred on this farm, the
pound of which resembled distant
thunder and was distinctly beard
twenty miles and is at the beginn
of this wonderful caving in, and is
the primal cause of this pbenbmes
non. There are numerous figures
three feet wide and as yet have no
bottom. A stone throwu down can
be heard descending its downward
course, apparently finding no
bottom. Riehmond State.