"THE UNION COUNTY PAPER EVERYBODY NEEDS IT" "THE UNION COUNTY PAPERS VERYBODY READS IT The Monroe Jo to itr J YV I PUBLISHED TWICE EACH WEEK TUESDAY AND FRIDAY VOL.23. No. 8. MONROE, N. CM FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1919 $1.5t?lER YEAR CASH. A H II II j 1 1 I Aa I 1 1 TASK OF PKKSIDKNT WILSOX IS OITIJXKP HY SI.MOXDS The Heal (Question is Whether Ameri ca Iesires lo led nt Paris and in New PirerthMiN Sufficient ly Slrong ly to Agree to Share tlie Cost of Ktwganizhig the World. Frank II. Simouds writing from Paris Tor the MeClure Newspaper Syndicate outlines President Wilson's . task in America as follows: At the moment when President Wilson is beginning his explanation ; a America of the league of nations t..ere is a single question which ought ; be clearly answered for the Amer ican public. What is it that Europe t-rpects of America as a consequence of the formation of the league of na t.ins? The answer to this question must. I think, be found first in the view which obtains both among the Eng lish and the French as to what this government of the league of nations which Mr. Wilson has taken back to America actually is. In substance, the English and French views are that the government of the league of na tions is a substantial recognition by Europe, by the allies, and primarily by England and France, of the ideas and principles which Mr. Wilson came to Europe to advocate. Much df the actual text and machinery of tire present league of nations' coven ant is the result of European contri bution. But there would have been little or nothing of any league of na tions' covenant if Mr. Wilson had not come to Europe and made his consis tent and persistent effort. France and England, in effect, have joined with President Wilson in a draft of the program of the league f nations, which is still a mere ('ketch, with the understanding, clear i.ml unmistakably. If they and their Knropean associates agree to a new i rgani.ation of International rela tions at the demand of America, ex ! ressed by Mr. Wilson, America will ' ' prepared on her side to join wilh ! i io : !i lentous in physical defense if such rssoiiation and in I he shar ing of expeitr.e and the burden of thii cw social order. And. in substance, Wilson has obtained his league i! nations' covenant in its present I rm simply rs an evidence of good latin on the part of both France and V.t. aland, who thus signified their readiness to accept the new ideas and the new principles, but very clearly expected that Mr. Wilson would bring Lis countrymen to accept the new responsibilities and new duties that How from this league of nations' pro gram. WHAT ENGLAND EXPECTS Now, to put It specifically, what (toes England expect America to do 9 a result of the league of nations? First of all, beyond any question, England expects the United States to accept one or more mandatories, to undertake responsibility for some such peoples cs the Armenians, and to contribute all the necessary re sources In men, material and protec tion to bring about the organization of this new Armenian state. In oth er words, England expects the United ."rates to break with its traditional policy of isolation and enter world affairs as a partner of the organiza tion! &nd I" ,ne defense of various raes which cannot stand alone. Ar ihenla, in Asia, and Liberia, in Africa, have been two most mentioned man datories. I am satisfied that there will be n feeling in England that the whole r.ritlsh policy with respect to the league of nations has been a failure if the United States shall now, the league of nations having been drawn, fail to take up the responsibilities which, to the English mind, are In herent in America's advocacy of the league of nations Itself. There will Y'. a feeling that America has been i.pwilling to make good her bravi vrrds by difficult but necessary la bo. 3. WHAT FRENCH EXPECT What do the French expect! Sub-.-::.nlially this; That the United FUtes will organize and maintain an criny available for immediate trans portation to France, to protect France, In co-operation with the Brit ish and French armies, provided the Germans shall refuse to accept the principles of the league of nations and presently return to their old n-thods of militant imperialism, at this time expressed by republican Hither than Hohenzollern armies. The whole view of Europe Is too simple and yet too close to be mls mJerstood. Mr. Wilson came to Eu rope representing himself to be the fpokesman of America, to demand tnat Europe should accept American ideas of a new International associa tion In which moral rather than phy sical force should prevail and the set tlement of the last war should be had, not on a basis of taking extreme mil itary precaution against the enemy bv.t on the basis of making a Just pacc, eliminating causes for future wars. Europe, at the end of the most considerable war in human history, was in a realistic mood. It would have drawn a treaty of peace based en the idea that it was necessary to tak every physical precaution against the enemy. Europe would have made a peace based on the pre servation of the alliance between the nations which had fought Germany; based upon the Idea of preserving this alliance by mutual recognition of the extreme claims of each of the allies. In other words, nothing seems more certain than that If America at the peace conference had pursued her traditional policy of not intermixing in Europeau affairs, Eu rope would have made another kind of peace. WILSON HAD HIS WAY But Mr. Wilson, representing him self as the spokesman of the will of America, came over here and sub stantially served notice upon Europe that the peace of Versailles must be a totally different thing from the old settlements, that American ideas about the peace of Paris should pre vail. He represented a single nation not exhausted by war. He spoke with authority which for Europe was al most absolute, and; he has had his way up to the present moment in foeing the conference at Paris to lay aside European territorial and finan cial questions until the new organi zation of society was at least sketched in accordance with his own ideas. But Europe, on its side, in consent ing to accept Mr. Wilson's leadership in this matter, in consenting to break with these traditions, in giving Mr. Wilson a sketch of his league of na America, has done all this with equal tions which he has taken back to ly clear view. Obviously, it would be unnecessary to take extreme precau tion, territorial and military, against Germany if for the future all the vast resources of the United States were pooled with those of Fiance and Eng land and Italy In a new association in which each tnember was prepared to do his utmost if any member were attacked. The foundation of the league of nations from the European point of view is a defensive alliance between England, France, Italy and America, for the purpose of main taining the principles expressed in the league of nations. If the United States is not prepared to go to this length, if it is not pre pared lo accept mandatories in Asia and Africa, if it is not prepared to keep a standing army and expedition ary crniy, si rong enough that in co operation with the British artnv two divisions can be put down in France within 14 days lor every, one division Germany raises in excess of the French establishment, then for Eng land nnd for France the league of na tions Is still born, another map of paper, an titter dead letter. The practical application of all this i;i patent. If President Wilson shall succeed in peisunding the American people to become vi'h France, Eng land and Italy, co-guarantors of a league of nations, prepared to defend both nations and principles associat ed, prepared lo accept part of the burden of giving smaller peoples a chance to organize and become self governing and self-mifficleiit then President Wilson may come back here and exercise an enormous influ ence in the later phase of peace-making and the ideas and principles ex pressed In the league of nations will dominate through the whole Intricate and difficult process of reorganizing Europe and the rest of the world. If President Wilson falls to persuade the American people to take up their share of the burden of world organ ization, then when Mr. Wilson tomes back he will find the league of na tions project shelved and bitter and disillusioned Europe, thrown back upon the old fashioned methods and old fashioned ideas, compelled to take precautions against Germany which would be unnecessary if America were a permanent partner. NOW AT SUPREME CRISIS Our whole mission and our whole rolu in Europe is not at a supreme crisis. Europe, and particularly France and England, have accepted our leadership expressed by Mr, Wil son and have formulated the pro jected league of nations, but they have done it purely and simply on the assurance of the President of the United States that America was pre pared to share in the burdens, re sponsibilities and guarantees of such a league of nations. ' The French be lieve they have assurance from the President In the matter of military establishment of America. The Eng lish nt least have a profound hope that their cordial, consistent co-operation with Mr. Wilson, without which he could not have acquired his covenant, will be recompensed by American participation in mandatory responsibilities of the world. But I do not think I exaggerate when I say that if America regrets her re sponsibilities the profoundest disap pointment and disillusionment will follow, both in England and France, and it will no longer be possible for America lo exercise an effective In fluence in the direction of a new fashioned world settlement. The substantial fact Is that Ger many, having broken the balance of power In Europe by destroying Rus sia, having assured the absorption of German Austria, having destroyed the industrial establishments of Bel gium and northern France, must And herself within the next few years in a better position from which to start out to conquer the world than she was In 1914. UnlesB the United States readjusts this balance of power by associating herself with the western nations the only possible hope for the western nations is to impose such peace on Germany that German re covery will be long, slow and diffi cult. The mere question of self preservation will be the deternwnlng test of the treaty of peace of Ver sailles, by contrast, and this is the British view. If Germany finds herself disarmed by the provisions of the treaty of peace, with conscription abolished, and if she finds herself confronted for the future, should she elect to re sume militarist Ideas, by England. France and Italy and the United States In a close defense alliance, the (Continued on page eight.) IXIOX fOl.NTY COTTOX AS SOCIATION OK;AM7.EP At m Meeting Held Wednesday Kx- ecutixe to littee Will Meet Of ficers mill X.ime Canvassers Hes- j liitins AtloKi at Kah-igh Kali fieri. Arrangements were made for the perfection of a Union County Cotto.i Association at a meeting of a num ber of the representative citizens of the county in the Chamber of Com merce rooms Wednesday afternoon. Mr. W. S. Blake.iey was elected to preside at the meeting and Mr. T. J. W. Broom to act as secretary. Mr. Blakeney stated tlrj pit-pose or the meeting and explained 4 sat like meet ings were being held in every roui-.ty in the slate. He call-Mi attention to the fact that the col ion market had reached such a condition that the South was faced with disaster unless the 1919 crop be reduced and the balance of the 1918 crop be held un til market conditions Justify its sale. The banks and business men of the South will back "Mp the farmer in an effort to secure better prices by re duction in acreage and holding cot ton on hand, he said. Other men addressing the meeting were: Messrs. J. Z. Green. T. J. W. Broom and Major W. C. Heath. They called attention to various phases of the effort now on hand. It was decided to leave the elec tion of officers for the association in the hands of the executive committee, composed of Messrs. J. E. Broom, W. . Blakeney and T, J. . Broom. They will meet at an early date lo elect officers and to appoint a com mittee in each township to canvass their territory to secure pledges to re duce acreage in cotton and to hold all cotton now on hand. The resolutions adopted at the Raleigh Cotton Convention on Feb ruary 11, were ratified at the meet ing. They are as follows: The South is confronted with a dis aster tinUss tlio cro; of l!ii:t be re duced and the balance of the crop of litis be protected and held until mar ket conditions justify lis sale. To enable all people in the South inter ested in cotton, and nearly nil are, to adopt a direct and intelligent method of meeting the situation, this Convention earnestly recommends that the following plan be adopted: (1) That the crop of 1919 be re duced at least 33 Vi per cent in acre age, and that the fertilizer on-the two-thtru-BTea Vfc not lncreaSed;" but this does not apply to any farm of less than five acres to the horse: Provided, that in carrying out this recommendation the following sche dule of reduction shall be observed: Any man planting five acres or less to the horse to make no reduction; 6-7 acres, reduce one acre to the horse; 8-9 acres, reduce two acres to the horse; 10-11-12-13 acres, re duce three acres; 14, reduce font acres; 15-16, reduce five acres; 17 18, reduce six acres. Under no cir cumstances will any farmer plant more than 12 acres to the horse: (2) That on all the cotton land left out and on the balance of the farm, ample supplies of food, feed and other crops be planted. That under the present conditions the wisest plan for the South is to pro duce all of the food needed for its people and the feed for its live-stock. (3) We believe that the existing situation justifies the holding of every bale of cotton now in the hands of our Southern people, and we urge our farmers not to sell the balance of the present crop for less than thirty cents per pound, basis middling. (4) That to carry out this purpose, we call upon the bankers and busi ness men of the State for their hearty cooperation. (5) We recommend that every owner of cotton Immediately put his cotton under shelter, or in a ware house, and will not permit it to leave the warehouse until the owner shall so specify. (61 We earnestly warn the farm er that if he buys high-priced ferti lizer, and a large acreage of cotton Is made, he must pay next fall with cheap cotton for the high-priced fer tilizer and other supplies. (7) We recommend to the farmer that he leave uncultivated In cotton every acre that he cannot reasonably expect to make enough cotton to yield a profit at reasonable prices. We do not believe that an acre that produces less than two thirds of a bn.le will yield a profit to the grower, and every acre should not be planted in cotton. (8) For the purpose of securing the united cooperation of all financi al Interests, and to put this plan Into effect, the merchants, bankers, land lords, fertilizer dealers and other business men are asked to extend credit and to finance farming on the basis of a safe program, including full production of food and feed, rather than the production of cotton alone. (9) It Is recognized that the world need for cotton when conditions be come anything approaching normal will, nithout doubt, be exceedingly great, and it is therefore important that those who can hold their cotton against that time, and that in the meantime the situation be held In hand ty control of future production. (10) We recommend that the present Congress of the United States eimct the Smith BUI covering the character of cotton deliverable upon cotton exchanges. We ask that the Governor of this State communicate Immediately with our Senators and Representatives informing them of this action. (11) We recommend that the Leg islatuie pass an adequate warehouse' bill for the State of North Carolina. (Ill We reecotnend that the tax basing day for individual lax payers be made June 1st. (13) We recommend that a com mittee of seven persons representing the fanning and business interests of the State be named by the Governor to inaccurate a State-wide campaign to effect the purpose set forth, such committee to meet immediately and to have full authority to devise ways and means to carry out the provisions of ihes recommendations. This committee is authorized to raise money, employ clerical assis tance, and to put on an intensive campaign, and to do any and all things necessary to effect the purpose of this meeting. To enable the com mittee to begin work immediately, contributions are now solicited. Warehouse Hill by Senator Price Ap pro el. Senator J. N. Price has introduced a bill in the legislature providing for a state system of cotton warehouses by taxation on cotton. The bill pass ed the third reading in the Senate yesterday without a dissenting vote. The following regarding it appear ed in this morning's News and Ob server: ., - Qnlv words of encouragement t6 speed it on its way attended the pas sage of Senator Price's warehouse bill, which places a tax of 25 cents a bale on all cotton produced during the next two years and which, it is estimated, will produce a fund of not less than $400,000. Senator George Holderness, himself a fanner of means and producer of cotton on a large scale, although he stores his cotton in private ware house space, was heartily in favor of the bill and declared that Senator Price was to be congratulated upon having introduced a bill that has-so ninny food points. Tbo'iih he would not the warehouse he believed he should pay the tax because h" would inofit from the withholding of eol ton i loin the market. Si -i.aior joe linr.vn. another farmer of i.n-.irs. declared that a tax of f0 cents vould not be extravagant. He renii.iil that nothing worth while could he done without money and this :oided the funds and would collect it from those who would di rectly benefit from the system. In his luaidep speech lo the Senate, Sen ator Tongue expressed pleasure in be ing able to vote for the bill, as did Senator Horton. Senator Fisher could sec some objections to It, but vdMfttrft to&. asaiatit and it want through on roll call with no opposi tion recorded. Recurrence of the Flu Predicted For Xevt Winter. Recurrence next winter of the In fluenza epidemic which caused thou sands of deaths in all parts of the country during the past five months was predicted Wednesday by Rear Admiral W. C. Bralstead, Surgeon General of the Navy, In a letter to Representative Fees of Ohio, urging that an appropriation be made by congress for research work to deter mine the cause of the disease and its cure. An appropriation of $300,000 for the study of diseases is carried in the sundry civil appropriation bill, now before the house, but Admiral Brals tead said this would not be sufficient to undertake the research work on the necessary large scale He recom mended a special appropriation to be divided between the public health service, the surgeon general of the army and the surgeon general of the navy. Bryant Washburn's New Photoplay is ('banning Comedy. That versatile young screen star, ISryant Washburn, has a human in terest comedy In "The Way of a Man With a Maid," and the story original ly appeared In "The Saturday Even ing Post," where Bryant himself read It and set about securing screen rights. It is a Paramount picture and will be shown at the Strand theatre Friday. It Introduces Arthur McArney. a $21 dollar a week clerk, as the chief figure, and shows his romance with Elsa Owenson, an extravagant, blonde little stenographer. Arthur McArney is shown as a very ordinary young man, satisfied with his weekly wage until the expensive Elsa comes Into his life. Then he has to hustle to corral enough money to show her a good time and from this situation the story develops to a charming and un expected ending, Bryant Washburn is said to be at bis best as the young clerk. Wanda Hawley plays Elsa Owenson and Fred Goodwins, who has done excellent work in recent Paramount pictures, appears as Bick Olsen. McArney's chum. Others who play Important roles are Bessie Eyton. Clarence Gel dart, Jay Dwiggins, Billy Elmer and James Neill. Donald Crisp, who directed the picture .has shown on numerous oc casions that he is one of the clever est of film bosses when it conies to getting human touches out of com edies, and he is reported to have done an excellent piece of work In direct ing "The Way of a Man With a Maid." Charles Schoenbaum was the cameraman. The scenario was writ ten by Edith Kennedy from the short story by Ida M. Evans. Frank Rich ardson assisted Mr. Crisp with the di rection. . Ancient Egg. First Soldier (In restaurant) "How's your egg. Bill?" Second Soldier "I'll match you to see who goes back for the gas masks." Jersey Journal. PlXXF.lt t'ONFKBKXCK FAILS TO t'HAXt.K ISKI'l IU.ICANS Apparently Still 0Mse Constitution of League of Nations Wilson is Closely guest billed ninl Allows iilesi Fteedoni to Tell All. President Wilson told members of , the congressional foreign relations! committees Wednesday night that un- less the United Slates entered the 1 league of nations, the league would fail and chaos and turmoil beyond de scription would result in Europe. Views of the republican members op posing the league constitution as re ported to the peace conference appa rently were not changed by the con ference. Hitchcock, of the senate commit tee, said the President held that de cisions of the league's executive coun cil would not be binding until specif ically approved by each signatory na tion, and that consequently the Amer ican Congress would have the oppor tunity to pass on the apportionment of armament for every nation con cerned. The President said this sec tion had been misconstrued. Concerning the clause giving the right to the league lo consider acts threatening world per.ee. President Wilson said that the clause was in definite and would be made more clear by writing in a safeguard which would require that every recommend ation by the council should be unan imous. It also was said that the President informed the senators and represent atives that the disarmament provision would not interfere with the military training of men, but that it was evi dent that a trained body of men would not be a dan-er to world peace if their arina iient supplies were kept in check. Mr. Wilson sail the provision for enl'orein:; the d"leriii!uation (if the council in case it was disobeyed by any nation would apply in only one; case, anil that where the partv against whom a decision was rendered 1i;mI prcperty, including territory, in its possession which it would not stir render. Views of republican members of the congressional foreign rela'ions committees who opposed the propos ed constitution of the league of na tions apparently were unchanged af ter a long dinner conference tonight with President Wilson at the white house. The opinion was expressed by--boh democratic and republican senators. Difscussion of the constitution as presented to the peace conference was said to have been quite general and the President was questioned closely, especially by Senator Brandegee, of Connecticut, Republican Leader Lodge and Senator Knox, of Penn sylvania, former secretary of state, took very little part. The President after making an opening explanatory statement, an swered all questions freely and spe cifically emphasized that his guests were free to discuss the conference and all Its Information with newspa per men and others. One question on which much time was spent was whether a nation once in the league could withdraw, raised by Senator Brandegee. The Presi dent was said to have held that any country could withdraw, but Senator Brandegee contended this would be Impossible under the constitution as now drafted. President Wilson denied that the league plan would Inerfere with the Monroe doctrine, declaring that the doctrine would be guaranteed by all the member powers in the world so ciety. The President was said to have held that the mandatories in the con stitution were not compulsory, but required the consent of the nations to which the mandatory was assigned. Senators said he expressed the opin ion that the United States would de sire to become a mandatnrv for Ar menia. On the quest ion of American sov ereigntv, the President was said to have taken the position that recession of American sovereignty was not a new precedent, being an Incident of every treaty. In conceding that some sovereign ty must be surrendered by member ship in the league, the President de clared It was inconceivable that there could be any concert of action by na tions to eliminate war and protect the weak unless each nation was willing to give up something. Denying statements that the league meant usurpation of the power of Congress to declare war, the Presl- Dixon have returned home and re dent said the league merelv was 1 1'ort a fine time at Camp Bragg. Car ! promise bv the treaty-making power penter work was all they did there I that its Congress would do all In its and it was easy work with good pay. power to carry out the agreement, a I Both got 1 mne sick and could not I situation which he declared prevailed '' any b ger. in manv present treaties. Miss Ka ; High of Monroe was a The President was said to have , pleasant guest of Miss Pearl Hill one slated that it was necessary that the'.u last week. United States stand to the support of the Czecho-Slovaks, the Jugo-Slavs, Poland and other weak and strue - gling peoples made free as the result of the great war. Senator Lodge refused to see news paper men or make any statements after the conference. Accounts of both democratic and republican members of the commit tees who discussed the conference va rlde only in very minor details. The strength of the league would rest on the friendship of America, Great Britain, France, Italy and Ja pan, the President said, and he ex pressed the opinion that serious trou ble between these five nations was "unthinkable." Should one of these withdraw from the league or in any way fail to support it, impotence of the league might result. The President was said to have told the senators and representatives that the league constitution adopted was proposed bv Great Britain, but i was not the one drawn bv General Smuts, one of the British authorities j on the leasue proposal. Drafts pre iscnted bv the United Slates. France ami Italy were rejected, -The President felt that if the l.-aeue js not ratified." said Chairman Hitchi o;k. -there will be despair throughout the world because of fail ure in the effort to secure permanent peaee. Serious complication, the President felt, might result at an ear ly date from failure of the league. The league is already in use, the President stated, through the refer ence of the questions on various sub jects which have been referred to in ternational commissions." SKXTKXCKS WHICH AUK TOO SEVEHE TO BE MITKJATED President's Power Will le Itesorteil To in Cou rt martial Cases Dis honorable Pischarges Have Keen Kevokel. Maj. Gen. Crowder appeared be fore the Senate Wednesday and stat ed that all imprisonment sentences imposed on men of the army during the war and found to be too severe would !: mitigated through the Pres ident's power of remission. The 5, 000 sentences imposed since the be ginning of hostilities will be review ed by a s iial board in the next six ty days. IVaeticstlly till the dishon orable di m .r".e orders have been re voked and 1.2H0 men sentenced to long terms at Leavenworth have been honorabl) restored to duty in the pa si year. In the record of ibis courtmartlal hearing a crn: deutial order on con- eieiitior.s nhjeciors sent to all camp commanders by Sec. Baker was rer.ii us follows: "The Secretary of War directs that you be instructed to segregate the conscientious objectors in their di vision and lo place them under su pervision of Instructors, who shall be specially selected with a view to in suring that these men will be hand led with tact and consideration and that their questions will be answered fully and freely. "With respect to their attitude of objecting to military service these men are not to be treated as violat ing military laws, thereby subjecting themselves to the penalties of the ar ticles of war, but their attitude In this respect will be treated with kind ly consideration. "Attention in this connection is in vited to a case where a number of conscientious objectors in one of our divisions, when treated in this man ner, renounced their original objec tions to military service and volun tarily offered to give their best efforts to the soldiers, "it is desired that after the pro cedure above indicated shall have been followed for a sufficient length of time to afford opportunity to judge the results derived from it, a report of the action taken and the re sults obtained under these instruc tions is to be submitted to the war department by each division com mander. As a result of the consider ation of these reports further instruc tions will be Issued by the Secretary of War as to the policy to be observ ed In future In the case of conscien tious objectors. "Under no circumstances are the instructions contained in the forego ing to be given to the newspapers." Items From Indian Trail Route 1. Correspondence of The Journal. Indian Trail Rt. 1, Feb. 25. Mrs. Buren Foard of this place got badly scalded one day last week turning a coffeepot over her hands accidentally. On account of the "flu" situation Mrs. Bruce Helms is finishing out the l'utr school term. Sunday school hour at Union Grove M. E. church has been changed next Sunday to 10 a. m. All are request ed to be on hand then. Rev. T. J. Huggins will preach at Union Grove Marrh 2nd at night. Messrs. Herman Furr and Lewis Wentz have positions at Camp Bragg, Fayetteville. Mr. Wllse Scott spent Sunday and Monday at Rockingham. Miss Julia Furr has returned from Monroe after spending a week with friends and relatives. Miss Margaret Thomas of Wades bo ro visited your scribe Sunday. Messrs. Tom Lcmmond and Alonzo MKa Anna Blackmon Is now at Concord visiting relatives and friends. i Mr- Elmore Ford of Greenville. C., spent a few days here with friends and relatives. Cheerfulness. Center drove Honor Holl. First Grade - Josephene Wentr. . Wade Wentz, Viola Stlnson, Edna Ritch. Second Grade Grace Lee Helms, Mack Yandle. Third Grade Paul Wentz. Beulah Helms. Fifth Grade Annie Lee Yandle, Ona Williams, Ruby Helms, Cla. 4 Bell Wentz. Seventh Grade Eula Mae Helms, Auta Presley, Annie Lee Williams, t Cora Helms.