I
A
A blu croaa
urk hai ataara
that jrour lutwcrip.
Uaa la a jraar ba.
bind ami that your
papar will ba atop
pad aalaaa ran
mmk a parmant.
Hi 1 "1
POX. .YaYAY
MOUNT AIRY, NORTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY, MAY 27 1000
NO. 4o
f 11 i
J Hi
IAS
Or:
THE HOUSE FLY
tj Z. P. METCALr", Aiiutant Entomololt
AortA CVirotmi StnU ttrpariment of Agriculture
a
Introduction. - From earliest
times the House Fly has been
known as a troublesome pest
about the habitations of man, and
at the present time it is distri
buted over almost the entire
globe. But it has been only with
in the most recent years that the
House Fly has been recognized in
its true light that is, as a dan
gerous enemy of mankind because
it aids in the transmission of some
of our worst infectious diseases,
In the light of these facts there -
fore, the House Fly take3 on a
new interest, and it is the pur-
pose of this circular to give some -
thing of the life history of the
House Fly, pointing out its rela -
tion to diseases and suggesting
some of the more practical reme -
dies for its control.
Life History
The House Fly, like many oth
er insects, passes through four
distinct stages: (1) the egg, (2)
the larva, (3) the pupa and (4)
the adult The adult fly lays the
eggs in a suitable place. Each
egg hatches into a soft-bodied
larva or "maggot," which in turn
when full grown changes to a
pupa, from which the adult fly
emerges. This cycle is known as
a generation. The number of
venerations of house flies annuals
abundance of food and other fac
tors. And the fact that the gen
erations are apt to overlap very
much makes it hard to say just
what the number of generation?
is for any particular place. Tile
number for this State would un
doubtedly be from ten to four
teen broods annually. - .
In order to understand the
House Fly better arid to be bet
ter able to control it, it is neces
sary to understand more of its
life history by examining more in
detail each ot the four stages ot
its life.
The Egg. -The egg of the
House Fly is very small, whitish
object shaped more or les3 like a
slender grain of wheat and, like
it, has a groove on the side. It
would, however, take about twen
ty of them laid end to end to make
Ail iiiwiii Aanjr ui v tutu kj wtav
adult fly, preferably in horse ma
nure just beneath the surface.
huwcvci, wie uy uua uueii miuwii
to lay its eggs in cow dung, in !
ir... - u. i i i. -
human excreta, in decayed veg- j
tables and decayed meats. Al-
though these latter are excep-;
tional, they should be remember-
eu as pussiuiu ureeuiug piatcs ui i
i j: i
this pest, though the maggots
which commonly infest spoiled
meats are""principally of other j are vastly reduced. The remain
species which are distinct from ! ing individuals nide in out-of-the-the
House Fly. The eggs are us- way places about buildings where
ually placed in irregular clusters, j they pass the winter. In the
The eggs hatch in favorable i spring they emerge, lay their
weather in a few hours. In un- eggs and start another brood.
favorable weather this Stage will Relation ol Houae Fly to Oiaeaaea
be somewhat prolonged. But it
is doubtful if it ever
day Vfc much. At
exceeds a I
Raleigh in j
middle October the time required
was twenty-four hours.
The Larva. The larva, o r
"maggots,' as they are called,
are at first very small,' but they
grow rapidly, shedding their
skins three times, and when full
grown are about one-third of an
inch long, pointed at the other
end. In hot weather during mid-1
summer the larva may become !
full grown in five days, but later i
in the season or in cooler weath
er the length of the larval life
i
I becomes much longer. The time
required at Raleigh in October
was from ten to eleven days.
The Pupa.-The last or third
time that the lava molts it chang
es to a resting stage or pupa
within the larval skin which
turns brown, dries and wrinkles!
up, forming a hard protective
covering for the soft-bodied whit
ish pupa within. This is known
as a pupariuin. This stage also
may be as short as five days in
! summer but varies remarkably
i wiw me weatner conditions ana
j the House Fly often passes the
! winter in this pupa condition,
emerging as an adult in the
1 spring. At Raleigh in October
j nine days were required for the
1 completion of this stage.
The Adult. -The adult House
Flv i3 a familiar object to all, yet
it is apt to be confused with oth
er kinds of flies which are often
j found in houses. But at least
! 95 per cent of all of the flies
found in our houses are the true
House Fly. Another fly often
found in houses is the so-called
"stable fly" which sperficially
resembles the House Fly very
much. But the stable fly has
sharp pointed mouth parts
capable of piercing the human
skin, whereas the mouth-parts of
at the end and are adapted only
to lapping up liquids and are in
no way capable of piercing hu
man skin. The presence of the
stable fly about houses, especial
ly just before rains, has led to
the popular and erroneous notion
that House Flies bite before a
rain.
The true House Fly is a dull
grayish fly about one-fourth of
an inch long with it body streak
ed with blackish-gray. The body
of the House Fly and especially
v; feet and legs are densely cov-
vered with minute hairs, which
form a most convenient place for
the lodgment of filth of all kinds,
and hence an excellent place for
the retention of disease germs.
House Flies reach their greatest
abundance in the hottest weath
er, and as the season begins to
wane their numbers are gradual
ly reduced. In the fall it is not
an uncommon sight to see flies on
the window panes surrounded by
.....
whitish ring or
the minute spores
halo made by
(seeds) of a
fungus disease. They are also
preyed upon by a small reddish
mite which attaches itself to the
body of the fly and sucks out its
rnr .i i.iii.j
juicea. many uwiers art! Kint'U j
I in various ways, so that by the !
'time winter sets in their numbers!
The House Fly i3 admirably fit-
ted as an acent to carrv diseases
His body is thickly clothed with
short hair and his well-known
habit of feeding on filth as well
as upon human food makes it an
excellent carrier of germs from
the one to the other. The dis
eases that it might carry in this
way are many, but the insect is
especially dangerous a3 a carrier
of the various intestinal diseases
such as typhoid fever. It is a
well-estimated fact that a person
who has contracted typhoid may
emit the typhoid disease germ
for several weeks previous to the
time that the disease becomes
marked enough to be recognized,
as well as for several weeks af
ter all symptoms have disappear
ed and the patient is evidently
cured. Now, a fly visiting the
deposits of such a person, either
to lay its eggs or to feed, is al
most sure to gather some of these
germs upon its feet and legs and
fly away, often only a short dis -
tance to the kitchen, there to
walk about over the food prepar
ed cr being prepared for the
table. And wherever he goes he
leaves behind him a track of dead
ly germs.
In New York City trap cages
were placed in various localities
about the city and careful counts
showed the greatest prevalence
of the House Fly during the hot
test part of midsummer, and
when compared with the statis
tics of the time of contraction of
all known case3 of intestinal dis
eases, were found to agree almost
perfectly. These diseases have
long been known a3 hot weather
diseases, and undoubtedly
the hot weather does reduce
the vitality of the patients, thus
making them more susceptible to
the disease. But that does not
alter the fact that it is necessary
for the germs to be carried from
one person to another, and House
Flies have been proven beyond
the shadow of a doubt to be ac
tive agents in carrying these
germs. Counts of the number
of germs on House Flies have
shown as high as 100,000 fecal
bacteria on a single individual.
It, naturally follows that the
greater the number of flies the
greater the number of germs
mifrin&TcaYrfed anu tAtffcrtateY)
the number of persons that are
apt to be infected.
In the same way the peculiar
germ of tuberculosis (consump
tion) may be spread from one in
dividual to another. The spu
tum ("spit") of a person with
tuberculosis swarms with bac
teria, and a fly crawling ovr
this sputum entangles many
germs among the hairs on its
legs only to fly away to some
kitchen or dining room, spread
ing the germs wherever it goes
and exposing persons to the
danger of the disease.
The above methods are by no
means the on v wav of spreading :
the diseases mentioned, but it I
seems quite evident that the !
House Fly is more to blame than
appears at first thought.
Remedies
It is very hard to control the
House Fly owing to its wide
spread abundance. The follow
ing considerations are given to
the more practical remedies;
Screens. All windows and
doors (especially those that are
opened frequently) should be
carefully screened. This applies
wim increasing lurce lu 81LK i
. n fi
rooms, to kitchens where rood is :
prepared, and to dining rooms j
where food is eaten. Care should ! Maxima lor the Married.
also be . "ien to see that odds j Never both be ai Try at once,
and ends of food are not alio wed j Never taunt with a past mis
to accumulate about kitchens as take
these act as very powerful at
tracting agents to House Flier,
If all foods were kept stored in
dark closets till ready to be used
and all waste scraps removed at
once, it would go a long way to
wards controlling this pest Peo
ple should insist also that meats
and other foods in stores and
markets be kept carefully screen
ed from flies.
Sticky Fly Papers. In addi
tion to screens on doors and win
dows, sticky fly papers should be
used in the house. Sticky papers
have their disadvantages, but
they are at the present time our
moss effective method of con
trolling the House Fly in houses
Continued to page i.
JUDCf ROBINSON'. STRONG
WORDS.
Think the President Has Ineulted
Every Republican Lawyer In the
Eaalarn Dlatnot.
Raleigh News and Observer.
Ex-Judge W. S. O'B. Robin
son, of Goldsboro, does not con
ceal his condemnation of the ac-
, tion of President Taft in giving
; the high office of judge of the
Federal Court in the eastern dis
trict of North Carolina to a Dem
ocrat Some of the ablest Dem
ocrats in the State had endorsed
Judge Robinson, as they had en
dorsed other Republican aspir
ants under the belief that the
vacancy would be filled by the
appointment of a member of the
party that elected Mr. Taft to
the presidency.
"What do you think of Mr.
Taft's refusal to appoint a Re
publican as judge, after he said
he would name a Republican if
he could find a suitable one in the
eastern district?" was the ques-
: tion put to Judge Robinson.
"I think," said the ex-judge,
with emphasis, "that it was a
direct insult to every Republican
lawyer in me aistnct l now
see no reason why any self-respecting
gentleman should join
the Republican party in North
Carolina.
"I do not hesitate to say that I
shall relieve my sons from any
filial obligation either to join or
remain in the party. If it were
not for the fact that I am so dis
honored and disgraced, so far as
Republican President can dis
grace or dishonor me, I would
quit the Republican party and
join the Democrats or the next
,i-ifiCTe be imjTucflTTh5rexptcitainaucinwuerserf-"
thing.
"My respect for the office of
President of my nation prevents
me from speaking of Mr. Taft
as my inclination now would
prompt me to do.
"I resented with due respect
the slurs that were cast upon
Mr. Taft when he was spoken of
so disparagingly by Democrats of
high standing last- year, but I
rather think they were right in
the estimate they then placed
upon him.
"I say this without one word
of criticism of Judge Connor.
He is an honorable gentleman, a
lawyer ot ability and has no su
berior upon the bench of any
State in the Union. He has more;
than once espoused my cause
I with warmth. He has rejoiced
; with me in my good fortune and
was with me in my great sorrow.
I would be more than a cirl if
I did not follow Scriptural in
junction as to Judge Connor and
rejoice with those who rejoice.
"But I can fay that I still have'
a burning contempt for President!
Taft If I could ue the verna-1
cular of the blackguard, I'd say
""' '"'"i "" mniie
degree Corroborate Ml Taft'-
s ei-
timate of my character."
. . .
Never meet without a loving
welcome.
Never forget the happy hours
of early love.
Never talk at one another", eith
er alone or in company.
Neglect the whole world be
sides rather than one another.
Never let the sun go down up
on anger or grievances.
Never speak loudly to one an
other unless the house is on fire.
Let each one strive to yield of
tenest to the wishes of the other.
Never make a remark
at the
it is a
expense of each
other,
meanness.
Never sigh over what might
have been, but mcv the most of
what is. Exchange
Clears Cet Te Year.
Statesville, May 20. -The May
term of Iredell Superior Court in
session here this week with Judge
Jones, of Winston, on the bench,
has disposed of a number of in
teresting cases, th most impor
tant of which were the cases
against Robert and Joe Cloer, the
noted chetk-flashers, who have
been confined in Iredell jail for
some months, although they made
a number of efforts to escape
from the jail. The Cloer broth
ers submitted to the two cases
againsi mem m mis county ana
their final sentence was two years
in the State penitentiary.
. e . e
j The Cloers are such smooth ar-
tides, however, that it is doubt
ed if they will remain in the pen
itentiary very long. Solicitor
Hammer urged Judge Jones to
send the forgers to the chain
gang because Sam Carlton, who
was convicted of arson at the
last term of Iredell court and
sentenced to the State prison,
escaped after serving only two
weeks, and the Cloers are "sharp-
er" than was Sam. In compli
ance with the solicitor's request
two years on the chain-gang, but
Mr. N. B. Mills, chairman of the
county commissioners, appeared
before the court and asked that
the prisoners be sent to the peni
tentiary instead, he believing
they would be as safe in the pen
itentiary as on the chain-gang.
The sentence was changed and
the noted Cloer brothers will go
to Raleigh.
The sentence imposed on the
Cloers 13 cjsidered rather light,
they ther-Hmitiing that
tence. There are cases against
Robert, however, in Surry, Mc
Dowell, Catawba, Wilkes, For
syth, Lincon and other counties
of the State, and when he finish
es his first term he will probably
be tried in some of those coun
ties and sent back to the pen.
Winston Sentinel to Build.
Winston-Salem, May 20. The
Sentinel Publishing Co. announc
ed to-day that it will erect at once
a modern newspaper building on
Liberty street, just off the court
house square. J. G. Zimmerman
is the architect The building
will be two stories in heighth, of
mill construction. The Sentinel
s the atternoon paper, and has
l0 gjve up present quarters in
the Gray Block, the site to form
part of the foundation of a new
structure for the Owens Drug
Company.
Brothers Fought Duel.
j Pensacola, Fla., May 21. Jos
I eph and Monk Bray, brothers,
to-day fought with shotguns and
Monk Bray met death. They
had uuarrelled over the dividinc
line some land. Monk Bray, it
is said, cursed his brotner and
the, leveled his shot ru and
with the statement, "I hate to
do it," fired, the contents enter-
ing the breast
who fell dead.
of the brother,
Young Cirla Are Violima.
of headache, as well as older women,
but all get quick relief and prompt cure
from Dr. King's New Life Pills, the
world's best remedy for sick and ner
vous headaches. They make pure blood,
and strong nerves and tuild up your
health. Try them 25c. at Aahcraft
Drug Co.
Sweet Potato Slips
It matters not where you live, you can raise Sweet Po
tatoes from my famous slips.
Yours truly,
JOHN A. YOUNG,
Greensboro, N. C.
Haw Oia) Majer Presetted a Serines.
A cold northeast storm swept
against the kitchen window and
Mr. Leeds, who was shaving,
paused long enough to inspect the
elements critically, then returned
to his former task.
'Terrible bad weather, this,"
j he said.
It would hardly be
merciful to take old Major out
this morning. I calculate we
would better stay home from
service to-day."
Mrs. Leeds stopped in her pre
parations and looked at her hus-
. band. "We aren't in the habit
'of staying home from church on
j account of the weather, father."
she said. "It don't seem the
proper thing to do, but it's for
you to say."
John came in the kitchen, bang
ing the door after him.
"It's getting worse every min
ute father. " he said. "We shall
need plenty of blankets. Old
Major is rough shod. I don't
think it will hurt him.
"We'll spend the day at home,
John; it hardly seems fair to take
the Major out such weather. A
righteous man considers the life
;f.hl3,ast' 13 "P11 doc
trine.
"I suppose the doctor and Mrs.
De Yoe will be there," said Mrs.
Leeds, mildly, as she seated her
self by the window with open
Bible in hand.
"Well, yes," said Mr. Leeds,
regretfully, "and I cilculate that
is about as far as numbers go to
day. Grandfather Strouble may
be there, but ha has only to step
out of his back door into the side
entrance of the church. It iff oo
to do."
So Mr. Leeds seated himself
with the church paper and John
sat pouring over a book until the
clock struck twelve, when Mrs.
Leeds rose to make preparations
for dinner.
"I'll run out and feed Major,"
said Johr. "It isn't storming
quite as hard as it was."
"Give him plenty of oats. You
know he always has extra on
Sundays."
"Father," cried John as he
came bounding into the kitchen,
forgetting to close the door in his
excitement "Old Major has
slipped his halter, and I can not
find him anywhere."
"Here he comes," said Mrs.
Leeds, "trotting along down the
road as sedately as you please. I
do believe he has been to church
after all."
Sure enough, just as Dr. and
Mrs. De Yoe were entering the
churchyard, struggling between
them to hold an umbrella, old
! Major walked up the drive, paus
1 ed a moment at the church porch,
J then sought the shed where he
had been sheltered every Sunday
i morning for eleven years.
' 'I never heard a sermon which
S,"'",. U ttat
j preached by old Major. " said Mr.
I Leeds, in recounting the incident
i later.
Mrs. Leeds was busy at the
kitchen sink, but she looked over
her shoulder in the direction of
Mr. Leeds and smiled. "We
aren't going to mind the weather
next time, are we, father?" she
said.
Look up our Premium Offer