I A A blu croaa urk hai ataara that jrour lutwcrip. Uaa la a jraar ba. bind ami that your papar will ba atop pad aalaaa ran mmk a parmant. Hi 1 "1 POX. .YaYAY MOUNT AIRY, NORTH CAROLINA, THURSDAY, MAY 27 1000 NO. 4o f 11 i J Hi IAS Or: THE HOUSE FLY tj Z. P. METCALr", Aiiutant Entomololt AortA CVirotmi StnU ttrpariment of Agriculture a Introduction. - From earliest times the House Fly has been known as a troublesome pest about the habitations of man, and at the present time it is distri buted over almost the entire globe. But it has been only with in the most recent years that the House Fly has been recognized in its true light that is, as a dan gerous enemy of mankind because it aids in the transmission of some of our worst infectious diseases, In the light of these facts there - fore, the House Fly take3 on a new interest, and it is the pur- pose of this circular to give some - thing of the life history of the House Fly, pointing out its rela - tion to diseases and suggesting some of the more practical reme - dies for its control. Life History The House Fly, like many oth er insects, passes through four distinct stages: (1) the egg, (2) the larva, (3) the pupa and (4) the adult The adult fly lays the eggs in a suitable place. Each egg hatches into a soft-bodied larva or "maggot," which in turn when full grown changes to a pupa, from which the adult fly emerges. This cycle is known as a generation. The number of venerations of house flies annuals abundance of food and other fac tors. And the fact that the gen erations are apt to overlap very much makes it hard to say just what the number of generation? is for any particular place. Tile number for this State would un doubtedly be from ten to four teen broods annually. - . In order to understand the House Fly better arid to be bet ter able to control it, it is neces sary to understand more of its life history by examining more in detail each ot the four stages ot its life. The Egg. -The egg of the House Fly is very small, whitish object shaped more or les3 like a slender grain of wheat and, like it, has a groove on the side. It would, however, take about twen ty of them laid end to end to make Ail iiiwiii Aanjr ui v tutu kj wtav adult fly, preferably in horse ma nure just beneath the surface. huwcvci, wie uy uua uueii miuwii to lay its eggs in cow dung, in ! ir... - u. i i i. - human excreta, in decayed veg- j tables and decayed meats. Al- though these latter are excep-; tional, they should be remember- eu as pussiuiu ureeuiug piatcs ui i i j: i this pest, though the maggots which commonly infest spoiled meats are""principally of other j are vastly reduced. The remain species which are distinct from ! ing individuals nide in out-of-the-the House Fly. The eggs are us- way places about buildings where ually placed in irregular clusters, j they pass the winter. In the The eggs hatch in favorable i spring they emerge, lay their weather in a few hours. In un- eggs and start another brood. favorable weather this Stage will Relation ol Houae Fly to Oiaeaaea be somewhat prolonged. But it is doubtful if it ever day Vfc much. At exceeds a I Raleigh in j middle October the time required was twenty-four hours. The Larva. The larva, o r "maggots,' as they are called, are at first very small,' but they grow rapidly, shedding their skins three times, and when full grown are about one-third of an inch long, pointed at the other end. In hot weather during mid-1 summer the larva may become ! full grown in five days, but later i in the season or in cooler weath er the length of the larval life i I becomes much longer. The time required at Raleigh in October was from ten to eleven days. The Pupa.-The last or third time that the lava molts it chang es to a resting stage or pupa within the larval skin which turns brown, dries and wrinkles! up, forming a hard protective covering for the soft-bodied whit ish pupa within. This is known as a pupariuin. This stage also may be as short as five days in ! summer but varies remarkably i wiw me weatner conditions ana j the House Fly often passes the ! winter in this pupa condition, emerging as an adult in the 1 spring. At Raleigh in October j nine days were required for the 1 completion of this stage. The Adult. -The adult House Flv i3 a familiar object to all, yet it is apt to be confused with oth er kinds of flies which are often j found in houses. But at least ! 95 per cent of all of the flies found in our houses are the true House Fly. Another fly often found in houses is the so-called "stable fly" which sperficially resembles the House Fly very much. But the stable fly has sharp pointed mouth parts capable of piercing the human skin, whereas the mouth-parts of at the end and are adapted only to lapping up liquids and are in no way capable of piercing hu man skin. The presence of the stable fly about houses, especial ly just before rains, has led to the popular and erroneous notion that House Flies bite before a rain. The true House Fly is a dull grayish fly about one-fourth of an inch long with it body streak ed with blackish-gray. The body of the House Fly and especially v; feet and legs are densely cov- vered with minute hairs, which form a most convenient place for the lodgment of filth of all kinds, and hence an excellent place for the retention of disease germs. House Flies reach their greatest abundance in the hottest weath er, and as the season begins to wane their numbers are gradual ly reduced. In the fall it is not an uncommon sight to see flies on the window panes surrounded by ..... whitish ring or the minute spores halo made by (seeds) of a fungus disease. They are also preyed upon by a small reddish mite which attaches itself to the body of the fly and sucks out its rnr .i i.iii.j juicea. many uwiers art! Kint'U j I in various ways, so that by the ! 'time winter sets in their numbers! The House Fly i3 admirably fit- ted as an acent to carrv diseases His body is thickly clothed with short hair and his well-known habit of feeding on filth as well as upon human food makes it an excellent carrier of germs from the one to the other. The dis eases that it might carry in this way are many, but the insect is especially dangerous a3 a carrier of the various intestinal diseases such as typhoid fever. It is a well-estimated fact that a person who has contracted typhoid may emit the typhoid disease germ for several weeks previous to the time that the disease becomes marked enough to be recognized, as well as for several weeks af ter all symptoms have disappear ed and the patient is evidently cured. Now, a fly visiting the deposits of such a person, either to lay its eggs or to feed, is al most sure to gather some of these germs upon its feet and legs and fly away, often only a short dis - tance to the kitchen, there to walk about over the food prepar ed cr being prepared for the table. And wherever he goes he leaves behind him a track of dead ly germs. In New York City trap cages were placed in various localities about the city and careful counts showed the greatest prevalence of the House Fly during the hot test part of midsummer, and when compared with the statis tics of the time of contraction of all known case3 of intestinal dis eases, were found to agree almost perfectly. These diseases have long been known a3 hot weather diseases, and undoubtedly the hot weather does reduce the vitality of the patients, thus making them more susceptible to the disease. But that does not alter the fact that it is necessary for the germs to be carried from one person to another, and House Flies have been proven beyond the shadow of a doubt to be ac tive agents in carrying these germs. Counts of the number of germs on House Flies have shown as high as 100,000 fecal bacteria on a single individual. It, naturally follows that the greater the number of flies the greater the number of germs mifrin&TcaYrfed anu tAtffcrtateY) the number of persons that are apt to be infected. In the same way the peculiar germ of tuberculosis (consump tion) may be spread from one in dividual to another. The spu tum ("spit") of a person with tuberculosis swarms with bac teria, and a fly crawling ovr this sputum entangles many germs among the hairs on its legs only to fly away to some kitchen or dining room, spread ing the germs wherever it goes and exposing persons to the danger of the disease. The above methods are by no means the on v wav of spreading : the diseases mentioned, but it I seems quite evident that the ! House Fly is more to blame than appears at first thought. Remedies It is very hard to control the House Fly owing to its wide spread abundance. The follow ing considerations are given to the more practical remedies; Screens. All windows and doors (especially those that are opened frequently) should be carefully screened. This applies wim increasing lurce lu 81LK i . n fi rooms, to kitchens where rood is : prepared, and to dining rooms j where food is eaten. Care should ! Maxima lor the Married. also be . "ien to see that odds j Never both be ai Try at once, and ends of food are not alio wed j Never taunt with a past mis to accumulate about kitchens as take these act as very powerful at tracting agents to House Flier, If all foods were kept stored in dark closets till ready to be used and all waste scraps removed at once, it would go a long way to wards controlling this pest Peo ple should insist also that meats and other foods in stores and markets be kept carefully screen ed from flies. Sticky Fly Papers. In addi tion to screens on doors and win dows, sticky fly papers should be used in the house. Sticky papers have their disadvantages, but they are at the present time our moss effective method of con trolling the House Fly in houses Continued to page i. JUDCf ROBINSON'. STRONG WORDS. Think the President Has Ineulted Every Republican Lawyer In the Eaalarn Dlatnot. Raleigh News and Observer. Ex-Judge W. S. O'B. Robin son, of Goldsboro, does not con ceal his condemnation of the ac- , tion of President Taft in giving ; the high office of judge of the Federal Court in the eastern dis trict of North Carolina to a Dem ocrat Some of the ablest Dem ocrats in the State had endorsed Judge Robinson, as they had en dorsed other Republican aspir ants under the belief that the vacancy would be filled by the appointment of a member of the party that elected Mr. Taft to the presidency. "What do you think of Mr. Taft's refusal to appoint a Re publican as judge, after he said he would name a Republican if he could find a suitable one in the eastern district?" was the ques- : tion put to Judge Robinson. "I think," said the ex-judge, with emphasis, "that it was a direct insult to every Republican lawyer in me aistnct l now see no reason why any self-respecting gentleman should join the Republican party in North Carolina. "I do not hesitate to say that I shall relieve my sons from any filial obligation either to join or remain in the party. If it were not for the fact that I am so dis honored and disgraced, so far as Republican President can dis grace or dishonor me, I would quit the Republican party and join the Democrats or the next ,i-ifiCTe be imjTucflTTh5rexptcitainaucinwuerserf-" thing. "My respect for the office of President of my nation prevents me from speaking of Mr. Taft as my inclination now would prompt me to do. "I resented with due respect the slurs that were cast upon Mr. Taft when he was spoken of so disparagingly by Democrats of high standing last- year, but I rather think they were right in the estimate they then placed upon him. "I say this without one word of criticism of Judge Connor. He is an honorable gentleman, a lawyer ot ability and has no su berior upon the bench of any State in the Union. He has more; than once espoused my cause I with warmth. He has rejoiced ; with me in my good fortune and was with me in my great sorrow. I would be more than a cirl if I did not follow Scriptural in junction as to Judge Connor and rejoice with those who rejoice. "But I can fay that I still have' a burning contempt for President! Taft If I could ue the verna-1 cular of the blackguard, I'd say ""' '"'"i "" mniie degree Corroborate Ml Taft'- s ei- timate of my character." . . . Never meet without a loving welcome. Never forget the happy hours of early love. Never talk at one another", eith er alone or in company. Neglect the whole world be sides rather than one another. Never let the sun go down up on anger or grievances. Never speak loudly to one an other unless the house is on fire. Let each one strive to yield of tenest to the wishes of the other. Never make a remark at the it is a expense of each other, meanness. Never sigh over what might have been, but mcv the most of what is. Exchange Clears Cet Te Year. Statesville, May 20. -The May term of Iredell Superior Court in session here this week with Judge Jones, of Winston, on the bench, has disposed of a number of in teresting cases, th most impor tant of which were the cases against Robert and Joe Cloer, the noted chetk-flashers, who have been confined in Iredell jail for some months, although they made a number of efforts to escape from the jail. The Cloer broth ers submitted to the two cases againsi mem m mis county ana their final sentence was two years in the State penitentiary. . e . e j The Cloers are such smooth ar- tides, however, that it is doubt ed if they will remain in the pen itentiary very long. Solicitor Hammer urged Judge Jones to send the forgers to the chain gang because Sam Carlton, who was convicted of arson at the last term of Iredell court and sentenced to the State prison, escaped after serving only two weeks, and the Cloers are "sharp- er" than was Sam. In compli ance with the solicitor's request two years on the chain-gang, but Mr. N. B. Mills, chairman of the county commissioners, appeared before the court and asked that the prisoners be sent to the peni tentiary instead, he believing they would be as safe in the pen itentiary as on the chain-gang. The sentence was changed and the noted Cloer brothers will go to Raleigh. The sentence imposed on the Cloers 13 cjsidered rather light, they ther-Hmitiing that tence. There are cases against Robert, however, in Surry, Mc Dowell, Catawba, Wilkes, For syth, Lincon and other counties of the State, and when he finish es his first term he will probably be tried in some of those coun ties and sent back to the pen. Winston Sentinel to Build. Winston-Salem, May 20. The Sentinel Publishing Co. announc ed to-day that it will erect at once a modern newspaper building on Liberty street, just off the court house square. J. G. Zimmerman is the architect The building will be two stories in heighth, of mill construction. The Sentinel s the atternoon paper, and has l0 gjve up present quarters in the Gray Block, the site to form part of the foundation of a new structure for the Owens Drug Company. Brothers Fought Duel. j Pensacola, Fla., May 21. Jos I eph and Monk Bray, brothers, to-day fought with shotguns and Monk Bray met death. They had uuarrelled over the dividinc line some land. Monk Bray, it is said, cursed his brotner and the, leveled his shot ru and with the statement, "I hate to do it," fired, the contents enter- ing the breast who fell dead. of the brother, Young Cirla Are Violima. of headache, as well as older women, but all get quick relief and prompt cure from Dr. King's New Life Pills, the world's best remedy for sick and ner vous headaches. They make pure blood, and strong nerves and tuild up your health. Try them 25c. at Aahcraft Drug Co. Sweet Potato Slips It matters not where you live, you can raise Sweet Po tatoes from my famous slips. Yours truly, JOHN A. YOUNG, Greensboro, N. C. Haw Oia) Majer Presetted a Serines. A cold northeast storm swept against the kitchen window and Mr. Leeds, who was shaving, paused long enough to inspect the elements critically, then returned to his former task. 'Terrible bad weather, this," j he said. It would hardly be merciful to take old Major out this morning. I calculate we would better stay home from service to-day." Mrs. Leeds stopped in her pre parations and looked at her hus- . band. "We aren't in the habit 'of staying home from church on j account of the weather, father." she said. "It don't seem the proper thing to do, but it's for you to say." John came in the kitchen, bang ing the door after him. "It's getting worse every min ute father. " he said. "We shall need plenty of blankets. Old Major is rough shod. I don't think it will hurt him. "We'll spend the day at home, John; it hardly seems fair to take the Major out such weather. A righteous man considers the life ;f.hl3,ast' 13 "P11 doc trine. "I suppose the doctor and Mrs. De Yoe will be there," said Mrs. Leeds, mildly, as she seated her self by the window with open Bible in hand. "Well, yes," said Mr. Leeds, regretfully, "and I cilculate that is about as far as numbers go to day. Grandfather Strouble may be there, but ha has only to step out of his back door into the side entrance of the church. It iff oo to do." So Mr. Leeds seated himself with the church paper and John sat pouring over a book until the clock struck twelve, when Mrs. Leeds rose to make preparations for dinner. "I'll run out and feed Major," said Johr. "It isn't storming quite as hard as it was." "Give him plenty of oats. You know he always has extra on Sundays." "Father," cried John as he came bounding into the kitchen, forgetting to close the door in his excitement "Old Major has slipped his halter, and I can not find him anywhere." "Here he comes," said Mrs. Leeds, "trotting along down the road as sedately as you please. I do believe he has been to church after all." Sure enough, just as Dr. and Mrs. De Yoe were entering the churchyard, struggling between them to hold an umbrella, old ! Major walked up the drive, paus 1 ed a moment at the church porch, J then sought the shed where he had been sheltered every Sunday i morning for eleven years. ' 'I never heard a sermon which S,"'",. U ttat j preached by old Major. " said Mr. I Leeds, in recounting the incident i later. Mrs. Leeds was busy at the kitchen sink, but she looked over her shoulder in the direction of Mr. Leeds and smiled. "We aren't going to mind the weather next time, are we, father?" she said. Look up our Premium Offer

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