fOL. XL
MO. 3C
AMERICANS NATURALLY
ARC ADEPT IN PLYING.
Fact Tkat 17 IU KtlUd
at Tom Aviatioa Station*
Causa* Littla Alarm.
Dalaa, Tax**, F*b. it. -Th* Am*r
tean youth hsa • u*tur*l aptitud* far
fly in*. It w*a rivnlxl and U b*ing
d*v*lop*d in a*v*n aviation training
■tation* in Tula and, during tha win
tar flyam have b**n turnad out froot
than with a proficancy and in nun
bars that hava fully aatiaftad tha
American ofllcara and hava provad al
moat startling to instructors from tha
alliad armiaa who ara hara to giv* th*
Amaru-ana th* advantage of th*ir ax
pa rtanca and knowledge.
Thara ara aix A mar if an and on*
British aviation cam pa ar* at Forth
Worth, San Antonio, Houston, Waco,
Dal la* and Wichita Falls. At Forth
Worth, th* royal flying rorpa, a camp
of young Canadian* trained by Britiah
ulDrtri, ar* in daily competition with
th* Am*ricana in an adjoining camp.
A goodly number of young Americana
also are enlisted with the Canadian*
and are receiving their training under
the direction of British officer*.
A regard for military secrecy pro
hibit* relating the total number of
student* who have taken to the air
here this winter. It reaches a figure
that gives great comfort to the mili
tary men who know, and compared
with the total advancement made by
th* men, the number of accidents re
ported has been surprisingly small,
it is stated.
rue death or vernon t astie wnue
flying at the British camp at Fort
Worth February 16 brought the total
number of men killed in airplane ac
cidents in all seven camp* up to 57
The British flyer* at Fort Worth hav«
loat far more than any of the Ameri
can camps. The high fatality record
among the British, It is .-aid, is the di
rect result of the more strenuous sys
tem of practice and drill which they
use. Forty-three deaths have oc
curred at the two camps at Fort
Worth, while Houston, next in the
list, has been seven.
"They kill more at Fort Worth be
cause they fly more" is the way a
young aviator officer explained the
great difference in the morality lists.
The British theory is that the men
.should receive early instructions in all
the difficult work they will have to do
in actual service, while the American
trainers spend a larger part of their
time in drilling the fundamentals of
flying. The young Canadians go into
the air early for flights that are for
bidden in the camps under United
States control. They are taught the
spirals, the dives and the loops that
are a part of actual war flying and so
it is that if their mortality list seems
out of proportion to those in the
other camps, the British officers are
not displeased with the accomplish
ments of the men under them.
I he San Automo station has hail
three fatalities, Dallas, Waco, one
each anii Wichita Falls two. Waco
and Wichita Kails had perfect records
until the week ending February se
cond when at Waco a pilot was killed
in a collision with another machine in
midair, and a cadet at Wichita Falls
lost his life when his machine fell.
Several of the killed have been civ
ilians or mechanics. In the early
days of the American camp at Fort
Worth, a mechanic wa» struck by a
propeller when the engine back fired.
There was a similar accident only re
cently when a college student examin
ing an airplane which had landed on
the campus of the Texas Christian un
iversity, got too near the propelled,
lie was struck on the head and killed
almost instantly. At Denton, Tex.,
recently an aviator from Fort Worth
stopped in a flight and was persuaded
into taking a civilian as a passenger.
The airplane had hardly rleaied the
ground when trouble came. The plane
crashed, killing the civilian and in
juring the aviator.
An aviator from Ellington fleld
Houston, recently ran out of gasoline
• ibert distance from Bey City aad
telephoned for fuel. An automobile
mechente who brough the (twltee
persuaded the pilot to take him for a
ride, and aa accident resulted, the
plane falling when only a few hun
dred feet In the air. The mechanic
wae killed and the aviator injured.
San Antonio Acid ia said to be the i
largest in Teaaa. Balloon observa
tion ia taught there ia addition to By
inf. The atudenta are moatly men
from the signal rorpa.
Thia city will aoon have two fields.
Love fleld, the ramp now established,
and a larger one already under con
struction at the State fair grounda
which have been loaaed the govern
ment for training purposes. Thia will
be named Camp Dick In honor of the
first and only aviator killed at Love
field. It will be used chiefly as a
preparatory school for ground train
ing.
There ia a rigid ban against visi
tors at all camps. At Love field, vis
itor caught with a camera was held
until all the negatives were developed
and showed nothing of a prohibited
nature had been pictured.
An unexpected effect of the fre
quent presence in the air of the flying
machines has been the almost total
disappearance of birds from the
neighborhoods of the ramps. Wild
doves which have heretofore been
common flying in flocks in northern
Texas, are never seen within miles of
a camp, and in their northward spring
flights, the game birds, the ducks and
geeoe are conspicuous by their ab
sence from the skies about Fort
Worth in particular.
The boys in th<; British camp have
made much progress during the warm
winter, so different from the snows of
the Canadian winter, and are in the
air almost constantly. Scarcely a
passenger train enters Fort Worth
but it is welcomed by nn airplane or I
so, and flights to the city from the;
camp, 40 miles away, for social pur-'
poses are made every (lay.
W. S. S.
Each Battle Plane Need*
Extra Equipment.
After three years of warfare the
total number of airplanes able to take
the air any one time on either sidu
of the western front has not been over
2,500. Each plane in the air require*
a force of 46 men. two replacement
planes on the frround, and one train
ing for every pilot who eventually
reaches the front, with an extra en-:
gine for each plane.
The life of a plane is not more than
two months, and the engine murt be
overhauled after each 75 hours. Now
that American battle plane are g».
ing oversea*, the great problem is to
secure the thousands of skilled me
chanics, enginemei., motor repair
men, wood and metal workers needed'
to keep the planes in perfect con li-'
tion. This engineering and mechani-l
cal force at the airdromes, the flying
fields, and repair depots, both hero
and behind the lines in France, is a
vital industrial link in the chain to
air supremacy.
W. S. 8.
I
Remove* Many Officers
From the declaration of war to Feb
ruary 23, the Surgeon General of the
Army has removed 1.^50 officer* of
the Medical Reserve Corps. In the
following table the reason asigned for
discharge does not isolate under "in
aptitude for the service" all tho*e
whose dismissal was in considerable
degree due to inefficiency or incompe-!
tency, since these reasons had weight
in many cases otherwise classified. I
Discharges for physical disability.!
411; inaptitude for the service, 164; to!
join other branches, 3<Xi; demestic dif-[i
ticulties, 50; resignation, 88; needeil
by communities, hospitals, schools, 32. j
During the same time there have
been 2,266 promotion* including some <
officers promoted more than one*. ;
HALF MILLION CHECKS
SENT TO DEPENDENTS.
HiaMlrwit mi Tjrpitii Labor am
TImm Documents far troop't
IUUUtm.
Wukuitoi, March #.—The last of
be February pay check*, carrytn*
noney allotments by aoldkari and aaJl
>r« and government allow ancea to
.heir dependenta at honia, want iato
.ha maila today. Mora than tiOOfiUv
'hack* Kara boon written and an ea
raordinary affort haa baan made to
lava tha dapandanta cat lhair allow -
tncai aarly in tha month.
Tha averare amount of aach check
a about I2B and tha total monthly din
>ur>rraant runa above fl'J.OOO.OMJ.
LUually tha allotment from tha aol
liar'» pay ia about fl6, and tha gov
• rnment family allowance about $10,
:ha exact amount being fixed by the
lumber of dependenta.
rhree ahifta of clerka have been at
■fork. Acres of typiata—23(H) of them
!4 hour* of every day t ■ «.■ clattered
iway on batteriea of tj pewrittera in
■everal of the largest floor spaces in
Washington—a commandeered dance
lall above the municipal market, an
iliandoned hoapital, and a factory
>uilding recently remodeled.
Regardless of the wholesale quanti
:y of document*, each letter and each
•heck U regarded an a distinct hu
nan document, or instruction of the
Jirector of the bureau, William C.
Delancy. Every woman typist and
nan sorting clerk has been impressed
«ith the idea that the welfare of a
■oldier's family may depend on the
ipeed, accuracy and personal interest
ihown by the bureau's workers.
So this is the task and the spirit
>f one of the governaowt's greatest
>ureaus, the treasury department'!
mreau of war risk insurance. Con
gressional criticism of delays in the
iistribution of allotment and allow
ince have been met with assurance
hut superlative promptness, impos
little in the past because of the dis
>rder following the sudden creation
>f a new system to supplant the old
[tension plan, will lie displayed in the
ruture.
The bureau expects to have check *
'or Marh remittances ready for mail
ng on the morning of April 1 and by
:hat time much of the vast human ma
•hine which has been built for pre
paring the pay checks will be scrap
x-iK Machines will do the work bet
ter, it is expected, than men and wom
sn.
In the meanwhile, this is the way
.he human machine works:
Experts in office management have
levised special schemes of office
•outine. More than two thousand
,'oung men and girls cannot lie man
iged efflcietly by haphazard methods.'
Regular recreation periods in the mid-1
lie of the morning and afternoon are|
jrovided. There is a piano and a gra
nhaphone, and the girls may dance'
luring the short recess. The man-1
igers say that they do 30 per cent. ■
letter work as a result. There is a
unch room, operated at cost. Then
•ureau has a supervising matron,
vho advises the girl employes, most
if whom have come to Washington re
cently for war time employment on
latriotic grounds. She helps them ob
ain lodging, rooms and in other ways.
Speedy typists are carefully chosen
rom the throng, and arranged at the
ong work desks in the center of a
Croup of slower workers. This ar
angement promotes group speed, and
>etter office morale, the efficiency men
n charge declare, Fionde girls are as
ligned to places l«tween brunettes,
for the bureau management helieve«'
ilonds are of more nervous tempera-1
nent, and the brunettes provide a
toadying influence J
Each check is typed individually,'
ind a government law provides that
hecks also must he >igned individual
y, rather than stamped mechanically
l"he signing is a big task. Signature
luplicating machnles are used, 10
heck* being signed by each original
•IfMtw* of • pay tWrh.
f.wm the choir* of pay clerka U a
Womb in eOciaacy. Not pecaoaiaHty.
not training but lawgth of patronymic
auio la the determining factor. Man
with abort namaa work at the at gulag
machines, for mora abort namca cm
ba »igne<l dally than lone namaa. TM»
U the raaaon the job* are hold by K.
Hibba. D. Mill*. J. L. BaU. G. A.
Ball, and M. Cox.
Yat with all tha efficiency mathoda
of tbia <«g office, it muat shortly go
Into diacard bafora tha automatic
aback writing maehinaa, now baing
perfected by M. E. Bailey, tha chiaf
dlat'uraing dark. Thaaa maehinaa, by
a aingla operation will atamp tha
aback with tha nana of tha payaa,
the amount, the addraaa, tha nana of
tit* soldier, hia organisation aign and
tbr serial number of tha chock.
In addition to this disbursement
Work, tha buraau'a lifa inauranca bua
inesa includea tha racalpt and claaai
Acation of 40,000 application* daily
from men in ram pa. for an aggregate
of $300,000,000 of Inauranca. Tha
total number of applications received
up to the precent ia about 1,200,000
and tha total value of pollciea bought
it more than $10,000,000,000.
W. S. 8.
American Troops Hold
Front, of Eight Mile*.
Washington, March 6.—American
troop* a re now holding something
over eight miles of trenches on the
battle front in France, it was learned
today, although in an airplane their
frontage is only about four and a
half miles. This frontage is liable
to extension at any time to the regu
lar trench allotment for an army
corps.
Irregularity of the trench lines is
responsible for their eight miles of
length. They are laid out so that
flanking (Ire may be obtained along
every part of the front. Strong points
containing machine guns put out for
this purpose. The trenches also fol
low closely any protective slope of the
country and wander up and down hill.
The American sector is understood
to be a divisional frontage, whicV
means that at least three divisions o
American troops are there to give the
necessary support in depth for the
front lines. This fact has aroused
speculation here as to who will be se
lected by General Pershing to com
mand the first corps or his army.
Maj.-Gen- Hunter Liggett is known to
have acted in that capacity, but as yet
the expeditionary commander has not
made any recommendation.
It is possible that the French sys
tem will be followed in the American
army so far as the appointment of
corps commanders goes. It is the
custom in France to select any one of
the division commanders in a corps
and to place him at the head of the
corps. He retains his rank as divis
ion commander, however, and in the
case of the American army thar would
be a major general.
w. s. s.
Loose Dog* Taboo Now
On Streets of Town.
(Jroensboro News.
With the early spring, comes an
early onler from the commissioners of
public safety against running at large
of dogs. J. Henry Phipps yesterday
issued a "warning" to dog owners of
the city to keep them olT the side
walks and streets of the town, unless
they are attached to leading string
and accompanied by someone respon
sible for them.
In discussing the dog yesterday in
the board meeting, J. («. Foushee, the'
commissioner of public works, said he
thought the dog tax of the city should '
be raised to #t> a year. It was agreed
that this would result in the elimina
tion of all but very greatly admired
pets, and would lead perhaps to thin
ning out the dog population which is
a menace to the people and In a meas
ure to property. But the other com
misioners did not agree with the $15
fee plan and no step was taken to in
crease the levy on the dog. ,
GERMANS AMERT THEY
DO NOT FEAR AMERICA
AmHcmm is Germany ara
Gra«tly Restricted.
N.w York. March 10.—"Tha Gar
man praaa ka nnfully m4 adroitly
continuing to foatar tha idaa uw»(
tha Garman paopia that Afflarira ta
not raalljr in aarnaat about tha war,"
daclarad Dr. A. N. Davta. today in dia
cuaalng tha aituation ka Barlin a« ka
laft it juat ovar • month ago. Dr.,
Davia formerly of Ptqua, O, la tha
Amarican daotiat who llrad In tha
Garman capital for IB yaara and num
harad Emparor William among hia
patianta.
r.vmry mnr, is rwing man« to M
little America—rven the highest offi
cials are attempting to convey the im
pression that Germany has little to
fear from the United State*. Prac
tically nothing is printed concerning
America except the President'! ad
dresses on war aim* and the possible
ba*is of a permanent peace. Even
these are treated hy the paper* as if
the President were * peaking as a sort
of detached parson whose interest
was the welfare of the world; not
with the idea that they represented
the earnest determination of the
American people to see the war
through to a successful conclusion.
"Not until Germany begins to feel
the military pressure of the United
States will the people realize the new
condition* that confront them. Then
I predict, the fostered enmity toward
England will he a* nothing to the ha
tred that will be poured out by the in
* pi red pre** against America.
"The American business men who
took advantage of the nine months'
treaty between the United State* and
Germany to wind up business affairs
as far as possible, were kept under
the closest surveillance by the police
at all times and were not permitted to
lenve the city without special permits.
To go to a race meeting 10 miles out
of Berlin, it i* necessary to apply for
a permit at leant a month in advance.
"The thing that has impressed me
most since my return to America is
the freedom we accord to German sub
jects over hefe. It seems to me as if
no restrictions were placed upon them
. whatever. In Germany, every time
| some new regulation was adopted re
garding the Americans, the excuse
was given that the United States was
treating Germans harshly and there
must be some retaliation. The Ger
man people themselves are restricted
in their movements, and no person ia
allowed to travel without a special
identification pass which may be de
manded as many as five times during
a short journey.
"The slightest little things will re
sult in a curtailment >f an American's
privileges. The most privileged Amer
icans must report to (he Berlin police!
twice weekly and ha\e their papers'
stamped. These papers show just'
what the bearer of them is permitted I
to do, what hours he must keep, and
where he is permitted to go.
"There are not half a dozen Ameri
cans in Berlin who are not anxious to
Vet home. Many of them are having'
trouble to get permission. I first ap-'
plied to leave last August, but was
refused. Some time later I managed
to obtain a permit for my wife and),
child and they came to America long j
before I was permitted to Wave. The
story that I traveled on a special
pass signed by the kaiser is wrong.
I had the same police authority grant
ed to every other American who has
left within the past few months. And
like those other Americans, I did not {
feel happy until I landed here in New
York, where I inte.id to rem'ain."
Mr. Davis said a German offensive
in the west had been freely talked
about in Berlin sine* last November.
"Many people have suggested to me
that if Germany really intended an
offensive, she would not be talking
about it much," he explained. "That
is a wrong theory. We heard about
(on tt began. The Kariw gi.t trauai
the Italian <ffensi ve tor mumth. be
lli the mum way, and I an rmtinol
Germany inland* to strike Wttnl
kard blow* tvtn if daw rw.t have
Mi Idea at Ixwklitf the al
Itaa Una.
The fend supply is critical in Ber
lia and Haiaburr, but in tba less ron
cested district all raporU lay there
te comparatively plenty. 7>ie difl
rulties ara in many caees those of
transportation and reetrirtion again
•t transporting food from ona pro
vince, or >tatf, into another,
"The raal Americans who ware com
pelled to remain in Germany for I
time aftar the war was declared did
not loee one ounce of their American
ism. They submitted without a mur
mur or complaint to every reatrk
tion that was placed upon them, and
only hided the time that they could
safely and legitimately get away.
Many of them bad to make big per
sonal sacrifices, of course, bat they
did it cheerfully and loyally, and have
rome back to America with an even
keener appreciation of patriotism then
most of those who have never been
gfcwd." .. . ■ . V
W. 8. S
Will RerlMiify all Men
inThe inwiJ Draft.
Washington March 7.— Reclaasifica
tion according to physical condition of
the men railed in the next army ilraft
is provided in revised instructions for
medical advisory hoards which are he
me sent to the local board* th igh
out the country. The new regulation*
made public tonight, require that
every man summoned before the
board shall be placed in one of the fol
lowing fou classes:
(A> Acceptable for general mili
tary service; (B) acceptable for gen
eral military service after being cured
of remedical defects; (C) acceptable
for special or limited military ser
vice in a specified capacity or occupa
tion; (D) rejected and exempted from
any military service.
It is the intention of the provost
marshal general to provide later for
the further investigation ai.d classi
fication of the men acceptable for
limited or special service so that rec
ord may he made of the sort of work
each of these men may be assigned to
do without endangering hii health.
Under the new regulations, mdny
ailments and defects which gained ex
emption of drafted men in the past
now will result only in their being
listed in group B. Such men if they
choose will tie given the privilege of
securing the services of their family
physicians in the effort to remove the
defect, but if they have not availed
themselves of this privilege within a
specified time, they will be called into
military service and ordered to a can
tonment base hospital, a reconstruc
tion hospital or to a civic hospital, as
may be designated by the sugeon gen
eral.
W. S.S. •
To Prepare for the Third Loan.
Washington, March 1.—To prepare
in advance for the third Liberty loan,
«en parties of three or more speaker*
■ach will start tours early this month,
risiting severel towns a day and
issisting local committee* to organize
jublicity and other campaign work
for the big drive which probably will
>e in April. One speaker in each
>arty, the Liberty Loan publicity
iureau announced today, will be a
Jnited States soldier who has seen
lervice in France and one will be a
roaaan.
Definite plana have been made (or
hrec partier, which will start March
it on tours reapecelively of the R>{fc
nond, Va., Atlanta and Dalas federal
■©serve Districts.
A Hillious Attack.
When you have a hillious attack
rour liver fails to perform iU faoc
ions. You become constipated. Tfce
nod you eat ferments in your stoaaaeti
nstead of digesting. This tnfWase*
he stomach and causa* nausea, vqwJt
ng and a terrible hMdafbe. Take
>tamber Iain's Tab! eta. Tbey vB
one up your liver, clean oat year
tomsrti and yea will eeoa be a* wwB
ta ever. Tbey or.ly eeat a qparter.