tmmmk* ami
will ba
2CI)t flloxuu 3tifu Metos
?0Z. XL
MOUJfl AIRY, JfORTR CAROL! V I. tL ;*9DAY. APRIL 25, 1918.
MO. 41
THE MAKING OF
AN AIRPLANE.
Tbe time, labor and malarial which
■■ koto the auk lug if a war plane ara
aat forth by LtouC-Col. Hlraia Bing
haw. Signal Corj.*, U. 8. A, I* a
•aanauniration to tha National Geo
graphical Society, a part nf which is
made public aa tha folluwlng war ga
•*rer»hy
"Let ma try to depict by rough pic
ture a plana in tha making. Sup
pom, for in*t*nce, you were Mt to
driving 4.328 nailn ami .1,377 ncrawa.
Undoubtedly thai would ba quite a
taak—a total of 7 7 1 «c pa rale opera
tion*. Well, when you had reached
the 5,000 mark you could truthfully
be told that you had done lea* than
two-thirdx of the work of this iiort
required for a single airplane. (Thexe
figure* arc for a Gaining plane; for a
French battleplane 23,000 screw* ara
aaul to be needed.) .Somehow a planej
look* ho Himple and floats no grace
fully thru the air that we Io*e all
thought of the nkill that goe» into ita
making.
"Just recently we have received
aome figure* of the material which ia
required for one simpler training
piano For instance, 21 steel stamp
ing-: must be cut out, 79H forging*
«s*t, and 276 turn-buckle*, all for a
single machine.
"Think, then, of the hundred* of
thousands of such piece- needed for
the thousands of plane* in the Ameri
can proffiam and of now utterly hope
less the situation would be if thoiie
parts were not standarized, turned |
out by machinery in tens of thousand
and usunble in scores of different fac
tories in any kind of plane. The re
duction of aircraft manufacture to the
simplest, standardized, quantity pro
duction buii ha* been on* at Amer
ica's (rreat triumphs in the air and an
achievement which eery soon will be
making itself felt.
"But metal must »e used in an air
plane as little as possible. It is alto-;
(ether too heavy, especially when a
few extra pounds make all the margin
in speed between victory and defeat.
An engine of 300-horse-power is in"
itself enormou.-ly heavy to rise into
the air; so that the rest of the ma
chine must attain the very acme of
lightness.
"The very lightness, however, en
tails enormous strength and perfect
adjustment. Think of the strain
which is exerted on every wire and j
nut, every inch of linen, and every bit!
of wood as this 3(K>horse-power mech
anism rushes thru the air as 150 miles
an hour. Cyclones often do not go as
fast, and we can seasily picture what J
happens to a strongly-built house
when tiie air strikes it at that speed.
"But if the strain is great simply'
because of high speed, what must it be'
when a plane suddenly careens down-j
ward taking a tremendous pressure
off one part and hurling it upon an
other. It is that kind of sharp, sud
den, unevenly distributed shock which j
allows the slightest tap of a knife to
crack an egg or the explosion of a
depth bomb to crush in the unpre-l
pared side of a submarine. Obviously j
a plane must be built so skillfully and'
of such perfect material as to with
stand not only the pressure of the cy
clone speed, but also the added shocks
of its sudden evolutions.
"The one material which (fives this
double characteristic of strength with
lightness in spruce; not the ordinary
apruce, but a super-selected spruce
from the giant tree* of the 1'ncific
const. Few would believe that thia
would present much of a problem with
America'* vast resources; hut when
one consider* that only a small frac
tion of the very he*t spruce 1* usable
at all, and that the war has vastly
increased the demand for that, the
difficulty will begin to appear. Let
me explain this in detail.
"The ideal trees for airplane spruce
are the fine old patriarch*, scarce
enough at beat, which have a girth, of
•boat 14 feet and run up 160 feet
without a branch. Now whan thin
aplendid wood U rat 52 par eoiit la
thrown out at ran—tho part in tho
heart where tho grain I) too einnUw
and tho part at tho cirrumferenea,
whore tho grain li too course. An
other ten par cent i> culled oat for
various raaaona and another 7 H per
rent loot to kiln nbrinkage. Thin
leaven ua loee than one-third of our
original wood for further eelectkn.
"Of Una third, however, only a
email proportion ia At for the mora
delicate work. Leas than or.e per
rent of it ha* the necetuary length
and utrength for ailerona; 2.1 per rent'
is flt for the wing leama; 4.B per rent
for the long xtrula and the name for
the landing gear. The balance ran
only he uard for the ribs ami th<- mai
ler fitting*.
"Tiie tigurea »h»w why America'*
vaat lumlier rexourcea are hemp
strained to the limit to built our air
fleet. They explain why it hax been
nerexnary for the United Stale* to
to take over the whole spruce output
aa agent for the romhinud alligd^ pro
gram and eliminate the ruinouii rom
petition whirh had prevailed between
the Englinh, French and Italian gov
ern merU."
GERMAN "BIG BUSINESS"
IS PULLING HARD FOR
THE END OF THE WAR.
Vision* of Commercial aggran- j
dir«m«Rt, N-«v Market* and
Extension of Trade Rudely
Shattered.
With the American Army in France \
April 9.—"Biic business" in Germany
in pulling hard for a settlement of
the war. Germany went into thi
war with vision* of commercial ag-j
gramluemeiit—naw mark«u iu thai
Balkan* *n^!KcTa»- ea»t; il»« *KaRer-'
ing of the British sea supremacy anil
the consequent extension of German
trade in the far corner* of the world.
But Germany overshf. t here murk.
She can't win. The entente allies tre
too strong for her. Her foreign trade
i* ruined. The British navy i* a
strong as ever.
Furthermore, Germany know* that
every day she prolongs the war, that
much harder will it be for her, when
peace i* Anally concluded, to resume
friendly relations with her present
enemies and enter into commercial in
tercourse with them.
In Great Britain socities have Iwen
formed whose member* take an oath
never to have business dealings with
a German again—never to eat, wear
or use-anything that comes from Ger
many.
France is being placarded from one j
end to the other with posters preach
ing commercial hatred of Germany af
ter the war.
They show two pictures, one of a'
bloodthirsty Hun murdering French'
women and children during the war;
and the other showing this same Hun!
after the war, dressed in the civilian
attire of a traveling salesman, smirk
ing and smiling and trying to sell Ger-j
man-made goods fo French mer-|
chants. I
Anil word romc 'hut business in
terests in the United State* are also,
threatening the central powers with
commercial boycotts if they don't
come to their sense!
When the war ends Germany must'
begin instantcr to relialiiliate her in
dustries—open factories long closed
and find employment for the millions
of men who have been in her trenches
for more than three years.
If practically the whole civilized
world stay* handed against her in
commercial boycott pacts, where will
-he l>e for raw material for her fac
tories; and where can she find mar
kets outside her own borders for any;
surplus products she may have in the
future?
Take it as a safe bet that the Al
mighty Dollar is beginning to talk in
the "Fatherland."
THE KAISER'S TALK TO
HELL.
The kaiaer railed tit* devil ay
On the telenknae aw dmy;
The girl St central liatencH to
AJI tkey 111 ! \j wy
"Hallo!" the heard the Uuer'a vo.
"la old man Satan home1
Juat tall him thia la Kaiaer Bill
That want* him on the 'phone."
The devil xaid, "Hallow. Bill,"
And Bl'l Mid, "How are yon?
I'm running here a hell on earth,
So tell me v hat to do."
"What ran I do?" the devil aaid,
"My dear old Kaiaer Bill;
If there'* a think I can do
To help you, I aure will."
The kaiaer amid, "Now linten,
And I will trv to tell
Th« way that I am running
On earth a modern hell.
I hnvc saved for thia for many year*,
• V have started out to kill;
That it wifl * • v modern job.
You leave to Huxr gill.
My army went throught Helgvim—
Shooting women and children 4pwn.
Wp tore up all of her country.
And blew up every town.
My Zeps dropped Umb» on cities
Killing both old and young;
Ard tho^e the Zeppelins didn't get
Were taken out and hung.
I Uirtad out for Paris,
With the aid uf poisonous gas.
rhe Belgium*, damn 'em. stopped u -
Ami would not let us pass.
My *uhmnrmc" are devils
Why, you should see them tight;
They go sneaking thronph the *«a*
And sink a ship at sight.
I was running things to suit me
When a man named Wood row Wilson
Wrote me to go more ::low.
He said to me. 'Dear William,
We don't want to make you sore.
So be >ure to tall your L'-boats .
To sink our ^>h.p* no more.'
I didn't listen to him
And he's coming after me
With a millio.i Yankee foldiers
F'om their homes across the sea.
Now that's why I called you, satan.
For I want advice from you.
I knew that you would tell me
The thing that I ought to do."
"My dear Kaiser William,
There's not much for me to tell;
For the Yanks will make it hotter
That I can for you in hell.
I have been a mean old devil.
But not half as mean as you;
And the minute 1 get you here
1 will give my joo to you.
I'll be ready for your coming.
And 111 keep the fires all bright;
And 111 have your rooai all ready
Whon the Yanks l>egin to fight.
For the boys in khaki will get you.
I have nothing more lo tell,
Hang up the 'phone and get your hat
And meet me here in hell."
What Lloyd George Told the
British.
Conscription muKt be Applied to Ire
land. *
Men up to 50 years of a^e must
fitrht.
The greatest battle in the history of
the world has just been fought. Ex
actly what has happened cannot yet
be told.
Cambrai was "a vary trivial event"
compared with it.
"We have now o ntered the most
critical phase of this terrible war.
There is a lull in the storm, but the
hurricane ia not over. Doubtless we
must expect more fierce outbreaks,
and ere it ia Anally exhausted there
(will be many mora."
I "Kxtreme sacrifices on the part of
| large classes of the population will be
demanded."
ARE OVER " * *U_"
——
No Bif " ''-r o# »•
mer «»ii>g wuhin|taa for,
thr 1- ront—Thoe* in Otkor
> ars.
H. K. Bryant, Washington corree-1
•Miloat, gives in the fallowing ihc re-1
rd uf Congraasman who have vol
in this and past vara:
While there ia no doubt aa to Um
moiirit of patriotism in Congreae
■ cry few maimhtn hava quit their po
rtions in Washington to go to tho
front* One Representative, Klorello
>1. fufliiardia, of the 14th New York
(ti 'n'-t joined the aviation sarviea,
and was injured in Italy noma Una
R» resentative Augustus P.
I .ardnar answered the rail to the col
nod died in ramp in the South be
i feing actual service. Represen
•ati\ jTUi/nl 0. Johnson of South Da
"i. 1)1 at Camp Meade, training. He
a a private and went out to
! him elf for fighting. Victor Heintz
hi!« cprt»e tative from the Cin-(
• i district of Ohio, joined the
army. Other mrmheri of the Houne
1 ji • 'nllted about going to war, but
•• i>a-t entered except those men-.
' red. There ha* not been the «ame
ru-h to join the colors on the part of
men a* obtained in the ear
lie- dn * of tho country.
Ropre.ientative Gardner let a fine
example. He actually resigned hi*
cat in the Hoaae to serve hi» country!
on the battlefield. He preached pre
paredness for years, and wa* sincere
•n his preachments, and when the call
men was- issued he responded.'
His death wa* most sad. for ha real-'
dexired to confront the Germans,
v . e wan constantly lifted in the
!oii;>e airainot the pacifists there.
Soon after the I'm ted State* #n-l
"fed he war it wa frequently re-|
t ■ ! fh*f Congressmen would re-'
ifn and <(Tcr their services to the,
•irfny but one excuse after another ha*
i;pt all of the Solons here. Repre-j
ntiitive t.. C. Dyer of Missouri, is,
an old National Guard soldier and was
h died by the bugle call for a time
but has recently quieted down into a
aim Cangre-iman. He has had train
K..luC U» mud looks the
TrtST a s.iMUr. IU}.re,e«rtaU»a
John y. T11 son of New Haven, Conn..
. , • M Mexican border when
trouble loomed there in 1916 but he
i not volunteered for the big war.
Representative LaGuardia did his
i>est; he wa,- not wounded in battle,
it injured while training.
No doubt the President's admoni
ion that the triumphant outcome of
he war hinged on an adjustment by
which every man was assigned to the
work for which he ia best fitted, con
vinced some Congressmen that shoul
dering the musket or donning the
epaulets is not what the country ex
pects of them. In. some circles it ia
•clieved that the early determination
to send United States soldiers to the
front in France as soon as they were
ready to go deterred a few statesmen
from hurrying away to join the colors.
Congress has slackers, according to
Senator John Sharp iWlliam* of Mis
sissippi, and the country is finding it
ut. A brief talk on slackers in the
Senate by Mr. Williams is credited
with putting the original aviation bill
carrying an appropriation of $640.
'>00.000 though in less than an hoar.
In former years Congressmen re
- ponded readily to the call for fight
ing men for the front. During the
Mexican war, Archibald Yell, Repre
entative from Arkansas; Jefferson
Mavis, from Mississippi; Sterling
Price, from Missouri, and Thomas L.
llamer, from Ohiov gave up their
cats in Congress for the army. They
"re with the forccs that invaded
Mexico.
Home of the men who quit Con
gress during the civil war to fight for
the Union or the Confederacy because
famous leaders on the battle-field. At
the Outbreak of that war those who
re«igned their seats in the lower
House to enter the Union army were
luhn A. I<ogan, of Iillinoia; James A.
Mcl'Urnund, of Illinois; Samuel R.
Curtis, of Iowa; Francis P. Blair, of
Vi «iuri. and James S. Jackson, of
Kentucky, and Edward D. Baker, of
Oregon, resigned from the Senate to
become a soldier. Mr. Ix>gan enter
ed the army as colonel, and later
reached the rank of major general and
liecnme one of the dominant military
leaders of that time. Mr. McCler
nand rose by successive promotion to
brigadier general and major general.
Mr. Jackson resigned December
IW, to enter the army and was kill
ed at the battle of Perryvllle, Ky.,
October 8, 18C2. Mr. Blair entered
the army as cononel, and was later1
prcmoted to brigadier general, and
then major general. Mr. Baker, pre-.
I paratory to quitting Congress for the
I battlefield, donned the uniform of a j
MIdier and made * ptUMtt Hurt
ut the llMta A faw
Hi October, 1M1. ha waa
>iu>« m .-t»"Ja of Hall'a Bluff, Mis
souri. John <7. Breckinridge, of Km
tucky, loft ti>« Senate to aster Um
Cwfrimli army. Ha became • Ma
jor pnml and later, aorrotary of
War.
Many Houtherne • quit Congreee,
or wars a spelled, whan Um Dtatee
thajr repreaented «e» edad. John W.
Rcul of Miaaouri, waa ax paIIad Da
ram bar 2, 1861, two dajri before Set>
ator Bnckinridge's npvlaion. Ha
raw military service. A lar»a num
bar of Southern Confressmeo auto
matirally drop pad oat of tho Houaa
and Senate, whan thair statea quit or
triad to quit the Union. Among thoaa
who want out waa Jaffaraon Davis.
Coming down to tha Spainah-Amer
iran war of 18W), Edward Cvaratt
Robin*, now a mambcr of tha Houaa
from Penaylvanta, resigned from tha
Kifty-flfth Congress to Join tha vol-i
unteers from hi* atata. Ha waa ap
pointed quartermaster of tha First
brigade, Third division. First army
rorpa, with the rank of captain. Ha
waa promoted to major. Mr. Rob
bins served in Porto Rico and Cuba
until the end of the war, when he re
turned home and was re-elected to the
House. I
Representatives Jime- R. Camp
bell, of Illinois, was another Congress-1
man who joined the color* at the out
break of the Spanish-American war
resigning hi* neat in the House.
One of the most noted figure* of
the Spanish-America war in Congress
was David 0. Colaon. who represent-!
»d the Middleboro district of Ken
tacky. He resigned hi* seat in Con
gress and entered the army a* colonel,
»f Kentucky volunteer*.
A personal quarrel between Col.,
rol»on and Captain Fthelhert Sco**,'
>f Kentucky, resulted in the death nfl
with. While in camp at Anniston!
Alabama. Col. Col«or and Capt. Scott
tad a fight, in whi'h pistils were
.•sed, but without e'lojf damage r
Lpter, ->fter the regiment wa mu«-'
.ered ot-t, and the twi men returned!
:o Ken'ic-ky, thr quarrel wa renew
td. Col Colaon and ('apt. Scott met
ii a hotel lobby at Frankfort and »et,
■ome by shooting evh o'her t» death ;
rhe two men opened fire and a ncore'
jf (hots were en-hanged before ooth.
Fell mortally wounded.
No member* of the present Senate
lave resigned to enter the military;
lervice of the country. Senators
Reed, of Missouri, and Fall, of New i
Mexico, offered to raise regiment*,
but that was not permitted. Former,
Senator I.uke Lea. of Tennessee whos-3
term expired March 4 la«t. is colone!
of the Firat Tennessee Field artillery,
and will see service abroad.
Many Congressmen are very war
like in Washington, but not in the war
lone. Representative Medill McCor
mick, of Illinois, is one o* the severe
critics of the war department. He
has been to the front a* an onlooker
but not ax a fighter. Everybody lift- j
ed his hat to Reperesentative Johnson
of South Dakota, when he gave up a
soft berth in the House to became a
private in the army.
Wake Forest Student
Expelled by College.
Raleigh, April 13.—Wake Forest's
medical class served notice yesterday
on it* college government that it1
would not stand for James L. Dubro-,
wf ky, a Russian member, whose al-,
leged seditious talk has him in had
with the United States and the admin
istration of the college affair*.
The college has purged itaelf of him.
The meds let it be known that there
wasn't room for them and him. They
served notice that they would not
come to cl*ss any more. The nati/re
of the talk that got the fellow in had
has not been learned from Wake For
est authorities who have ordered him
taken up.
Dubrowsky came here from South
Carolina, but little #s known of him.
He will be brought before Commis
sioner Plummer Batchelor next week
and given a hearing.
The arrest of the Russian is to he
followed by others in the federal de
partments here. Of one and another
character there are several candidates
for troobto. The officers of the col
lector and the marshal are working ^
on various rumors that will get some,
of the business men in Raleigh. For
manifest reasons the officials do not
announce the nam«s, but soft talk
■lust follow or Canaan citiaans drop
Into jail.
•OLA PASHA EXECUTOR.
F'mcIi traitor who tuod Now*.
popor to Holp K«iwr pat to
Dootk.
Bolo Pulu hit Wn asacutad at
haa bon rloMd by the French |«>
•mmwt, waa bora ia Maraailtoa. Ho
waa idantiftad in aavarai tnurpnao
which failed and than ha drifted to
Paria, where In ISM he waa ronfktad
of abuse of coafld»n-e and iwlndHiif.
Ha latar want to Valencia, Ifoa,
where hi conducted a cafe which waa
frequented by tha French colony. Ia
190J ha married a widow who haa aa
annual income of 70.000 franc* and at
once enlarged hi* field of activities,
becoming aO agent for champagne and
other wine*.
JuM before the world war brolta
<-tit in l!)M Bolo entered into a new
phaae of work, which took him to
Egypt, where he met Abba* Hiimi.
then the khedive, for whom he l>ocama
a truated agent in the exploitation of
land owned by the khedive'n interest*
in the .Suez cana! and in Egypt in
the event that England should repudi
ate Abba* Hilmi. From the khedive.
Bolo received the title of pa«ha.
After the flight of Abba* Hilimi to
Switzerland in 1915, Bolo met him at
Zurich, >n company with the then Gar
man foreign m in inter Gottlieb J arrow
and an arrangement waa made to
turn over to Bolo a turn uf 10,000,000
marks to be paid in inxtalloMmta
through the former khedive, for tha
purpo*e of influencing the trench
■
During the summer of 191A, Bo4o
bought The Pari* Journal from Sen
ator Humbert, pinying 5,r.00,000 franca
for the property. After the initia
tion of proceeding . agaiiurt I >lo, ihe
money he paid Senator Humbert wa»
refunded.
In February, 1918, Bolo came to
America. The Deutsche hank of B«r
lin is aaid to have turned over to Brio
> sum of 10,000.000 francs, which
was deposited in this country, at least
nine banks figuring in the records of
Ihe ra*e. Disclosures made by the
United States government relative to
Ma Mliillln in this country at» said
to have brought about his arrest on
September 29, 1917, for receiving
money from Germany for u.« in peace
propaganda. He wn placed on trial
ror high treason February 4. 19"? was
ronvicted February 14 and was sen
tenced to death. Bolo appealed to the
rourt of revision but the case was dia
missed by that tribunal March 12,
ard this action was affirmed by the
court of cessation April 2. The com
mittee of revison of the depa^ment of
justce rejected Bnlo's plea for a new
trial April 6. and April 8 President
Poincare refused to grant clemency.
It wa- announced on the same day,
however, that the military judicial au
thorities had granted a reprieve "for
the moment" to Bolo, because of re
velations which he had premised to
make. __
Stoke* County Man Mutt
Answer Murder Charge.
Winston-Salem, April 15.—R. H.
Nfwuome. of Stokes county, was ar
retted am! brought to jail here last
night on the charge of murder, C. G.
Ingram, another Stokes farmer and
neighbor whom Newsome stabbed in
this city a few days ago. having died
at the hospital here. Newsome wa*
the plaintiff and Ingram the defend
ant in a $10,000 damage suit for slan
der. The jury rendered a verdict in
favor of the defendant, and after the
litigants had left the courtroom. New
some made the assault on Ingram,
stabbing him in the back.
The latter has been in the hospital
since that time and last week pneu
monia developed from the wr ind. The
only statement made by Newsome
since his arrest was that he had only
noted in defense of his home and that
he would have witnesses at the trial
showing that he was justified in mak
ing the assault upon Ingram, whom
he charged with being responsible for
ruining his home. Newsome and hi*
wife separated more than a year ago
and she died in High Point a few
months ago.
Long Sentence* Given
N. C. Brothers at Sevier.
Camp Sevier, Greenville. 8. C,
April IS.—Two Brothers in the 119th
infantry. Corporal The ma • J. Thorn*
and Private Jesse TTiorne, were today
given long sentences for desertion,
i he former wa* given 20 year* at
hard labor, and th* latter It year*.
Roth are to sens their terns at Fart
Jay. N. Y. The brother* were frosa
North Carolina and were appreheacM
at separate point* ia that Mate.