a.
Ths Messenger
Prints . the . News
asi is sought aftrbythe po
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iind othr counties la Western
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VOL. IL NO. ").
MARION, No C., FRIDAY, APRIL 1803.
J Per Year in Advance.
18 WECIIJPK
1 IK
! ilUfjIiJijIl i 0
p. imp
!i ie;s el
Jo iiiiiiyfC
CliRA ll,'o DEEN DEVASTATED.
HIE STATUS Of
mm
IICIll
iiniiu
i)-'.'ri:r!:i;,; of ho- 'Maine-'' Proof of
vi l; t"i' !,';i)!f; Condition in Cuba.
I.ni CIVILIZED WARFARE.
A-b- Con:, i s ; i ii e Him Power to
M- . C:e War in Culm, ami Kccoui
no mi, J hat t lit' IJclit f Measures lie
.-utinued. If .Necessary, lie Wants
the I sc ,,1 the Military and Xaval
I o:, c-.
I he folio , :nr; is a fall text cf the
i i .-. idcnl's me sago as bent to Cou
r,vi:ti,' iith, icieumg the leia-
' : Oi- la ! V. i ell the I'lllt-d States hUll
1 '! l tiic i l ecept t f tlie con-
:.::!!:: v. 'ncli commaads tho 1'resi-
" gt.o it"Jn time to time to tho
' ' ' information of tho state of
1 and t- li-n iiimend tu their
:. : U i a! ton : ueh measures as he shall
i.eces-ury an-1 e: c lient, it be-
:..c I:: .i '. i V HwW to nddlOSS Vo'.ir
' ly v ii i f.n .1 to the grave crisis
t:i tt ha- a' isri; i:i tiio relations of tho
:::: -d .-tates t Spain by reason of
: !. u :i' :.u e shut for inure than tlr.ee
t at s i.;;s ctged in the neighboring isl-
1 1. 1 t ui I cio so beeau-o of the in-
. :tc .'i:iu- -t ion of the Cuban qtics-
! w.l- the state of (.urowii Union,
the grave u-I.ition that the. course
. i! i now liu uiiihent upon the na
1 :fhi t mu-t needs Pear to the
' i is'ti nai I'i'li.-y of our government,
: it m t i.ivmI w it Ii tlie iTeeepts
' .. ! i m 1 y li e fi.iiii.lers of the
: ::!. an I u I :gi.)!i.-!y ohservetl by
li.i.' u liiMiiistiatious to the
; hi- i r. t nt i evolution is hut thesue
' i-her similar iiisurreotions
!.: h l.a i-i-urrt- I in I'uba against
t .: :.:i:iioit i t S a.ti, ex.'einlmg over
.. i : 1 i t' in ai iy h ill a century, each
! "hie". its i regress, has miIi-
1 the l'niif.1 States to great ell'ert
. - .-:,-e i;i enforcing its neutrality
' . ca'i'o 1 iione.oiis losses to Amer
. t'al ani commerce, caused uri
' ". i.iino aitce an.l ltsturlanoe
i . i ';r c;ti. eii-, ail' 1 by the exercise
r;.o!. barbarous an( unci viheil
i ".i,- of nariaie, shockeil the seusi-
: .!:(-. an ! oiiemle l the human sympa
' : : ! u : hi !e.
I In- I a- 1 ion of Cuba,
-e the !e-e:it revolution began in
le!- ;:.ivy. 1 this ivtintry has feen
' f - : 1 1 ;, ,lo::ia:n at our threshold rav-
i i v lire ami sword m the course of
-'l ;-lo ui.e-iua!ed in the history of
! ..-l.oid. atid raiely paralleled as to
' : -;- :i er o! tlie combatants and the
1 tti of the contest by a:iy revo'u
u of : i . . t i :i time, where a depead-
I co !. .-tiiin to be free, have
' ' ! ; ' ". I by the j ower of the sov-
- ' ' i'e. Our eopiehave beheld
:: j : o-pei-! -us community reduced
1 :a; a' a!ie want, its lucrative com-;-
N".t,..i ir paralyzed, its exeeji-
' i i .l .'o-t i euess dllllUllsheit, Its
I..', t v.a-te. it:; mills ii ruinsauil
: . le i ei lsh-.ng by tens of thous-.-m
h inu'-r and destitution. We
' ' t-'Ut: I a;rse'ves constrained, in
' ob-i rv:t:.ee t f that strict neutrality
: i oitr laws enjoin and which the
r i.f nations ejmmands, to police our
' n v, ;,t. i i.n't wutch our own sea
)'' ; i i i e ent iug any unlawful action
nti.e in.! of tli-3 t'ubaus. Our trade
i- -utiV-red; the capital invested by
. citi'ens in ( uba has been largely
an I the tern; er ami forbearance of
' i euple have been so sorely tried as
to Le,et a pei ilous unrest nuious our
HBMiibC.
citizens, which has ir.cvitnblv f':!i'a'I its
expreHsion from time to time'ia the na
tional I.?lHli!ur, so x!:.it i-j'.u-h
wholly txteriiul to cr.r oh i 1,-oiv poli
tic engross attention an 1 rtan l in the
way cf that lo-.e devotion to domestic
a l vaneeintnt thtt b-ecomts a self con-
tuine'i 'oti.M!'. u ealth
mnxiin Las been the av.
ir:m.
:icg of a!
this mu
i, arousv
;.rt cf ti;i
;-.y pre h,-
foreign fiitanglcisiits. Aii
neels awakeu iiii l i.ns, in
the utmost co:.ei-i;. j'- the i
coveruuttDt, as v- ell .luring
cesfcor f term j.s. ;
l my o
Mr.
( lev eliind'.i
ii-ctc-1
Sjain
, thfi cvl
I u April, 1
our country i;i'e::'!
Laa Wr bC( a:nt; i-o
predf-cC; h-tv i;4'i 1. :
about peace ihrt.u-;
this verumer.t :a ;
through th (j u-oaerou-j
that my
in erh.i t t i ' i in s.
: 1!.': la.;;!. a! of
uy '-v a Jiiat u:i it
tend to an houoiao..;
a-Joi-fu". t of
iho eonte.-t be' -v ceu S; a:a and h-i IO
volted -:..! , ,.,n tho cf hoi:e
tfieet- se'L-.-. , of s-oif ;,.v.T'ji:!":t for
( nbn under th iH.g And sovereignty of
Spain. It failed, through the refti.-a!
of the Sj-jniinh governu.ei.t then iu
power to consider any form of media
tion, or indeed, any plan of settlement
whieh did not begin with the r-".a.!
submission of the' in-urgent"" to the
mother country, then only on su?h
terms as Spain herself might fee lit to
.'rant, J'hu w ar ejiitiuiu-d unabate't.
J lie resistance of the insurgents was i;
Uo wise diminished.
Spain's Klloits lii.reafl
'J he elTorts of Spain were increased,
both by too dispatch of fie-h levies and
by the addition to tho horrors of the
Ktrifo of ii new and inhuman phae,
haj pily unprecedented in the modern
history of eivih.ed ( hristian j eoples.
'I ho policy of devastation and concen
tration inauguiated bytieneia! Jl'ai.co,
on ( ietober '1, l-. tt, in the i rovineo of
I 'mar del I'.io, was thence extended to
embrace all of the island to v, 1-ieh the
power of the Si.am.-h arms wa i able to
reach by occupation or by miiitarv cp
ei atiou. 'Die iea-autry,' im liiding all
dwelling in the open "ugrieiiltuial in
terior, were tlriven into the garri on
towns or isolaied j iaees hehl by tloops.
'Ihe raising and moving of povi-ions ,f
all kinds were iuteidn ted. 1 ho lieol
were laid waste, dwellings unroofed
ami tiled, mills destroyed, and mi short
everything that could ilesoho e Ihe land
and lender it unlit for human habita
tion or support wan comm iude I In one
or the other of tho contending parties,
an.l executed by all the powers at their
disposal.
I he Horrors of Keconcc:it rat in.
Jiy the time the present administra
tion took ollico a year ago, reeouoent; a
tion, so called, had been made etlective
over the better part of the lour central
and western provinces, Santa Clara,
.Matanzas, Havana and J'inar del ilio.
T-he agricultural population, to the es
timated number of :;i)i,ooi or more,
was herded w ithin the towns or their
iminetliato vicinity, deprived of tiie
Uieans of support, lentleied destitute of
shelter, left poorly chid ami exposed to
the most uusanitury conditions. As the
scarcity of food inci eased with the de
vastation of the depopulated ureas of
production, destitution and want be -came
misery ami starvation. Mouth by
mouth the death rate increased in an
alarming ratio. Ity Maich. W.iT, ac
cording to conservative estimates fioin
olhcial Spanish source?, the mortality
among the rtconcentrades, from star
vation and diseases thereto incident,
exceeded oO per cent. of their toial num
ber. No practical reiief was a-.:coi .led
to tho destitute. I ho over-b u dene.i
towns, already f-ulVeruig from the gen
eral dearth, could givo n aid So
called ".ones of cultivation" establish
ed within the immediate area of el'tci t
ne military control about theeiim-- and
fortifications proved ill many for the
sull'ering. The unfortunates', bcisig
for tho most part women ac 1 c hihiren,
with aged and helpie-s nun. enfeeided
by disease and Imnger, couid not have
tilled the soil, without tools, seed or
shelter for their own support or tor the
supply of the cities. ileeuiice.itrati. n.
adopted avowedly as a war measuie in
order to cut oil' the resources of the in
surgents, worked its predestined ic
sult. As 1 Fanl in mv message of hisi
December, it was not civilized warfare:
it was extermination. The on! v peace
it couid beget was that of the w ilder
ness and the grave.
Conquest of tlie Insurgents Seemed
Distant.
Meanwhile, the military situation in
the island had undergone a noticeable
change. The extraordinary mtivity
that characterized the fccon.l ar oi
the war, when the insurgent s invade!
oven tuo iiituerto untiarme l iiel-ls ot
l iiiar del llio ani carried havoc and
destruction up to tin? walls e f the city
of Havana itself, ha t relap. e l int a
dogged struggle in the centiai Ami
eastern provinces. The Sj ini-h arm-
regained a measure of control :u ! 'i.i".r
lei 11:0 an.'l parts of Havniia, 1 ut under
the exciting conditions of the lural
country, without im piovenicnt of then
productive situation, liven thus par
tially restricted, the revolutionists held
their o u and their con.puest aioi sub
mission, put forward by Spam as the
esseiiiiai ami snie oasis oi eace,
seemed as far distant a- at the outset
lie Problem Cutifroiit ing tli Atl-
inini-t init ion.
Iu this state of atVaiis mv almniis
tion found itself c iiufronted w it'll the
rave problems of its duty. My mes
oe of 1 a -i t IVeemhi-r ieviewe.1 the sit
uation, and nat rated the steps taken
lth a view id relieving its acutene-s
and opening the wa to some fiii iif
honorable settlement l'iie assassina
tion of the l'lime Minis er, Canovas.
led to a change of government in i am.
The former admiuistiation. j ledge. t to
pubjugatii-u without concession, .ot
olace to that of a more liberal pa:tv.
committed long in advance to a policy
reform involving the w i U-r i i n. -i-
i e ot home rule lor t u: a an i ;te:
Kico. The overture id this govern
ment, made through its vcw envoy,
(ieneral Woodford, and lo. king to an
immediate and effective amelioration id
tho condition cf the island, although
not accepted to the extent of admitted
mediation in auy shape, w.-re i.i-.-t by
assurances that hemic l'.ile. in an a I
vaueed phase would be forthwith o:fer
cd to Cuba, without waiting for the war
to end, and that more humane m. thuds
should henceforth prevail in the con
duct of hostilities. Coineideutly with
these declaration, the new government
of Spain continued and completed the
policy already begun by its predecessor,
of testifying'frieudly regard ir tin
nation by releasing American citizens
LfcM under cue charge or another ocn
nected with the insurrection, so thut,
by the end cf Norembor, not a single
erson entitled iu any way t-j our na
tional j rotection remained in a Si anish
I'iisGD.
Inatignratloii of Relief Measures.
While these negotiations were ia
progress, the destitution of the unfor
tunate recocceiitradoa and the alarm
ing ja-.itality among them claime I
eaintht attention. The success which
had attended tlie limited meanuie cf
relief extended to the sullenug' Ameri--0'iu
citizens amoug them, by tne judi
cious expenditure through the consular
agencies of the money appropriated ex
1 ro"dy for their tuecor by the jr int
lesolutiou approve i May gl, 3---7.
prompted the humane exiensiou of a
fcimilar Bcheme of aid to the
great body cf snlferers. A suggest! :
to this end was acquiesced in !. v the
Spanish authorities. On the tilth of De
cember last I eau-ed to be issued a-i
apt eat to the American poo.:e. inviting
contributions m money or m hind f-j"
t he huccor of the starving .'ul'iVrers iu
Cuba, following this on the th of Jan
uary by a similar public announcement
of the formation of a centra1 ul an re
lief committee with headquarters in
-New York city, comiosed of three
members representing the American
National lied Cross ami the religious
and business elements of the c m-u-i-nity.
Iho efforts of that committee
have Leeu untiring and have accom
plished much. Arrangements for free
transportation to Cuba have greatly
aided the charitable work. The presi
dent of the American lied Cross and
representatives of other contributory
organizations have generously visited
Cuba and co-operate I with the consul
general and the local authorities to
make effective distribution of the reiief
collected through the efforts of tho
central committee. Nearly 200,000 iu
money and supplies has already reach
ed the sufferers and more is forthcom
ing. Tho supplies are admitted dut3'
free, and transportation to tho inte
rior has been arranged feo that the re
lief, at lirst necessarily confined to Ha
vana and tho larger cities, is now ex
tended through most if not all of the
larger towns where suffering exists.
1 houaads of lives have already been
saved. The neeessit' for a change in
the condition of the reconcentrados is
recognized by the Spanish government.
Within a few days past, the orders of
Cieneral Weyler have been revoked;
the reconcentrados are, it is said, to bo
permitted to return to their homes, and
aided to resume the self-supporting
pursuits of peace; public woi ks have
been ordered to give them employment,
and a sum of .oo,000 has been appro
priated for their relief.
An Alternative Not To Ho Counte
nanced. Tho war in Cuba is of such a nature
that shoit of subjugation or extermina
tion a final military victory for either
side f-eems impracticable. The alterna
tive lies in the physical exhaustion of
tho one or the other party or perhaps
of both, a condition which, iu effect
endeel the ten years' war by the Truce
of Zanjon. The prospect of such a
conclusion of the present 6trife is a con
tingency hardlj' to be contemplated
with equanimity by the civilized woi Id,
and least of all by the United States,
ritfected and injured as we are,
deeply and intimately, by its very ex
istence. Opening of Negotiations With Spain.
KealiziDg this, it appears to bo my
duty, in the si hit of true friendliness,
no less to Spain than to the Cubans,
who have so much to lose b- tho pro
longation of the struggle, to seek to
biing about an immediate termination
of the war. To this end I submitted,
on tho gTth ultimo, as a result of much
representation and correspondence
through the United States Minister at
Madrid, propositions to the Spanish
government, looking to an armistice
until October 1, for tho negotiation of
peace xvith the good offices of the Pres
ident. In addition, 1 asked the imme
diate revocation of the order of recou
centration, eo as to permit the people
to return to their farms, and tho needy
to be relieved with provisions and sup
plies from the United States, co-operating
with the Spanish authorities so as
to all'orel full relief . The reply of the
Spanish Cabinet was received on the
night of the iilst ultimo. It offers, as
the means to bring about peace in Cu
ba, to eontido the preparation thereof
to the Tnsular Parliament, inasmuch as
the concurrence of that body would be
necessary to reach a final result, it be
ing, however, understood that tho
powers reserved by the constitution to
tlie central government are not lessened
or diminished. As the Cuban Parlia
ment does not meet until tho 4th of
May. next, the Spanish government
would not object, for its part, to accept
at once a suspension of hostilities if
asked for by tho insurgents from the
general-in-chief, to whom it wonhl
pertain, iu such cae, to determine
tlie duration and conditions of the
armistice.
Hroiiulit to the Kud of Ills Kllorr.
The propositions i-ubmitted by (ien
eral Woodford ami the reply of t).
Sj auish government were both in hi
form of a brief meniorandaof the texir . .
which are before me, and are substan
tially in the ianuguage above given,
i he function of the Cuban barliamei.t,
in the matter of "preparing" peace and
the manner of its doing :-o are not ex
j ressed in the Spanish memorandum,
hut from (ieuera! Woodford's prelimi
nary reports preceding the final con
ference, it is understood that the Span
ish government stands ready to give
the insular Congress full power to set'
tie the terms of peace with the insur
gents, whether by direct negotiation or
indirectly by means of legislation,
does not appear. With this last over
ture in the direction of immediate
peace, and its disappointing reception
by Sj am, the executive wa-i brought to
tlie end of his effort.
Preilent irant (Quoted.
In my annual message of December
last, I said: "e f the untried measures
there remain only: KeCognition of the
insurgents as Lelligeients; recognition
of the independence of Cuba: neutral
intervention to end the war by impos
ing a rational compromise between the
contestants, and intervention in favor
of one or the other party. I speak not
of forcible annexation, for that cannot
be thought of. That, by cur code cf
morality, would be criminal agcres
siou. " Thereupon I reviewed these al
ternatives iu the light of President
(iraut's measured words, uttered in
1ST.", when, after seven years of san
guinary, destructive and cruel hostili
ties in Cuba, he came to the
conclusion that recognizing the
independence cf Cuba was im
practicable and indefensible, ami
that the recogaition of belligerence
was not warranted by the Ittcts, ec
ciiidittj to the tests of public law. I
commented esrtciilly upon the latter
aspect cf the epjestion, pointing out the
inconvenience and positive dangers of
a lecognition of belligerence which,
while nddiE? to the already onerous
burdens of neutrality within cur oa
jurisdiction, could not in any way ex
tend our influence or effective cfaces m
the territoi ycf hostilities. Nothing hat
since occurred to change my view in
this regard, and i recoguize as fully
now as then that the issuance of a pro
clamation of neutralit-, by which pro
cess the Bo-called recognition cf bellig
erence is rubliheJ. could, of itself ami
unattended by other action, accomplish
nothing toward the one end for which
we labor the instant pacification cf
Cuba and the ce.-ation of the misery
tiiat affects the is. and.
Precedent of Recognition
Turning to the question of reeogniz
iug at this time the independence of
the present insurgent government in
Cuba, v.e lind safe precedents in our
history from an early day. The3 are
well summed upiu President Jackson's
message to Congress, December 21, 1 .;;,
on the subject of the recognition of
Texas. He said: "In all tho contests
that have arisen out of the revolutions
of Trance, out of the disputes relat'ng
to tho crowns of Portugal and Spain,
out of the revolutionary move
ments of those kingdoms out of
the separation of the American
pocssessions of both from the Uuropean
governments, and out of the numerous
and costantly occurring struggles for
dominion in Spanish America, so wisely
consistent with our just principles has
been the action our government, that
we have, under the most critical cir
cumstances, avoided all censure and en
countered no other evil than that pro
duced by a transient estrangement of
good will to those against whom wo
have been by force of evidence com
pelled to decide. It has thus mudo
known to tho world that the uniform
poiicv and practice of the United
States is to avoid all intei ference in
disputes which merely relate to the in
ternal government of other nations,
and eventually to recognize the author
ity of the prevailing party, without ref
erence to our particular interests and
views, or to the merits of the orignal
controversy. . . . Put on this, as
on every other tryiug occasion, safety
is to bo found in a rigid adherence to
principle In the contest between Spain
and her revolted colonies we stood
a'oof, and waited, not only until the
ability of the new- States to protect
themselves was fully established, but
until the danger of their being again
subjugated had entirely passed awa3.
Thou, and not until then, wero they
recognized. Such whs our course in re
gard to Mexico herself. . . . It is
true with regard to Texas the civil au
thority of Mexico has been expelbd,
its invading army defeated, tho chief
of the republic captured, and all pres
ent power to control the newly organ
ized government of Texas annihilated
within its conlines. Put, on the other
hand there is, in appearance at least,
an immense disparity of physical force
on the side cf Mexico. The Mexican
republic, under another executive, is
rallying its forces under a new leader,
and menacing a fresh invasion to re
cover its lost dominion. Upon the issue
of this threatened invasion the inde
pendence of Texas may be considered
as suspended, and were there nothing
peculiar iu the relative situation of the
United States and Texas, cur acknowl
edgement of its independence at such a
crisis could scarcely be regarded as
consistent xvith that prudent reserve
with which we have hitherto held our
selves bound to treat all similar ques
tions. "
I he Dictates of Prudence.
Thereupon Andrew Jackson proceed
ed to consider risk that might be im
puted to the United States' motives of
selfish interest in view of the former
claim on our part to the territory of
Texas, and of the avowed purpose of the
Texans in seeking recognition of inde
pendence as an incident to the incor
poration of Texas iu tho Union;
concluding this: "Prudence, there
fore, seems to dictate that we
should still stand aloof and main
tain our political attitnde, if not until
Mexico itself, or one of the great for
eign powers shall recognize the inde
pendence of the new government, at
least until the lapse of time or the
course of events shall have proved be
yond cavil or dispute the ability of the
people of that country to maintain their
sepai ate sovereignty and to uphold the
government constituted by them.
Neither of the contending parties can
justly complain of this course. Py pur
suing it. we are carrying out the long
established policy which has secured to
us respect and influence abroad, and
inspired confidence at home."'
1 lie l i st Applied ill the Case of Texas
The-e are the words of the resolute
and patriotic Jackson. They are evi
dence that the United States in addi
tion to the test imposed by public law
ns the condition of the iccognition cf
indepence by a neutral State shall
"constitute iu fact a body politic, hav
ing a government in substance as well
as in name, pes.-essed of the element
of stab:lit.v,"and forming de facto "if
left to itself, a State among the nations,
reasonable capable of discharging the
duties cf a State," as imposed for
its own government in dealing
with caes of iudeiendent state
hood, is not due to a revolted
dependency until the danger cf it- be
ing aga n subjugated by the jaient
State has entirely parted awav. '1 his
extreme test was iu fact applied in the
case of Texas. The Congress to v.-hem
i resident Jackson referred the ques
tion as one "probablj leading to war. "
and therefore a i roper subject for "a
previous understanding with that body
by whom war can alone be declared,
and by whom all the provisions f. r
sustaininc: its eri!s must be fur
nished." left the matter of the recogni
tion of Texas to the discretion cf the
executive, providing merely f. r ti e
sending cf a diplomatic agent whe n the
1 resident should be satisfied that the
Peq ubiic of Texas had become "an in
dejeu lent State."' It was so recog
nized by President Van Puren, ho
commissioned a charge d affaire-.
March 7, lv:;7, after Mexico Lad aban
doned an attempt to conquer the Texas
territory, and when there was at the
time no bona tide contest going on be
tween the insurgent province and its
ftrmer sovereign.
Cul'au Iriiurrrction .:. tlie Attri
butes of M.itehooiK
I said ia me-sage cf December la-t:
"It is to be seriotisly considered
whether tin Cuban insurrection j cs-ses-es.
beyond dispute, the attributes
of Statehood, which ah. ne can demand
the recognition of belligerency in its
favor. ' The same re'nui'-rnent can be
crrtainly no Iecs seriously Consider. 1
when the graver issue if recogniziLg
indei e:i lence is in .paction, ftr no less
positive test can be applied to the great
id. than to the lesser, while, on the
other hand, the influences and coi.se
queiu'fs of the -druggie upon the in -tern.ti
policy of the recognizing State,
which form important factors when the
recognition i f belligerency is concern
ed, are secondary, if not lightly eliini
nable f i.tors when the real question is
whether the community claiming ie
tognition i", or is not, iudeiendent be
yond i-eradventure. "
Not Wi-e to llecognl.e Independence
.lust Nov.
N.r from th- standpoint of e.-peJirce do i
think it woiiil I e wise or prudent f r thiss
goeri.!t.ei.t to rceagn:;. at tho j rt-s.-nt ti-no
tli- i;:..-p.':,il.-:i.-" of the so-eal!e.l Cutan r--p'iV-ii.
su.'h r- et.ith.n is not nee-.-arv ia
r.-r to enal-J-' tin? Unite. I stat s t e..t. r
vei!.." du'l aeify th-island. To commit this
country now to th recognition of any par
ti 'uhtr government in uha might subject us
to emharra-sing .mlitiuiis , f international
obligations toward the organization so ree
(giji.:"l. Iu ease of intervention our compact
would he niit.ject to the approval or disap
proval of sll.-il tfOVernruent; W Would be re
quired to submit to its direction and to a-t-un.e
t . it the mero relation of a friendly
ally. When it shall appear hereafter that
there is within the island a government, capa
ble of performing the duties and discharging
the function- of a separate nation, and hav
ing as a matter of fact tin proper forms and
attributes of nationality, -m-h government
can '.e promptly and readily recognized, arid
the relations and it.tere.-ts of the United
Slates with such Lathm adjusted.
Two Alternative.
There remain two alt-rnative forms of in
tervention to end the war, either .is an im
partial neutral, by impo-ing a rational v,:n
1 r.-mise between th-. contestants, or a.-; the
a.-L.ve ally o! the oi e party or the other. A
t. the lii'st. it is rot to be forgotten that dur
ing the la-t f"v months, the relation c f the
Unit'-d State-; has virtually been oiei of
friendly intervention in u any vv.'iys, each not
of i:-eff conclusive, hut all temiing to the ex
eui n of a potential influence toward an ul
timate pac,!lc roMih, just and honoranh; to
ali int'-re-t.-, concerned. The spirit of all our
a.-ts Hitherto has I een an earn, st, ii!iscl:i-!i
de-ire for peace and prosperity in Cut a, nn-tarni-!'..
d ly dii'crenccs between s and
Spain ani unstained by the blood of Ameri
can citizens.
Interx ent ion Kt commended.
The forcible intervention of the United
States a.T a lj.-utral, to stop tho war, accord
ing to the largo dictates ol humanity and fol
lowing many Pi-tori, ai precedents win re
neighboring States have interfered to ehe.-k
the hopeless sacnii.-es of hie by internecine
conflicts b.-yo. id I heir borders, is ju.-tifuo in
on rational grounds. It involves, however,
hottile constraint upon I oth tho parties to
the eonte.-t. as well to enforce a true; i.s to
KUide the eventual settlement.
1 he grounds for such intervention may bo
I rc-lly summarized as follows :
l' r-t In th'5 cause of humanity and t " put
an . nd to tho barbarities, biood.-hed, starva
tion and Innriblo mi-eiies now' existing there,
and which thu parties to the, conflict are
either unable or unwitting to utop or miti
gate. It is; no answer to say this is all in an
other country, belonging to another nation
and is. therefore, none of our business. It is
specially our duty tor it is right at our doors.
Second We owe, 1: to our citizens in Ctma
to afford them that protection and indemnity
for hie and property which no government
there can or w ill alTord, and to that end to
terminate the conditions that deprive them of
legal orotection.
Third The right to intervene may be jus
tified by th': very serious injury to tho com
merce, trade and business of our people and
by the wanton destruction of property and
Ova-tatr n of the island.
Fourth And which is of the utmost im
portance, the pres. nt condition of affairs in
Cuba is a constant menace to our pea ;e and
entails upon this government an enormoii-
. xpens-e." .With sn.-h a conflict waged for
years ia an island so near us and with whi h
our people have such trade and bu-ine-s relations-when
the ;jes and liberty of our
citizens are ia constant danger and th- ir
property destroyed and them-elv? ruined;
w hen our trading vessels are liable to i-euure
au.l are seized at our very doors by war-hipi
of a foreign nation; the et editions of tiU-bu.-tering
that we are powerless to prevent
altogether, and the irritating questions and
entanglement- thus uri-i'g ail thc.-e an 1
others that I ne.-.i not mention, with the re
suiting strii.e.l relations, are a constant
menace to our peace and compel ustoteej
on a semi war footing with a nation witn
vvhi.-h we are at peace.
I)cstruc ion of the Maine.
These elements of d.figer and disorder, a.
ready pointed out, have i m strikingly i ins-
trnted r y a tragic event w hich Las d'-epiy
and justly move,! th American people. I
have already trf.ismit'.c.l to C'oi.gre.-.-the r
I on of the naval cent: oi inquiry on the de
struction of the iHtt.e-hij. "Maine, in
the han. or of ll-iva-, a. li'.'.ro g th-- niuht
-f th" i:,th of IVbrn-iry. 'J lie .l. -tru.--tna
of thai, no!-l vs. f-l fins liii'-I the
national h-.tr. with m-x ( '--i h .r
ror. Tw loiudre l an 1 l.iiv-eigi.t i rn
saic.r-and .n iru.e-an i . .-r- ol .. .r
navy, rep ,-ing m tl e f i :. ; t j. 4n?y of ;.
frienuly bar:. or. h..v- b.-. n huri'-l to ".h-aii..
grief and v. an. ' r-c;, h; to th'-jr h s n.vt
sorrow to th.- nat..,;... ihe uvi.i (' .vt o;
In'juiry v. hi u it l- i di to say. en-
m-uei- the u.'j'piawlie.J conti fe;,.-.. of tn- c
eminent, was u'laiii::-,. u in it- i'.ii."l..-iv
that the .-traction ..f the Main w.. - ai .-e ,
i y .i- i-rnai e.p. -i n. t!rt d a .-tib-ma-rue
mine. 1: did not a -'in;.- to pia -.- t o
re.-; -.ns.t i.ity. ihat ran. on- to h .vd. P,
anv ey-nt the ile-truer;.. ii -t th- Mane, ly
tttuitewr ot. rn r eai;.e, l- a a'o-j t and v-pre-sive
proof . f a .-tat- ,.f th.ng- in .;..,
that is int. i-r o ie li.it cudai. n i.- thu
th.n to .-!; t!.:it tn- -jani-h gove n-
:n-nt cannot a--. ir--a'etv an i .-ecunty to a
ve.-j.ei of tic- A:io ri-an navy in the har-.-r r-i
Havana on a :i,.-i . ef eC- -, and rightf-h
there.
N Demand Made.
Further referring ia thi" c. nr.e.-:i..n to r-c-nt
dq I. T..-.ti e,,j -j,. ,i4 i.-r a -ii.-; .v.ct
fr..n: ..nr M. r to s-; am. on tne o:h n.r. .
(. ntaine i the .-! aters iHi th"
rnu.i-l-r f r f-.r-ig-. niTair- a -nr- I L;:L ;
i:.v. iytna: Spain. I.,;,.; t ...: th- h;g;.-
tl - i i.ne. 'j h-r-, ;y u i I t. '
n of r-r- '. -p.i:;. ; , ,.t.r :
itr-.ti-a '. no -v.: ;.
.-an nrn-e ... tt...- matte-, whn !; : : :
ly exj ;a.i.. 1 b the n- t- of th- v.i-n' M
isterat ;.st..ng:o:j , ? i:.- pcj. m-t . a-' i-"A-
t v li uu--Tn 'f t w hi L
st r.r.g- fr m tl.- divef-gy . i v. - ; .-t ,e ..
:. e r fj r'.-'i.t:iv- f tn Am-n-.u.
.-, mi-h i-arl-. s;a.. ;ro t.; u :n.
: i- t - n erta.i.e-1 ! y an 1:1.5 f.rti.o ,n. --r;
g gion ' y e; . r!- wn -e u--M..n S;.on a
t- .!. a iVai. e
T-. I !;.. miole tH. :y.
I'rfHpIeiiT iraitt Ag.-.in laof-.!
1 r-n ; nt lira-:, i:. ;?T0. hft r d:- - .-r -tl
e 1 - .' tt- r .: --. a- ,t t.-.-:. ,-.r. . -,r.-
: 1. i-n tna. tio r i-ul: :.- wia r ..-o:n; '. .
1 j a-snme .!.- r-.-j .n-:"i..ty u Lien d'-v-i-.e-1:
u t t-:u an 1 t j seri j u-ly ci n-i i- r th- ::.'.
r..-main:nkr ma-ur'-s pos.-i- iLf l.nii-.z. and
interveLii .n. Owi'tg. p-rhare. to tt- lirg'
txoaae cl water tej aiatu-g the hjiatd fro 2,
the penit-ula. th ecctiiJ:? yrtie nppeai
to have v.ithia th-n'ietves r:. .lt- t-)ry of
' .'leron eoLfnio- '.'-.tuM.-;...t vv.sd. tn
I n-.-ion ,n oi. m nt hav ihe;r swv, and
t.. as.-u::.e tt.e j a-: : "Hce-makem. (u thl
VieW, in the ea.-lcr iia .- f contest, te
good c hl -es of the Unitid S'st-- inf.l!
alor W-re col.-l le-ed IT. good U'ltt. W.th'r.:!
mi y seitl.-h pari ia V interest of J.um.ta
it an J 111 siucre friendship for hoth nrlies,
t ut were ht that tin e I- oneJ l y spam with
the .h ltrati-.n. tieverit:-; thiitatft tar
th. 1 W..-..1 1 t iad.;enih. No intS
Loiti h h.o ! en rec.-jv- I that la the opinion
1 i S ain thnt tin,.-!..: r,o( tva r aoh-!. And
yet :!. .-tr;fc .-. ntn.n with a I !- dread h .r-r.T-.
an 1 ah i - injur., st .h" intere-tt of th
Unlled St.;Us and , f other in.tu.ns. Tach
lirt7"ein q it- a; a! .c ot vrorking greal
injury au i iia:n:w to th- ..th- r. ay well h- tc
ah th- rel it; .ts ;.-! tl-j cr. b-nt 1 n th- exot-enc-
of peac- in thei-hind; out they .-etun in-ci.pat.l-
of rej -hing any n bustmcnt, nd both
hat- thus far f-nl-d d chievmg any succe.
v.herei.y on- party i-hhll pos-.--., and eontr.-i
the i-hiud to the 1 ic.u-ion , f the oth.-r. Un
der the e.rcumstan.'es, th' ait-ncy ef ethers.
it her ty median -a ..rbv intervoj.t:nii,H.'!u?
t 1 -ih3 only alternative whi-h mut. i.u.er
1 r lat- r, tv iavukc 1 f-r the t-rn.iuati. a id
the strife."
31r. ( level.indS Prediction.
In tin hot annua! in's.-ug- .: mv Immedi
ate j.r. ..r durii g tii- j en.i.'.g -1 ruggl-.
it was said: " ' hen the ma! li t - w; p iint "
ileal su.'ci s.-fuiiy with the in-iirn'.-t, ,n tj,i
become niiiniiest, and iC i- .i-rn 1 tratnl that
her .sovereignty is extin -t in Curia, or ah
purposes ef it-rightful existence, and when
a h..pele struggle fonts re- e-t ibll.-hment
hiw degenerated ;nt- strit- winch mean-'
nothing more ihau th ue.,-s merifjee . f
human life, and the utter d. -: ruction of the
very subieet matter oft! nl'.i.-t.a situation
will he pri-sent'-d ia w t.i h .air obligation to
th- fovercig!,t of Si ain win bi .suj ers-d.-.j
by higher obligation.-, vvhi. h vv.-can hardlv
hesitate to r-eoghii; and di-charge."'
Has t he 1 ime Oine'.'
Iu my annual message to Congress Jn l.,.
cciut.er la-r, s; .-akingto thi- .pi-.-ti-.n, I -aid.
The m-ar future v.:ll d-m n.-:rate vvhei!..i
the indispen-able condition cd a rightevl 1
pea.'-, just a'ike to the u: un: and to am
as web as cpiitiO ie to ad . ur int'i-e-r so in-
tuiia'.'oy inv.uve i 1:1 rl.e wef.,rv of Cur.a is
liKi ly t" be attam. ,!. If not. th.- exigency ..;
further and otle-r a. u...: by the United State
will ri.ai'i to I . t.iki n. Wiicii th.it t.ov
comes that .v tion vvi:i be de'ermir.e I in fc
line of ln-'.i-putnbio rigfit and di.ty. It wib
le faced, without misgiving or h- sKancy, Pi
the light of tho obligation this gov ernu.ent
love.- to its-if, to the iple who ha c c- nhded
to it the .r..teeti..n . f th.-ir ii.t-rests anil
honor and to humanity.
I't-itt f hy r a i fnl Agcncii'4.
"Sure of th- right, keeping from a!i offence
ourselves, a-ttiat-.l only 1 y n; right nn 1 pa
triotic considerations, moved n.-ith.-r bv pa,
hion iiors'-lf'.-hue-.-. the g ,v rnu.'-r.t vvidca-tinu-
its watchfuiaen a,, t .-at- ..'.er right.-iin-t
j'To 1 rty of Aac-rican t-.U.v.i and wi.i
abate inn'.- of it . tloi ts t bring about t,y
peaceful agencies a pea.-e wlin h shall l hon
orahle and enduring. If it shall hereafter
appear to b? a duty impo-.-d (. it obliga
tions to ourselves, lo civ iliaibm a--.-J human
ity to intervene w ith force, it had I e vvitiioi.t
f.nilt on our part ami only becuu. th- no.-, s
sl'.y for such action will be - cle:ir a-to
Command tliu support and a: proval f the
t.'ivilize.l vv rid."
The War in Cul: Inst Stop.
The long trial has proved that the object
for whi'-h Spain htl waged the war eanot
Le attained. Th- fir- of insin rtioii may
flameormay smoulder with varvi-jg M-a-ons,
but it has not beeU and it Is plain that itt an
UOt Le xtiDgulsh"d bv present methods. The
nly hope ot r-li"f nni r-p i-- fro'u h eon.h
liou wiiieh can no longer b" endiir-d is th
enforced pacification of Cut a. In the name
of humanity, in tho nam.; of civilization, in
behalf of endangered American jntere-t-,
which give us the right and the duty lo sj.euk
and to act, the warinCuia mu.-tstop.
Asks Power of Congress .
In vi.-w of thse f i"ts and of these e..nsid--rationJ,
I a-lc the Congress to aurli .riz- and
empower the President to t.ik- m-a.-ire to
ecu re a full and float termination of ho-Mi-ts
bitw-'-n t!;'- go ve: j m e;, t (f Spai n a ad
:!:; 1 eop.e of Cuba, and to secure in t.c
l-lat.'J '.!.! establlsVment of a stable govern
ment capable to maintain order and ot strv
iag it- iuO rnal obdgati. .11. n.-u ring r -a'
and tranoiohiy und tic-. c 11 Py ol it- cit;;..ms
as vveil a-our r. .v 1 1 . and to io- the mii.tary
an 1 i-.ioii f rees th" I'ojtcl Slates as. may
in; ;: ( S-.-ary f.r the-.- j i.rp:.---.
And iu fi i-it.-r--t "f humanity and to al 1
in preserving IV lives . f t! .-tarxing p"' le
of th- island, I r-cuimeri I that th- dl-tn' u
tioii 1 f food and raj plc-s be c ntinu-d, and
th-itfinappr.-j.riiti.il t- m i-1 out of the
jaibii-' Tr-a-ury to suju i-m nt th" .-harl' v of
our 1 iii. -n
Th"- iJ-'! i-. now with Co'igr-s. It is a
?'.;..-i.n r.-.-pon-ibniiy. I lav- exhau-t-l
v-rv effort to reii-v- th" int-.-l-rai 1- c. n !i
lio i of :.!T lir- vvhi-!i is .V .ur d ors. pre
j ar.-d to e;.. c:!te evry obogalioli in.'-, hcl
upo.-i ri." by tf. n.-tit ili n !.:: 1 the law, I
await y..,ur a -ti .n.
V- ster.h.y, rind .-i i- th- - pf t'i-.h of
the foregoing - age fTi-i il mf rTo-Oion
Ua- r -ceive.i ! V I!.: t tl-lt tlielllest lle-r f
tio- ( n-en g. :.; . I S; a. 11 direct., , nil
I'.ian-o, m . idcr to r-; are a; ,J ..-; it Jt-
j .-ace, to j.ro. lam. a -u-j . a-i-.n of hostihti'-r,
tii-durati'-n an ! d'tols of w hi-ti hav- rot
ot I '-.-ri rr.unicnte. I t-. me. 'Jnis f 1 -r.
with-v-ty ..ther i--riite-i.t - t . -: 1 r -t : 1 n.-viil,
I am - ur-. Lav y.arr ju-t an 1 cir. f .1 :,...
tion. in tic- n d. ri..-r : -i - uj on v. hn-'i
y n are abut to e;.t. r. I' thi- iii'-a-are at
tains a ,.)e.-f.i re-n.'r, tn-n - or n-; ir.tl-.in
a tin-Man. j. . --P,'. c.g ope n.ii '
r-a i:- 1. If it f ...-, it wi.lt' v a: or ie r
'.stio'-at: -.ii f..r e.ir unf-mj la'e I a -te n.
W-.r :. .
11a .-.ri-..- M -o At r.l II. i
P.LAN I'lUM I. A VI VI
l"ir ('ciil!in of Hostilities in tlm
l-l tn ! ot f ul. a.
On tii- 1 Itli the fa'- e; art u.er.t
receive ! ieneral i aio o's ; ror;a-;ia".;o.i
ordering a ce n'iou of ho-tdit.-. ia
Cu! a, wiii..-!i lb as foil ,w
1 It f I r 1 tn it I '.
Her Mi.j-iy-H go". . : . u. i.. y eldmg
to the le.tera'e 1 .-..-:: -xpf - i bv !.:-;!(,!.!.(-
the j'oj ha U--:i ; .' -- f
de lee that a f . -; - . f i.-.-'i .to ,
...to the '.l-e-t i . ; armg ii (,..'..-
i-x the te-torati : , f ; .-..cf :. . -land.
In iiiir.- -.,. r. i h-.-. :-...
conver.i.'Mt t .-'.r.
the 1 -eei j t f t..; in a. ;. 1 ca;.: .
j :"-. :.t j roc'i-i r . f 1.'-:, .i':-.
ro-rd w-t-fM. '-e. :i ;t : t-iritor: . o:
fj... 1 a: !' f ( '' . '
i i.e - a .:- - f;- -foo of
ai o-- e a: i.e:- w. . 1 : .-- ,
iil 'ciC't i t
pr'm; t en,-.--;-.
-lgi.e t 1
-. ... o :n ;..'. i.-r
v . r, s I ; ,. ,.s a . i
"c"' ,:d:ng t. th- -.t-tar.Ce.i
of t o- t a :
I.lf ot Sorz lfor.
In London the omnibus ;...-. Is vr:i
out In live y-nrs, th- tram ho--.-:v:r.
th" po-'ofli-e h hi six. :. n 1
c.f brewers' in from sir ... '"..
r, ...le the ve.,:ry Lor.-'-s 1 -t f
v. ';r
"A mu-o bath i' an -r-oih-nt treit
n.ent f r a tired n.iri-l." say- a :.:-d o-al
authority. Uu. ot c 'ir-e, i U'.-ii a bath
shouldn't be taken where the Wagner-i-i
n wave a." aouautia hig;h.
The State Authorities Have Com
pleted Details.
GOV. GUARD3 IN READINESS.
Will P.e iivcrultc I .t'i.1 Diit'rd in
Krtletgli AH State I'roop t I'r.j
r i el From I here ti ( hicainati;-...
Incompliance vrith instructions fronx
the Tederal t iovi rnme-.l. the St; f- nu
thoritien are acting qiutly an I witii
despatch iu placing ti e State mi.i:ia 011
a war footing.
Ihe iicsent ipporiii-ntv i b"ii:g
taken a.ivautage of, so tha' wlu :i war
is declared and tho order comes the
Stale militia can be placed iu the I'.tM
without de'ay.
On the .th tne Adjutant (ieneral"
Pej'artmeut completed all arratrg--meuts
for the ti ausi 01 tatiou of tho
State troops to llaleigli iu :i T : .-: ; itiou
of their mohiiiatiou here 1 eiegtni bio
comuiunication was had durui ; the d-iv
mith ice-l'resident St. Ji.!;;;, .f tint
Seaboard, and the officers of the Si nth
eru lUilw ay and At. antic Coast I. mo
relative to the transportation of tio op
to lialeikh, and l efoio n'ght sa'.-fnc-tory
arrangements ha i bteutoo.: c. d
llaeh ef the tlnee lines will - -trx
conveying oi troop t. ! ul -.gu by
special traius. The co t of tra. importa
tion and an angei..e:it of schedule vve;o
ettled yesterday. While the State au
thorities were 111 telegruj hi.' couno im
cation with the ot'icials if t
their agents here were h!-o a;
the secret .
Ihe Adjutant- M-rt mi's
daily coii::ii'i:r...-at o n w ww the
1 artment. .Many 1 f tii- - rJi r
here are secrets an 1 h iv- u ,
vulged.
It is 1.0 secret that the o .ic
'11 Is.
c 1 of
is ill
ti.o
Slate miiitia expect a call tor tu "! - 111
less than a week. Ilve' v ai r ni. ei.o tit
has been made for t he iiiuhi'i.i ion of
the various com aine" iu tim city.
'1 he trooj ., upon tt e;r aiiivn! l i re,
will go into camp, wheit: they wi.l ho
recruited to the war f .ot in.r. which is
Ul 1 men to eio-h coin; any. !'!." iudit.it
w id be fu ly eqiiipi v I. 111-tiucfe i n..d
tlrilled lilid theV liiav l"5 detained ill
I'aieigh lilteen or thi.lv dav
Tho troops wiil tht 11 j
this city to ( lnckaMi.iuga i
Chattanooga, which pine- I. a
lected as military head-pum t
inobiliutioii of the Nation.
The State bears all the e e.
movement of liie troopa uuti!
fr
fo. tio
i:i:..ol
i i ti..
i'V lii it
mustered Pitt the govei 11 no 11 ' novice,
which will be at luck.i: , au ."i. t
course, th-j State m 1 euubni s- t by tho
( iovernmeiit.
The iovti uor's (lUtidLo; rrceive.l
regimentui cr.ieis. fiuin Coi. '.'. I..
Hodman. Iho comi any is iud-re.1 t
recruit the mem! 1 sinji to the full limit,
to I o prepared t move at a mom. nt'
notice and to drill leguluily twn--u
week, ho as to bo re;t ly to e itcr tho
battlefield. - Kalcigh l ,.t
A Tracllin-; I'lanh
Th-most e-xtr.i": 'lir.ai y pl.ir.t ktio.vr
the 'trftveliiig p:.:n" v.iti.-ti hut t
root f?n -id of knot-, by v.-J.i.-h it an
r.UiIlV iVoili'-O' nl'.'It ;-b h ft 0:4
ihe rl vvh.-re itwas fail ro-.'-ol.
riilld.-ltd ' Slinj.k.-i-- !:.i ; of ov r h'-
nervous io-o.ii;, i "I !o.v
can you t.-HV II uidci : d - "Why. 1 t
him on the sfn-i t l ot logi.t, .in 1 he
vvantesl to borrow t.vtipy dollar."
I'uck
Southern Railway.
Pullman Car Service.
In clTtct March 1. I-IH.
Salisbury, Allill, I f t Spring,
Know III- and ' hatlarioo-a.
Wefct J'ulhnttti I)raw ltig-Kotiu Jito-t
boiiiid Sb-eping Curs. bound.
No 15 (IlHsttrn Time.) No Ir
7 oi) pin Lv Snlisbury . . Ar 'J ''') inn
tCt fitrnl J ime. j
fcoOprnAr Slut-s ill- . Lv HCam
'.''J.-, pin " . Hickory... ' 7 ai am
osij-m ". Morgunt'Oi. . " T'g'iaia
flO'Joim". .Marion... " '. loam
fllOpm Hound Knob. " f'ilh'fim
IJlOom " . ...Whoville . ." I .", (, :u
1 '2'J am " . Ilo'. Sj rings. 1 1 i nm
; 00 am ' . Morri'town. " '1 .'!'l 10:1
4 Hi am " . Knoxville.. 1 l."nru
; 7 10 am . f h'lttante.ga. " 10o..j,;;1
(Central lirn-.)
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1 ojfc-.M ri v a; ia 7 iff;
South Carolina 2nd Georgia R. R.
8. L-Pii- in rr-"t o -t. 1, 1-
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Norttbour.d. y I -I v. , nr. 1.
I.eiiTC 5? p rn. J'.i-i ---o..rg.. Arrive 7 v it
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Trains north of an. J. n rur.n dttiiy !
fcuniay.
IriiLi fu' hnrte-t n King-v..
rur.4 da.iy.
for intorn.fciion as t . rii'-1, ' iy I- I.i
Aiong, -I'-., en 1 oa 1 ' t tr'i ti:.g a.,
trave.mg a.g.-n! f t th r a !-. . r
1: v. ihtv.
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U A. r.Mr.IisoN. K P. I.CMPKIN.
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li. It., CtriB- Lhi.-iahur, a. C.
ton, S. C.
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