THE PINEHURST OUTLOOK
they were in 1586, before they had been
spoiled by contract with the whites; be
fore fire-water, as they well termed
whiskey and rum, and diseases which
seemed like followers of the whites had
begun to play their terrible part. These
paintings are copies of the ones in the
British Museum made by Gov. John
White of the first real colony here, that
of 1586 on Eoanoke Island, and they show
what fine looking people the Indians
were; large figured, with comely women
and warriors who really look the part.
Every detail is shown of the dress; the
modes of wearing the hair which distin
guished the married woman from the
unmarried; the dress of chiefs; that of
the conjurers, shamans or medicine men;
the construction of the towns; the modes
of taking fish and cooking them, in the
latter case the "planking" of shad hav
ing been copied from the Indians. These
striking pictures are in the North Caro
lina Hall of History at Ealeigh and they
form a subject for careful study. If The
Tuseororas crushed the neighboring
tribes when they came down from the
North and took possession, for their com
ing was nothing less than an invasion.
Some of the tribes became dependents of
these terrible Indians and joined with
them in their attacks upon the whites, so
that the latter, after the great massacre
of 1711, killed with equal satisfaction
and thoroughness the Tuscaroras and the
Indians of five or six septs, including the
Bear Creek, Matchapungo and others, be
ing careful to kill every Indian boy over
the age of 14, since at that age a boy
became a cadet, the next step to a war
rior. The conquered were sent to slavery
in South Carolina and "Virginia, Bermuda
and other West India Islands, as well as
in North Carolina, and the Governor of
this province got about a dozen as his
portion, which he sold to a West India
planter for 10 pounds apiece.
This forever ended the Tuscaroras in
North Carolina except one portion of
them headed by a sub-chief, Tom Blount,
which aided the whites and in fact was
as eager as they to kill what were known
as the "Enemy Indians." This Tom
Blount was the natural son of a man then
prominent in England and this country,
whoso family is to this day one of the
best known in Eastern Carolina. lie and
his followers were granted 60,000 acres
of land by the grateful Province of North
Carolina, this being in Bertie County and
yet known as the ' ' Indian Woods. ' ' Some
months ago a Tuscarora Indian came
from New York State to see if he could
not obtain some, at; least, of this land,
but it has all passed out of the hands of
the Indians these many years by death,
by intermarriage with the whites and by
sales. 1f The Englishmen were squeamish
in the early days about marrying the In
dian women, and in this respect differed
much from the French, who declared
such marriages to be well advised. Of
unlawful living there was plenty, but
squawmen, that is white husbands of In
dian women, were few indeed among the
English. The French contended that a
great race could have been bred on this
continent by intermarriage, a race with
the best qualities of whites and Indians.
The Indians had few diseases, led the
simple life and lived by their wits every
hour. They were so acute in their per
ceptions that they almost had a sixth
sense. Their scent was as keen as a
dog's, their hearing infinitely good, their
sense of direction that of an animal and
they could go hundreds of miles through
the trackless woods without an error. To
this very day the Cherokees in this State
have a superb development of the sense
of direction, coupled with another Indian
trait, remarkably keen sight. All
through North Carolina in those far away
.lays buffalo and deer and bear were plen
tiful. The Indians had no way of killing
or capturing these or other animals except
with the bow and arrow with stone points,
stone axes, tomahawks, spears and knives,
for they knew not metal; traps and dead
falls and snares made with great clever
ness for small game. Fish they got by
spearing and shooting, by catching with
rude nets made out of grass twine and
with the crushed seed-pods of the buckeye
or horse-chestnut put in a closed basket
which was churned up and down in the
water of a small pond until it stupified
the fish. They also caught fish by means
of a rod and looped horsehair, as the
Cherokees do to this day with rare adroit
ness. The writer has observed Cherokee
men and boys and sometimes women lift
ing trout and jack fish in this fashion
from streams as clear as a dew-drop.
The Indians called their settlements
"towns." Some of these they liked so
well that they may be called permanent,
and in such a case they were surrounded
frequently by palisades, made of logs
sharpened at the top and set a couple of
feet deep in a trench, with an entrance
way arranged like the letter S. Within
were the councilhouse and other buildings,
and near by, the fields of corn and tobacco,
small indeed but yet as to the corn
troubled much by birds, principally the
Carolina Parrakeet, a dwarf parrot, vivid
yellow in color, with wings of blue and
red. This little parrot did not disappear
from North Carolina until about 75 years
ago. In each cornfield the Indians had a
stand made of a pole with notches cut in it,
supporting a platform on which an Indian
sat during the day and when the birds
came he would clap together two pieces
of flat wood and frighten them away.
The Indians made the most of what
they had and they lived well generally,
though in a hard winter in the western
part of the State they must sometimes
have been put to it for provisions, for
they were naturally inprovident, as all
chiidren of Nature are. They were in
veterate hunters and fishermen and it is
therefore not strange that game is
nowhere scarcer than within the Cherokee
boundary, up in high Jackson and Swain
counties. It has in fact become so scarce
that the Indians have forgotten the art
of making clothing from skins and depend
entirely upon the whites for their clothes,
as they do for the cheap shot gun or rifle,
now so useless there, and the fish hooks.
If The ' ' Croatan ' ' Indians, to use the pop
ular name, have rot one Indian word or
affiliation and no footing whatever with
any other Indians. Ever since 1866 they
have tried to get in with the Cherokees,
but the latter deny any kinship. The
Cherokees are true Indians, are wards of
the United States and are not at all sub
ject to North Carolina except for crimes.
They do not vote. The United States
maintains their schools. These Indians
of the Cherokee Nation." The main por
(Concluded on page six)
DIXVILLE NOTCH
NEW HAMPSHIRE
THE BALSAMS, June to October
THE BALSAMS WINTER INN
October to June
New eighteen-hole Golf Course and Club House unequalled in the
Summer Resort Field. Playing length over sixty-three hundred yards.
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for particulars, and write for special descriptive booklet. Tennis,
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As the northernmost point reached by New Hampshire's splendid
system of highways, and famous 'for its rare scenic beauty, Dixville
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supply shops.
Two well appointed hotels in the center of a vast estate embracing
four thousand acres and including farms, dairy, fish-hatchery, hydio
electric plant and abundant spring water supply.
For booklets, reservation or information address,
CHAKL.ES H. GOULD, Manager
Dixville Notch, N. II .
"Choisa" Ceylon Tea
i lb. Canisters
60c
1-2 lb. Canisters
35c
Packed in Parchment-Lined One
Pound and Half -Pound Canisters
We invite compari
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of the same or higher
price
S. S. PIERCE CO.,
BOSTON.
Tremont and Beacon Sts.
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I 5 Milk St (Wholesale)
Coolidge Corner,
BROOKLINE
Just the thing after a round of Golf
ffMk
It
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The Kipkoiood .iJSJJESS
JANUARY TO APRIL
THE BUCKWOOD INN, Shan
18 Hol Golf Cournen Among: the Dcil
T. EDMUND KRUMBHOLZ
IN A