North Carolina Newspapers

gjlEKOZ EE INDINAS ARE r JJOX CITIZENS BUT WARDS I Qp the nation, judge I WEB3 RULES IN QUASH I ING DUNLAP INDICTMENT I \iln viilo Citizen, May 17.? Hold I tlf.,t the Eastern Band of Chero ? - Indians arc not citizens of tin ?jiitc! States, but wards of the gov Jriimen' -fudge Yates Webb, in ?'nitctl States District Court yester Hav, apiicUl a motion of attorneys In(j ,|in>ii? d a bill of indictment tainst 0 V- Dunlap, charging whilt trvins: i'-s register in Jackson County Kc refusoil to allow Indians to reg ister. I Hr. Dunlap, after the alleged re lusfll to ullow the Indians to regis ?cr, while l?e was serving as Demo cratic lv.-i; trar, was indited in Feb ?ral Court. ^ I The case was opened Friday and i. ?ury dm wn ready for the case to , Krnffcd. ? Yestcnlay moniing, Louis Bourne Bttorney for Dunlap, moved that thr Bill of indictment be quashed on th? Broumls that the Indians are not en Btled to vote and therefore should Hot be registered. I After argument by 'Mr< ' Bourne Histrii't Attorney Linney and Thomp.> I Harkins, assistant ^District At Hmey, Judge Webb upheld th< Botion iiiitl quashed the bill. ? District Attorney Linney gave no Bee o /appeal and the case promise. B attract the attention of highei B>urts. B Judge Webb said that he would Bke to see a ruling made by th( Bjrlicr courts on the question of tin Hits of the Indians. Cases as r Besult of the Indian vote are scatter Bdon the dockets of all courts in tht Bl'csteni section. BHie question of whether the In Huns are wards of the government' Hr citizens with the right to vote i* ?rasidered of vital importance an*' Bv appeal will be watched with in B^t according to attorneys! ;y BALSAM Mr. T. R. C. Duncan, accompanied y his son C!a??l, tun! daughter Mir atrie, wont to Ashcville Sunday tc |oo his d.nvrhter, Miss BcUc, who wa: peruted on tor appendicitis in th? reach Broad hospital last week She is convalescing as rapid'v a' mild be expected. Mr. and Mrs. Frank CIousc of | fSylva were in BaLa:n Friday. /? Miss Miiviie Dorr, of V7 aynesvillc [pent the week end with Mrs. M. ( Srech. Mr. R. J. Brvr.on, who is superin tndin ,' the bv.ildi:!'* cf t' e r ad fror oxaway to Sapphire sp^nt tho woe) (w!?l at heme. Mrs. A. F. Doc'.l has returned froi; [liloxi, Miss,. New Orleans and Wc 'Mm Beach, Fk., where she spen he wintor. She is ,'vctt'irj .the IV. B''ni Lod e ;? ? >dv i ito i.?* . J'?ur stsf sonic of v.l.lc!: will so. Ji ' Wc. ?',) Mr. A. E. WoU:, lossee of B.ilsaii fen?s II ?te'., is expr'ftrd to an >'? a few days. Improvement-; n*c 1> >US mad" on the giounds, etc., ar< <?on everybody in Balsam will be as '' busy as a bee"; out Bal::im' people a,p busy ail the time. Mr. Herbert \V irrtrs, of Elbert on j "a-i ,was here last week on business. Mrs. Ma<r<ric Holder, of Winston f . # ? e"i is visiting her parents, Mr. 811(1 Mrs. J. R, McKay. Mi's. Annie Qic-.slex, , w)hc spent ttip winter in New Jersey, returned Monday. - ' ? Mrs. T. M. Richards is spendng a :ew days in Canton, visiting her son, **? J* C. Iiickards. .Mrs. Maybelle Perrv^Mr.and Mr?. Walter Bryson and Mr. C. R. Jones, r-? motored to Cmso Sunday and sl*nt the d.-v. ? ? . Mj-j. I). T_ Knight and Mr. Geo. T. "ie'bt nintr: rod to Wavnesvilje Sat urday. Hon. and Mr.;. W. T. I ec and Mr. Mrs. Tom Lce, Jr., of Wayneo-i 1 twer;> in Balsam' last week. ?r. Robert Queen and family, who v? been visiting relatives in Bal ni have returned to their home in ^tonia. ^ r- Claud Jones and family, who Mr?p)e(n stayino with his father, Jones, left Tuesday for S. c. 8n^' ^ola Jones, who Vas taken tin i home of her ^'"other, Mrs. C. A. Fester, is better ,u;d we hope she will r 'n be nyll. ? ,v %TERAIi SERVICES OF JAMES ?vfjk (.OFTIS HELD HERE SAT. ? t 'The funeral services of James R. Loftis, who died, early Friday, at an Asheville hospital, were conducted, Saturday at noon at the Baptist church in Sylva, by Dr. Ashley Chap pell, pastor of Central Methodist church, in Asheville, assisted by Rev. A. C. Queen, pastor of the East Sylva Baptist church. Inter ment followed at the Keener cemetery. Mr. Loftis was taken seriously ill, early in the week at the Camp /f the Hardaway Construction * Company, below Dillsboro, where he was in charge of the rock work of paving the highway from Dillsboro to Whittier, and was rushed to Ashe ville to the hospita} for an operation physicians and surgeons hoping to save his life; but early Friday morn ing he sucumbred. ; M>r. Loftis, or "Jim" Loftis, as he was affectionately known by his triends, was well-known throughout Western North Carolina, being a native of Transylvania county, and a :nember of one of the most prominent families, of Transylvania and Hen derson counties. ? Several years ago he moved to ?Sylva, and has made his home here, carrying Miss Myra Crisp, one of the county's most estimable young women. Since coming here he has made a large unmber of friends in Jackson county. / ) He is survived by his widow, Mrs. Myra Loftis, of Sylva, his m tlier ' Mrs. J. C. Loftis, of Brevard, twi brothers, Eugene Loftis, of Asheville. and T. ft. Loftis, of. Sylva, and two sisters, Mrs. Charles J. Deaver oi Brevard and Mrs. L. T. Schafer, of Atlanta. '> " 7' : _OAT Mrs. Sue Bryson gave her mother. Mvcs. vYiah Sutton a birthday dinner *<a>t w?.fk. Only a -'?u of the most friends weie present. Mrs. W.H. Jones and two children, Viola and Claude, of Cheoah, are on an extended visit to Mrs. Jones? parents, Mr. and Mrs. R. G. Buchun Mrs. Mary Ann Cabe spent a few days with her son, Mr. Otis Cabe, on East Fort, recently. Mrs. Veda Cabe spent Thursday night with her mother, Mrs. Roxie Higdon. \ * Calvin Wilson has recently erect ed a new store building and installed a gas engine, and is accomodating his many customers by grinding their corn. Rev. Charles Plyler filled his regu lar appointment here Sunday morn ing and evening. . c Miss Edna Jones and Charles Jone/ of Cheoah, ret. n:cd to their homo Sunday after spending a few days here with relatives. Miss Ethel Tcrpin entertained the young folks of the community with an apron party last Tuesday night. The, guests all reported a delightful evei ing. Mr.Colman Buchanan, who is work ing on Cowec, spent the week end with home folks. Miss May Buchanan and Mrs. Elzie Sutton were visiting Mrs. Her niuii Cabe one evening last week. Mrs. N. P. and Mrs. Callic ujpin attend, d *ne funeral nl Mr. James I.oftis', at Sylva, Saturdav. Mr. ! . *j?. C?<be returned to (iov>r gia, ?v:nnd:iy. Mrs. Baston Buchanan and Miss Effie- Barron, sp,nt- Wednesday with their sister and aunt, Mrs. E. B. Cabe. ' . . . < '? "? ? Mr. Hariey Cabe, of Kingspr.rt, ?T'nn.. is visiting with relatives and r'rii nds here. 'C, Mr. George H?*i ey and IkAvey Sutton, of Dillsboro we^p calling ai Mr. Tom Jones', recently. . j *Vtssrsr.; R.-0. .:l:;>don an?r' Jphft Tnriiam are working on the ron-! ' ? Ci.il and Beri'a ITigdcn spen; rh' week end in Welter with tri< .1". MARRIAGE LICENSES r\ ' / . is Frank Crawford to Lula Morgan. Adam Graham to Lina Brooks, both of Swain county. W. F. Home, of Bessemer, Ala., to Mary Parris. / v. Van B. Bryscn to Nellie Evette. Elmer Bryson to Emma > Rogers, both of Haywood county. x Eunice Burchfteld to Maymie Phil lip- / C' ) GULLOWHEE NORMAL CLOSES REMARKABLB TERM I " ~ j Tuesday night, with the senior-, i faculty play, "Come Out of the Kitchen", Cullowhee Normal and In dustrial School, the great state in stitution located in Jackson county, brought to a close the best year's session of it's history. The commencement exercises be ! gan Saturday at 10:00 A. M. with the annual meeting of the trustees of the school. At 8:00 P. M. the joint exercises of the two literary societies, the Colum bian and Erosophian, were held in the school auditorium. On Sunday morning, Rev. J. Ben Eller, Pastor of the First Baptist church of Statesville, preached what wa:j .pronounced one of th? most powerful commencement sermons ever heard in Jackson county. At .0:30 P. M., Sunday, vesper services'- were held on the campus. The graduating exercises of the normal and high school departments were held'^on Monday, the High School hg,vjnjg it's exercises at 5:00. P. M., and. the* Normal department . Prof?>sof"'ttr DVW. . Connor, Kenan . . ' r ? ? ? . Professor of History ? ofthe Univer sity' of Nj'rth Carolina deliveded the . .. coiVungaiqement address at 11 :00, A. M., on Tuesday. ' i The annual banquet was held at 2:00 P. M., on Tuesday, and the ex ercises closed with the senior-faculty pay, at 8.00 o'clock. i'hr exercises were, ,of a hid, character throughout, rtjTrt were well ami largely attended, many people being Jurned away for lack of seat ing capacity, at some $>f the exer -r. CHIEF JUSTICE WALTER ?&LRE DiED MONDAY IK' RALEIGH Walter Clark, chief justice of the supreme cjurt of North Carolina, died at hi ; home in Ra4eigh Monday mcrning - at 8 o'clock. Ho -was striken Sunday morning by what is believed to liave been an attack of apoplexy. ... Judi?e' Clark was taken suddenly ill O shortly after he had prepared to at- ' tend church scrviccs Sunday. His physician advised him to rest quiet ly at home. Two hours later he sank ; into unconsciousness from which lie had not rallied early Monday morn ing. He steadily grew weaker as the day passed but at'l o'clock Monday morning was reported . holding his1 own, though unconscious. Later, hcj sank again and d'ed at 8 o'clock of1 apoplexy. Judq;e Clark had served as a judge in superior and supreme court for 38 viarifi i WallerClark was fcr 22 years chief , justice of the supreme court of Nort!? Carolina and for 12 years an associate justice of the court. Had he lived until next August the chief jiuitic would have bee past his /~8tn year and within a year would have rounded out two score years of judicial service, first as judge of the superior court for four vyears, then for 12 year.* cn the supreme court bench as an associate justice and then a qur.rtcr o'i" a century as chiel justice. lit was born in Halifax coun ty, August 19, 1846. At the Tew Military School -ai Hillsbcio as a youth Judge Clark wa' an outstanding student and though crfiy 15 years of age when the wai came he was asigned ^ko duty as : , drill master in the435tlwr$gU|j(fntf'.ji*. turning to school itfter that service w:?s done .Later- he was ii^ ^-the-. se verest of the fighting} i? Vi-rgfti!a,and was wounded in the hand 'at th:" battle of Sharpsburg. Though : slendjpr lad of 19 he Commanded th rc pect of the entire regiment. . Li- the campaign of 1884, he wa> ! brought forward as a candidate fo; ' but the entry of Daniel 0 - Fowl^, 'ctf.; Raleigh, moved him fr w .tiidraw because', of the fact twi candidates could nc-f run from; th. SK'iid city. The same year (fovtSmo;, Fowlc appinted him to the supreni beach to succeed Justice Merrimo. and he was re-elected thereafter, be ing nominated by the democrats an? endorsed by ' the democrats and en dorsed by both populists and n publican-*; In 1902 he was nominated and 'elected chief justice of the court, th post which he has held continuously ^aince. ? ' . I WORE RESUMED ON W v GLENVILLE ROAD Work :?n Hi .?i:Ue highy.ry fi< u '1 Hckasti^ce to flit r. ville hs been re sumed under bicctionvof tl.t* ?Ui!t highway com&ission, following the granting pf the injucntioh, by Judge. E. Yate? Webb, in the federal court, : allowing the state to retain and use; tha machinery of the' Brooks-Cailo Way Company. . ' . Construction on this road from' Tuckaseigee via the High Falls to : Glc nville had been held up for sevcr ?l weeks, following the forfeiting of I ho contract by -the Brooks-Calloway Company, and awaiting the decision of Judge Webb in the injunction cction. r It is stated that, the state ,hu;h way. commission will hurry the work u iong as fast as ]>ossible; and location has been made on the next f>ro|ect of the same highway from Glenville to Cashier's Valley, and will shortly be advertised for bids. 11 REALTY TRANSFERS W. P. Potts to Ella May Ashe, lot in Sylva, $10.00. T. E. Reed to D; M- Hall, land in Sylva, $840.00. , G. T. Cooper to Mack Ashe, ] 6-10. acres in Sylva, $10.00. W. P. Potts to B. E. Harris, lot in Sylva, $375.00. , ,? Win. j^eitz to W. N. Deitz, 10 acres in Savannah, $50.00. . W. R. Shevril. to C. C. Buchanan, lot in Sylva, $750.00. ; John Aiken to E. H. Aiken, 5 acres irtCancy Fork, $250.00. James Wood to "W.O. Parker, 1-2 acre in Caney Fork, $60.00. John D. Davis to Lillie GrindstafT 1-2 acre in Cullowhee, q>10 00. S. J. Hoxit to John JS. Hooper and J. H. Long, 118 acres in Hamburg $10.00. R. E. Cox to Connty Savings Bank 65 acres in Cashier's Valley, $5.00. Isley and Bunch to J. N. Fisher, ;agent,land in Hambuig, $2000.00. C.S.Ensley to Dewitt Rector, lot in ,$i00f00r ... - ^ B. E. Harris to M. Buchanan, Jr., lot in Sylva, $275.00. J. L. Dillard to W. D. Warren, lot in Sylva, $10.00. Mrs." Lena Wallace to J. C. Shook, lot in Cullowhee. Elizabeth Allnian et al to John Alltnan, land in Webster, $10.00. V. L. Gascway to Geo. Styles, 1-2 acre in Qualla, $10.00. i Ed Fisher to Fred Nations, land in Sylva, $10.00. W. C. Ensley to A. C. Cope 54 acres in Cullowliee, $10.00. Angleine Bradley to A. C. Cope, 5 acres in Cullowhee $10.00. A. C. Cope to Stntc Board of Ed ucation, land in Cullowhee, $2015.00. John E. Tritt. executor to P. >. Adams, 16 acres in River, $30.00. W. F. Holden to John W. Mon teith, 170 acres in Hamburg, 2500.00 J. C. McCrackea to Horace Brttcc. 21 acres in Callow lieo, $10.00. W. 0. Buchanan to Sylva Supply Cm., lot in Sylva, jW.'M). \ ? ? ? SHOAL CREEK v ' 1/ ? i . i . . Mr. and Airs. Deck Sutton, Mr. and Mrs.Ed Hall and Mr. John Parks were guests at Mr. J. E. Battle 's Sunday. . < - , Mr. Lattie Blaclcwcll and family, of Sylva spent the week end at Mr. C. A. Bird's. Rev. HI A. Biyans and family and Mr. J. K. Terrell dined at Mr/ H. G. ,i>ex^^od's/^Sunday.'- * ? * R6v. B? S. West was the gucct of Mr. W. H. Hoyles, Sunday.,., - ? Messrs,, J. rfi. Hughai, J." 6 Ter rell- and ^ut^er^JIfq^e ypentf.ta-Clil Mr. and Mrs. Willie HjbvraUttt&fe Law *r ' ?day.- J" 'db.Wf.'- C.r Martin spent Sunday ct Mr. D. A. Martin's, at Cherokee. Mrs. Charies Hyatt and Mrs. ine Brd^p-; spent WddnesdajL-with Mrs. Q.{T. Cooper.^ * A? zie Mciiolson, of Cullowhee I /isitfed at Mr. J. L. Wiggin 's Sun day Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Parker, of Olivet Mr. Chas. Enslev of Beta and Mr. J. R Mcsser were visitor at jShoal Creek Sunday. '' Mr. and Mrs. Thad Varner called at Mr. "G. T. Cooper's Monday even ing. ' ? Mr. and Mrs. J. E.' Hoyle called at Mr. D. L. Oxner's Sunday fcftcr noon. v , Mr. Wayne Battle has returned Jrom a tnp to Canton. Mr. Addicon Mathews who has been seriously ill at Canton is re ported improving. EDUCATORS AND EDITORS TO GATHER AT CULLOWHEE FOR DEDICATION OF MOORE BUILDnTO. ' ? f | - One of the largest and most im portant gatherings to be held in Western North Carolina this season will be the joint meeting of the Western North Carolina Press Asso ciation and the IntermontEducational -s f Council, to be hel4. at Cullowhec on May 29 and ? 30, at the time of the dedication of the Walter E. Moore building, the handsome, new dormitory juat completed. Governor Morrison, Gov. Dough - ton/ Superintendent A. T. Allen," State' Auditor Baxter Durham, and other notables are expected to be present. The newspaper people ana othei-j will be- guests of the school iiKthiNnrft diftnritoiy. The program for the meetings fol lows: THURSDAY, MAY 29: . 2;0O P. M. ? Separate meetings of Editors and Educators ? for* the . purpose of attending, to routine: business matters, and in 'order to consider the part. ea?h* Vffl take in the larger program*. ' " 3:00 P. M.- ? Dedication of Waftef 'E. Moore Building. Review' of. History of Building, Professor R. L. Madison. Remarks bjf Wahjcr E,. Atofltfe/ Address, Hon. .kT:A? Dou?hto?i, State Tax Commissioner.,: -*? * 7:30 P. M. ? Banquet, Mrs. E/ L?- M<^* - Kee, Toastmaster. . ' ;-r. V 8:30 P. M.- -Joint meeting of Edi' tors and Educators. Address: The Newspaper as an educational Institution, Charles A. Webb, President North Ga-r olina Press Assc ciation. Address : A. T. Allen, Sta4y& Sup erintendent cf Public Instruc tion. ' FRIDAY, MAY 30: 8:30 A M. ? Meeting of Western North Carolina Weekly Pro:i> Association. "? Subject: Why,; to wh$t and how sh:mld the pr??s' sup Noah M. Hollowell, Editor Iten-" dcre; u\ ille News, leader. Subject: How can the . school f* Jks c:id the newspapo * people best co-operate in the upbuilding of Western N. C. f" D. Hiden Ramsey, Editor Ashe ville Tidies, leader. - v 8:30 A. M. ? Meeting of Intcrmont Educational Council. .Subject: What is ncccssary to ma"ke the Cullowhee Normal the Teacher-Training institution Western North Carolina needs'? President H. T. Hunter, leader. 10:30 A. M. ? Press party and. others leave Cullowhee for outing at Lake FairlieUl and Cashiers Val W- ? , " . V ? LAKE IN CASHIERS TO BE REBUILT Mr. F. W. Cole was in the city a few days :igo, from Cashier's Valley, mid informed a reperter of this paper thiit the dam cn tho lake in Cashiers Galley will be rebuilt be-* fore the cummer tourist season cpcht providing additional play ground facilities for tourists in that favorite lvgicn. i The lake was built a few vrar.-s ago, in Ca hier's Valley, 011 the( headwaters ( f the Chattooga River but during a flood, it became neces sary to dynamite it-. This time it will be constructed permanently, of concrete and other materials that will last. RESOLUTIONS OF RESPECT UNAKA LODGE N0.2C3, A.F.&A.M. May 17, 192!. . >. . /Whereat, The Divine Au lftoct hjis visited our precincts, laid Ills hand upon oqr (esteemed brother, W. L~ Henson, and removed him fij;:i cur teidot to -the Celestial Lodge ab -w filling our hearts with sorrow at t.i? loss of this estimable man and raa* ton, who met. ail men upon the ]? vtl. acted upon the plummet ' and stood four squxrre for the noble things < of life, Resolved: thajt^asbest we can, we bis sorrowing biotl/etjy, accent* with resignation his departure, e*?de$vor to emulate his example, andjbe thank ful for his sojourn among us, and the influence for uprightness and pure living. % ??, Resolved, that We express] ,to his family our dcep'symjjathies in this hour of sore trials . 0. B. COWA#D,\ . A' ;>V. DAVl% ? ' / , , J. L. BKGTY^ES^ Committee. ?<? METZ MAKING BIO DEVELOP MENT IN HAMBURG. LARGE SCENIC LAKE TO BE 00N - STRUCTED ALMOST ON SUM MIT ..1 BLUE R.JWR Work has si;, Med on the -:?? tion of a large scenic lake, in Ham burg township, almost on the sum mit of the Blue Ridge, on the lieud waters of Hurricane Creek, j Mr. Charles J. Mctz recently purchased a large bounday i^ Hamburg and Cash ier's V alley townsihps, from S. P. Kavenel and others, and on Tuesday of this week, he began the prclimin- > ary work of trimming out th<^ hike site, for what promises to be one of (he biggest tourist developments yet attempted in Western North Coro- , I inn. Tin- lake will be almost on top of the Blue Ridge, at an altitude of ap proximately 45001 feet, and will li?; -fong the state highway froju Svlva '0 ' t6 Cluster's Valley, in a big, nntural r . -4 basin, that was evidently, some thous ?'iii-ls of years ago. the bed ot a na tural lake. The location is on* cf the many ^caafitiil ones to be found in South 'oin. i*son county. It is undersiood t '* "* , Metz will develop :he en t'lT- property, and .viil establish wimst camps, club houses, and sum "ucr heme estates on hi.' lar^c hold . -!?'*!. I * *' . , r^;.e uow lake to be constructed by Mr Metz will be the fifth ol the five litost1* beautiful artificial lakes in West'cVn Norths Carolina, ilia*, arc Itca'.ed in Jackson county and with in a. radius of some twelve mile*. Luke Fairfield ,is the oldest, find is unsurpassable in beauty. Sapphire isViro ("her beautiful lake, along wiiieli xJlfce stood Sapphire Inn, but now is estate of Mr. J. T. Lupton. The lovely lake, built year.; ? airo o:i the Hajnptou estate, i; at Hig't. Hampton, , where a new r*6tel s being built, one of the best *?*lf cour .es 'in America is being laid /Jut, and oth'ep developments are b:i ihg madCybv Mr. E. L. McKcc. The Lakd in Cashier's Valley is being re built, and now Mr. Metz is to add another lake and other developments to Southern Jackson county's fast growing tourist business. For the benefit of our brethern of the press, we wil1 admit that it is ob viously unethical to editorialize in a news story; but we can't refrain from adding, right here, that it is an undisputed and indisputable' fact that so far as scenic beauty is con cerned, Jackson county has them all backed clear off the map. . JACKSON COUNTY TO HONOE WORLD WAR VETERANS The people of Jackson county Vill io n in a picnic, in honor of iho World War Veterans, at Sylva, W Mav 30. ' ? \ This picnic lias been planned by the American Legion Auxiliary. Ther^ ^ will he a ball game, some community singing, and an old-fashioned picnic spre-id: nothing formal, nothing tire some; just .a good tinw . for every body,. most especially "the boys' v Come along, t bring, your fjiiiify and ft nicti .basket "6f dinner. Lets show out ex-service men that we have not for gotten what t'icy did for us in 1917. and that tlie pr raises we., made then then were .npi'siflH^E BM&t'sv * ADDITIONAL ^AnSmJES FILE IN hEMOC$&TO'ffcIltA?IBS ?v..*; ' j * ? / The complete list of eandidatcs iw f-re|the Democratic primages, a; filed before the county borrd ol elections, are: *' . For iJr i "Jonn D. Norton, and C. I;. A?l.s n. For tor cf deeds: Walter Asl-c Miss Je re McCall, Ernert Monteltli, and Lewis Xortcn. For * ' it > '*e~ip'or : Han Tornpk"u% , Tbad C. Brvs^n, and Walter ?. Moore. For 1 representative. Pro!*. l.oberi L. Madison. I For Sheriff: X. Ia Sntton, Chr.ch Wike, John C. Buchanan. I . For county c>n!mi-r?i?*?'"'s?:' If I': Pickl'-is.utr, B. Nort?n, Carl Jami son. and Ben N. Qt?-?u. -For Judge Rc"ordi'.s Oonit. Jjcseph J. Hooker, and F. H All?yf Jr. ? (? ; < " . t or Auditor: J. W. Devi*.