THE PINE KNOT.
SOUTHERN PINES. IN. C,
Kentuckians will have to give up the
idea of the States possessing Idiamcnd
fields. At the session of the American'
Institute of Mining Engineers in St.
Louis the other day the subject came up
for discussion", and it -was demonstrated .
by Professor Ashburner, cf Philadelphia,
that the only basis for such a belief was
the rem irk of Henry Carlton Lewis be
fore the British Academy of Scientists,
trat a slight similarity existed ; between
ihe trap rock of Eastern Kentucky and
the diamond region of Southern Africa.
A newspaper correspondent, however,
had reported hirn as saying that dia
monds mig'.t be found in the blue grass
State. ' .-iV--
A writer in the Brooklyn Union says
A long time ago I wrote the opinion of
an experienced publisher that Mrs. Julia
Dent Grant, or in other words the Grant
family, would derive, in the end, $750,
OOO from the writing of Genej-al U. .S.
Grant. Inasmuch a3 Mrs. Grant has
"already received $350,000 and will get
at least $150,030 more from the work
which Grant finished just before his
death, it will be no difficult matter to
make the material left by Genej-al Grant
for another work yie'd he r&rnaining
$250 00. The work to follow the war
record will be practically a history of
Grant's two terms President of the
United States. It will be even more in
teresting to the masses than the war rec
ord, but will lack the merit of being the
personal compilation of Grant. His notes,
however, will supply all the facts. A
fair share of the persons who purchase
the war record will want the Presidential
history. Therefore the success of the
work is absolutely as-ured in advance.
Colonel Fred. Giant has the matter in
hand. I am told that he proposes to be
the publisher himself." ;
An American who has spent some
months in Liberia writes privately from
Monrovia, the capital, that it is built on
a bed of iron ore, nearly pure; that it
contains 5,000 inhabitants, only few of
them white, divided into natives, the
Liberians, or children born there of. for
eign parents, and immigrants. The
Krco3, an aboriginal tribe, were . formerly
the slave dealers of the; coast, and each
man has a blue tattoo mark in the mid
dle of his forehead, extending to the
nose. The women paint themselves from
head to heel, many having the Liberian
or American flag painted on their brows,
but never the British flag, which they
hate. The girls, as soon as they can
walk, are put into the gree-gree bush, a
kind of. barbarous convent, where they
are taught their duties as women and
wives. They are usually sold; at birth
for connubial purposes, at about $15
each, or half a dozen for $75.' A man
may have as many wives as he has money
to pay for. The boys are kept in the
bushuntil" fourteen, when they are con
sidered of rge. If the boys or girls dis
close the secret's of their bush, or are
caught in another bush than their own,
"they are , publicly put to death. The
country has some 700,000 aboriginals,
with 20,000 rersons of colonial 6tock,
and nearly all the semi-tropical products
are indigenous there. The government
is modeled exactly after ours. It was
declared an independent state in 1847,
and, the years following, was recognizee
as such by Great Britain and France.
The climate, which was once considered
fatal to Europeans, has "been recently
much improved by clearances,: drainage
and the like, and bids far untimately tc
be inhabite I. by the Western races.
Poetry is the blossom and
the fra-
grance of all human knowledge, human'
thoughts, human passions, emotion, lan-
A PIE FACTORY.
TURNING OUT FROM 20,000 TO
50,000 PIES A DAY.
The Biggest Pie Bakery In New
Yrk, and How It Is Operated
The Various Processes ;
Marketing the Pies.
In a little shop in Sullivan street a
rosy-cheeked woman sits behind a coun
ter on which are a dozen or two pies. If
one asks her where she buys them the
answer will be: "Oh, I don't buy them;
they are made here." Instinctively one
looks to see where pies can be made in
or about this place, and with a word of
direction from the owner of the red
cheeks the visitor climbs a pair of stairs,
in the rear of the shop, and at the - top
he finds himself in the office of the most
extensive pie baking company in New
York. It is soon evident that the
little shop underneath doe3 not, by
its- size, represent this business.
On every side are large storehouses
and workrooms where supplies are kept
and . where they are soon to be made into
pies. , To gain some idea of the work
done, this place has eleven ovens, each
capable of sending out 1,300 pies every
half hour. The dally average is 20,000,
and from the middte- of November until
the end of the holidays t ranges from
35,000 to 50,000. And as the manager
proudly says, "Mr. Vauderbilt has no
better goods." The prime favorite is the
p'e of our fathers the o'd-fashione'd ap
1 le. Tli3te are made the year round.
Then comes the mince, which are just be
coming popular, and will continue
through cold weather. And after these
peach pies rank highest in popular es
teem. .When the fresh fiuit can be ob
tained it is always used. Pumpkin and
squash pies, custard and cocoanut, follow
in the order named, and then come plum,
lemon and cranberry: In the season
seyenty-fivc bushels of huckleberries are
placed between flaky layers of crust and
about thirty bushels of blackberries are
also used in the sama manner. Red rasp-
uerry pie is a new candidate for popular
favor, and its use is steadily increasing;
100 dozen of pineapples are used daily in
the three months they are in season. But
the pie that makes the mouths of the men
who work them water is the one made of
apricots. It is the most expensive of all,
however, and as all pies are sold at a fi ed
price, no matter of v. hat they are made,
it is. not well to advertise this particular
one. , ' s.
It requires 10 persons to make and
market the 20,000 pies. In one room are
a score or more of women, who cook and
season the fruit3." One boy pare?, by a
hand machine, the apples, and unless he
has disposed of twenty-seven barrels in a
day he does not think he has done much.
W ere the work do jc by steam the apples
could not be cored a3 n'ecly as they are.
Art the specks are removed and they are
given to girls to sl.ee. When this is
done they are cooked by steam and are
sept down stairs, where a man i&xe
with them sugar and spice. This fis a
work of art, and not every one can be
trusted to decide the exact quantity to be
used. .
The making of
leading feature.
ncemeat is aTso a
currants arc all
carefully washed
ot water, the rai-
sins are looked (over,
litmors measuredVand
the spices and
the bi ru.ts of
f3 I
meats cooked, before thev comftinto th
hands of the woman who combines them
into the one harmonious whole thnt will
help to make a pleasant Thanksgiving.
This woman is re illy an artist in her way,
and her wages would compare favora ,ly
with these of persons occupying showier,
if not tastier, places, When the mince
meat is prepared it is put down in brandy
and stored away for use when desired.
The dishes are washed by three
women, who do nothing else. The most
surprising feature is the cleanliness that
characteri es all the workrooms and all
the workmen. Nothing but the best
quality of sugir, lard, flour and fruit is
used. In the crust room only two men
are at work ; two of them are busy mix
ing the flour and la:d; onei man covers
the bottm of the -pie tins with this
crusi, anotner nils tnem with the sea
soned fruit, and a third rolls out the
upper crust, and, having first fancifully
marked it, he deftly covers the pie w ith
it, and, with three or pats of his hand,
cuts off the overhanging crust, plate?
the pie on a crate, which, when i full, is
lowered by an elevator to the bake room,
and in half an hour it comes out a rich
golden brown color, and of aoualitv fit
to tickle the palate of a kins. Two
hundred and sixty thousand
eggs
and
350 barrels of sngar are used each month
in producing tnis mass oi pastry.
Five sizes of pies are made, and known
to the trade as "home-madet" the twelve
inch, nine-inch, seven-inch and "but
tons." These sell -at wholesale for 4?,
18, 11, 5 and 4 cents each. A a the
"home-mades" will cut into eight pieces,
selling for ten cents a pie e, it is not dif
ficult to see how, with a profit of 50 per
cent., some of the proprietors of restau
rants about the City Ha 1 have made for
tunes since they went into business.
One of them, who has a place much fre
quented by pie-eating politic ans, has
$500,000 in real estate and first mortgage
securities.
The manner of conducting the business
is much the same with all the large pie
houses, i Each has a man who is a mem
ber of the Produce Erfchane, and he
buys goods for his house whenever op
portunity, in the thipe of low prices, of
fers. The wages paid nre good, the
bakers getting $2.50 a day, the drivers
$2 and the women from $5 to $10 a week.
The latter, at the end of working hours,
retire to a nicely-appointed dressing
room, and shortly reappear clad better
than most women one sees on Broadway.
Their work, while constant, is not diffi
cult. It 13 healthful, and "most of them
stick to it until they marry..
The pie wagons are ingeniously made
to carry ; about 000 each with perfect
safety. Cupboards are piaccd on each
jside, and an aisle wide enough for a man
to walk in lies between. These ho'd the
twelve-inch and smaller sixes. The big
I4 'home-made" pies are ordered the day
before they are wanted, and the driver
ha a box und.r his seat especially made
to hold them. A close estini te places
the number of wagons in this business
in and about .New York at 100 ; G00 men
and women are kept coustantlv busy;
5,000 quaits of milk are daily used; 250
horses arc in service, while 1,0C0 barrels
of su ar and .850 tierces of lard, with
spices' to cor. espond, are consumed each
month.
Formerly housekeepers demanded more
pies in summer thau at any other season,
but now that the seashose and mountains
become the qniet tini3 for the business,
and a brisk d.-mand does not be-in until
autumn. So long r s New York contin
ues to eat 50,000 jdes per day, her critics
and censors in the great West nd else
where need not a tirm t rat she is in her
decadence and is losing her hold on
things temporal. New York Commercial
Advertiser. .
Preserving: Wild Game.
One of the prfneipal and proudest ob
jects of . the Yellowstone National Park
and its supervision is, to give the royal
game of the Rocky fountains a chance
to flourish there without let or hindrance.-:
No one being peimitt d to hunt within:
the limits of the reservation, which is
larger than some of the older States, all
the wild animals and birds of the West
are now congregated there; and it must
be a luxry to the "poor beasties" worth
having this immunity -from slaughter,
very much on a par with the peace which
comes to human communities,- aftei
being harried and worried by long years I
01 aesolatsng wars. Here are to be seen
in- their native wild3 and their native
glory such noble specimens of American
game as the mountain buifalo, the moose
or moss deer, the elk, the antelope, the
mountain Uheep, the different varieties
of deer and all the carnivora that in
habit ths uplands. And nearl, all these
animals have already become so t:une as
to pay little or no heed to the presence
or approach of the tyrant man. We
passed one day within a few rods of us
a rloi k of wild cesc, feeding in a field
along the roadside as unconcernedly as
any of their domestic descendants in a
farmer's poultry yard, and the wild ante
lope (r'Thai starts when'er the dry leaf
rustics in fthe brake," so wild and "wary
that I believe I've spent more hours in
honest endeavor to get 'within gunshot
of him on the plains than of all the rest
of the game tribe of whatever name or
nature), this graceful creature, now in
the park, is in the habit of stopping and
turning to watch and wonder at the
movements of the various visitors with a
curiosity devoid of :ear. What a splendid
k i J,i 1.
boon is this to the wi d beasts and birds
of our country ! and if noth ng more
were meant by it than their preservation
and perpetuity, the setting a art of this
gre t ame preserve for all time is not
only highly creditable to the government.
but more particularly to the wisdom and
sagacity of the man who first conceived
' the project and pressed it to a successful
issue in tne nans or congress. American
Field.
WORDS OP WISDOiL
Truth, like the sunbeam, cannot be
soiled by any outward touch.
It Is the struggle and not the attain
ment that measures character.
A weapon should be taken away fronv
but not given to, an angry man.
Imitation and sham in any character
are but synonyms for weakness.
Gcod will, like a good name, is gained!
by many actions and lest by one.
Depend upon it, he i3 a good man
whose intimate friends arc all good.
Great good often remains unaccom
plished, merely because it is not at
tempted. Creed i3 meant to influence conduct.
Character is the aim and the test of
dot-trine.
Opinions alter, maimers change, creeds
rise and fall, but the moral law is written
on tablets of eternity.
Don't judge a man by the noise he
makes in this world. Two trade dollars
in the pocket will make more jingle than
$10,000 in bills.
Beautiful souls are often put into plain-,
bodies; but they cannot be hidden, and
have a power all their own, the greater
for the unconsciousness or humility
which gives it grace.
To repress a harsh answer, to confess
a fault, to stop, whether right or wrong,
in the midst of seif -defense, in gentle
submi-sion these, sometimes, require a
a great struggle for; life and death, but
these three eff rts are the golden threads
of which domestic' happiness i3 woven.
New York's Italian Colony.
The Italians in this city have grown
strong incumbers during recent years
and feel such a fondness for the country,
and especially for the city, that it is
thought that no tody of immigrants ex
cept the Irish and German embrace so.
large a proportion of citizens as they.
There are between thirty-live thousand,
and forty thousand Italians in the city,
half of whom came h re during the last
fourteen years, and at least fivy thousand.
i Jave adopted this country for th.ir own.
I In julgmg the Italian colony as a whole
there is pie.isant news to relate. They
are not only becoming citizens and evinc
ing an interest in national and local
affairs, but with the loss of their former
desire to hoard up a few hundred dollars
and return to Italy to loaf out a poor ex
istence on a starvation allowance, there
has been noted a very great and deep
improvement in th?ir condition here.
They are buying property, sending their
children to tchojl, enlarging the area of"
their occupations and elevating "them
selves in every way.; They are an ardent
people, nnd no sooner do they perceive
the possibilities that, industry and good
citizenship offer than they eagerly em
brace themi The maimer in which they
buy property illuEtrate3 this characteris
tic. Long before one of them has money
sufficient to buv a house he fin s two or
three or a dozen others with equally small
funds of savings, and all together they
buy a house, live in it or rent it, divide
the profits, aHU are presently able to sell
to one of their number or to speculate
further. This is particularly the case
with the Genoese.; But among the
Italians are many individuals who are
large property owners (leaving out such,
families as the Fabris and others of the
aristocracy of Italy and confining these
notes to the masses of peasantry), as, for
instance, Antonio Cuneo, who owns
200,000 worth of property in Mulberry
and Bayard streets. New York JIi.ra.ld.
Telegraphing From Moving Trains.
The Council Bluff division of the Chi
ca-o, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad
has been equipped with the Edison-Gilli-land-Smith
system of telegraphing be
twe n moving train stations. This sys
tem consists of placinir telegraphic in
struments on one c ir of ach train and
the use by induction of the ordinary tele
graph wire at th ; side of the track with
out interfering with the regular tra'Iic
over the wires. By tlrs method all pos
sibility of collisions is done art-ay with, as
each train is in c mstant communication
va ue of thU Tn vtinn , , .
I value or tnia invention as a preventive
of collisions on single track roads cannot
ue overestimate 1. V ith it in use a train,
mny Jtart out for a 5('j nab run and re
po.t every inch of its progres to the dis
patcher without stopping. We are yet
yo-ing as to what can be a complishcd by
the inductfc-e system of telegraphy, but
this device reduces the chances of injury
by collision on a railroad almost to a
cipher. A great future appears to lie
before it. Railway Ilccietc.