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RICHEST REDSKINS. mm, - ii f Th cy arc t h e Navaj os in Nort h -eastern Arizona. Facts of Interest Abou, the Southwestern Indians. Probably the-wealtliicst of our to tally uncivilized Indians arc theXava jos, whose country is in the north eastern corner of Arizona. Their herds of animals and flocks of sheep are always in sight from the car windows- of the Atlantic & Pacific Kail way. They do not all follow pastoral occupations, but many chiefs own productive fruit and vegetable farms, the product of which finds a cenven ient market infanta Fe and Albu querque. For many vears they have been quiet and they are, Fn fact, too weal hy to go on the warpath and risk their fortunes. A short time after the rebellion the v " bewail raiding and pillaginjr, and troops were 6ent after them. The shrewd commander sup plied his men with axes, and starling ut one end cf their lands he moved forward, cutting down their orchards, destroying' their crops .and shooting any animals found in his path.. This sort of waifuro was too much for them, and after they had lost the re . suit of vears of labor thev sued for peace and have since been quiet. Among this tribe are found the ex pert weaver of the noted Navajo blanket, so much prized in the East as a cur o-ity. The finer varieties arc valued at $o0 or SCO in the Navajo country, while small saddle blankets -sometimes sell for $10. .Scattered through this country arc the ruins of many af obe" towns, which were un doubtedly the settlements of that strong tribe of which the Zuni and Moki Indians are the living representa tives. Along the southern line of Utah, are seven large cities, of course now in ruins, which were built by this almost extinct nation. Their style of architecture U found all over Arizona, and thcro is almost conclusive evidence that they were exterminated by the more ferocious Apaches. The Zunis were undoubtedly a peace-loving peo ple, and the implements found in the ruins prove that they practised many of the ruder rts, such as making pot tery and the weaving of wool for clothing. huii the horde i of Apaches came from the North 'tl.o Zunis defended their cities until they were forced tip into the clifls and mounains, where many deserted cl'.fl dwellings are found. Soinetimcs'on the bare face of clifls 200 feet high oncinds these dwellings of three and four stories high. To cut into these rocky preci pices the first workmen were lowered over the edge by ropes until suflicicnily large cavities to. serve as habitations were dug out. One member of each family was always left at home to lower rope ladder for the absent ones to ascend on their return. These dwcllirgg show that every precaution was taken to enable the occupants to withstand a siege, because in many are found stone cisterns to hold water and deeper recesses in the rear which probably served to store away pro visions and firewood. With nich ad vantages on the side of the uUimately defcated and exterminated nation, the Apache and Zuni war must have been along and bitter one. It is with the greatest difficulty that I he Southwestern Indians may be in duced to speak of the dead, so if they have an interesting " tradition or his tory, their custom of being silent con cerning dead comrades presents' any knowledge of their past from reach ing us. They have no written lan guage, though inany can stiil commu nicate by means of signs and biero , glyplncs. Association with whites divorces them from many aboriginal customs and prejudices, and this is especially the case with friendly Iu- : dian scouts many of whom, re-enlis year after year and live at the frontier posts on terras of equality -with the troops. The employment of Apaches n the Government service has done nuch toward their civilization. Thir teen dollars per; month, comfortable quarters, a clothing allowance, and an abundant ration would wean any sav tge from a desire to live under pre- Wisely reverse conditions, with the only reward being tba of following a career of raid V - trig and murder, wilc in return being continually phased through Mexico," New Mexico and Arizona, without aj opportunity to ret or see his family, licfore Mayor Tupper gave the war like Chircahuas their severe blow in the Hatchet Mountains hi 1883. welrad no agreement with Mexico allowing us to cross the liue in pursuit of hos- tues, ana every massacre was iouoweu by nothing more than -a' chase to the border, where, if the Indians arrived i nrstj, they raised their hands to their noses and smiled at the troops. The good effect of Tapper's jfjght induced the Mexicans to allow us to follow a hot trail, i. e., one not more than eight hours 'old, and as" the age of the trail is a matter of opinion,' it is evi dent that considerable latitnde is al lowed, and the pursuing party may push on after the hostiles should there be a chance of overtaking them, even though the trail be sixteen hours old. New York Tribune. Oil on Troubled "Waters. The saving of the steamer Miranda by the use of oil a few days ago has brought up again for discussion among seamen the peculiar wave-stiiling power of oil.' The Miranda had put out from St. John's, N. F., and was caught in a. terrible hurricane. The ship -vaa about to founder when the . - i captain thought of oil. Thirtv gallons saved the ship, worth thousands of dollars. I Jieard Captain Santclli of La Gas cogne explaining oil's actioirto some old salts not long ago. 4 'Oil coes not subdue the huge swell by any means," he said, "but smooths and tones down it. ripples, each of which gives the wind a point of purchase. The film of oil is like a membrane .floating on the surface of the water, hampering its motion. "When the seawaier is pure there is nothing to oppose its contractions and extensions. Now cover the surface with oil and the con tractions are not possible. This cflect of oil on the small waves conduces to the breaking of the large waves, which are the sailor's special dread. It is the breaking waters which do the mischief and these ar.e quieted by oil." Captain Santclli made a suggestion that oil might be used with advantage at exposed lighthouses to break the force of the waves. This could be done, he thinks, by placing a eouplo of steel buoys at a distance of about one hundred and fifty feet from the ljghthou.se. A pully and light rope' on the. buoy would enable 4hc bag of oil Qr.other appliance to distribute tho oil p be hauled in when desired. .NewYork Star. A Remariiable Quadruped. A Fr.euch periodical,: the "Monde Artiste., (idtroduces to our notice a quadruped whose acquaintance is cer- ainly worth making. The dog to which we refer belongs to a fatmly csiding iii Darmstadt a most musical family, for every member 61'- it and t reckons-eiglit plays some -musical instrument or other from morn in "-'till light. Even the servants have been taught to play, muhto the tor.urc of the 'neighbors; and hardly less at first was the infliction felt bv the db- in question; who used to slink out of tho house in order to escape the conflicting sounds of the vat ions instruments. It was determined, however, that the animal should also receive a musical education, and to this end he was made to stay beside his master's chair, let him bark and whine as he might. Further, to teach him music, every time a false note was played he re ceived a cut from a whip, and thus his ear w as formed and his education completed. Gradually, says the Monde Artiste, the animal got to un derstand that each stroke of the whip he received signified that a false note had been played, and soon a look suf ficed to make him howl at the right moment. At tho present time he recognizes a note that is out of 'tune without being teuched or looked at; and when taken to a concert or other musical entertainment, if a performer makes a mistake he sets up a howl of disapproval, aud can only be reduced to 6ilence by the voice of his master, who sometimes has eren to leave the hall with the animal to avoid disturb ing the proceedings. Professor: Which teeth come last? Pupil :The false one, sir. f Detroit Free Press. NATIONAL AIRS. . t - Extensive Collection by (he -Marine Band Leader. - ' An Many Curious Facts Brought Out in a Long Search. One of the most remarkable works dver published under the authority of the govenimqutis the book jUst out by Mr. John Philip Sousa, conductor of the United States Marine Band, which contains the national - and.- patriotic songs of nearly every nation, in the world. The preparation of .this book occupied about two years of fairly close labor, although even before work was commenced in earnest Mr- Sousa had been gradually gathering material since 187C. It was then that the. idea first suggested itself to himfvhen Lands f rom forcigij countries' came to Philadelphia at the Centennial Expo sition. . Some curious facts are brought to light by an examination of this col lection, .which includes about 250 airs Turkey furnishes one which is full of minor chords of wild, discordant har mony, which is supposed to be charac teristic of a people closed in from con tact with more enlightened and cul tured pcopfe, and also another 6ong with a stirring theme nd broad, full harmony, which indicates that the composer had had tho advantage of a musical education in Germany. The airs of the Spanish Islands arc dreamy and soft, as might be expected, while a surprise is found in O Equimo In dian air that is tender and sweet aud would dp credit to any nation. The beauty f this, however, is brought out in the harmony by Mr. Sousa.' The air which we know as "America," but which is the English "God Save the Queen," belongs to r.o less than seven different nations, and even the music of the "Star Spangkd Banner," "Yankee Doodle" and."Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," have been appro priated from airs sung in EuroVe long before the United States was a latipV. After Mr. Sousa had commenced his work officially there were three na tions that changed their national airs on account of change of government; oi ruler Brazil overthrew the "em peror and became a republic, and tho present national air was the result of a competitive contest made Jast June. Portugal adopted a new air. when the young King Carlos was proclaimed, and Nicaragua j selected a new one when she elected a new president. Some of 'the airs from out-of-the-way places were whistled or sung to 3Ir. Sousa, and he, noted them down and then harm'onized theni afterward. Austria's national hy mu was writ ten by Ilayden, who' was prompted to his task by hearing God Save the King" sung in England, while In New Zealand the national anthem was com posed in an effort to secure a prize of ten guineas offered by a newspaper. Bohemia's national air forms a prom inent part of Balfe's overture to Thc Bohemian Girl," and Nicaragua's state hymn was written byva member of the government band. One singular fact is developed, namely, that the smallest republic in tho world,- that of San Marino, has the longest national song. It consists of twelve verses, each with a different time. -Washington S:ar. Br. Koch's Daily Lire. Dr. Koch, says the Berlin corre spondent of tbe London Daily News,; is no early riser; on tho cpntray, he only gets up at 9 o'clock, unless there be some particular reason for com mencing his day earlier. He takes a long time to dres. as he is very par ticular, and makc9 his toilet at once for the day. Instead of drinking coffee for breakfast, Dr. Koch takes a thick soup made of flour, into which he breaks an enormous quantity of toast ed black bread: After this simple meal he repairs to his laboratory, whiclr he does not leave till 2 o'clock. At this hour dinner is served. It con sists of soup, roast meat, and a light tl 1 ,1 m . M-m f. it - A . 1 - a9 . iiuuutug. kjii iiik biroKc or tnree a white horse from the livcrv stable stands before his door. On this am mal the professor trots briskly off to the Thiergartcn. This ride, for whic'i Iw wears a rather pecular riding guit ar.d an enormous 6louch hat, lasts about an hour. The resi of his time till 8 in the evening is devoted solely to study. At the supper, as sumptuous as the dinner is simple, there must always be tlyco or four, sorts oi meat. Dr.,'tKoch drinks during his meal large quaiili- ties of soda water. Atter his pupjwr, aoasonie times during Jm s:Mper, receives the visits of friends ami :ic-. I .Kino ,V - ?r,u, quaintiiuccs, ;vith Avhora be .reinauis I j-wki1 i -tmm,BUr) t,! id lively conversation till midnight. . . th n. . Then he goes to bed, but when there readall sorts of political and scientilic 1 magazines and iapers as he has not snfficcnt leisure .imc during tho day. lie-receives the visits, of phvsicians i ,i and other person! in the afternoon. He is said to complain bitterly to hi . ,. 4 . Ai ' . intimate friends of the way he is lurbed and bothered by vlriti fro... persous who are perfect strangers to, hhn. Modern View of Consumption. Two things are now believed to bo sumnt on the tnlM'rr'n Im. ill., n,,.l n 4 ......... .. dioalcred state of the bo iv, such as .. . . to favor its srrowth in other word. seed aud a fertile soil; and if cither is C3 " 7 wanting, the disease is not produced. Wc never koW when we .-,, k l ic jciiiis o it uur ijuu or 111 Hie air, hpneo we should see to it that wo do not give them a lerlile soil. ''It is of. primal consequence," says Dr..S. S. Biirt, in a paper recently published in the New York Medical Jiccord, to elevate the tone of' the tissues and tho fluids that bathe them to a sanitary pitch, where they themselves are the best of germicides. Bacteria do not thrive upon such nourishment."- While it is almost certain that the! disease itself is not inherited, it is well . established that a debited quality' of blood and tissue, in which the germs ' of consumption tind th ;ir proper food, j is transmitted from parent to child. ! If both parents come from cousunip- tive families their children have little twiiuuu ui escaping me uiscasc, out a child with good blooiV for a legacy, even from one parent,"! says Dr. B u r, "has every reason to expect immunity from the diseased he i. rcarcl lutellU gently, feueh children must be properly clothed, very- carefully fed, and en couraged to sptitid the greater part of their daily life in tho open air.' To Obtain Oil from Flaxseed. There are two processes used in making linseed oil from flax, Ihc cold process aud that in which heatds ucd iy uic iirs. me seen is ground -m its raw Plate, and the meal obtained is subjectetkto powerful hydraulic pres sure,, which extracts tho oil that it contains. In the second process tho seed ,is first roasted tind then ground i i a mill in the same manner, and is pressed at a steam heat of 200 decree. The resulting .oils from these two processes have, very different qualities. The cold-pressed oil is of a golden yellow color, almost tasteless, and quite sticky. It docs not. keep very well,-but turns dark colored, and be comes rancid, ven if exposed to iho air. Tho roasting nrocess destn.v J m - - - j. . . the gummy matter in the inner coat ing of the seeds, and the oil obtained is less mucilaginous, but it is darker colored and luisa more acridt:ito than the fresh cold-presscl oil. The !,.,. process oil is the kind mo.U used. f Boston Cultivator. jcneraliy A Conscientious Indian. Indians sometimes dUplay quite a streak of conscience. . The following is told about Ui.ly Chinook, who re cently died at Warm Springs. When he joined the United Piesbyter.au Church a few years ago he hail tiireo wives. Of course tiiat would not do for a church member, and he had to give two of them up. Which one he should keep was a serious matter. One had a child, one had no sense, and the third he loved beL She was chihlles. Out of a sense of duty he kept the one with the child, and the one he loved best was married to another man. which he said was pretty hard to bear. The one without any sense he kept and sopportcd for a help to his wife. Albany (Oregon) Democrat, A rushlns Aeent. Peddler Please, mum, I'm scllm' a polish to clean silver. Housekeeper (sharply) Don't want none. Peddler Very sorry, mum, but I ee the neighbors was right. They taid there was no nse callin' here, 'cause yon didn't have no silver.. Housekeeper (wildly) Gimme fix boxes. New York Weekly. SUNDAY SCHoo lS'TrnviTiv.i V ' I.IOX v J. "And cam to ps f tr th i 4- The previous clutDter giT a rectr i reaiArkxtle victories cf Amb and L I S,?'i5 before the Sjriins, wa cm J j country (rx-. 'JD ; but it wJ4 ah A God, that Ah&b nizht knoJ kt Jehoxah txx 13. 2). and act acxWJ. Ahabl, howerer, so little injmucyl cxltbathe after all made rrienaVa , &&-Jh&. touse heavy and dUptauxsl xx., I .?ZS -" ..V-l -I- . - V ... ibis chapter ana in it K.iog ix, ilutJ is given here nineteen tlme, an! si t itisKaboth thfe Jezreelite. Narj'th linn ' r t'l fl r.l t Vi a I ' Sr"k u-, ?L un'7 AUh ! ; 1 V....1. . . . , max a wkeu person, uaung ui a-j ! waya, should have rach a crmtrrut icift' hi oi i too much for wick 1 fieht .! ' i i.vr--.. .i.n.:. t. HAD WUS fc . A WUlJV J 11. - vivo Kie vjr ' iiic tv. a - cause n is near udio my uouv. - , rjti. j l"Tcii1 j i i . .' iaptroiwcuv a i in nu mui .nu; thw inhwitenCe f mv tvlXj thee." 4 uv... 4 u v. ..rr -.ii.-. , , vineyard or tiU full value iu mjj, . his reply. Xaboth feara Jehovah.' tut ; not fear Ahah, and the inheritance o! ; fathers is mo're to hiai than raone? urtfei. ' any other , inheritance, had he Lvrti - xau tie woaia uave scia it cceaa. 4. "And Ahab came 'into his hms hfarr and displeased." In the latcraiitr !, l-tm In Kic K rtt Vi4.w r T' . 1 A !trl ...a t cause the Lord by the prophet ha 1 rer Wmt.a.ndnowha ikia ithen:? lac ttja aain retruteit him through Ntoth IUi he frequented the housof thel..rl arriii his trouble gone like Elijah iiit th tsnc tuary (Ps. lixiiL 171 he would hivefauilt cure for hi; sadness; but he was not tU: kind o a man. He lived for Ahab ai Ahnb's will and Ahab v&y. and whatever lutenerei with that cast Lam dorc. 5. "Why is thy spirit so sa-ir just the. same word as "heavy" in ver4&i ; xx., 43, and it is only louad these thr . tunes m the lnble. 1 uis is his wife quesi to him. He will not find help in the njfct airection iroui ner, lor sne matel tia it sell himself to work wickednrss ia the i of the Lord (verse 25). 6. "I will not give thee my vineyard." H I rehearses to her . his request of Natuta asJ I this,- Iaboths reply. ihankWi for a who say to the world, the Ut-sk and the fori ' 'S .Bffl 'SSZfZ money nor any other inducement eaa p ' , Kuade me to give to any hut m j Lri that which is truly and only HLs. 7. 'I will give thee the visevard cf "St loth the Jezreelite." Thus spii Iku woxu of yiitan; this deSer of the irus jol and 11 servants. She talks like tb dcril himil when he said to our Lord Ju., -All ths will I civethee. to wiioawueTer I will I give if (Luke Iv., C,. 8. "rio she wrote letters in AhaV n:u and sealed them with his wal. Tha 1J Haman, another adversarv of the i i God (Esth. iU.. 12). Thus will the beat ti the faLse prophet act in the power of ti drajon, that old serpent, tbe ieviU ia tt last days beiore Jesu cocie in Hi gVrt (IUv. xiii., 4, 7, 15, etc.). In aU a;w t6 wicked watcheth the righteous and ..ek'a to slay Him" Ps. xxxvii., 32), andithiJ continue so till Jesus conins. 9. "Proclaim a fast, and set Natoth high amon the people.' Or a ia margin, "at the, . .head of tie pestle " A child of God may conclude that aomethi::; a wronjj when the ene,niea of Uoddokiom honor or in anjr way set hiui on higli. Wtej God elevates' a man as He did Jox,tl tsl David and Daniel He is able to kee?tt: yet pee how Satan shot at them and their ruin. 10. "And set two men, sons of DuL fc fore "him to tnr witne-n a;amt tint "Sons of Brliaf fclffnify worth.e rerkS-A lawless fellows. Tbiy ahiual eT?rjw2r. and are ready tn every eTii work., 11. 12 "And Cue men of hisnfy U as Jezebcd had Fent untJ t:eiu." er? U servants of Christ only hair ai reiij - obedient as the servants of th i adrtrrr. how the name of Christ wouM t 'r1 God glorified, the elect church mllfJ ozi aal th kingdom h"VstnJ- Tli-e CifH :id what Jezebel said took hfr ti nan tc she said and went about it 'n mint i .n, h.t 11-v," Yn i Vc do as He say. " 13. "Xabothdid lJ.tnir.e Col ! J? king." This it the lie whu-h Hi f nesrte give utterancj to. .a5-t o.l with David and with Jeus: "t'? m.lnt did rise up; thoy laid to my ari- ttiT that I knew not. They hnt m wioa causeM (P. xxxv.. 11; Irii.. 4; Matt, i 59-61; John sr., 25. . ,-. "They stoned him with stones t'.t tu I would seem from II Kin;ix . '- " sons they also were murdered, 'lna ia uf titone.1 Stephen and Paul c Art iy).Thesa3iehatre.lof xiv., VJ). seed murdered Jesus, an t has in virwa 4 t , A. wr 14. "Naboth is stoned, an 1 ii dl. as in the next verie, "Xah.th i Z"Z.S but dead.- Satan had o-jb k Jesua tanht His discipW n tw V those who could only kid th? l',. Spirit, through Paul. wj t aat gain." to deKirt and be wita tr. w better." Jeius Ulls u that 1 :a diedtheanslscxTiMhl-n-nT- h inptinKbody, but himself. ap"- -' " frail taoernacie ia which beini "- , in to Abraham's boi ; R'i the taiff on the tos: 'io-d4y sti-i1 with Me in Parades?. raraa.s. . 4 i, take iofsewkwi nf "xyfl9 the Jecvelite wk.co t r'fZj 15. "Aris oi aooxn ine Jecveiue u.ta t i m rrL . JCT to her henry and deleaved fcuHai- prominent V 1 of Uod u n- WAV tm Mm. - ... 1. y-w t.tm T 1 I V vmeyard Unow his without molf'-.. yard to take poa--ion j it fix u - ne is not prepared 10 u-ar . , 5 which await Liai from tt ? mouth of him wLotn Le U pi-I ; tfcft enemy. The Ird has neeu it . shall licit thy blood." "doj: L&- '7 (verse 13-23) ; fearful wordi, but fir-i ! Ix., 25, SQ. CoTetous and Uu-d'Jf and women may seem to z rZt'(A' purposes and triumph over the n. but there ia a God who sra aad tea. wifl do risht. Lesson Udrri waysputto death muiUtu ies or believe in Hlra. And it kcth to bur3'-'A so strange; but we must wait. Ood is -'T-
Siler City Leader (Siler City, N.C.)
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Feb. 4, 1891, edition 1
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