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Experts Say Problems in Chechnya
Won’t Be Resolved in Near Future
Even K Russians Ease Up,
Chechens Plan to Begin
Guerilla Warfare Tactics
BY JENNIFER ADAMS
STAFF WRITER
With a full siege under way in Chechnya,
convoys of Russian troops, tanks and mili
tary artillery continue their descent upon
the capital of Grozny, raising questions
about the motives and the need for the
attack.
Although Grozny is expected to fall
soon, the war is far from over. If driven out
of the capital, the Chechens are expected to
retreat into the mountains and maintain
the fighting as guerillas.
Willis Brooks, a UNC Russian history
professor, said thathethoughttheChechens
“were not likely to be salved" and that the
war would continue for the foreseeable
future.
“The next stage will be of indeterminate
length and may outlast our lifetimes, where
the Chechens will continue to fight to the
best of their ability,” Brooks said. “Their
goal is to drain the Russian will to fight.”
The war began Dec. 11 when Russian
tanks rolled across the borders of Chechnya,
a small mountainous area of Russia in the
northern Caucasus region with more than
1.5 million residents. Chechnya is rich in
natural gas and oil refineries and is consid
ered strategically important as an oil pass
from Azerbaijan to Russia.
The New York Times said the war
against Chechnya had caused “the worst
internal crisis in Russia” since Russian
President Boris Yeltsin fired on the Mos
cow Parliament in 1993.
Brooks said Russian troop morale was
low and military mistakes had been nu
merous. The Russians sent in tanks and
motorized infantry who were not trained
to work together. They also failed to go
ahead with a full encircling siege until last
week and left open the southeast entrance
to Grozny, providing a way for Chechen
reinforcements to enter.
“It’s so irrational, so nonsensical, so
incompetent," Brooks said. “Why did
Yeltsin send his least trained soldiers?”
Brooks estimated that as much as 3
percent of Russia’s annual spending was
being expended on the war effort. Asa
result, the war will affect everyone in Rus
sia regardless of the outcome because the
inflation rate will rise. Those with fixed
incomes will suffer the most.
“It has been a tragic series of errors,”
Brooks said. “It calls into question the
Russian leaders’ abilities.”
Last week, the possibility for a peaceful
negotiation was discussed, but proposed
cease-fires have lasted only hours, and the
war has continued to escalate with the
siege of Grozny.
Many observers, including Brooks, said
they considered certain measures, such as
cease-fires and the temporary halt in bomb
ing by the Russians, merely as attempts to
pacify the West.
Chechnya first declared independence
from Russia in 1991 after the breakup of
Farrakhan Conspiracy Theory Disputed
BY WENDY GOODMAN
STAFF WRITER
In the midst of celebrations of Martin
Luther King Jr.’s birthday and not long
before the upcoming 30th anniversary of
Malcolm X’s death, an alleged plot on the
life of another black leader, Louis
Farrakhan, has come to light.
Malcolm X’s daughter, Qubilah
Shabazz, 34, is accused of conspiring to
hire a hit man to kill Farrakhan, the leader
of the Nation of Islam.
Shabazz surrendered to authorities
Thursday and was charged with murder
for hire, according to a press release from
the U.S. Attorney in Minnesota. Shabazz
was indicted on these charges Friday and is
scheduled to be arraigned today.
The FBI had been investigating Shabazz
for seven months before the indictment,
the release said.
There is controversy as to whether the
charges against Shabazz are legitimate.
Prominent experts from Chapel Hill
have questioned the validity of the charges.
“When I first heard it, I thought it was
inconceivable. I couldn’t believe it,” said
Chuck Stone, a UNC journalism professor
and friend of Malcolm X. “I don’t give any
validity to it, [knowing] the family.”
DRUGS
FROM PAGE 3
received grants from the Fund for the Im
provement of Post-Secondary Education.
The Student Health Service at UNC
received grant funds from the N.C. De
partment of Human Resources to train
PHOENIX
FROM PAGE 3
to get started. Now we are ready to publish
our newsmagazine."
Another reason the Phoenix was not
published last semester was that the staff
was trying to change its format, said John
Conway, the magazine’s faculty adviser.
“The magazine is going through an over
haul,” he said. “There may be a possible
name change, and there have already been
some content and design changes.”
Conway said he thought the changes
would be beneficial. “It was a wise move to
disassociate the new magazine with the
reputation of the old magazine, which was
unfavorable in many circles,"hesaid. “Last
STATE & NATIONAL
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the Soviet Union, but the Russians refused
to accept Chechen claims to independence.
Dhokhar Dudayev, a former general in
the Soviet airforce, deposed the leadership
of the Chechen Autonomous Republic and
seized power in Grozny. Subsequently, he
became president of the Chechen Republic
and declared it independent from Russia.
Dudayev then faced Russian Interior Min
istry troops sent to Grozny by Yeltsin.
When the Russian legislature demanded
their return, Yeltsin complied and the con
flict ended, although he still refused to
accept Chechnya’s independent status.
Last week, Dudayev told reporters he
did not rule out the possibility of remaining
an autonomous republic within the Rus
sian Federation. He said he hoped for a
peaceful end to the war.
Russian leaders have also offered to
renegotiate extensive autonomy for
Chechnya but refuse to grant complete
independence.
“There has been a level of posturing on
both sides that is so dramatic that no one
knows what the other side will do,” Brooks
said.
Publicly, Yeltsin said the territorial in
tegrity and unity of Russia was at stake in
preventing Chechnya from seceding from
the Russian Federation. But the question
remains why he chose to invade Chechnya
now.
“There didn’t appear to be a threat,”
Brooks said. “It is not at all clear why he
invaded when he did.”
David Griffiths, also a UNC Russian
history professor, said there were numer
ous theories about why Yeltsin chose to
invade when he did, including one that
Yeltsin’s head bodyguard, a former hard
liner, was now dictating policy.
“There are an awful lot of curious go
ings-ons,” he said. “There is a question as
to whom Yeltsin is listening to.
“Some people I’ve talked to think the
hard-liner nationalists are getting more
supportfrom Yeltsin,” Griffiths said. “The
problem for the West is, if not Yeltsin, then
who?”
Griffiths said the democrats who had
traditionally supported Yeltsin were the
most upset with his decision to invade
Chechnya, while the military and nation
alists were strongly behind this decision,
causing a shift in his base of support.
Judy Shelton, a former adviser to
Yeltsin’s economic team, said she thought
the crisis in Chechnyahadbeen "extremely
divisive” and had caused political instabil
Leader of the Nation of
Islam LOUIS
FARRAKHAN said he
didn’t believe there
was a conspiracy to
kill him.
Michael Dyson,
a UNC professor of
communication
studies who wrote a
book on Malcolm
X, said he ques
tioned the legiti
macy ofthecharges.
“It may or may
not be true. Many
African-Americans
have justification
for skepticism. First
there is the timing,
when we are cel
ebrating King’s
birthday; and why
seven months
later?” Dyson said.
Both Stone and Dyson said they be
lieved Shabazz was a victim of entrap
ment, especially as the only witness against
her is Michael Fitzpatrick.
Shabazz allegedly hired Fitzpatrick, a
former classmate ofhers, to kill Farrakhan.
Fitzpatrick is currently facing drug
charges. However, in previous years, he
helped the government to arrest members
formerly in the Jewish Defense League.
“Entrapment is always a possibility.
Given the man’s circumstances and back-
prevention specialists.
In October, SHS announced that it
planned to create an office that would
coordinate the services offered to combat
substance abuse. The office would provide
a full-time employee who could coordi
nate all of the treatment and prevention
programs available at UNC, said Deirdre
semester, we took the time to plan, which
will help the Phoenix become better.”
Reynolds also said the past semester
had been used as a planning period to
change the magazine’s image.
“In the past, the Phoenix was in finan
cial trouble with student government,
which happened before I got here,” she
said. “The magazine had a bad reputation.
We wanted to change that reputation, and
we felt the best way to do that was to get
organized before we got published.”
Reynolds said the staff hoped that the
new Phoenix would be more appealing
than the old one. “We wanted the Kioenix
to be something everyone can read and
find something interesting in. Our first
issue, for example, will cover student re-
Sailg ®ar Hrel
ity.
Shelton said she thought Yeltsin had
failed to exercise control democratically,
especially by relying on advisers who were
“throwbacks” from Soviet years.
“His mishandling [of Chechnya] since
1991, when they were trying to get out of
the Soviet Union, casts doubt on his ability
to lead,” she said. “It has undermined
everything Yeltsin was trying to work for. ”
Shelton said she feared that one of the
ramifications of Yeltsin’s-role in the war
would be that the United States might
retreat from its involvement in Russia and
withdraw aid.
“It provides a ready excuse to turn our
backs on Russia,” she said. “I see indica
tions this will happen.”
If the United States and other Western
nations curtail aid, Shelton said increased
instability would be the result, especially if
Russian citizens feel the West has reneged
on its promises to help Russia.
“If the West is seen as reversing its
position, this could have some weight with
Russians who are disappointed with Yeltsin
and blame the West,” Shelton said.
She said she understood why Yeltsin
wanted to prevent the disintegration of the
union that might result if Chechnya se
ceded. “Russia is fighting for cohesion,”
she said.
If Chechnya were granted indepen
dence, this could cause a problem for Rus
sia given the numerous ethnic minorities
along its periphery.
“It would be a signal to other fiefdoms
that there was money to be made by sepa
rating,” Shelton said. “If allowed to be
independent, they can exercise a signifi
cant territorial control over the resources
in the borders.”
Griffiths also said he believed the poten
tial for an unraveling of the Russian Fed
eration existed.
“There is a real fear if Chechnya is
independent that other minorities on the
periphery will be inspired to secede,” he
said.
Griffiths said he thought this created a
problem for Western leaders in deciding
what to do. He said the choice was be
tween which option was “not as bad” as
the other.
“The West is in a dilemma. If they back
Yeltsin and he goes in and bloodies up
Chechnya, they will be supporting brutal
ity,” Griffiths said. “Otherwise, by sup
porting the independence of Chechnya,
there could be a disintegration of Russia. ”
He said he thought Chechnya’s current
relationship with Russia had been strongly
influenced by two past events: the tremen
dous Chechen resistance to Russia’s impe
rialist expansion during the 19th century
and Stalin’s brutal treatment of the Chechen
people.
“There is a long history of resistance, of
ferocious fighters,” Griffiths said. “They
do not have a lot in common with Russians
and have never accepted Russian domina
tion.”
During World War H, approximately
400,000 Chechens were sent to
Kazhakhstan and other Central Asian re
publics when Stalin decided they were not
“loyal” enough, he said.
ground, he is not the most reliable man,”
Stone said. “He is not exactly a choirboy. ”
Dyson questioned the way in which this
case was linked to Malcolm X’s murder.
“If it is true, it is clear that Shabazz was
trapped, especially if in her mind she be
lieved that Farrakhan had anything to do
with her father’s murder,” Dyson said.
Not only has the possibility of Shabazz’s
entrapmentbeenvoicedby important black
leaders, but many have seen this as a con
spiracy against the black community as a
whole and have had problems with the
timing of the events.
“I’m not a conspiracy theorist by na
ture, but it seems conspiratory to me by the
U.S. government,” Dyson said. “It rein
forces the complicity of our government in
its moral practices to degrade and devalue
the black leaders.”
In a press release from the Nation of
Islam, conspiracy was also a concern.
According to the release, “The question
that must be raised by the black commu
nity today is whether or not, in the face of
our 440 years of suffering at the hands of
our oppressors, we can reasonably believe
that the U.S. Department of Justice desires
to protect Minister Louis Farrakhan’s life. ”
Bronwen Clark contributed to this article.
Laurilliard, a counselor at SHS.
This employee would serve as a sub
stance abuse officer who works for
campuswide educational and prevention
programs, much like the sexual harass
ment and racial harassment officers al
ready at UNC, said Edith Wiggins, interim
vice chancellor for student affairs.
sponse to the recent elections, personality
profiles and restaurant reviews.”
D’Abruzzo also said the new magazine
would be an improvement over the old
one. “We are trying to add more variety to
the magazine," she said. “It used to cover
somewhat depressing stories.”
Reynolds said the first issue of the new
Phoenix would be published in February,
with two or three more issues to follow
before the semester’s end.
The Phoenix receives student funding,
but none of that money was used last
semester when the magazine was not pub
lished, Conway said. “All fees are still in
the Phoenix’s account,” he said. “The
money appropriated will be used for what
ever magazine comes out.”