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sl?r flatly sar MM Professor Discusses Effects of 1945 Bombing With Japan dub BYTANIA SILVIA CAIDERON STAFF WRITER White paper cranes, a peace symbol echoed in a Hiroshima statue of a girl who died 50 years ago when the United States dropped the first atomic bomb. Descrip tions of images such as these dominated a Japan Oub discussion Tuesday about the anniversary led by a UNC professor. Miles Fletcher, a professor of history and author of several books about the po litical and economic history of Japan, told a group of UNC students and guests of the Japan Club that Americans were in danger of forgetting about the bomb. Fletcher cited a recent Gallup poll say ing that 65 percent of Americans polled couldn’t name Truman as the president that decided to drop the bombs. He also said 35 percent could not name either of the cities the bombs were dropped on. Fletcher described three philosophies behind the decision to drop the bombs. Fletcher said the belief that fromsoo,ooo to 1 million American lives could have been saved by dropping the bombs and avoiding a ground attack on Japan in No vember 1945, was articulated by a Japa nese historian and commonly held to be Career opportunities at J.E Morgan for University of North Carolina students interested in Investment Banking \ Please plan to attend our information presentation on Thursday, October 26 7:00- 9:00 pm ('arolina Inn, Chancellor West All majors welcome ,11* Morgan Internet http://www.jpniorgun.roin J.l\ Morgan is un equal opportunity employer ■y —' Jj" I In appreciation of continued community support, we are proud to announce another J. Crew & cw Sale! October 26th, 27th, and 28th 9:ooam-9:oopm Thursday 10/26/95 and Friday 10/27/95 9:ooam-6:oopm, Saturday, 10/28/95 Men's, Ladies'and Unisex Pants, Sweaters, Skirts, Blouses, Dresses and Jackets. Cash or check accepted with driver’s license and major credit card or college ID. Visa, Mastercard or American Express, and J. Crew cards accepted. All Satot Final - no rafnnda ar axchangai Save 50%-70% Off Retail! To be held in the old G.C. Murphy Building n, (beside Best Products) in The Plaza, Memorial C J Avenue and Lakeside Drive, Lynchburg, Virginia I** I I Rwd I Parking is available on the upper and l£s*ssJ | ■*< | Tower levels at The Plaza r m (Upper and lower entrances available) y LjS; J / (804) 385-6700 “ The implication seems to be that Truman inflated the numbers to assuage a guilty conscience. ” MIS FLETCHER UNC Professor of History the “orthodox" justification for the deci sion. He said the theory was based on the assumption that Japan was set to fight a “final” battle. Fletcher said that within the past de cade evidence had surfaced suggesting the numbers of American lives saved had been exaggerated and that the estimate was closer to 25,000 t 040,000. Fletcher also said that a 1946 U.S. Army survey had estimated between 15,000 and 20,000 lives had been spared. “The implication seems to be that Truman inflated the numbers to assuage a guilty conscience, ” he said. “But no matter what the numbers, the logic of the Ortho dox position (would) still be persuasive,” especially, he said, to die more than6oo,ooo American troops who had been slated to STAH & NATIONAL participate in the first phase of a ground attack. Bureaucratic politics were cited by Fletcher as a second reason that die bombs were used. He said officials had sunk too much time, at least four years, and too much money—about $2 billion—into the bomb’s development not to drop it. Also, he said Truman had come in as an unex pected and inexperienced president, and used the weapons because he was afraid that he would lose authority if he didn’t. “The main problem with those theories is that they don’t address the basic issue that if the bomb had not been used, how would the United States have induced Ja pan to surrender in a short time?” he said. Fletcher saidthe United States had called for an unconditional surrender all along. Unclear surrender terms from Japan were described as the third potential justifica tion for dropping the bombs. “Even after the two bombs were dropped August 6 and August 8 (1945), Japan wouldn’t surrender until after they solidi fied the position of their emperor, ” Fletcher said. “I would have been happy if the U.S. would have offered a conditional surren der before making the decision, just to see what would have happened.” Are You Considering Graduate Studies in International Affairs? Please join us for a Panel and Q & A Session on Graduate Education in International Affairs Participating Schools ♦ School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University ♦ Master of Science/Foreign Service Program, Georgetown University ♦ The Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University ♦ Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University ♦ The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University at the University of North Carolina Thursday, October 26,1995 3:30 p.m.-5:30 p.m. 224 Student Union Sponsored by the International Studies Major and the University Center for International Studies For more information, please call 919-962-5442 Remains of MIA From N.C. Identified BYJOSH AHN STAFF WRITER The Pentagon has released the names of 11 U.S. Air Force servicemen previously unaccounted for in Southeast Asia on Monday. The remains of the missing men have beat identified and are scheduled to arrive at California’s Travis Air Force Base from a base in Hawaii. During the Nov. 24,1969 mission, the crew of the escort aircraft saw 37-millime ter anti-aircraft artillery fire, said Pentagon spokeswoman Beverly Baker. Forensics teams analyzed and identi fied remains of the missing airmen. One of those identified was Captain Earl C. Brown ofStanley who waspilotingtheplane when it went down. The C-130A was seen descending quicklyinflames, then exploding and break ing apart shortly before impact, Baker said. No parachutes were sighted and no beep ers or voice transmissions were detected. “It’s been 25 or 26 years,” said Brown’s eldest sister, Jane B. Patrick. “This thing We Care For Your Eyes ' Dr Jim Shade and opticians Russ Toler, David Lane, and Robert '' Paulson now make up The Eye Care SBflg ’T Center team. \ *• We look forward to meeting your L eye care needs and invite you to take advantage of our special I r FYE EXAM Includes a comprehensive eye exam **] by our family doctor of optometry. Mk MkJNM * Fill IN6, You will be fitted with a three-month I Wy | PflklTlfT s,J PPIy of Surevue" l disposable | MB __ Tg • Is U ll l Hu I contact lenses (12 lenses). As an ■ i Tt . LENSES & a< lded va * ue ' you receive a solution kit J w ’ m j® * am ■mnu by Alcon or Renu. Acuvue extended I A “ I OULUIIUn wear S3O additional charge. Coupon | ,m HH j (4 A|| must be presented at time of gESjK / | V lll purchase. No other coupons, discounts J IH BSSHI j J or insurance program benefits apply. * ———— ——————_ Offer Expires Oct. 31.1995 . | • We file major insurance claims | disposable •Medicareand ! _ ” comactlehses j Medicaid accepted i 5 22. M | • Walk-ins welcome j Expires Oct. 31.1995 insurance program benefits apply, j Phone 968-3937 Mk onoMemic 10>0fleCAR£C€MT£Rr See The Quality, See The Value. 143 W. Franklin Street, Chapel Hill (Formerly University Opticians) Dr. Jim Shade Open: Monday - Friday 9:00A.M. til 6:00P.M. Saturday 10:00A.M. til 5:00P.M. has to have closure; if s time to dose this chapter of our lives, and put it behind us.” Patrick also said she held on to hope while her brother was missing. “I was 99.9 percent sure that he had died in the crash; it took me four or five years to reconcile this,” she said. “That one-tenth of me said, ‘weil, he might have gotten out.’ “If I hear Cambodia or Vietnam or Laos, I stop whatever I’m doing to run to the TV, and something clicks in the back of my head.” Brown was a graduate ofN.C. Agricul tural & Technical University in Greens boro, where he was involved in the ROTC and got his beginning in flying, Patrick said.“He enjoyed piloting,” she said. “I think if my brother had to do it all over again, he would.” Brown’s remains were discovered after negotiations between the United States and Vietnam resulted in the deployment of a joint U.S.-Laotian search team to the site where the C-130A had gone down. A team of scientists, as well as Laotian nationals, woiked to excavate the site, near Bull’s Head Bookshop presents the second in a series f FaHty U*H u 97ed i skootih tU krz( ivitk tU Pk.D.s TUrsJay, Oet. 24 e 3JO wMh Larry Grossberg author of We Gotta Get Out of This Place and Cultural Studies Bull’s Head Bookshop UNC Student Stores • 962-5060 Wednesday, October 25,1995 Ban Salou, Laos, said Lariy Greer, spokes man for die Pentagon POW and MIA office. Greer said artifacts like bone and teeth fragments, dog tags, suit identifications and items like parachute boddes were used to establish the identities and to evaluate whether the crew had ejected from the plane. “Never in any nation’s history has such a commitment been made to achieve this effort. Military people who die in service of their country are not forgotten, and this national effort is one that continues to honor them even after death, ” he said. “It’s a serious commitment, one of the highest national priority.” According to a Pentagon press release, the crew of the C-130A included Brown, Lt. Col. Richard O. Ganley, Majors MichaelDßalamotiandPeterßMatthes, an and four chief master sergeants. The names of three other pilots of an F-4D reconnais sance plane whose remains were identified were also released, but three others were kept concealed by family request. 7
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