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VOL. XIX. NO. 12.
RALEIGH, N. C, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 26, 1873.
WHOLE NO. 960.
o inch. Tw.-nly -flvc per cent, ia aided to the aWa
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SPEAK XAI2 ILL.
Other people have their faults.
Aiidjso have ye as well,
Bui all ye chance to see or hear
Ye have no riihtto tell.
It' ye einna speak o" good.
Take care, and see and feel
Kar; !i lias all l-" much o woo
And not cuoilgh o' weal.
IVc ireMl tli-it ye make noe strife
Wi' medlliTis tongue and brain,
l"or ye will Slid enough, to do
li ye but look at haiue.
1 . y, i -;es t' good.
Oh, do not si'i-ak at ail,
F-.r there is Lruf and woe enough
On ibis Urrvctrial ball.
li" ye stioald feel l'ke rUVng tls,
Vc better go, I ween,
And read the bo"k that tells ye all
A:'.ut I" e mote and beam.
I'inua lend a lea ly ear
To gossip 'T to strife.
Or. perhaps, "twill mal-e for y
"au lumiy tilings o' life.
t.!).. dint.a add I" others' w..e,
X"r noek it with your mirth.
But ;iee ye kindly sympathy
To su:leri-'i" ones of earth.
For the Advoc te.
EDniM Itl'RKE ASD DANIEL
WEBSTER.
ET EF.V. S. 1. REID, V. V.
Mk. EniToit: The two names above
represent the two most eminent states
men and orators ever produced bj
England und America.
Barke was bora in Dublin, Ireland,
in the year 1730. His father was an
attorney in that city, of extensive
practice and considerable fortune.
He enjoyed all the advantages of an
Academical find College training
took his degrees regularly in Trinity
College, Dublin. lie was educated
for the English Bar and as a student
in Middle Temple, he went to London
early in 17-30. He seems soon to have
tire! of the la.v and turned his atten
tion to Literature and politics. He
W'jte f. work or two that introduced
him to public notice and the acquaint
ance of some of the most distinguish
ed literary men of the day. In 1759,
he was made known by Lord Charle
mout to Mr. William Gerard Hamil
ton (commonly called single speech
Hamilton, who, on being appointed
in 1701 secretary to the Lord Lieu
tenant, took Burke with him to Ire
land, in the capacity of his assistant.
Thia was Burke's introduction to pub
lic life. In 17G3 on the accession to
power of the Marquis of Rockingham,
he was appointed by that minister hiB
private secretary aud brought into
Parliament for the borough of Wen
dover. Fioiu this time the life of
Burke belongs to the general history
of the Eug.Hh nation. The world
pretty soon became acquainted with
him, as well as his own country. He
stands in the front rank, without a
peer in oratory, in that nation re
nowned for the production of such
orators as Chatham, Fox, Canning,
and others of equal fame. His lead
iog speeches were made on the fol
lowing subjects: Opposition to the
oppressive measures against the Col
onies of America. On the Freedom
of the Press. An improved Libel
Law. Catholic Emancipation. His
impeachment of Hastings. His de
nouncernent of the French Revolution.
On Economical Reform. The Aboli
tion of the Slave trade. The great
speech however of his life was the
one delivered in the trial of Has tings,
an account of which I give you from
Mr. Prior. The following notices of
him place in a striking light the pow
ers of this wonderful man:
"What Johnson termed 'Burke's af
fluence of conversation,' and which he
so highly prized and frequently talked
of, often proved, as may be supposed,
a source of mingled wonder and ad
miration to others. Few men of edu
cation but were impressed by it, and
fewer still who had tho opportunity of
being in his society frequently, forgot
the pleasure thoy had thus enjoyed.
Many years after this period (17G0),
Mr, Burke and a friend traveling
through Lichfield for the first time,
stopped to change horses, when being
desirous to see more of a place which
had given birth to his fiiend Johnson
than a casual glance afforded, they
Strolled towards the Cathedral. One
of tho Canons, observing two respect
able strangers making inquiries of the
attendants, very politely came np to.
offer Guch explanations as they de
Sired, when a few minutes only had
elapsed before the feeling of superior
information on such matters, with
which he tad met them, became
changed to something like amazement
at the splendour, dpth, and variety
of the conversation of one of the
strangers. No master vhat topic
started, whether architecture, antiqui
ties, ecclesiastical history, the reve
nues, persecutions, or the lives of the
early ornaments and leading members
of the church, he touched upon them
all with the readiness and accuracy of
a master. They had not long separa
ted when some friends of the Canon
met him hurrying along the street: "I
hare had,' said ho, 'quae an adven
ture; I have been conversing for this
hall hour past with a man of the most
extraordinary powers of mind and ex-
tent of information, which it has ever
been my fortune to meet with, and I
am now going to the inn to ascertain
if possible who this stranger is.'
Of the powers of his elo
quence some notion may be formed
from the account that is given of the
effect produced by a passage in the
speech which he delivered at the bar
of the House of Lords on opening the
impeachment of Mr. Hastings. He
was describing the atrocities commit
ted by Debi Sing, alleged to be one of
the agents of the accused. A convul
sive sensation of horror, affright, and
smothered execration,' says Mr. Trior,
' pervaded all the male part of his
hearers, and audible sobbings and
6creams, attended with tears and
faintings, the female. His own feel
ings were scarcely less overpowering;
he dropped his head upon his hands,
and for some minutes was unable to
proceed; he recovered sufficiently to
go on a little further, but being
obliged to cease from speaking twice
at short intervals, his Royal Highness
the Prince of W-tles, to relieve him, at
length moved the adjournment of the
House. Alluding to the closo of this
day, the writer of the history of the
trial says ' In this part of his speech
Mr. Burke's descriptions were more
vivid, more harrowing, and more hor
rific, than human utterance, or either
fact or faney.perhaps, ever formed be
fore. The agitation of most people
was very apparent. Mrs. Sheridan
was so overpowered that she fainted;
several others were as powerfully af
fected.' Mrs. Siddons is said to have
been one of the number.
The testimony of the accused party
himself is, perhaps, the strongest ever
borne to the powers of any speaker of
any country. For half an hour,' said
Mr. Hastings, I looked up at the ora
tor in a reverie of wonder; and during
that space I actually felt myself the
most culpable man on earth;' adding,
however, 'but I recurred to my own
bosom, and there found a conscious
ness that consoled me under all I heard
and all I suffered. "
DAXIEL WEB3TER
was bom in the year 17S2 in Salis
bury.New Hampshirejust at the close
of the war for Independence. He
opened his eye on the world just as
the cloud was breaking and disipa
ting. His first breathings took in the
breath of the 6hout of triumphant
liberty and exultant patriotism. The
family came originally from Scotland
more than two centuries ago. His
father was a well to do farmer, tho ugh
of moderate means. Mr. Webster,
however, enjoyed the benefit of Col
lege training. In 1801, ho graduated
m Dartmouth College, and immedi
ately entered Mr. Thompson's office
in Salisbury as a student of law. In
1801 he went to Boston. In 1805 he
was offered a clerkship in the county
court in New Hamshire with a salary
of $1500 per annum, procured for him
by his father who thought it was a
nice thing for Daniel. But he de
clined it, with the declaration that he
was going to use his tongue in the
courts instead of his pen, that he
was going to be an actor and not the
register of other men's actions. For
a moment his father seem 3d angry, a
flash went over his eye, but it imme
diately disappeard and his counte
nance regainod its usual severity.
'Well my son,' said the father, 'your
mother always said you would come to
something or nothing, she was not
sure which. I thiuk you are about
settling that doubt for her.' He never
afterwards spoke to his son on the
subject; he lived to hear his son's first
argument in court, and sea the bright
future that awaited him.
In 1813 he entered the House of
Representatives in Congress. Clay,
Calhoun, Forsyth, Grundy, Macon,
Gaston, were there as members. He
soon impressed himself on that body.
In 182G he was elected to the Senate
of the United States. He soon took
his position as the leading statesman
of the country and the great expound
er of the Constitution. It is not ne
cessary to go into details or minu
tive Mr. Webster's history hero. The
country is familiar with it. I simply
wish to lay in contrast the description
given by March of the great speech
of his life, with that of the English
orator, Edmund Burke. Col. Hayne
of S. C, and others had been firing
into him for about two or three weeks.
His mettle was thoroughly up his
blood aroused, the lion awoke. He
was in his prime, appeared like a
prince in his blue coat, and buff vest,
and white cravat, as his majestic form
moved to its position. But I will let
March describe it:
"It was on Tuesday, J anuary the
26th, 1830, a day to be hereafter for
ever memorable in Senatorial annals,
that the Senate resumed the con
sideration of Foote's Resolution.
There never was before, in the city.an
occasion of so much excitement. To
witness this great intellectual contest,
multitudes of strangers had for two or
three days previous been rushing into
the city, and the hotels overflowed.
As eariy as 9 o'clock of this morning,
crowds poured in:o tho Capitoi, m
hot haste; at 12 o'clock, the hour of
meeting, the Senate-Cuamber, its
galleries floor and even lobbies, was
tilled to its utmost capacity. The
very stairways were dark with men,
who hung on to cue another, like bees
in a swarm,
The House of Representatives was
early deserted. An adjournment
would have hardly made it emptier.
The Speaker, it is true, retained hi
chair, but no business of moment was,
or could bo, attbded to. Members
all rushed in to hoar Mr. Webster.and
no call of idie House or other Parlia
mentary proceedings could compel
them back. The floor of the Senate
was so dens ;ly crowded, that persons
once in could not got oat, nor change
their position; in the rear of tho Vico
Presidential chair, the crowd was par
ticularly intense. Dixon II. Lewis,
then a Representative from Alabama,
became wedged in hero. From his
enormous size, it was impossible for
him to move without displacing a vast
portion of the multitude. Unfortu
nately too, for him, he was jammed in
directly behind th9 chair of the Vice
President, where he could not see,
and hardly hear, the speaker. By
slow and laborious effort pausing oc
casionally to breathe he gained one
of the windows, which, constructed of
painted glass, flank tho chair of the
Vice-President on either side. Here
he paused, unable to mako more head
way. But determined to see Mr.
Webster as he spoke, with his knife
he made a large hole in one of the
panes of the glass; which is still
visiblo as he made it. Many
were so placed, as not to bo able to
see the speaker at all. No ono who
was not present can understand the
excitement of the scene. No one. who
was. can give an adequate description
of it. No word-painting can convey
the deep, intense enthusiasm, the
reverential attention, of that vast as
sembly nor limner transfer to can
vass their earnest, eager, awe-struck
countenances. Though language were
as subtile and flexible as thought, it
still would be impossible to represent
the full idea of the scene. There is
something intangible in an emotion,
which cannot be transferred. The
nicer shades of feeling elude pursuit.
Every description, therefore, of the
occasion, seems to the narrator him
self most tame, spiritless, unj ust. No
one ever looked the orator, as he did
"os hiimeroitque deo similis," in form
and feature how like a god. Hia
countenance spake no less audibly
than his words. His manner gave
new force to his language. As he stood
swaying his right arm, like a huge
tilt-hammer, up and down, his swar
thy countenance lighted up with ex
citement,he appeared amid the smoke,
the fire, the thunder of his eloquence,
like Vulcan in his armory forging
thoughts for the Gods ! The exult
ing rush of feeling with which he went
through the peroration threw a glow
over his countenance, like inspiration.
Eye, brow, each feature, every line of
the face seemed touched, as with a
celestial fire. All gazed as at some
thing more than human. So Moses
might have appeared to the awe-struck
Israelites as he emerged from the dark
clouds and thick smoke of Sinai, his
face all radiant with the breath of di
vinity !
The swell and roll ot his voice struck
upon the ears of the spell-bound au
dience.in deep and melodious cadence,
as waves upon the shoie of the "far
resounding'' sea. The Miltonic gran
deur of his words was the fit expres
sion of his thought and raised his
hearers np to his theme. His voice,
exerted to its utmost power, penetra
ted every recess or corner of the Sen
ate penetrated even the ante rooms
and stairways. The speech was over,
but the tones of the orator still linger
ed upon the ear, and the audience,
unconscious of the close, retained
their positions. The agitated coun
tenance, the heaving breast, the suf
fused eye attested the continued in
flusnce of the spell upon them. Hands
that in the excitement of the moment
had sought each other, still remained
closed in an unconscious grasp. Eye
still turned to eye, to receivo and re
pay mutual sympathy; and every
where around seemed forgetfulness of
all but the orator's presence and
words.
When the Vice-President, hastening
to dissolve the spell, angrily called to
order ! order ! There never was a
deeper stillness not a movement,
not a gesture had been made, not a
whisper uttered order ! Silence
could almost have heard itself, it was
so supernaturally still. The feeling
was too overpowering, to allow ex
pression, by voice or hand. It was as
if one was in a trance, all motion
paralyzed.
But the descending hammer of the
Chair awoke them, with a start and
with one universal, long-drawn, deep
breath, with which the overcharged
heart seeks relief, the crowded as
sembly broke up and departed.
CHRISTIAN FKAT E R M Z A
TlOA' 1ft THE SOUTH.
The Methodist Churches, North
and South, in Kingsport, Teun., hold
worship in tha same church edifice,
and the best fraternal feelings prevail.
Rev. T. S. Walker, pastor of the M.
E. Church, writes to the New York
Advocate, thus(February 11) refresh
ingly concerning the work:
We have been favored with a most
gracious revival at this place, which
commenced under tho labors of Kev.
L. C. Delashmit, of the M. E. Church,
South, preacher in charge of this cir
cuit. By him we were invited to co
oporate in the meeting. He said, 'wo
will try to get the people converted,
and they can join wherever they please.'
We did aid him, and foa more than
three weeks we continued the meeting
day and night, with the following re
sults: There were seventy-six who
professed faith in Christ; seventeen
joined the M. E. Church, South, and
twenty -six joined the Methodist Epis
copal Church. Many were already
members of the different Churchee,
who had backslidden. The two Meth
odist Churches worship in the same
house, while the best of fraternal feel
ings prevail.
OUR MISSIONS.
Deau Bko. Bobmtt: I am glad to see
that my article, in a former number of
the Advocate, has excited some inter
est among the brethren.
Brother Webb comes forward in the
'spirit of love' and makes suggestions
which are worthy of consideration.
In reply to the question 'May not
the cold state of the church on this
subject be attributable, in a good de
gree, to the want of information from
these domestic missions?' I can only
say that it is quite as likely that 'the
cold state of the church cn this sub
ject' is the cause of 'the want of infor
mation from these domestic missions.' .
We have been able to do so little for
domestic missions that information
from them is impossible. It is quite
time that appointments have been
called missions which never had any
appropriation, and wore really nomi
nal appointments. It is also true that
appropriations have been made to ap
pointments, which appropriations were
really nominal, only about forty per
cent being paid.
Tho inability of the Board to pay its
appropriations has led to the necessi
ty of supplying the missions with men
who could not devote their whole time
to the mission work-
The time devoted to the work has
been so barren of results that a min-
( uto report would not be likely to awa
ken great enthusiasm on the subject.
I cannot speak for the Socretary of
the Board, and do not know why he
has not published reports from the
missions unless I have given the rea
son above. I do not know why our
missionaries do not publish their re
ports in the Advocate, unless it is for
the same reason.
I can say however that the reading
of the Secretary's report at an aninver
sary meeting was found to be an un
necessary consumption of time and
was discontinued for that reason. We
have endeavored to have the Treasur
er's report read. But the Treasurer
has made ineffectual calls in open Con
ference for reports from circuits and
stations until ?o late on Saturday that
he has been unable to prepare a re
port that could be read without rais
ing serious objections, and this has, in
a few instances, been omitted. Bro.
Webb asks -Who are the proper judges
of mission ground ?'
He thinks that a District Conference
might best decide this question. He
advises that the Board make no more
appropriations to any field unless re
commended by a District Conference.
If we adopt thi3 rule, we must make
appropriations to all fields thusrecom
mended. We know that there is not a single
District Conference that would not re
commend a much larger number of
mission fields than we have ever had.
If the number is found at the An
nual Conference to ba larger than we
can possibly care for, who is to decide
which fields are to be supplied, and
which declined. Difficulties rather
hard to reconcile would arisa at this
point. I think no body of men are
better judges of proper mission ground
than the Bishops and Presiding Eld
ers. They know the ground that needs
missionary labor, and the men who
can go on the work. Ttte B oard has
acted on this supposition and has only
made appropriations according to
their recommendation.
The Bishop3 and Presiding Elders,
however, are embarrassed, as stated
above, by the limited means at our
disposal. Moroover, when appropria
tions are made, as we have no funds
in hand, the risk of future collections
has to be incurred. Now how can a
selection be made of missionaries with
out reference to convenience ? No
doubt tho best plan would be to dis
continue all appropriatioos for a year
or- two until we could get funds to
pay in advance, and then appropriate
a sum to a mission that would justify
the Bishoy in sending the very best men
to the missions. And then I would
suggest that the experiment on any
field should bo continued only for a
limited time, and if a circuit or sta
tion can be formed that will be self
sustaining, let it be done. If not, give
it up and labor somewhere else.
This suggestion is made under the
impression that if the people of a com
munity are taught that the gospel will
be furnished them without cost to
them, but feeble efforts will be made to
raise means to pay for it. In other
words, give the name of mission to a
field of labor with an indefinite under
standing as to how long it will remain
so, and the demand for appropriations
will increase instead of decrease.
I do not now remember of but one
mission in the old N. C. Conference
(I do not know how this applies to
there cent transfer) that was ever made
a self sustaining circuit. In that case
I think the plan above suggested was
acted upon and in one or two years a
circuit was formed.
On other fialds much money has
been expended and the demand has J
not decreased. This certainly cannot j
be owing to the extreme poverty of
the people in those fields, but the re
sult of a poor policy in supplyihg them
with the gospel.
This, as well as my former article,
is intended in tho kindest spirit to
call the attention of the brethren to
this important subject. I sincerely
thank brother Webb for his article,
and I do hope the subject of missions
will Le thoroughly canvassed and every
impediment to success remove 1.
Yours sincerely,
P. J. Caeraway.
For the Advocate.
UGPTICiSn, IM.RWINIS!!I NO.
a.
Tho theory of Darwin is like all
skeptical theories, fine ppun, very fine
spun. He admits that tho power of a
God supernatural, and of creative
power, did create at first a few foims
of animal life, and from these have
been evolved the living forms we now
have. The processes by which they
are, or have been evolved, aro called
'Development' aud 'Natural Selection,'
by which the weaker forms were
crushed out in the race and struggle
of animal life, by the stronger forms.
The whole is called the 'beautiful
and symmetrical theory of evolution.'
I shall not here attempt any defini
tion of the terms 'Development and
'Selection' or 'EvolutiDn.' Suffice it
to say that those who read the Advo
cate closely will find these terms well
defined by an acute and accurate
thinker (Gaiilard.) I only propose to
call attention to Darwin's position on
the common ground of skepticism,
viz: their assault on the truths of Re
vealed Religion, especially the Jlfosaic
Record. All their thoories, their
philosophies, their labors, are not di
rected to advance human knowledge,
to the physical cr mental good of man
kind ; but are directed solely to over
throw revealed religion as inconsistent
with their infallible (so-called) scien
tific fc cts and deductions. The science
of Darwin.Hexley.Tyndall and all cul
minate in this one thing, has this one
ciia end, and is written for no other
purpose or aim Darwin, while ad
mitting that a God created the first
few forms of animal life, expressly de
nies that man toas a sptcial creation of
God as recorded by Moses. The fol
lowing I quote from him 'he who is
not content to look like a savage, at
the phenomena of nature as discon
nected, cannot any longer believe that
man is the work of a separate act of
creation.' Darwin maintains that
man 'selected' naturally the line of
monkies, baboons &c, and finally cul
minated by 'development' into man.
But when this 'development'1 is to cease
or whether it is now progressing, and
how, are matters not clearly elucidated.
But this is his theory. It has made
a fuss in the world, but has made lit
tle cr no impression on the scientific
world. This is clearly evidenced by
the French Academy, where his ap
plication for membership in that emi
nently scientific body was treated
rather sportively, and his claims to be
a savant in science, derided. Let it
be remembered, too, that the French
Academy would not for one moment
think any the less, but rather the
more, of him, cn account of his skep
ticism, as that body is as eminent for
skejiticism, as it is for science.
Legiste.
From the Louisville Medical Journal.
ETIIXOGRAPIIY.
BY E. S. GAII:LARD, M. D.
Medical and General Science as Vindicators
of the Mosaic Record, and as Repndiators
of the Modern Doctrines of Development
and Selection.
(continued.)
In the vegetable kingdom, nearly all
of the fruits used by man have been
by domestication and cultivation so
changed in shapo, size, weight, color,
taste, and development, as to have
their origin, in most instances, mask
ed, and in sonis even destroyed. The
experience and observation of each
reader render illustration here but a
useless consumption of his time and
attention. There is never a Fair held
anywhere in the civilized world with
out the most abundant and interest
ing illustrations of these sugjestive
facts. Indeed, tho display of new
'varieties' of every kind of fruit (new
departures from their original types)
is so universal and common as to ex
cite notice only, without comment or
surprise. The same experience is to
be found in regard to the choice varie
ties of roses, dahlias, and most, if not
all, of the admired flowers. Improved
cultivation and change of surround
ings have altered not only their size
and configuration, but their fragrance
has been Increased, their very habits
changed, and their coloring (com
plexion) entirely transformed. Illus
trations of these facts are to be found
in every garden.
The grape from which the celebrated
clarets, the 'Chateau Lafitte' and
'Chateau Margeaux,' are made, are
separated by only a hedge from ths
original stock, whose grapes, similarly
treated after the harvest, yield but the
poorest and thinnest wine. Cultiva
tion, differences in care and culture,
have transformed the original poor
fruit into the prolific parent of the
most celebrated wines. The fibre of
the sea island cotton, grown in South
Carolina, and the fibre of the short
staple cotton, grown on the highlands
of the same State, came originally
from the same source, but domestica
tion, improved culture, changes in
climate and soil, have transformed the
brittle fibre of the short-staple cotton
into that glossy, silken, beautiful ma
terial from which the most beautiful
Mechlin and Brussels laces are made.
It is unnecessary to multiply exam
ples; each reader is familiar with ex
amples almost innumerable. Such is
the testimony of man's fruits and flow
ers, his solaces and his s taples, to the
great fact of the unity of his race.
In examining another kingdom,
there is found still more to startle, in
terest and instruct.
In some countries, as in Guinea,
most of the dogs, and domestic fowls,
are black. Throughout Italy, the ox
is usually red, except in the Cam
pagna, near Rome, where he is usual
ly groy. The Italiau sheep are almost
always black; in England they are
usually white. In some of the islands
of the Mediterranean, most of the
horses and dogs all become spotted,
and remain so. Ike coach dog of
Corsica presents his peculiarly spot
ted skin as the result of climate, and
not of breed; for both the dog and
-horse manifest there this remarkable
peculiarity. Complexion in an en
larged sense is, it seems from these
many instances given, specially and
peculiarly under the control of climat
ic laws. But these laws affect more
than the complexion or exterior col
oring of animals. The beautiful and
costly wool of the merino sheep be
comes, when the animals are trans
ported to tropical latitudes, coarse,
hairy, and valueless; yet if the animal
be sent back to its native climate, its
wool is speedily restored to its origi
nal beauty and value. Beckman says
that the sheep in Gainea can only be
recognized by their bleat, so complete
ly does peculiarity of climate rob them
of almost all resemblance to the origi
nal type of this animal. In this cli
mate, the wool is all lost, aud the skin
of the sheep resembles that of almost
hairless dogs. The cattle of South
America differ almost entirely from
the cattle of Southern Europe. The
Sussex, Grazier, and Berkshire pigs,
differ radically from AJre animal even
of the last century. Indeed, Blumen
bach stated that the skull of the do
mesticated hog differs more conspicu
ously from that of the wild boar (its
original typo) than does any human
bkul' differ from any other human
skull among the vast number in his
possession. Without going further
into impracticable details, it is demon
strated that climate, domestication,
and isolation, have worked changes
even more remarkable and radical in
the animal world than are to be found
in the vegetable kingdom; changes
sufficient so suspend, suppress or de
stroy the peculiarities and distinguish
ing characteristics of the original
types.
These are briefly a few of the les
sons taught by analogy; and while
analogy is not positive argument or
demonstration, and is not claimed as
such, it is the instinct of every fair
mind to more readily admit the fact
of great departures from the original
type of man, when it has been proved
that even greater departures than
these are to be found, throughout the
history of the world, in the vegetable
kingdom, and in the so-termed lower
orders of the animal kingdom. The
procf of departures from original types
in fruits, flowers, vegetables, staples;
in birds and beast, is not proof of sim
ilar departure from the original type
in man; but it certainly prepares the
mind to properly recognize and esti
mate this fact. Analogy is not proof,
but it is fairly, by all minds, classed
as reasoning. It is only asked that it
be received as such. Having seen
what are the many and varied depar
tures from original types in the vege
table and loner animal kingdom, it is
now proper fo investigate the extent
of these departures in man.
However numerous may have been
the disputations, in this connection,
in regard to minor points and varia
tions elaborated by petfy disputants;
however great the importance which
has been attached, by scientific parti
sans, to minor differences in the phys
ical, physiological, and even psycho
logical organization of the human
races, the liberal and large-minded,
on both sides, have unquestionably
narrowed down the argument to va
riations chiefly in craniology, in hair,
and in complexion.
Many are the extravagancies which
the desperation of partisan argument
has developed, but these are becom
ing forgotten; and, as they are imma- 1
! terial in the argument, it is best that
they should be forgotten, and not
again reviewed.
The discussion will, therefore, be
confined to the variations known in
regard to skull, hair, and complexion.
The history of many tribes shows that
even accidental variations in physical
conformation and development have
been perpetuated, and this is equally
manifest and true in the history of
the so termed 'varieties' in flowers,
plants, and the lower animals. These
accidental changes in form have been
accurately perpetuated. Climate,
mode of life, domestication, and what
is called civilization, are all now re
cognized as efficient forces in the pro
duction and perpetuation of physical
irregularities. No one can doubt,
where tribes far distant from each
other, and now separated ethnolosri-
cally as well as geographically, speak
a language almost similar, or mani
festing the moat intimate affinities,
that these tribes were at no distant
period identical.
Many tribes in Hungary use, as is
well-known, a dialect similar to that
used in Northern Russia, and even in
Siberia. Travelers have frequently
observed and reported this interest
ing fact. It is evident, from philo
logical facts, that these people, so
widely separated now, were once of
the same race or tribe. Having once
been near-dwelling kindred, with dis
tinct tribal peculiarities of physique,
what has been the extent of change in
their anatomical configuration caused
by change of latitude, climate, cus
toms and associations ? Their height
has been reduced ; the contour of the
6kull altered; and tho complexion
changed. No one, it is said, can at
present find any other point of re
semblance between these tribes, than
the language which proves them to be
of identical origin.
Facts equally significant are stated
in regard to those Arabs who once
children of the Desert, and subjected
to its perils, wants, and exposuros,
are now denizens of the interior towns,
and impressed by the s urroundings of
approximate civilization. The skull
and physique of the Bedouin Arabs
have so conspicuously changed, that
their language alone indicates their
past habits and mode of existence.
It is well known that many of the
negroes in the West India Islands, al
though retained on isolated farms,
have had the skull bo changed by do
mestication and the Burroandinga of
civilized life, as to have lost those
salient physiognomical peculiarities
which characterize the crania of most
African tribes. But it is useless to
multiply illustrations, for tho most
bigoted partisans have been compell
ed to admit that the configuration of
the skull is, to a groat extent, the re
sult of causes in diily and familiar
operation; and, it may be bafoly said
at the present time, that it would be
the extremest and most demonstrable
folly to seek, in craniological varia
tions, for a single argument subvert -ing
the truth of the Moeaic Record, as
to the unity of origin in the human
race.
In regard to the hair, it is necessa
ry to say but little. Improvements in
the microscope have disproved and set
at rest all of the een elees and untena
ble statements as to differences in the
structure of the human hair constitut
ing any basis whatever for establish
ing a difference in the human races.
There is no elementary, no histologi
cal difference of structure in the hair
of the African, Indian, or Caucasian;
the familiar corrugations of the hair
of the African are by no means char
acteristic of his race. It is well known
now, from the records of travelers,
that in Africa the different tribes of
negroes manifest conspicuous varie
ties of hair. In some it is corrugated
and short, while in others it is straight
and long; in some it is nearly red;
while in ethers it is black.
There being, then, no difference in
the elementary structure of the hair
of the human race, whilo there are in
finite varieties in regard to its color
and physical configuration, it is evi
dent that differences in the hair can
not constitute even the most feeble
argument for proving a want of unity
in the human race.
(TO EE COXTTXtED.)
TYPICAL TREKS.
For gouty poodle the acho corn.
For antiquarians the date.
For school boys the birch.
For Irismeu the och.
For coivjuors the palm.
For negroes see dah I
For young ladies the man go.
For farmers the plant'in.
For fashiohablo women a Bet of
firs.
For dandies the spruce.
For actors the pop'lar.
Far physicians the syc-a-raor.
For your wife her will oh.
For lovers the sigh press.
For the disconsolate the pine.
For engaged people the pear. 1
fSltt vavxj.
EA1XI.Y ItIARRIA.ES.
eshy v.uu utEtnta's weas os the sub
ject. Aud when men aud woinon are of a
marriageable age, I think it to bo. in
general, true, that it 13 wholesome for
them to be married. It is not necessarr
that they should remain sing'e be
cause they stand iu po?erty; for two
can live cheaper than ono, if they lire
witn discretion, if they live with co-rm-
erative zeal, if they live as thoy ought
live. If the young uiin
willing to seem poor when he i
poor; if the young woman,being poor,
willing to live poorly: if thov urn
willirjg to plant their lives together like
too seeds, ana wait for their erowHi
and look for their abundance by and
oy, wben they have fairly earned it
n a good thing for them to coma ear-
ly iDto this partnership; for character i
adapt themselves to each other in tho
arly periods of life far more eaailv
than they do afterward. They who
marry early arc like vines growing to
getner, and twining r jund and round
each other; whereas, multitudes of
those who marry late in life, stand side
by side, like two iron colums, which,
being separated at the beirinniDc never
come any nearer to each other. Many
young men feel that they cannot mar
ry until they can support a wife, and
by that they mean until they can sup
port a house yea, until thoy can live
in a house that befits them; until they
can make a show, until they can live
as their kind of pooplo, the class to
which they belong, live; fir overybody
belongs to a class, a set Whon thev
can do those things, thoy will marry.
and not before. Aud the result is that
they are corrupting life in the very
fountain. Aud when they marry,
they make a great mistake if thoy say:
'We will not undertake to keep house;
let us board. Then we can have all
the comforts of life; we will have all
tho annearanccs nrovidad for n n,i
a. a. - - kb uu4
we shall be relieved from a thousand
cares. 1 here is no school which Go J
ever onened. or nermitlp.l to I,m
ed, which young people can so ill af.
ioru 10 avoiu us mo chool of care
and rosnonaibilitv and lnhnr tn
A f "-v IlitJ
household; andajoung man and a
young woman, marrying, no matter
now nigu inoir miners nave stood, one
of the moat wholesome things that
thev can do. havincr marrifl.l for i-
and with discretion, is to be willing to
begin at the bottom, and bear the bur
dens of household lifa no flint n.
shall have its education. I tell you
there are pleasures which many youn
married people miss. I would not
give up tho first two years of my mar
rim! lifa for all I Iiuva nnnr. t i: :..
1.1 . , . ling IU
a big house, with a brownstone front.
ana very lairiy mruisneu; out, after
all, among the choicest experiences of
my hie were inose wnicu I passed
throngu in Indiana, wnen l hired two
f1ifl.mlera UDBtairu: when all mv fur.
niture was given to me, and was second-hand,
at that; and when the very
clothes which I had on my back had
been worn uy 0 uugo liirney before
ma We were not abla tn him n. ur.
vant. We had to serve ourselves. It
was a study every uay now to got
alon'T with our small means and it
a -
was a study never to be forgotten. 1
.f 11 1 . . . .
owe many 01 me pleasures wmcn nave
rnn through mv life to hAinc willing
to begin where I had to begin, and to
I la 1 -all . .
ngns poverty wiin love, ana to over
come it, and to learn how to live in
service and helpfulness, and in all the
tlionsand incenaitiea whinh Inva
sweetens and makes more and more
delightful.
FREEDOM OI" THE WILL.
The will ii determined by motives.
it is true. But these motives are not
like weights in the market, or coins
on the merchant's counter, fixed and
constant in their relative force and
weight, in all circumstances, and for
men and characters of every kind. They
decide tho acts of the will; but their
relative force depends on something
deeper than the will, tho moral statu,
the disposition aud character, of the
agent to whom thoy appeal. Men are
sensual, prudent, honorable, or holy,
as the motives which chiefly prevail
with them are momentary pleasure, re
mote prospects of worldy gain, the
highest principles of conduct habit
ually recognized among their fellows.
or love of moral good and hatred of
moral evil.nuickcned by meditation on
eternal things. This dependence of
motives for their practical fores on the
moral character, on tho stato of tho
heart is taught alike by heathen mor
alists and the Word of God. The
maxim, 'Trahit sua qurmiue voluplus,
has its counterpart iu tho weighty
texf. 'All we lika sheep have gone
astray; we have turned every one In
his own ivay.' Alan's choice of his own
palh dbtemines, to a great extent, the
class of motives which hava the near
est access, hour by hour, to guide
and determine the separate actj of
his will. The temptations urgencies
of evil thicken and crowd around him
in a downward path till they hold him
in a bondage like the chains of fate.
The beauties and the joys of virtue,
the good land of hope and heavenly
blessing, open around him in brighter
and brighter vision, in that 'way of
ife which is 'above to the wise.' And
they issue in that service which is per
fect freedom, and in the liberty of
that perfect law of moral goodness,
whose seat, in the words 01 Hooker, is
the bosom of God, and her voice the
harmony of the wjrl l. Canon
mns.