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V EH T IS IN O RATKS.
ioaroneta"'
.11.1
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Joradvertisioit In the SUte.
etov. worth's message:. .
j Executive Dbpabtment. y
Kaleigh, Nov. 19, 18C6. J
? r9 the Honorable the Generai ' 'l '
; ' -ii; j ! Assembly of Xorlh Carolina:
. . --'. ThA flHflnl.inn nt f.hm nhnla n
! ii on is ooii spcfjially. directed to the anomalous
condition jofouj' uational affairs. It seems fit,
; Herfore, tnat oar consmerauon snouia Da pn-
mftriiy directed to the restoratiou of national or
I fa ttDd harmony. Although we are now denied
3 any jegifilaliTe participation in tho conduct of the
KoTernment of the United States, we should not
: liatlesa j8 toipassiug events, nor unmindful of
the benefit; to be derived from an occasional, re
"i lie of thq past. ;'AIore than eighteen months
J ago a bloody 8eqtibual war was closed by the to
'1 tal overthrow of the weaker, by the stronger sec
I tion. Its declared object, on the one side, was
'to brak uji the : Union ; on the other to 1 pre
, serve it It ended as might have been expected.
: The commanders of the Southern armies, atter
. i the South was completely exhausted, as to every
thing which constitutes strength in war, and af
' jer exhibitions of valor in the field which aston
V; iahed the worldj surrendering forces. Arms had
''. established, the iupremancy of the Union. Nota
fierilla party in the South remained under arms,
he whole people of the South, whether they had
i (ftTored the" inception of the war or sympathized
i with their section after it 4egan or no.t, gave eve
1 ry evidence they could give of their submission
I to tbe result of the confiict. and willingness to
5 obey the Constitution and laws of the United
' BUtesi What was then irrthe way of an imme-
; diate restoration of the Union ? The machinery
0f government in the Southern: States was in the
!i hands of those who had given their adhesion to
the rebellion. This was a state of things not
contemplated by the Constitution of the United
" j States. Precedent furnished no guidance in al
j tering the machinery of the rebellious State gov
! ernments, so as to work in harmony with the
: national gojrernment The President, who owed
(mansbipd the consistent devotion of his life
to the preservation of the Union, held that he
; who had given' their adhesion to the rebellion,
; even so far as to make them the instruments of
' reorganization; that while the States existed, and
1 the Unjon bad been preserved, there were, in
; these Stated,' no legislative, judicial or exeou
;Viie officer, lawfully constituted. To' nable'
; these Stated to reform their Constitutions, and
tthe machinery of their, covernments,1 he granted
j amnesty to.the people who had favored ; the re-
; beinon, wjtn certain excepuonsj on tne con
! l . " - M iL ! .11 " . x a. 1 TT ,
anion ui vuir renewing aiiegi&nce iu tne uniiea
States by taking an oath to eupport the Consti
tution, reserving the right to grant pardons,
' upon special petitions, to such individuals of
the excepted classes tis he might deem deserving
of them, ue appointed rrovisionai Uovernors,
under whose, of ders elections were held for del
egates to State Conventions, those only being al
lowed to vote at such elections, to whom general
or special pardons had been granted. The great
body of the; people complied with the conditions,
and voted at such elections. When oar Conven
tion assembled, it was understood that the President-,
and the people oftjiie dominant States, er
pected of ual three amendments of our Constitu
. tion, as esntial to harmonious Union, and per
manent reconciliation, to wit: the renunciation
of the doctrjne 6f secession', the abolition of slav
ery; and thi repudiatioi). of the debt contracted
in the prosecution of the rebellion; and the rati
fication by the Legislature, thereafter to assem
ble, of an amendment to the Constitution of the
United States, proposed during the 1 war, abol
ishing slave jry throughout the United Statjes.
From all; we could learn from the press, the
avowalH of if preisentative nien of the North, and
all the isourdes of information, we entertained no
doubt that tfaese views of the President were ap
' proved by the gfeat body of those who elected
him. : Many1 of pur people deemed some of these
terms hard and injurious to the well-being of the
. State; but regarding them as the conditions to
tjrestored amity, ; prescribed by oar conquerors,
they were accepted with remarkable unauimify,
and have since been observed with strict fidelity.
One of thenTteduced from affluence to poverty a
large number of our people, in nowise responsi
fjble for this 'sectional war. We accepted them,
because we thought these terms were required of
us as preluninaries to the restoration of concord
betweeu thei late; belligerents. We elected Sena
tors' and Kepijesntatives to Congress, with all the
qualifications prescribed in the Constitution.
Wfrwere not ignbrant that Congress, during the
war, had prescribed an oath of office, commonly
known as the "t0st oath," which very few, if any
of ouif people who had remained citizens of the
State,' daring the war, oonld conscientiously
take. We regarded this act as unconstitutional.
v iArticle Cp Section 3, oi the Constitution of the
s United States, iprovides thrxt Senators and - Rep
;, resentatives and other officers "shall be bound
by oath or affirmation, to support the Constitu-.
X Jlon of the United States." If Congress have the
y power to add tp this oath as it may i deem expe
A dient, it is manifest' that any party, having tem
, porary asceu'dancy in Congress, can prescribe an
oath which will exclude from Congress all who
v do not agree in sentimeut with the dominant pax
, ty..' This principle would destroy the very basis
of our national , government. It was never in
tended that a party; having temporary ascendan
' ey, should have authority to make its ascendancy
perpetual. We f believed, from the-resolutions
of Congress passed during the war, and the man
: ifest requirements of enlightened policy, that the
North wajiwillirig - to restore friendly relations
J with the South,' and nobody could expect j any
; eordiaiity) to. be restored, while this statute was
held to he hi force We expected it to be re
plied, or be declared nncomtitutional and void
. .; by the Supreme1 Court of the United States, in
hich tribunal, -fortunately for tho 'causeof civil
liberty, partizanshipjjas as yet made lut shght
;;. inroads. VVj believed that the constitutional
i guards, and the virtue And intelligence of the el
! ecfors, were a sufficient protection against disloy
; alroen finding their way into the national . conn-
-f- i Alto . . 5!
. . v4 u expenence snouia indicate tna necessity
i- Of otber8,they wbuld be provided in amendments
t of the Constitution, and not in partizan lecd'sla-
i, on- ' In the matter of electing our Senators and
j ; Bepresentatives to Congress every citizen who had
j : advocated the doctrine of secession before th
ii Wir, Or- taken ennsninrnm Tin rt in tn militarv
I conflict, delicately forebore to ask for a seat in
1 Congress. 'Although human experience has
j jaugnt that those who (right or wronc) have ex-
molted manly courage in military conflict rarely
disregard the terms of capitulation when cbn
: qered. in thia fttatfi
; we initiaUoh of the war, or distinguished him-
j .uo aunng its progress, assea to do
I jnaae -a mem nor f Pn
V"a .preventative elected had alwaya opposed
f 1 ecefibion until tt:,i c?t.i A
! 1 V7,. , Vsva or property. Up to this time,
t Til iiluHr tUe "we and macnanimons 'policy of
about to produce at an early
ftfiSn fc0 n5ficut results ho contemplated. A
! je.htid complied wilh all these supposed pre
!' Stmarne4Datio.nal reconciUation, speeches of
nr,n ou paruzan leaders of tne Uongre83
,, soon to asKmi. '? iv
UJf .lae Uomirilmt rfa-U-. I need notTe
. ? toa a ,!u f tbe chilling shock we received when
U n ' . vD9 dominant party m Congress
thJ. tbat tnjr' ;iibers, irrespective of
ths i 1 ,TWltl0Q. vuuld rot be received and
I! ""leUmou, for the pie.rvatiou of which! so
iKS"!fsbeenloat.aud;
' P calhT V d Veen created, chould be practi-
" the ilm " u QUtu " Hhould be the pleasure o
I IhU S,arty Majority to restore it -Up U
lated T' k -fraction hc Congress contem
. t : e i t.j. 1 QiniArt
I whfii ' i :ae;JegiJ'atiye power, without declaring
" ever, dr upon what conditions, the
f renfenV i? 0lh6T States they govern hall have
domuSf atli the; recent electi.u.H in the
Drones 4 " suucuon tniM acn- n
:"tKa "wtp the actions of the people and
. thM ;.i mes -thw- tite. in the interim of
'euprrifi u raoWlnHy natitrtifil nvements. Net
States listed in the lito rebellious
v occnL 18 State' not a frinclo instance has
til wr4MHi.re.a ?Qeriff uas oceasion. since
xecnf n;tr' to :rcquire a posse or other aid to
iii
y ' execute
? fKpi2cH'.' Pur bench of jadges have
.--Wat-ii i,rdutieSin a manner which would
vUw bisfilr lre:tb tne judiciary of any period
which oali V orld. The steadiness with
'Wt last t 63 ave beld lhe scales f ja8-tice
i xtord praise even from those who,
-.
VOL. MO." 5.
at first, studied to malign then. A few of the'
agents of the Freedmens Bureau, and I grieve
to say, a few of our 'own people, who seek to '
propitiate the favor of Our conquerors by furn
ishing aliment to thfeir unjust prejudices, have
ought to make the impression, at the JNorth,
that freedmen and Union men could tnot have
justice at the hands of our courts. To this end
emissaries have been employed to traverse the
country and record .ex parte statements to cast
odium on the administmtion of justice petitions
have been covertly got , up by some of our
own' citizens and sent to the President of the
United States, charging disloyalty to out people
ana iavornism to our oourts, to embitter against
us the virtuous classes of thV North. " Amongst
ub these machinations are well understood. The
virtuous and intelligent men of the North who
have settled among us, and especially the sold
iers who stood in front of the fight, on Ijoth
sides, in the late conflict of arms, despise these
slanders. Through the agency of whole-souled
men public opinion, it is hoped, will soon reach
a healthy state. : Our judges, unmoved by these
unworthy imputations and ' nnawed - by intima
tions that they would be suspended from the ex
ercise of their functions, if their adjudications
did not accord with the dominant power, have
silenced slander itself No murmur is now heard
against the fairness with which justice is admin
istered in our courts. The fearful increase of
crime, the natural sequent of a civil war in
which disrespect for the rights of non-combatants
was authoritatively countenanced, if : not
encouraged, is being rapidly repressed, and .rev
erence for justice is having its natural triumph!
Our Legislative Department has been . anxiously
endeavoring to alter bur Code to suit our novel
situation, and to bring order out of chaos pro
duced by the late convulsion. This review of
our national affairs brings ud to the present
period. ' ;
. . ,. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT.
In June last I received from the Hon. Wm. H.
SeWard, Secretary of State of th United States,
a communication herewith ; transmitted to you,
covering an attested copy of a joint resolution of
Congress, proposing a' fourteenth article as an
amendment to the Constitution , of , the United
States. Itproposes First, That Mijl persons
born or naturalized in Jhe United States and sub-.
ject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the
United States and of' the State , wherein ' they re
side." Hecoiid, That '-no State shall make or en
force any law. which shall abridge the privileges
or immunities of citizens ot the United State. "
T7wni That "no State shull deprive any person
of life, liberty or property, without" due process
of law, nor to deny to any person within its ju
risdiction the equal protection of its laws,"
Fourth, That "representatives, shall be apportion
ed among the several States according to their
respective numbers, counting the whole number
of persons in each State, excluding Indians , not
taxed. But when the right to vote at any elec
tion for the choice of electors for President aud
Vice President of the United States,- representa
tives in Congress, the executive and Judicial offi
cers of aJState, or the members of the Legisla
ture thereof, is denied to any of tne male inhabi
tants of such State, being twenty-one years ot age
and citizens 'ofthe United States, or iu any way
abridged, except for participation in rebellion or
other crime, the basis of representation therein
shall be reduced in the proportion which the
number of such male citizens shall bear to the
whole number of male citizens it weuty-one years
of age in such State." : Fifth, That i "ho person
shall be a Senator, or Representative in Congress,
or elector ot President und Vice President, or
hold any office,, -civil or. military, under the Uni
ted States, or under any State, who having pre
viously taken an oath, as a member, of Congress,
or as an officer of the United States, or as a mem
ber of any State Legislature, or ,as an executive
or judicial officer of ; any. State, : to support ."the
Constitution, of the United States, shall have en
gaged in insurrection or rebellion against : the
same, or given aid. or comfort to the enemies
thereof. But Congress may, by a vote " of two
thirds f each House, remove such disability."
4.tfir-r'That, the validity of the public debt of
the United States, authorized by law, including
debts incurred for paymant of Pensions and boun
ties for services in suppressing insurrection or
rebellion, shall not be questioned." Sei-eniA,-That,
"neither the United States, nor any State - shall
assume or pay any ( debt or " obligation incurred
in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the U.
S-, or any claim for the loss . or emancipation of
anv slave: but all such debts, obligations and
claims shall be held illegal and . void.' Eighth,
That "the Conzresa shall have, the power to
enforce, by appropriate ' legislation, the provi
sions of this article.' . - ;
The Constitution provides that "the House of
Representatives shall be composed of, members,
chos en every second year by the people of the
several States ," and that "the Senate of the TJ
S. shall be composed of two Senators from each
State."" This proposition is not made to us by a
Congress so composed; this. State with eleven
others; being denied representation in the body
which proposed thus to amend the fundamental
law. It waa the clear intehtien of the Constitu
tion that every State Bhould have a right to rep
resentation in a Congress proposing alterations
in the original articles of compact; and on. this
account, alone,' no State, pretending to have
rights under the Constitution, can, with proper
scrupulousness or dignity, ratify an amendment
thus proposed. It is remarkable that this pro.
posed amendment contemplates, under one article,
i . . ? . i." z i i i. : l n n
to cnange me utostnutiou in eigui, parvicuwi a,
some of them altogether incongruous to be rati
fied as a ichole. We are not allowed to ratify
such of them as we approve and reject thoso we
disapprove. This is the first attempt to intro
duce the vice of - omnibus legislation into the
grave matter of changing the fundamental law.
In 1789. Contrress proposed to the States, pursu
ant to the 5th article, of the original constitution
twelve new articles, as amendments. Ten of
these were ratified by three-fourths of the States
The resolution, by which these articles i are sub
mitted to the States, authorizes the States to rat
ifv all or anv of them." Teh of them were rat
ified two were rejected. Each of the other three
amendments which have been adopted, to wit;
the eleventh, recommended ih 1794; the twelfth in
1803. and the thirteenth in 1865, was confined to
one matter. Te gome of the provisions of this
proposed fourteenth article constitutionally, sub-
mitted to us, mere wouiu prouauijr uo wujw
tion. To others, or to the heteroganedus whole.
it ia tinned the State will never give her assent.
A commentary on all the proposed amendments
would make this document inordinately long,
A few remarks on one or two of them, may not
be inapDroprite. Under our laws, made in con-
h,mi.T tn the Constitution of the United States,
fvni of the followine State officers, who en
tered on! the discharge of his duties prior to the
20th day of May 1861, took the ; oath to support
fh Constitution of the United States, viz : the
Governor, Judges of the Supreme and Superior
Courts, Public Treasurer, Secretary of State,
frnilnr.- Justices of the Peace, Sheriffs,
Clerks ef the County and Superior Courts, Clerks
and Masters in equity, Clerk of the Supreme
nnn-rt HnnntftMes. County Trustees, Coroners,
takers' processioners, rangers
standard-keepers, surveyors, every officer of , the
militia, Attorney Oenerai, state ana .ouutjr o
licitors, every member of the General Assembly,
and every other officer holding any office of tn-ut
or profit in this State, every lawyer was likewise
required to take it, though the right to practice
law has not been held to be an office of trust or
profit. The persons who had held these offices
prior to the war comprise a vast proportion of
the population of;1 the State. All postmasters
-and others who had held office under the United
States bad also taken this oath. The classes
embraced, the great body of the intelligence of the
State. - - '
When war had been inaagurated,--when one
section had confronted the other m military
conflict, when personal security compelled obe
dience to those 'vi de facto authority, who of all
these classes of officers, who remained in1 the
Stated did not join his own section In the fight,
A comfort" in the technical sense
of this phrase, or in the sense which future in
terpretation may assign to it, to those who did;
join in it? Scarcely a man remained among us
who can conscientiously say that he gave no
"aid and comfort" to the Southern soldiers, du
ring that conflict. But strange to say this
amendment leaves eligible to office any one who
went into a convention, and voted for the ordi
nance of secession, and any one who voluntarily
took up arms and fought on ' the - side of , the
PUBLISHED BY POOL . & SHOTWELL, IN THE BRICK BLOCK,
NEWBEM,
South to the end of the' war,.' or held a Beat in
the Confederate Congress, provided such person
had never taken an oath to -support, the Consti
tution1 of the United States. . 1 ! f
If it be held that a deeper shade of guilt at
taches to those who had held , office and taken
this oath, than to others who i owed like allegi
ence to the United States: is k l&wver who had
taken jthat oath and afterwatds joined in the re-
Demon, less guilty than a constable or a post
master, or other inferior officer who , had taken
the oath and afterwards giveu aid L . to the rebel
lion ? If it be said that the dispensing power
reserved to two-thirds of Congress may be relied
on to prevent any special hardship, it is incon
ceivable how so large a body, charged with . so'
many mord important duties, could exercise this
power with justice or discretion. If this amend
ment should be ratified, it is believed that not a
single4 one could be found in the State who was,
before the war, a Governor, a Judge of the Supreme
or Superior Court, a member of Congress, or
member of' the General Assembly of this State
who would be eligible as a county register1 or vil
lage i postmaster, without this dispensation of
two-thirds of Congress. The advocates of this
amendment urge that if we ratify it representa
tion in ; Congress will be conceded to us; and
that, if we reject it, we must expect, from the
dominant party in Congress, calamities still
more dire than we have yet felt. There is no
warrant for either assertion. .It would" have
been as unbecoming in Congress to offer it to us
under any such promise, or such threat as it
would be degrading' t us to ratify it undtr such
circumstances. It should : be considered solely
in reference to its fitness to form a part of the
fundamental law of a country claiming high po
sition among enlightened and Christian nations.
The fifth section of this proposed . article has the
same import, and is intended to convey as much
power, as if it were repeated at the end of each
one of the four preceding sections. The original
Constitution, inclosing the catalogue of the pow
ers of Congress,' gives the authority "to make all
laws which shall be necessary and proper for
carrying into execution the foregoing powers,
and all other powers vested by this Constitu
tion in the Government of the United States
or any department or offioer thereof, this au
thority has always been 1 understood to apply
to power conferred on the government of the
United States, by amendments subsequently
made, and has repeatedly received thei consider
ation of the iudiciary. Tf the design of this fifth
section is simply to re-affirm the long establish-
ed principle of power necessarily impnea under
the provision just recited, it is needless surplus
age; but if, as its special insertion indicates, it
is intended to amplify the various powers which
would be reasonably implied from the sections
which precede it, and to give to Congress a pecu
liar authority over the subjects embraced in the
proposed fourteenth article, it is mischievous and
dangerous. i . '
If there be any feature in the American sys
tem of freedom whieh gives to it practical ! value,
it is the fact that a municipal code is provided
under the jurisdiction of each State, by which all
controversies as to life, liberty or property, ex
cept in the now limited field of Federal jurisdic
tion, are determined by a jury or tne county or
neighborhood where the parties reside and the
contest arises; but, if Congress is hereafter to
become the protector of life, liberty and- proper
ty in the States, and the guarantee or equal pro-1
tectum i of the laws; and by appropriate legisla
tion to declare a system of rights and remedies,
which can be administered only in the Federal
Courts, then the most common and familiar offi
cprq nf instine must be transferred to i the few
points in the State where these courts are held,
and to judges ana otner omcers, . aenving ana
. . - i i . er . .
holding their commissions, not from the authori
ty, and people of the btate' as heretofore, but
from the President and Senate of the United
States, i The States, as by so much, are to cease,
to be self-governing committees as heretofore,
and trespasses against the person, assaults arid
batteries, false imprisonments and the like,
where only our own citizens are parties, must
be regulated by the Congress of the JNation and
adjudged only ih its courts. I cannot believe
that the deliberate judgment or tne people of any
State or any section will approve such an inno
vation, for although Its annoyances may be ours
to-day they must expect them to be theirs to-morrow.
The people of this State, with a singular
approach to unanimity, are sincerely desirous of
a restoration of their constitutional relations'
with the American union, in tne iaoe or cir
cumstances, rendering it nearly impossible, they
have paid its government the taxes, ef former
years, laid when another de fac o government
whose, powers they could not have resisted if
they would, was making levies in money and
kind almost greater than they could bear; they
acquiesced in the extinction of slavery, which
annihilated more than half their wealth; they
have borne with patience the exclusion of their
Senators and Representatives from thei halls of
Congress, where they have had no one to contra
dict orexplain the most exaggerated misrepre
sentations, or evjn to make known their griev
ances. How long this unnatural condition of
our relations is to continue, it seems, we shall
be allowed to have no share in determining. No
time has been set, and ne conditions proposed,
on. which it may be terminated. In the mean
time, l trust, we shall meet events as they arise
with a reasonable and manly fortitude,1 ready at
all times to fulfil our duties as patriotic citizens,
but under no circumstances willing to sacrifice
thi honor and rights of the State, as a member of
the Union; not in the sense of the advocates of
secession, but as taught by Iredell and Marshall
and Story and Kent and Webster,. and in! which
moderate men everywhere,' North and South, be
fore the war, were supposed to concur. Anx
ious as I was to avert the late war, and have at
all times been to compose' our troubles on the
basis of the Union as our fathers framed it, I
can perceive in this proposed amendment noth
ing calculated to perpetuate the Union; but its
tendency seems to me better suited to perpetu
ate sectional alienation and estrangement, and I
have, therefore, no hesitation in recommending
that it be not ratified. , .
THE
AFBI0AW BACE. i
. . . - i .
Most of the African race among us were lately
.1
slaves. Their misters cared for their subsistence.
Their habits illt fit them to provide for their in-
dispenaably daily wants. Nothing can be more
absurd than the! supposition that the great body
of them can now participate in Governmental af
fairs with any discretion. A very few of them
are discreet and virtuous, and have consid
erable intelligence ; and when the State shall be
left free to manage her internal affairs, without
extraneous interference, I do not doubt that the
question as to what share ought to be granted
them, m the elective franchise, will be candidly
considered. To grant universal suffrage to them
now is manifestly absurd. ,
What ought to be done in reference to this
race, if its consideration could . be approached
apart from passion and party politics, would
embarrass the wisest statesman and philanthro
pist. : Unhappily, our present condition does not
allow such calra .consideration. At present it
blends itself with our national aflairs. From the'
earliest: period of. our history under the. Nation-,
al Union, it has been the cause, or the pretext
for. I Bectional . strife. !, : Disuuionists North and
South, have constantly used it to alienate one
section of our country from the other. When
these ; strifes at last culminated in war and sla
very was suddenly abolished,' and the ; 8outh
thereby grievously impoverished and constrained;
to accommodate itself to a violent change, more
suddenly introduced than the teachings of expe
rience would seem, to, warrant, all patriotic men
looked for national repose, as a setoff. The one
great theory of bur government, which was sup-!
posed to be settled, was that each State should
manage its own Internal affairs, but so far from
the abolition of slavery having composed our see-'
. . , , rt , ; 1. 1 ii . - '
uouat amerenues, i nas onij lawasmea vuem,
the negro being still the subject of strifeY- The
North claimed that humanity required its inter-1
position to protect the recently emancipated
slaves from aggression on the part of the -white
people of the South, and new and strange tribu4
nals were instituted among us to manage this
race, claiming arid exercising lone after hostili
ties had! ceased, exclusive jurisdictioni civil and
criminal, over whites and blacks, as to all mat
ters to jwhich a freedman was a party, and rest
ing their decisions and modes or proceeding on
no known rules. It behooves every patriotic
mind to solve the problem, what is best t to be
C.;i TUESDAY,
NOVEMBER 27 1866.
done to avoid this sectional strife, in relation to
the negro. j;Ts it possible, in entire consistency
with the well heing of the African race, to avoid
this enduring source of animcaity between the
sections 7 ' it seems to me taat the course io pe
pursued is obvious, if the parties ' to the ' con
troversy sincerely desire reconciliation. -.-lhe
cause of the trouble is the unequal distribution
of the race between the sections. , The plain
and' practical remedy is . their , more equal diffu
sion. Existing circumstances invites such diffu
sion. ! The people of the SOuth (whether1 from
prejudice or not- is immaterial, to the, view I
take) do no regard the negro as their equaLj He
is not allowed the right of suffrage. The North'
insists. that this prejudice of the South does
cruel wrong to the African. "Among us they are
very poor, and few of them have! acquired local
attachments by, ownership of land. The results
of emancipation and war haver made the; whites
poor also ; and the uncertain condition of j our
federal relations prevents the influx of capital or
population ; Enterprise is paralyzed.! Tew! are 1
able to employ laborers and pay them, liberally.'
On the other hand the dominant States are. rich. I
In all of them the wages' of labor is much greater I
than ;we cah pay. In tnaiiy Of them are pqblic j
lnnn . -1. ' l- l.'l -1 l 11 , l I
lands of great ; fertility, which .the laws give to
the actual settler at a nominal trice. I In one of
these States a portion of the ceoole has given a
substantia earnest of the principles they profess
by eleetingj two Africans as members of their
State Legislature., f Everything seems to invite
their emigration to the .dominant States-bnt
most of them are. loci poor to paY the expenses of
moving. , This difficuhy may bo overcome) by
divertmg the appropriation made to sustain1 the
Freedmens .Bureau, to' defraying; the traveling
expenses of those who -may , choose pto1 move,
allowing each one to choose the State or territory
to which he would go. ' When thus left free
and aided to go where they may think their pon-
K :u u u - ii a : : j : t i-n
dition will
ye ueuereu, uo grqunae will uc j leu
sectional strife as. 'to ! their goverri-
for further
menti Wh
o that would avoid the rock on which
our ship of State is threatened with wreck,! will
object to this scheme of reconciliation ? It is
clear that the Northern States will not object to
it It will place the negroer, voluntarily emi
grating to tnem, under their immediate guardi
anship, where they can dook after I their personal
protection and mental and moral culture, much
more discreetly than they can by,a Freedman's
Bureau, or; any other-machinery (While they re
main here.1 - ' . ' -1 '1 - ' -
lam sure North Carolina will: not obiect to
this scheme. It it be objected that the emigra-,
tion would; be so universal as to leave: us gar a
time, without a sufficiency of laborers, and it be
conceded that this would be the result, who
would not prefer to perform servile labor until
other labor could be procured, to the inquietude
and humiliation to which we are now subjected ?
But, such would not be the result. North
Carolina means to treat her freedmen with jus
tice ana numanity. very many of them retain
the feelings of kindness .and confidence which
they fbnnerly felt towards their late masters, land
these reciprocate the feeling and "pay them fair
wages, and give them, every, reasonable aid to
better their condition. Although we may be
unable to perceive anything to encourage our
efforts in the pas history of th race,-1 respect
fully recommend that you propose this plan of
national reconciliation to the . Congress of the
United States. Whether the suggestion be car
ried ojut or not, it behooves us to consider what
the welfare-of the State requires us to do in spe
cial rerereuce 10 tne Aincau race among us. i he
task which the sudden emancipation ot so many
slaves imposed, if we' were allowed to Undertake
iswithout interference, Would be sj most difficult
one. we must lace it as it is, and do the best
we can for the common weal . of the white and
the black, i f'
The most promment subjects demanding new
legislation is crime and pauperism?, Our Courts
ne uttu.Au uvvuuicu viuu uio criminal diuo oi
hft.i HAHnost iiin tm.i . 1 U 1 1 . i 1 - , F
the dockets that little attention could be given
to civil suits, ana our jails are i6till ; crowded.
Stealing, formerly regarded as: the .meanest of
uimcB, ouu ui , uuucuucui occurrence in wis
State, from the manner ia. which) the late war
was conducted and other causes, has come to be
regarded as a rather veniable offence. The ac
tion of out Courts has done much to check it
It is still frightfully common. Negroes compose
much! the! larger class of these offesnders. Much
the larger number of convicts, of all colors, are
insolvents,1 and the expenses of their prosecution
and imprisonment swell largely the frightful
burthen ot taxation under which our imrOver-
isnea people are laboring. This evil must be
- i - - I
remedied, if possible. ; ;
- Under our existing laws recebtly enacted.
power is conferred on the Justices of the Peace
to erect work houses for their respective Coun
ties, in which insolvent eonvictsf should work
out the fines imposed and the costs, of prosecu
tion, j The erection ef proper buildings will cost
much, Counties cannot' bear , the expense of
(erecting around them sufficient wills to prevent
tne escape of prisoners. . The salary of the Su
perintendent and other employees, must be
considerable. How can the coiivict be com
peUed to labor ? WhAtishe to w6rk at? If a
machinist, is it contemplated . toj supply each
County, work shop with the necessary tools and
maienaia r is leatner to .be provided for the
shoemaker and saddler : coal, anvil. - hammer
and. bellows for the blacksmith
planes for the carpenter, &c.? . ,H
; plank and
not, what is
he to work at? Or if he be not
a machanic,-
what is he to work at ? Certainly
not , at farm-
ing. This would require the keeping of mules
or horsesj with uncertainty whether any, or how
many convicts would be sent to th work house.
xne superintendent could not Ditch his crop in
uncertainty whether he would hav any hands or
how; many he would have, and almost a certainty
that when he put his cbnvict in the field to work
he would run away, .;. I submit whether it would
not be better to seep up our highways by taxa
tion, and to compel insolvent vagrants and oth
ers, convicted of misdemeanors, jto work with
ball and chain, on the highways or! other, publio
works of the Counties, allowing them, as toro-
Tiueu in our vountj worn nouse act to raise tne
fine and costs by apprenticing themselves,
. V .'.'.'; 5 ! PENITENTIABX. i ' '
as to convicts ior tne nigner grades ot crimes
I think a penitentiary should be erected. This
moae oi pumsnment has been in! long use in
most of the States. It has never been discon
tinued, so far as I "am informed, iri any, State
which has adopted it, and I regard this experi
cuce as aecisive in iavor ot tne plan. If this re-
commenaauoa oe approved, l further recom-
mend that provision be made for eiriployins con-
vict labor, as far as practicable, ia the construc
tion of the necessary buildings, and that a pro
per commission be constituted to carry , out the
design in the best manner :
- -.h:; j -:rf j; 'pauperism.
Thei number dependant for subsistence on pub
lio chanty is vastly greater than it ever was in
any past period of our histoty. A benevolent
feature of the Freedmen's Bureau (was the.issu
ing of rations to indigent blacks. This, I under
stand, will be, or has been discontinued. Large
numbers or them, too old or intorm! to labor, and
a still larger number of children, loo young to
labor, and without Barents, or with nurftnta nnf.
tion to these is the large number made dependent
by the loss or the maiming of their parents in
the late war. As to the number of these last I
cannot furnish the statistics, contemplated by
the resolution of the General Assembly of the
the tenth of March last, the chairman of the
County Courts of some three or four counties on
ly, having sent me any returns, rind - these do
not profess to be full and accurate. .The pauper
negroes, formerly supported' by the master, must
now go to the poor houses; I recqnmend a re
vision of the poor laws. , I. am, not! prepared to
suggest any specific alterations bf them, but
hope your wisdom may . be able td devise some
plan of lightning the heavy burthern which the
proper care of the poor must soon impose upon
us.;,,.. i,.;,?v... ". .. v !. M
l- !'. AFFBBKTICSBIF. 1" . v
A recommend a revieiuu oi uur laws m reiationi
to apprenticship. The future well-being of the
State depends much upon the manner in which
our children and-youth are . brqught up. Great
numbers of the rising generation, white and;
black, are growing up without ; proper j training
in the habits of steady industry! essential to
make them moral and useful citizens. I Some of
them, children, having no father to guide them;
many of them," (in the language of one of our
statesmen,- the parents with whom such, chii-
dren may live, do not habitually employ' their
t y- - " o O r ,
EAST I SIDE' OF CRAVEN STREET.
time in some honest, industriou occupation.
But to attain, the proper; ends or apprenucsnip
no pains should be spared, in Selecting the mas
ters to wham the tutelage . of 'such r children lis,;
committed, in this, I think the' administration of
our laws requires amendment. nhen a caim is
to be bound apprentice, l rear .that our county
vouri9. io wniOQ wia uuvy is . bouuuw,
which' are expected to act in loco parentis often
neglect to look nrooerly . to the fitness of, the-?
master to brine up the child.' Now ; when- the
welfarioftke State requires the exercise of this j -
power much more extensively than formerly, it j
fs well to inauire whether something may not be s
done for the . better protection and hearing of
this class. In practice 1 feaiy that the eminent-1
lys wise and beneficent provisien of, bur Statute,
Kev. Code, Chap. Ui, Kec. lo,' has .not peen sum-1
ciently observed. Itrequiresi the .Grand, Jury i
of every Couqty annually at the orphan's court,
to present to the Court, in. writing, tne names put
all orphan children within their county, that j
have not guardians, If riot bound out to some
trade or employment; and also) all abuses," mis-.
management and neglect1 of such guardians as
are appointed by the court of their county; I re
commend that the provisions 0f this1 section bet
' - - , . . ta 1 . . . I
enlarged so as to embrace all children whom you
mav declare nt sumecis i mi anprcnwcsaipe au
that the Jury jeport at every term oi, ine court,
and that if be made the duty of the county at
torney, at each term, to give the act m charge to
the Grand Jury. I suggest further that it would
tend much to the security; and proper care or ap
apprentices, if it were made the special duty of
county solicitor, to attend; to the binding of each
apprentice and attest the indentures; with power
in every case where he may deem it expedient, .
to carry the case by appeal to the superior
Court, and that proper provision be made for his
compensation for this service.?
I have received from Thos. P. Jjevereux, isq..
an aged citizen, distmguisned ior ms intelli
gence, and long the owner of a large number of
; . n m t
slaves, a letter on this supjecc, presenting many
views and reflections, the resultof his experience.
I transmit ! his letter with this message, and
commend his suggestions; to your consideration.
T 1 t V .. 11. . l:.. tk. fin n m 1 l.oBMhlV
itj una uveu. tuo puuuv ui buo uciiciai. looeuiuyi
since the ordinance of emancipation, to so re-
form our laws, as to personal rights, that no dis
tinction should, exist tol the prejudice or tne
blacks. I find some distinctions still exists as to
apprenticeship, inadvertently overlooked I pre
suriie. Our laws require thej binding of white
females to the age of eighteen, and. colored fe
males to the age of twenty-one years ; and power
is conferred on tne court to oina as apprentice,
the children of free negroes, when the parents
with whom such children may live do not habit
ually employ their time ih . some honest, indus
trious occupation." There is! no provision for
binding white children 80 neglected by their pa
rents. I hope the law will be so altered as to
abolish these discriminations,; and all others, if
any others ba found to exist. !
An embarrassing difficulty.' as to the binding
of negro children, has lately presented itself.
On being notified by a citizen, to whom negro
children hod been bound as apprentices by the
county 'court, that he had! been notified by an of.
ficer of-, the freedmen's bureau, that such binding
would not be respected, and that ne was required
to surrender such children, the indentures hav.
ing been declared null byj authority of the offl.
cers of the bureau. I had had no previous no
tice that such interference was contemplated. In
reply to a letter of inquiry which I (thereupon
addressed to Brevet Major ueneral Komnson, the
Assistant Commissioner of the r reedman s . Bu
reau in this mate, be sent me; a copy of the or
der under which his subordinates acted, in these
words : "The civil courts will not be allowed to
make any discrimination between whites and
blacks, in i the apprenticing' of children. No
child whose parents are able and willing to sup
port it, can be bound without the consent of the
parents; children over fourteen yeats of age will
not be bound out as apprentices under any cir
cumstances. Col. liutherfhrd will see ; that the
above rules; are strictly carried out, and will at
once cancel all Indentures net made in conform
ity therewith." This order, if carried .into effect
substantially annuls, as I conceive, the powers
of our courts over minor children of color. The
1 W . it ' iJ " x V
correspondence on tne supjectis not concluded.
I hope the order will be revoked. As j soon as a.
final decision Bhall be reached I. will communi-
cate it to you.
j ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.
Soon after the adjournment of our ' Conven
tion, I addressed a communication to General
Robinson, calling his attention to the fact that
onr laws had been so reformed that no discrim
ination existed as to the administration of jus
tice, to the prejudice of free persons of color.
He promptly issued an oder, a copy of which
accompanies this communication, dated July
tho 13th. 1866. restoring to our courts, with one
exception; all eases to which ( freedmen are parr
ties. This order relieved our people from one
sourc e of great annoyance. It has ' been faith
fully observed on thefpartof the bureau, and the
power so j justly and wisily exercised- by ,our
courts, that nobody now doubts that tho change
of jurisdiction was a proper one.
' Our anomalous condition, the boundaries of ju
risdiction between the military and civil author
ities being illy defined, has led to much corres
pondence between the Executive and ' Military
Commandants of the State.
It is spread out
on
my letter! book, subject to
your inspection.
shows, as I think, a disposition on both sides
av6id unriecessary conflict! t ! j ' I '
WS a. ' T J?4 ww- . m "
people, who, by petitions addressed to the Presi -
r or a ume a was aisiressea oj a portion oi our
dent and otherwise, charged upon our courts par-
United States' soldiers and negroes: and by re-
ports teridinz to the same end. made to me bv
the military commandant! of the State, covering
. . -
comDlaints made to him. hv certain of nnr r-it.i-
zens. who represented thai thev could not ha.
justice 14 our courts. , Investigation has shown
tnese comprainesto nave naa no just loundation,
and the manifest tairness with which our judi
cial officers have held the scales of justice, has
.won the admiration pf all. jAtJohe time these
complaints seemed alarming. I deemed it of
vital importance to ascertain whether there was
any great grounds for them,iand if they - were
found to be unfounded, to!countera6t theirlbane-
ful lnflueiice. . And, upoln receiving from the
military commandant of the State, a, eomplaiht
irom a citizen 01 niues Ceanty. imputing gross-
7 disloyal conduct to certain persons being or-
ganizea as state mintia, I deemed it necessary
to send an agent," in conjunction, with one
appointed by ; the ' military commandant, to
enquire ' iinto the truthfulness of these al
legations I . appointed William S. Mason,
JSsquire, of this city- His report, as well
as that or the officer sent with! him by Gen
era! Kobinson, - showed the . groundlessness of
-the complaint. Mr. Mason bore his own expen
ses and performed this service, with the j knowl
edge that I had no power to give fa warrant for
his compensation. ' Eir services were! valuable
to the State, and, I trust you'will have noy hesi
tation in giving him suitable compensation.
V ELBCTIOX OP rUITED BTATE3 SENATOrI
The term for which the Honorable John Pool
was elected United States jSenator will expire on
the fourth of Mrrch next Although we have no
indications how long it will ;be the pleasure , of
the dominant party in Congress, to exclude us
from any .participation inj national legislation,
we ougnt, as x minK, tocontmue to perform on
onr part,-u our constitutional duties, among
wmcu is tne election or a senator, with all the
qualifications prescribed in the Constitution;
and I, therefore, deem it proper to call your at
tention to an act of Congress, approved Jul v 25th
1866, entitled n act to regulate the times and
manner ror holding elections for Senators in
Congress,', a copy of which accompanies this
messaie.1;. '... r.;. "' .-i-r. ;f r ; I. '
:':y. ABTITICIAI, LIHB3. j , fX..!'.
under stae resolutions, authorizing the fur
nishing or maimed soldiers with artificial legs,
passed at the last session of the General Assem
bly devolving on the Governor the duty j of car
rying the same into execution, I addressed a let
ter to the Sheriff of each county of the State, re-
questing nun to report to ne, at an early day,
the number in his county who had lost limbs, dis
tinguishing tnose who had lost legs, from those
who had lost arms. I also addressed letters to
a number of Manufacturers of artificial limbs.
i I I : w. w V4 eu iiuv4 aaauu0
1 whose patents had been approved, and who were
' manufacturing limbs for the maimed soldiers of
Pbicb Five Cents
the United States, requesting them to sefrd me
samples of their manufacture, and to submit
proposals fer supply the State. Many specimens
were sent and proposals made. After a careful
examination and extensive inquiry, I. closed a
contract with Jewitt & Co., at seventy dollars
for each leg and fifty dollars for each arm to be
supplied - To ' insure an easy fit, it was
necessary that the soldier should be ,in the
shop and ' there have 1 the limb fitted to the
b tump, and the contract therefore, required
.the manufacturer to make them in a shop in
this city. " To i enable ,: the soldiers to come
here without cost,1! wroto , to the i Presidents
of each of the railroads -and transportation
companies, requesting free f passage for 1 them,
oming and -going, to which -all cf them
prompuy assenteo. i causea to oe nctea up a
4iouse witn .suitable beddings, Ac, lor such of
them tooccupy as might choose - to do so, they
ueing ja uu expense excepi.ipr provisions, twnicn.
mey coma Dring witn mem or otnerwise pro
. . .1.1V . l . . "
cure. I employed Air. rim Itvan i to attend to
the details, whose , report, to me, accompanies
i.uu uicBBaue. xuo oucrixia, witnoufc exception.
lhe government of UMUJnUed fetates pays thhjence. and nearly all the furniture has been lost,
earn. AAnfMJltftM AAWHnfvAA JaII.mi l1 I . ' w ... i '
same contractors seventy-five dollars eacUi;0
IeVr T will vftAw Aef Via Ctnf a imam 4V.A. it:. I
V- Yll , ; Jtra
""ufi nu. u mwupuuu ciuoea, lot)
Tltttt if a - .exec-au5SJ neir; undertaking i
JWlfcg, iso, far as I.have Jheardj
- uTi1 measures; belonging to the Srate,-were, missing.
JSSt. and. ctUany eouritie. which had lostf a part.: or all It
wiy manner in wnicn this work is progressing,
wuicu gave me mucn anxiety and solicitude in
the selecting of the patent and; arranging the
beginning of the work. I refer you for further
particulars to the. accompanying .report of MJ
llyan, who has faithfully and diligently kept the
books and attended toall the details.?: , -' j
IiPnatio isTmtr ',.-...!':', . - :
The close of the war left the Lunatic Asvlnm
in a most deplorable condition. V On the occopa4
tion of this city by the United States army, the
benevolent design of: this Institution did rfot
protect it from spoliation.- The fencing; w)
lnciosea its grounds, some rr acres, waa torn
away and used for fuel, or other purposes. I The
orchard and garden were exposed. Its stock of
milch, cows, hogs, corn, pork, fcc., was eizedS
and taken away. It is just to the United Statea
officers in command here, to say, that they pre-!
vented the disbanding of the Institution and thai
turning out. of the poor maniacs by furnishing;
the .needful supplies until, by the partial restora
tion oi tne civil authorities, the State could raJ
sume her guardianship over it ; '
unaer tne act ra tinea tne tentn aav ot March.
last "to secure a better government for the;
Insane Asylum,", vesting the government oX thei
institution m five supervisors, to be bienriiallyi
be ex officio chairman of the board, I solicited .
and obtained the consent of five gentlemen, dis-i
tinguished for capacity and. benevolence, and aE
residents in itaieigh, to serve as supervisors, t
wit : Thos. Bragg, Geo. W. Mordecai. Dr. E. B
Haywood T. H. Selby, and C. Dewey, and, taponi
the resignation of Dr. Haywood, after a few
mouths service, I obtained the consent of Dr,
Charles Ej Johnson; and appointed him to fit
tne vacancy, ine.se gentlemen are entitled toi
the thanks of the State for their diligent effort,
requiring mucn oi tneir time, often upon sudden!
caM, in the discharge of their duties. The yourJ
nal of our proceedings are open for your inspew
! w i j - j I - j .. . r i
vu' o uavc ciiuoarureu to ao everyxning - wei
deem compatible with the laws and consistent!
with enlightened benevolence, to diminish th
J" .1 i T . - . ' YT .. .. . i
tiueuocs oi me xnsutuuon. xour attention ia
invited to! the report of the Superintendent Dr.
v r -cjcVi ti , . . .4
xj. y. i iouci, nuicu x ncrcwjtn transmit iojyou,
muicaung; tne particulars as to which we deem!
additional legislation necessary.' ' It is believed
tVn 'I t- w u.l - 1 1" . . 1 . !
Kuuu i poacuio a lliu UliU likic UUWlBg OI tne
of this great charity, and its
future wants. The whole of the aurironriktion
l il i L . , . - . . !
ior iu support nas Deen exnausteo. Ai lorther
appropriation will.be needed at an early day toi
lay in supplies for the coming year. We did not
constrne tne act mating the appropriation fat
the support of the Institution this year, as j cen-i
templating the payment of sundry debts: cen-j
irac-iou ior Buppues, salaries, towards thei
close of the war and afterwards, i . We have' had!
much trouble in scaling these Aebts.' mostly, on!
the basis of Confederate mony. i "If. adjusted ac-i
cording to the scale of depreciation' ' established
by the General Assembly, some of them would!
get mucn more and others much - less, t than we!
deemed equitable. . ,We submit a. report of thei
amount which, we think, ought tq, be paid to
oncu oi mese creaitorsf ana x recommend ' that;
an appropriation be made for their payment t
AGBICOXTUKAXr 00IXECO. ! i
It will be seen by the able report of our Pu
lie Treasurer, which; ! herewith transmit Uhatj
we received some months ago, the scrip fo onet
hundred and seventy thousand (170.000) acres
of P lblic lands, being one-share of a donation of
nnkliA O 1 J . . I - 1 . i
uuiio ittuua, ujr . vuuress, lu bju in. estaoiisning
colleges iri the several States and territories, , to
S M. A X . . . mi
inipart instruction in Agriculture and the Aiech-i
amc Arts. By the second section of an Act of
the General Assembly, ratified the fifth dav of!
31arch 1866, the Public Treasurer is empowered
1 i. J !il it V.1 ... f. . .:
ujr auu witn tne aavice oi tne uovernor, to sell
mis iana and invest the proceeds in stocks of the
uuuea otates, or or the states, or other j safei
stocKs, yielding not less than five per cenfum in
terest. Owing to .the Homestead r law. , which.
grants umitea quantities of the oublie lands . toi
It actual 8ettler8, at a nominal price, our scrip if
i now pt in market, will bring little more than
fcy fiftv (Wl Pnta no Ti- -V t . .. 2-: !
f r- -vw. . i duivx - w., pricey
tne enaowment or tne proposed college would be
1 ery small, and in the present unsettleJ. conJl
J fSm! -ck
r emDarrassing. lhe pw price of otr n oeiml
w.wu.u investment in them, 1 fj the State
1 Aha 1 I K. i . ,,, . ... . . .
her creditors, which I hone and belie will be
rw ...u u lciiucrafc auu ace iaiiautu;
tu ua ; out, in me pamrui uncertainty which
clouds the, future, as no damage could be fore-(
seen from a little delay, wej have declined the:
responsibility of making a salo, and deciding in
tM. . . 1 X ? . 1 1 - ... ...
wnat stocxs the ? proceeds should be invested
nna we respectiauy bsk ror more Boecihe ' in
struction from your honorable body. I am sure
the State will heartily co-eperate in adopting
the most efficient means of carrying out the de-
signs, of congress, to i.wit, giving; the aids of
science to the , chief . elements i of American
strength, and prosperity, i The inoulrv arises.
howcao this object he ' most -efficiently - carried
out in tnis stater i-: . . ; i-j. h - ru'-i .
v university, wnictt onr uonstitution re
quires us to sustain, has lost the bulk of its ' en
dowment, by the insolvency of the bank of Horth
Carolina, it has buildings adapted to the' ac
commodation of four hundred (400) students on
a tract of land containing many hundred: acres
of good agricultural I tnd, with enl about one
nunarea stuaents with larire libraries, a very
extensive Geological Cabinet, and other facilities
for imparting scientific knowledge. 1 It appears
-to me that the best mode of carrying out jthe
will of Congress, wul be the; engrafting of one
-University of an Agricultural and Mechanical
department. A like course, has been adopted,
or is under consideration, in several oft Tthe
Northern States. H Our indefatigable Public
Treasurer has corresponded with the Treasurers
of many of these States on the subject, and will
iaa.o pieaguio iu giving to any committee, vj
whom you may give this matter in chargej the
benefit to be derived from the action of other
States. -The subject deserves your' special i con
sideration. -' " ;-; - ' !: . -
IKTEECHAKGB ' OP LAWS. BVMMZ ' COURT fes-
; U-' ' "''Y PORTS, &C. '' i ';'
nOur statistics and the decisions of our Supreme
Court, - since the re-OrganisStion of the State
government, have been forwarded to the several
States and territories : and we ; have receivea,
and are constantly receiving.1 large numbers of
volumes in excharige. New 1 York sent us I one
hundred and fifteen' (115) ' volumes, and many
of thei other States - a considerable number.
Mai, sachuoetts, and some other States, through
their proper ofBcershave asked ns to make their
sets of our Supreme Court Eeports complete, by
sending them the reports of the' decisions made
br our Court daring the war, ?: We have beeri un
able to comply with these ! requests, because; if
they were printed in sunicient numbers, they
have been lost Many of theiu ' were unbound
and poorly printed on bad paper. I suggest
the expedieney ol re-printing new editions rof
them. ' . : , '-
PUBLIC IJBBABt, ,
I loarn from the Librarian that he will i
Published -Dally, amd AVeeltly
Kewbem, Jiortk Carolina, by V, : ,
on Crevea 8treet,
POOL
SHOTWELL.
-t ...v-- -V-r:.'
I ' TERMS OF UI1SCKIFTI03I. ' , '
Dally one year. ; V. . . )i. .. . i 0 '
six months I i . . : '. . '.V.l ..............;
Te clubs of ten one year. ............
To eiubs of ten six monthal . . . . .ll. .
..............''O.Oi.'
leuif rat jemr..... .........
. - ; i s .
six months.....,..'..1....
.50
1.50.
: . .-' . i
A elnb of ten, weekly, one year,,.
A club of ten, weekly, six months
80.0O.
iouoo
require more space for '' the reception of books.
Besides the annual addition of ; literary, histori-i
cal and scientific works being made under, the
law appropriating five hundred dollars ($500) a'
year, for the increase of the publio Library, we
are continually recemnglarge accessions by our
iniercuaugos wivu vne oiaiee anu .vuw hwui .
government. Additional space should be pro-;
vided for them. As to how tnis may be best ef-. '
fected,.! have no specific recommendation to sub-J
The old arsenal building, at an inconsiderable ,
expense, (now entirely useless; might be made
available for.tome publio purpose. '. f i - ? .
I call your attention to the condition or tne .
-buildings and grounds, provided
by
an a, u.
reside'nee of the Governor. ; They I have . een pc.
cupied as the head-quarters of the Military Com-,
mandant of the State, since the capture of this'
oifybyQen Sheraan,t army, in April 1865.?-!
i The fencing Ms been removed, the garden, thek
fruit trees and shrubbery are exposed to stock,'
aomei of the ornamental trees cut down and ' the
buildings . damaged ond defaced. I have not
asked to occuby these buildings. ' They require :
essential f epaws to make them a ' luitable resi
destroyed, and no appropriation- has been
0 - - - - .
made to repair and refurnish the premises
. WEIGHTS AND HSASfBES.
0n entering upon, the discharge of my official
datiea, i fottl that the standard of weights and
Many counties which had losr a part.
their standards ofi weights and measures hereto-,
fore supplied by the Slate,' were applying ' lor
new-ones, i Oo application to the Secretary, of the. 1
Treasury, a new supply was sent; and, ; in the
meantime, I addressed a circular to the' Chair
man rif each County Court in the State, to ascer
tain what measuresrit would be my duty, to pro
vide for them," tinder the provisions of chapter'
117:RevisedCode..";.';.;'..;': i i v-i'.-iii "'
gL could not contract, with .discretion, for the
manufacture of these measures, until I knew the
whole number to be. supplied. ';Very manyjof th't,
chairmen did not respond. I sent a second cir- '
cular, to the county court clerks, and have now
an answer from nearly, all ef them. L rtapeci-
fully supmit thattbe details of this duty ought
not to be imposed on: the Governor, or that he
should be authorizsd to employ and pay i suita-;
ble agent to attend to it, I refer you to a letter,
on this subject from Prof. A. D. Bache, which ac
companies this message. ..'; ' z i . - ' . "
i-r,. !. ' . MILITIA. : , ) j. -s
A -well 'regulated -militia Is essential to the
administration of -the state government, as well
as to the discharge of her duties, as . a member,
of the Union. At the beginning of my adminis
tration, total disorganization of the militia exists
ed. Under, the act of the General Assembly,
passed the 12th day of March last, I appointed
John A. Gilmer, Jr., Adjutant General with in .
structions to carry out the provisions of said act
The duties to be performed - were twenty itimes
greater than they were before the war. Nearly,
five thousand officers bad to be elected, commls-'
sioned and qualified proper records to be kept
a correspondence to be conducted with every.
county in the State, and innumerable other diffi
culties to pa overcome. The salary ; allowed to
this officer, when the services, were comparative
ly light was two hundred dollars ($200) a year.
This was not altered by the act of last March.-
Believing that this was an oversight, and that
you would make him adequate com pension, he
entered zealously upon the dischatge of his du
ties. , I herewith submit his report, and commend
it to your capful consideration. ' ! " f V
-l AUDITOR AND OOMPTROLIiEB.
By an act of the General Assembly theie offi-"1
ces were consolidated and no Clerk allowed. -The
duty of auditing claims, ' imposed, on this)
officer, his decisions being final, and. subject to
no supervision, require an officer of firmness and
capacity, and the extensive book-keeping, and
methodical arrangement of the papers pertain,
ing to his j duties as Auditor and Comptroller,
require much labor. I recommend ' au inquiry
whether judicious economy does not require an
increase of salary and the aid of a Clerk. ,
COUBTS OF OTIB AID TKElTlirEa. .
I have considered it my duty, iri a few instan
ces, under existing laws, to designate Judges to
hold Courts of Oyer and Terminer; but after full
inquiry and careful examination of the, laws, I
am in doubt as to what is the legislative will, in
reference to the compensation of si ; Judge for
such special service. .1 ask such, actionon your
part as shall leave no ground for doubts. " . ' , -
TBKrAIBS OF THX BTXTB HOUSE. ' T - ,
Under the provisions of the resolution neseed hv th
Oenerai Assembly, in March Jast, authoriitUig the GkYerp
or to make "needful repairs on-the KUte House, and
under the powers conferred npon the Governor, Seo e
tary of the SUte, Public Treasnrer and Comptroller, by
chapter 103 of the Bevised Code, yf hre caAsed-ettch
repairs to oe mae 10 tne uapuol, ana each additional
furaiture supplied to the HIU and ofnees m Wej deemed
necessary; and the Governor and Puplio treasurer. In
obedience to a resolution of the Ctonvejitiauibx; the 20th
day of Jane, 1866, have had the necessary gaa fixtures
put up for the lighting of the Halls and r6om of Che
Capitol. We have executed these duties with -as mneh
UUVUVU.J m.m . t- " - - . -" ' . ia . v v ... ,
IV.
HILL8BOEO MTUTARX ACADKKT. . .
1 have received a communication from GenB. &j ilaU'
eton, Superinti ndent of the .Hilleboro' Academy, nhlch
i
vwu pnuju uu uiHgr, KDuexvuBi vaenaff- gratnl--tonsly
one scholarship in his Academy to one ronnir
man from each Congressional District la this State and
one scnoiarsnip io one yoang man irom tne state atlar gs
to be designated by the Oovernori 'The- Institution asks
no pecuniary aid from the State... Poor Toung men. will
be unable to avail themselves of this opportunity to ac
quire a scientific and military education in this Ols'ln-
guished Seminsry
board, j. eubmitt
you may be able to
or learning, without aid to tav" thfei
it this subject to you. to the J hope that
you may be able to offer some aid or encouragement to
this generous design. .'.' - . t''.fr.'K,
ASYLUM FOE DKAF MUTES AND TUB BUND.
' it should bea matter of just pride that 14 snitepf th.
3
ing their works of benincence. The report oti,he (res-
ident Directors, Principal, Auditor and Treasurer, of
our Asylum for deaf mutes and the blind, which I hr.
wi a transmit .to yon, exhibit this Institution as .steadily
executing, with undiminished viger, the benevolent pur-'
poses fqr which it was oreated. I commend their reports
to. your careful coniideration. . ; ; . . r o ;j . ; r i ;:
KOBUO SCHOOLS AHD IKTEBNAI. IMPKOVKHKNtS-
AA President of the Boards of literature and- of Inter
nal Improvements, I shall submit to you additional mes
sages, at as early a day as practicable, touebing the ma,
ters committed to the charge of these boards, , -I
:u IINXNCKS, CUBBXMOT, &C- TT.:-.i , f.
I have not commented on our finances, the expediency
of establishing Banks, or other means ol supplying a enr
i cuwj uu raw, iuk u uhki oi out people. Decana
Si T e beT nahi. to 7S"'&'
subjects, which I could 1 'confld entry"'- recommena-
proper to be adopted. As to our finances, I have nothing
to add to the snggeations of the Public-Treasurer, -rhick
I endorse.
- pt the targe number of persoai redu f'l
enoe fto rpoverty, withoua-faolt of th.i . 'i r:,,r"
pressed with debt, and still larger cV7hoTm hi
moaeraw competency, nut are neeet to find the means ef
supplying their 'tadispensible wanU, Md ZK,
Inexorable demands of the ax collector fel the mnS
profound sympaUiy. but I 'ear yen can do little for their'
rJ&Z- ,Th15 8h(ald Pl' great reliance upon In
dividual in das try, and economy and nnbritV f w
arrangements aud compromises between debtor and
.creditor, and expect litUe from government beyond : the
protection of their rights. The mutual Interest of debtor'
and creditor, generally Indicate the proper bases ef
settlement. In the case of a "Shylock" creditor,! the
existing law furnishes the doctor . with a retaedy, by m
deed of trust and otherwise, for bringing the creditor to
terms, l-y pref frring the mire lenient ones. The pecn
.liar c'tvnm.su'i etc of each case will Indicate the beat
adjustment between debtor and creditor. The wholesome
provision of the Constitution of the United States, which !
forbids a Bute to pass any law Impairing the obligations
of a contract, should beiaitnrauy obserrea, as should be
aU one constitutional obligations; and in the end. the
State and Individuals will reap the reward which always
follows a steadfast adherence to duty, Let us' art,
that hereafter, as heretofore, bur hearts may swell with .
pride at the mentisn of the -good old North SUte-J r
I CONCLUSION. iM I
There is much to occasion the gloom prerailisg through
out the htate. It has been exhibited in Tsrious ways. The
growing indifference of our people, in all the elections
which have lately occurred. Is greatly to be deplsred. it
ns never despair or . the Republic, i Our tune-honored .
axiom "that all political power Is Tested in and deriTedJ
from the people only' win hare become an unprofitable
dec aration of principle, when the people shall cease to
take an interest in election.' There is much in the rrriew
of the recent past to forbid despondency and encourage
nope, uur oieie naa not been afnioted witb war. or pea- ,
tilence or famine. Although we have not been blent ev
erywhere with propitious seasons. In mneh the larger
part of the SUte. the toils, of the farmer hare bees abun
dantly rewarded. Our courts, for months, have been ex
ercising full jurisdiction, without interference by the mil.
ltary or the Unitod 8Utes, (except in the mat W of . ip
prcnticlng colored children, which at ia hoped Will be
soon bausiactoruy-arranged.) and. as a ooaseqnenea,
crime Is bting repressed, and the orderly citizen feels the
protection of the law. Time and the action Of the courts
hare done much to moderate the anlmositi and restore,
tie good feeling which existed among ns. hare made
much advance towards restoring th, respect for law and
order, which fofmerly distinguished otic people, and all
class s are becoming more steadily indaatrioua. Curia
etitnt ons of learning are reviving, and their IncreaMn
nu a ber of pupils is highly enoouragg. - We should hi
proioundly thankful for the blessins we enjoy knd -deavor,
by mutual forgiveness and Larity, and Inaii l
wTn.P&widx: j-rv-'-r. of
i:;i-f:;
vs.
'ft
f