M
CHATHAM CITIZEN,
I
PUBLISHED WEEKLY. iT
PITTSBOBO, - - N. 0.
ft. B. LIMEBERRY. Editor A Preprlitor.
The National Farmers Alliance And
Industrial Unlon.-
! President llann Page, Brandon,
Ta. . ' . '
Vice-President C. Vincent, Indian
apolis, Ind.
. Secretary-Treasurer TV' P.Bricker,
Cogan Station, -Pa.
ixctcbebs.
J. P. Sossamon, Charlotte, N. C.
T Hamlin V. Poore, Bird Island,
Jlinn. ,
F. H. Peirsol, Parkersbarf , W. Ya.
3UTI05AI EXECTTIVE COMMITTEE.
ilann Page. Brandon, Va. ; B. A.
Boutbworth, Denver, CoL; John Bre
nig, W. Va.; A. B. Welch. New York;
"W. A. Gardner, Andrew's Settlement,
Pa. -
JCDICIABT.
B. A. Southworth. Denver, Colo.
B. W. Beck, Alabama.
; H. D. Davie, Kentucky. ' . '
KOBTH CAB03UXA FABMEBS' STATE AXXX
AKCE.
President J no. Giabam, Bidgeway,
K. C.
"Vice-President W. O. . Upchurch,
Morrisville, 2. C. -Secretary-Treasurer
J. T.B.Hoover,
Hillsboro, N. C.
State Business Agent T. B.Parker,
Hillsboro, N. C.
Lecturer Dr. V. N. Seawell, Villa
cow, X. C.
Assistant Lecturer "W. B. Brick
boue ' , 2 . C.
Chaplain W- S. Mercer, - ,
N. C.
Door-keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens
boro, N. C.
Assistant Door-keeper J as.EVLyon,
Dnrham,N. C.
Sergeant-at-Arms A. D. K. "Wal
lace, Baleigh, N. C:
Trustee Business Agency Fund
W. A. Graham, Machpelah, C. .
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE JfOKTH
CAROLINA. TABilEES STATE ALLIANCE.
J. W. Denmark, Chairman, Baleigh,
X. C.
John Graham, Bidgeway, N. C.
W. B. Fleming, Bidgeway, N. C.
A. F. Hileman, Concord, N. C.
Dr. J. B. Alexander,. Charlotte,
K. C.
- Thomas, D. Oldham, Teer, N. C.
8TATE AIXIAXCE JCDICIABT COMJIITTEr.
Dr. J. E. Person, Pikeville, N. C.
W. S. Barnep, Baleigh, N. C.
T. I vey, Hillsboro, N. C.
CHATHAM COrKTT AIXtAKCE.
President W. W. Edwards, Sim
mon Grove, K. C.
Vice-President B. B. Hargrove,
William's Mills, N. C.
Sscreretary-Treasury -B. B. Line-
berry, Pittsboro, 2. C. -
Chaplain A. M. Self, Hadley,
N. C. .
Lecturer -John W.'Atwater, Bialto,
- n. c '
".assistant Lecturer John P. Dark,
St, Lawrence, N. C.
Door-keeper J. F.Cook,Beaumont,
N. C. '
Assistant Door-keeper J.R. Brown,
Pittsboro, N. C." ' ' ;
Sergeant-at-Arms G. W. TJoore, ,
Pittsboro, N. C.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
! J. T. Paschal, chairman; R. H. Dix
on and J. J. Jenkins, Pittsboro, N. C.
' , '. .?
; THE. POPULIST VIEW.
Old Solon Chase of Maine declares
that the money question i3 now ripe,
and will be settled by the people be
fore any other Issue Is seriously dealt
with. "The free coinage of 'silver,"
eays Solon Chase, "is not all of the
money question by any means, but is
as much as the people are ready for.
The great conservative multitude don't
V. bite off justice in great large junks.
The silver question Is the weak spot in
the bondholders ramparts, and is the
spot where the break must be made.
, After free coinage of silver the logic of
events will mark out the way."-
It takes more than a good temporary
price for wheat to restore good times.
Next year the goldbugs will have. to
go to the arbitrament of the ballot box
confronting 40 cent wheat, for with a
large wheat acreage and yield the geld
standard range of prices will reassert
itself with renewed vigor. What will
the plutocratic press then find to say
to the farmers?
In the .meantime - city worklngmen
are unable to find the whereabouts of
the general prosperity whose presence
la cur midst is advertised by the dally
Percent is hard to get.
Here is an illustration from the Ta
coma Sun: "The Ledger yesterday jjave
nn account cf a Mr. and Mrs. White
who went, from Seattle to Portland in
search ct work. Falling to find any
they had to tramp back to Seattle.
hen it is remembered lhat the Ledger
is lb chief prosperity howler in the
elate it will be easily understood that
it h3 forgotten to lie in this one in
stance." And the following from an Eastern
lator paper tell3 the same tcry:
"Cases cf starvation are becoming so
common that they hardly attract at
tention any more. The once proud
Americans tre linking Into helpless,
hcpe!es3 condition that travelers teil
is ia Italy, Spain and other despotisms,
.lea and rcmen tramp the streets and
Highways cf their native land in a ain
endeavor to find -some one who will
- give them food for thefr labor.. In the
' last week ceverai;gruesome cases ha?e
ecme to light that ought Jo. bring the
blush of shame to any American. How
- long this thing is to be allowed to con
tinue i3 a serious question, but 'there
!s no dcubt that the public is besoming
. restless under it, and that the pent up
Crc3 of indignation are gathering force
and cannot always be smothered. The
people have made enough wealth, but
they are not allowed to consume it. It
is consumed wasted-by those who in
.r,wise aided in its production.. And
i he world moves to'; higher planes by
apparently contradictory methods." 1
i - -
facts WOETH NOTING
PUBLIC OR PRIVATE RAILROAD
OWNERSHIP.
Prlrate Ownership a Tremendous Bar
dea Upon the Backs of tb Peopl
md th Source of Great Political
Corruption,
. Ia 1891, according to Prof. Frank
Parsons, the people paid the railroads,
ta round numbers, $ 1.200,000,000; the
tame or better service would have cost
them only $540,000,000 less.lhan half
if they had owned the reads free
rom debt and under good manage-
menL During the period of transition
ircm private to public ownership, the
yearly cost of the railways to the peo
ple would, of course, be more than
5040,000,000: Upon the plan of pur
chase least favorable to the people, the
expenses of running the; roads undtr
ood public management together with
interests and dividends would be $770,
COO.OOO a year, falling towards $540,000,
000, as the stocks and bonds were paid
off and interest and dividends ceased;
that Is, the savings of the people by
public ownership would run from
$430,000,000 to $660,000,000 a year, ac
cording to th9 plan of purchase adopt
ed.
This would enable the nation to re
duce rates to one-half their present
figures and still' realize a profit Even
a greater reduction then might be
made, lor the lowering of rates would
be followed by a rapid Increase of pa
tronage that would materially Increase
the revenue of the roads. It costs lit
tle more to run full trains than trains
half full. In this fact lies the possi
bility that, under public . ownership,
fares. might be reduced in this country
in a few years, not merely one-half.
but to one-quarter or even one-tenth'
or to one-twentieth of the present
rates, if the benefits of the increased
traffic is given mainly to the passenger
rates.
In 1SS3 the government road3 of
Austro-Hungary reduced fares in many
cases to cnc-half and in some case3 to
one-sixth of former rates, the average
reduction being more than 40 per cent
of the whole system, yet the trade In
creased somuca that the total receipts
wero $432,000 more than the year be
fore. i The cost of carrying a passenger in
the United States Is set down by the
railroads at about 2 cents a mile. This,
however, is clearly too high, even un
der our clumsy and wasteful system.
Dcrsey's "English and American Rail
ways" puts the average cst per mile
at L14 cents In England and 1.2 cents
for the whole United States. The Ger
man railways charge, on an average, a
shade over a cent. a mile, and they
clear over 50 per cent profit cn their
passenger service. The London and
Northwestern company carried passen
gers first-class on trains from London
to Manchester and back at -one-half
cent a mile and made a profit of .200
per cent on the transaction, showing
that the cost was about one-sixth of
a cent a mile. Many of our American
roads tell &caoon tickets at a little
more than one-half a cent a mile. They
would. not do thi3 if they did not know
that one-half a cent more than covers
the cost. The Pennsylvania, Reading
and others sell season tickets at seven-
tenths of a cent a mile. I am sure,
says Prof. Parsons, that these reads
never' figure on less than 50 per cant
profit on their passenger traflic, even
in. their commutation rates. Accord
ing to Dorsey, It costs the Pennsylva
nla and similar roads about one-half
cent to move a passenger one mile,
and in well-settled districts the cast
13 much less. 1
In discussing bribery in legislative
bodies, the Medical World asks: Who
buys legislators? Who buys congress
men? Who buys city ccuncilmen?
One answer will apply to all these
questions. That answer is, powerful
corporations. What are these power
ful corporations? Chiefly our railroad.
express and telegraph companies. It
is well known here in Pennsylvania
that the legislature cf Pennsylvania
is dominated, by the Pennsylvania
railroad. Is it not the same to a
greater or Ies3 degree in every stte?
Do you remember the credit mobilier
fraud of the early 70s? It corrupted
congress almost through and through.
It was a railroad "job." What do the
free passes given to legislators and
judges and congressmen all over the
country mean? We have frequently
spoken of the telegraph franks given
so freely to congressmen. . But that
is only a beginning. Suppose there
were a serious danger of legislation
affecting the principal telegraph com
panies. Their lobby, -with abundant
. funds, would soon te on hand In Wash
ington, and . every available congress
man and senator muiiou -
tamed as special counsel, " ard every
special ecort, both fa:r and unfair
would be made to defeat the proposl
tion, however much the people might
desire it. The same applies to legis
lation concerning express comranle3
Do you not see that the source of
corruption" in our politics, perhaps
nine-tenths, comes from the sources
mentioned? Remove the source and
the stream will dry up. Fortunes are
not made and lost in the postal service.
corruption does not come from the
postal service. The postal service
serves the citizensLof the country more
cheaply, more impartially; and more
faithfully than any ether service we
have. It has no stocks and bonds to be
speculated In on Waii Rtr hf
people have the service. Prompt, faith-
iu acrvjce ai cost is what we want.
ana w e want to put an end to specula
tion and corruption. As snerulatfrm
corruption and bad public service come
"uui. puwic utilities (railroad, tele
graph and exDressl befnf nwn.
operated by private parties, and cheap
an? satisfactory
niption nor speculation result from the
mail service being owned and operated
by the government, is it not a logical
conclusion that the best way to get rid
cf speculation and corruption and to
secure satisfactory and uniform ser
vice from the railroads,, telegraph and
PreS3 la.tn'nlnrn thorn ulen i.no.
government ownership and operation?
In a country town, when a man buyi
a new suit, people guy him for a weel
COINAGE AND BATIO.
SCIENCE OP METALLIC MONEY
IN BRIEF. .
Ik Is Free Coinage That Fixes the trice
et Gold as Well as RlUer Closlae;
Mints Depredates "Bullion but No
the Cola of a Great Country.-
Why 16 to 1? Because that Is the ra
tio of our present silver and gold cdlns'
To increase the ratio would necessi
tate the recolnage of our present silver
dollars Into a less number of dollars.
For instance if the ratio were made
32 to 1 our present four hundred mil
lion silver dollars would be recolned
Into only two hundred million dollars.
If it were proposed to diminish the
ratio and make 8 ounces of silver
equal in value to one; ounce of gold
then our present silver dollars would
be coined into twice as many dollars.
The money power fight the coinage of
silver because It means more money
and therefore cheapef dollars of all
kinds. They would all the more bit
terly fight 8 to 1 because that would
mean a much larger increase In money
volume than 16 to L Besides their
objection to a diminished ratio there
may be another objection, 6ays the
Missouri World. The United States
bonds call for coin of the weight and
fineness at the time of their issue. A
reduction in the weight of the sliver
dollar would probably enable the bond
holder to lawfully refuse to take it.
It has been claimed that even an In
crease in the weight of the silver dol
lar would render it a non-legal tender
for bond parments.
These are the reasons for 16 to 1.
There are no other arguments for
that ratio now. Formerly when
France and some other European na
tions coined silver free the ratio here
should have been fixed with some re
gard to the ratio there. Their ratio
was ttVi to 1 and if they should reopen
their mints to free coinage at that rate.
our mints if reopened at 16 to 1 would
get little to do. for at 15 to 1 sliver
Is worth $1.32 an ounce, while at 16
to 1 it Is worth only $1.29. The mints
of France would pay three cents an
ounce more for silver than the United
States would. That was the case when
the United States and France both had
free coinage, hence there were com
paratively few silver dollars coined in
the United States during that time.
When a great government's mints
offer a price for a limited article like
silver, that price will be substantially
the price the world over. But take all
mint markets away from gold and sll
ver and what their ratio would be no
man can tell. Maybe 50 to 1, maybe 2
to 1. The ratio would be changeable.
It might be 1 to 1 and later 2 to 1,
just like the ratio between corn and
wheat. Not long ago corn and wheat
sold ia this market at about the sam
price per pound the ratio was about
1 to 1, but now it is about 4 to 1
four bushels of corn equal in value to
cne bushel of wheat. If there was no
mint market then the recent gold dis
coveries in. Alaska would make gold
cheaper as compared to silver, but with
a mint market for gold and none for
silver, gold as compared with silver
Is getting dearer every day. A year
ago gold was worth $20.67 per ounce
troy and silver about 70 cents; now
after the Klondike discoveries, gold is
still worth $20.67. while silver has
fallen to 52c. The mints of the United
States are "still paying at the rate of
$20.67 an ounce for gold, hence the
price cannot get below that, whereas
silver with no mint market in any
great commercial nation, continues to
go down, and may go to ten cents an
ounce. If all the. mints 6hould cease
to buy gold, the boys would come
back from Klondike in a hurry, for the
uncoined yellow metal would probably
not be worth more than fifty cents an
ounce, but the coined gold would still
be worth $20.67 per ounce. United
States coined silver Is still worth $1.29
per ounce, though the uncoined goes at
46 cents an ounce. If the Alaska gold
hunters should find the. mountain of
gold which some seem to believe ex-
isits there, the coinage of gold would
be stopped without delay by all the
nations now coining gold, but the gold
coin would still be worth $20.67. We
would see an ounce cf coined gold
wrth $20.67 at all time3 and an ounce
of uncoined gold worth fifty or sixty
cents, with an uncertain and fluctuat
Ing market.
What AT9 Ton Doing?
"What are you doing toward3 Destine
yourself on the affairs of your nation?
Do you u ie a reform uaner? Do vou
read any of the thousands of reform
books now published for your enlieht-
enment? Are you dead to duty and
citizenship? Are you watchlne as well
a3 praying for Detter times? Are von
cure you cast an Intelligent ballot last.
I a 11' Do you. nudoretond fully What
the 2,000,000 Populists teach as the
remedy Cor our hard times? The peo
ole may rule this nation if they are
vigilant and capable. If not, good bye,
to liberty. You are one of the neonl
and one of the partners In preserving
our iiDeruea. uai- are you doing to
defend the priceless liberty that our
forefathers shed their blood to glvecus?
The Referendum.
POINTS FROM THE PRESS. C
Had justice and equality always pre
vailed there would now be no nr5-
sity to assist the unemployed by chcr-
lty. columbu3 Pest.
It would be a terrible thing for the
government (the people) to own the
monopolies, but it Is all right for the
monopolies to own the government
WTiat do you think about it? o
Age.
The cjal 6trlke has been precipitated
by low wages the wage scale is large
ly governed by demand. If prosperity
was upon us, instead of running at a
deer's pace in advar.es of . us, there
would be a demand for coa'l for mills
and factories. Evidently- the coal
strike, despite Messrs. Hanna and
Sherman. 13 the result of the false fi
nancial policy of the government.
Even the stupidly vicious antagonists
of bimetallism will soon open their
eyes to a condition which is sinking
our. country into greater depths of woe
eachday: Grand Junction Sentinel.
I Nearly evefy town in the west hta
J2Ci-Ieg lawyer who never haa to
pay car-fare and can get passes for hi3
family and friends. Why? -Well, yctt i f - t
Just make a cote cf It Ton will find'.,, L lt , . -
these men taking a deep Interest la He TellsThat Knowledge Of tvery-
politics; they pack caucuses and con
ventibns; and every Urn find them on f
Howler.
Should there by ah improvement in
business. It will be caused by an In
crease cf money, breught over to pay
for the surpus products of our country,
the very thing our people said would
Improve conditions. But the Repub
lican editors and politicians claim all
the Improvement for -t themselves and
their party. And , the worst of it is,
their blind dupes believe them. Chi
cago Express. ,. j
w j '
Last fall the Republican press
throughout the land dubbed every free
silver advocate a dishonest "repudla
tionl3t." Kansas and Nebraska makes
the old party liars eat their own words
by paying off their own' debts in full
with the interest agreed to at a speed
that astonishes the . world. As & re
sult, the eastern loan companies are
running over Teach other, trying to
loan to the people of .these two states
their money at rates that would sur
prise an "honest" money Republican
In Indiana, trying to effect a loan on
the same security National Democrat
Whenever a party or a politician is
ready to admit the inability of the peo
ple to name their candidates, they ara
not far from despotism In some form.
-Common Cause. . ,
The mandate of our people was un
questionably to leave things alone, to
leave our currency System In statu
quo. But we -cannot leave It alone.
It is top-heavy and it will not stand
- - . . . L 1 A J
up. Either the top must oe cut ou or
the base broadened. We must .have
contraction at the top .or expansion at
the bottom. Philadelnhia Amerlcm.
Dlck'a 'Dang-Unc Work.
Boss Hanha's man.: Dick, may be re
lieved of the management of the Han
na campaign in Ohio. He has got him
self the ill-will of the Republican mag
nates for having bungled his work in
briblnar certain Ohio Populists. In
stead of using cash, he was thoughtless
'enough to have used checks, and these
disagreeable proofs of- bribery have
trnttpn into the wronsr nand3. Tns
magnates aforesaid expected Dick to
arrange ior me nommauon ct a
straight Populist stale ticket In Ohio,
and for other Populist assistants to
the Republican state and legislative
tickets, especially the latter, but they
didn't expect him to do It so clumsily
as to be caught at lt. As no explan
ation has been or can be put forward
by Dick that will satisfy an Intelli
gent and unprejudiced mind that he
has not been engaged in wholesale
bribery, it is believed in Washington
that Boss Hanna will seek to escape
responsibility for the bribery by pre
tending to rebuke Dick by taking the
management of the campaign out of
his hand3. Dlck'a bribery has greatly
strengthened hopes of defeating Hanna,
-Ex.
Now You're Shouting.
A 6hort time since a gold syndicate
organ of New York printed a glowing
article on the effect that mortgages
have been paid off the past eighteen
months in the state of Nebraska to the
amount of $30,000,000. This fake was
taken up by Republican papers all
along the line and reproduced for
misleading the people. Now the fact
Is that not only one twentieth of this
sum has been actually paid off In cash.
The large majority of the transactions
are simply renewals, but many of the
mortgages were paid off by the debt
ors land being sold on foreclosure to
pay the debt. Furthermore, many
of these debtors who have been sold
out have lost all and are in debt In
many cases the lenders foreclosed their
mortgages, took the debtor's
lands, and still hold frem 50 to 75
per cent of the debts against the people
who borrowed Clinton County Demo
crat.
Some l'eople Don't Understand.
Some people do not understand tha
the men who favor the free coinage of
silver are also just as much in favor of
ihe free coinage of gold as they who
style themselves exclusively gold
men.
People prior to 1873 could take elth--r
their gold or silver to the U. S. mints
ind have lt made Into, dollars. Now
hey can take only their gold. - The
tonsequence' is that there are fewer
dollars being madeT and whenever any
cdy wants one he must give more for
It than he used to. Men who have
Theat, cotton, dry. goods, real estate,
'ator cr anything else must give much
mere of them than right to buy a dol
'?.x when they want one. To the prop
erty of those people who own money
this increase In the value of the dollar
aracunts to an absolute confiscation.
Ex. .. ' i '
The money power cannot hypnotise
the people with their tales of a pros
perity which the people know reach3
only as far as the bank accounts of the
plutocrats. -
Another British novelist has teen tt
duced into coming over here by the
prospect of making a few more Ameri
can dollars. This time it is the retlrins
and modest author of the "Zenda"
stories. Lovers of the romantic have
enjoyed the lively work of Mr. Haw
kins, but It Is doubtful If they will care
at this day to hear lt read by .the au
thor. Dickens first set the fashion of
authors reading their work to audi
ences, and he was followed by Thack
eray and many others. Eut both Dick
ens and Thackeray were something of
public entertainers, the former espe
cially so. The breadth and human In
terest of his writings, too, helped to
make bis readings a success. Ian Mac
laren called forth a lively Interest be
cause be was, besides being a popular
writer, a noted philosopher. Mr. Haw
kins Is none of these things. He Is not
even a public speaker, and has not yet
attempted to test his powers in that di
rection. It is hardly likely that be will
add to bis popularity by this American
trip, although, of course his admirers
over here will bo glad to see blm.
The discovery of c new and ver? pot
aonous moth naturally happened li
Massachusetts. That State makei
heavy appropriations for killing bugs
IP TALKS 10 1
thing is Essentials
He
ALSO ADVISES OBSERVATION
Inform thm Whit Trees Are uest
for Uses to Which They Are Tut.
1
Other Good Advice.
Here is a letter for the boys. .
I believe that even an imperfect
knowledge of many callincs renders a
I
man harpier than perfection m any one
ml rnmrnr!ir innrincfl Ol Oil ine I
rest Great scientists,
inventors seem to be
world's progress and
kind, but their work is generally
expense of their health and happiness.
Sir Isaac- Newton in his last days ex
claimed with a sigh, "I have made a
slave of my sell" His great mind was
aIwavm nn a utrairt in one direction. It
is said of him that he had a bole cut In
the low er part of the door for his favor
ite cat to jnter uid exit, and wuen sne
had a pair of kitten he had two smaller
holes cut lor them,
the body. It must
. m . nt 7 J i
The mind is like
have a variety of
food. It is like the muscles in the arms
or less. If onlv one set are used the
others become weak and will gradually
peruh away.
ediudee. aman of fine iudicial mind
and literarv attainments, but who ac
knowledged his very limited knowledge
of nature and nature's laws. ' I hardly
know one tree from another, 6aid be,
"excepting, of course, the chestnut,
hickorv nut and walnut Yes. of course,
I know the cine and the oak. Indeed
I have never had any occasion to know
more for I was raised in town and
books have absorbed me."
I was ruminating about this because
our little cirl's mother is teaching her
to draw and to paint, and I asked her
to draw me a chestnut tree, an oak tree
and a manle tree. She is working on
them now and has to go out and look
at them and examine the bark on the
trunk, and the shape of the limbs and
the leaves. I wonder how many boys
and girls can draw a hickory leaf with
out looking at one. I should like to
see their specimens. Thousands of boys,
especially country boys, know all the
common trees of their neighborhood
but itreauires close and careful obser
vation to describe them and point out
the difference. Now there are ten dif
frent kinds of oaks
in this country.
but very few town raised people can
name half of them. Then there are dif
ferent kinds of hickories and pines and
ash and elm trees, besides the hack
berry, box elder, poplar, beech, locust
and oottonwood. Eueene Le Hardy
was a very learned and scientific
Frenchman, but thought that American
cotton grew on the cottonwcod trees
and that we gathered it by us ins lad
ders. It is said that a Mr. Jackson, of
Atlenta, is trying to introduce the lat
ter kind now and has got the trees up
to fourteen feet hizh.
The study of the .trees and shrubs of
this southern country is a delightful
and instructive recreation for young
people, and I wish they would ray
more attention to it. Of course this
study requires some knowledge of bot
any, but that is easily, acquired. This
kiDd of knowledge is more useful and
more comforting than a college smat
tering of calculus and conio sections
and rhetoric and logic I do not be
ueve thero are ten men in Bartow
county who would know ginseng if they
were to see it. Isot many more know
what is father graybeard or white ash,
the medicinal shrub from which old A.
Q. Simmons first made the original
Simmons liver medicine in Gwinnett
county. I know about that, for when
I was a young merchant I sold the first
he ever made and continued to 6ell it
for him for several years and he told
me what it was made of. I think.
though, thnt the father graybeard gave
out about the time the old man died.
I wish that our young people would
acquire habits of observing things more
closely as they journey along through
life. Some people see everything and
some see nothing hardly. W hen should
trees be cut down that are wanted for
wood? What kind of wood is the
strongest and will bear the greatest
burden? What kind is the most elastic?
What kind the hardest to split? What
kitid will last the longest in the ground?
What kind most suitable for pianos,
chairs, furniture or wainscoting? What
kind for mauls or wedges or canes? Dr.
Oliver Holmes must have studied all
about these when he wrote the "One
HossShay."
"80 the deacon inquired of the village folk
Where he could flod the strongest oak
That couldn't be eplit nor bent nor broke;
That was for spoken and flocr and fill?;
He sent for lance wood to make the t bills:
The crossbars wero ash from rtraightest
tree?;
The tnela were
cheese.
white wood that cuts like
And nubs of
elm."
logs from the settler's
But perhaps Dr. Holmes got it all
from some old honest wagon maker,
for they know. 111 bet that Mr. Brad
ley, of our town, can answer every
question. The boys ought to find out
that black locust and chestnut and
osage orange make the best posts, and
black cum the best hubs, and persim
mon the best wedges or gluts, and sas
safras the best bows, and white oak
tho best baskets. In Enkland it is
claimed that a yew tree post rill last
longer than an iron one. The boys
ought to know that the barks of all
trees are nonconductors of heat and
cold and keep them cool in summer
and warm in winter, and the green
leaves are the lungs that inhale the car
bon from the air and not olr make
wood for the tree, but purify the at
mosphere that we breathe. And hence
every habitation ought to have aome
trees abont it. The boy ought to'
know about those beautiful inlands in
the sea that are of coral formation and
kept growing until they got above
the water and then come co
roanuts came float in 1? along and
lodged there ai.d sprouted and
gTew and the leaves of tho trees fell
down and rotted and made a soil for
more coco an ut a, and in course of time
the island became a paradise. That is
the testimony of the rocks. The boyt
rhould watch the little gassomer ball
that floats awar in the air from the
sweet little dandelion plant 80 light
and ao feathery that it would take a
thousand of them to weigh an ounce
and yet the seed are there for more
plants and they are wrapped, as it
were, in a blanket to protect them from
the win teT'e cold.- So it is with' the
seed of the Scotch thistle that is blown
about by ft breath of air like it .was
nothing, but it has the germ, the
embryo of life in it, and will find a
lodtring place somewhere and sleep
until sprincr. and then, make no mis
take. It-will net come ur a dandelion,
bat will surely make a thistle. In the
horticultural gardens at "London axe
MS
-
raspberry piuv---- omh who
Found in a raa2 "omBtl
been buried , wj vn CQ lonffi -
bovs
)V' a l-iAr men. Tindontwby
i
u.it.. .mi Tiftomer utu- . - i
Ui, that". 34jW.Vig-SU:
live one ana ?y in the '
buzrard can " a""vlt I Z nor
.ir Above vou and never bat a wid0
sail rounu ,
re a feather - v. . Ren
2H ."Jl w"h" .bm. Franklin I
ri man. " c 0 uyj
Of
r..t man I -txie
rri.
yotingesi
rntPen children. - apprenticed
to
print-
candle maier. ex -
. s. m
Phila
er: ran away uum - ,
de Phia wheseventeen rear, old and
tii . Mr. Read. and. fell in love
-av f mm I5Q5VUU w
Will Ju C lAl UU e. - 1
read and studied in every leisure
with Deborah, his .aauguier,
Italian,
moment: mastered xtcutu,
Spanish and Latin; became postmaster
Society and th.yraiiw
nine down from heaven with a kite ana
astrinsandakey. . . . ,
van in. uuu kj n ----
What a man he wasi .wua uujr
U1U ATP in awuivv"iivv
. mTT cnilf(T
T H K OADDAIH OU11UUU
INTERNATIONAL LESSON COMMENTS
FOR OCTOBER 17. .
teon Tett "Fui Before the Eonin
CoernorV AeU mIt., 10-25 Golden
Text! XtelAli all. 10--Coimentry on
f. lenoU by Iter. D. M Ptenrni.
' a ... I w. i 1 T7nll
the governor, and is permitted to e peak for
nimseii ia uv preseaco vi avvuacii-, io
high priest and others who have come from
Jerusalem to condemn him (verae 1); Tay
accused him of many things, but ail tueir
accusations were falo verse 5-3). and
thus he hud Increased fellowship with his
Lord in that they spoke raischieTOus things
of mm, imagined deceits nna lata 10 nis
charge things he knew not of (Vs. xzxvlit..
12; ixlx, 4). Ail manner or lenowsaip wna
Ood and with Christ should be prized by us
asa gift as much as to believe on Ilim
(Phil. 1., 29).
11-13. Taul with few words sweeps away
all their accusations as utterly untrue and
without foundation. He knew that GOi.
was with him, and he had no fear. He
could calmly face all his accusers, and the
devil himself, their captain. He knew in
his soul that there were more with him than
with them (II Kings vl.. IS) and could say:
"Tbonghmysoul Is among Hons, men whose
teeth are spears and arrows, and their
tongue a sharp sword, be Thou exalted, O
God. Mv heart is fixed. I will siag and
lTe praise" (Ps. Ml., 1-7V
14. Her he begins to state the real cause
Of their anger against hJie. Ho believel
all things written in the law and In the
Erophets, and that made him a very trou
lesome fellow to these religious people,
who did not believe Ood. A minister ia
Chicago said the other day that these peo
ple calling themselves Bible students were
Tery troublesome, and certainly they must
be to such ministers as prefer their own
ease, with lots of cricket and" lawn tennis
and hunting and Ashing, rather than Bible
study and real wore for God.
15. "There shall be a resurrection of the
dead both of the jast and of the unjust."
This was and is even to this day a trouble
some dwtrlao-. to many, though plainly
taught even ia the cherubim story of Gen.
III... and very clearly et forth In Dan. xii
1-3. Not that Just and unjust shall rise at
the same time, for Ber. xx.. 5. 6. says that
a thousand years Shall intervene, and to
this thero Is no contradiction in all Scrip
ture, for the hour of John v., 23, will cover
the thousand years as easily as the hoar of
John v.. 25, has already covered over 1800
years. Our Lord Jesus made a very eTi
dent distinction between the two resurrec
tlons when He told a certain one of rewards
at the resurrection of the just (Luke
xir., ii).
16. The blessed hope of the return of
Christ, tha resurrection ct the righteous
ana tnetr rewards tor service at ills com
ing for His saints 1$ that which purifies us
from the defllementi and the entanglements
01 tuts present evil world and makes us la
bortobe ever acceptable to Him. Every
believer is accepted in Him. (Eph, 1., 6), and
that stands unchanged, but because of this
we seek to be acceptable to Him in all
things, and trust Him to work in us those
things which are well pleasing in His sight
(iieo. xin.,
17-13. Here is a true and orlef statement
-of the case as to why he was in Jerusalem
and wny in the temple when they found
mm there, and who his accusers ought to
have been. If any. The secret of the whole
trouble was "that which Paul well under
stood, for he himself was once heartily one
witn me nign priest ana eiaerj in their
hatred of Jesus and tho story of His resur
rection from the dead. It Jesus of Xaza
reth was really Israel's Messiah, then the
Nation was guilty of crucifying their King-,
and that they would not submit to. Paul
had actually seen Him, and knew that It
was even so, and that the crucified Christ
was really risen from the dead and was at
the right hand of God, Israel's true and
only Messiah, Son of. David, Son of Abra-
naru.
20, 21. "Touching the resurrection of the
dead I am called in question by you this
day." It was that which set the council id
an uproar (xxiii., , 7), and they knew it.
It was the resurrection from the dead which
with power declared Him to be the8on of
God (Bom. t., 4). and the full import of the
great ract 11 nnely set forth in I Cor. xv.
I here is no gospel, no salvation, no forzive
ness of sins, no use In preaching, no ground
ior hud, no sense in Daptism or any ordi
nance of the church if Christ be not risen.
ills life and death were all In vain if He be
not risen. Bat He is risen, and that secures
everything for all who are His or are will
ing to become His bv faith in Him.
. evmeauy saw more cieany into
the whole business than the high priest and
Mat-s wUhnrl that rv.V, .n4K
22. Felix evidently saw more clearly into
elders wished that he might, and the man
who could now srive the most imoortant
testimony, next In order, was the chief cap-
tain who tad t-riv rAnA Mm frm
infuriate! Jews." There was. therefore.
nothing further to be 1 done till Lvsias
should ccone. The waiting times tor the
people pi God when the work seems hin
dered by the indifference or ODen oddoiI-
tion of the enemies of Ood is one of the
mysteries, it would seem from verse 27
that Paul was a prisoner at Ca?sarea for
two years. Mlcht all this hare ben utul
if be had not insisted upon going to Jeru-
iem jusi ai inai time? Anyway, to rest
in the Lord and wait patiently for Him is
J. raui is a kind of free- prisoner. He
la under guard, but at liberty to see all
who come to him. So Jt was also on the
way loisomeand at Home (xxTii.,S; xxviil.,
16;, and Taui doubtlosa made the bett pos
sible USe Of his liberty fof the frrr f ClrA
and to magnify the Lord Jesus, for that
was the whole aim of him llf nH th. nA
of all bin teaching (GalMU 20; Phil. L, 20.
eiea one as. Can l tav trnl
xerme to live is Christ t' "I lire vet not
I. but Christ 11 veth In mV? -Christ shaU
K 1. . 1 .. u-...
!4. Hnw trA T.1 v. .vi-
- .- a u u . n auiu i in f 1 1 in i nn.
and especlallr to a Jwm fnrnn. Af ki.
mottoea was. "To the Jew flrf fvtnm 1
16). He did not need time ta thinV Ant rr
prepare his discourse, for he was full of it.
--"--. v. ,uiiB., uu aiways ready ior
!Sni.?L0pp?r?.,ID-lty- ETerT Treacher
S ?rLTi?ttpanoitTJ0.,Ieak u horded
hL,U fnl?,? I'i9 Pt."l
25. "He reasoned of righteouineis tern
peranee and judgment to come." TVe mav
imagine without difflculty, from his epis-
tlK. rT What ll. V a I
whence he would get his argument. He
tlW15VeOIied out of the Scriptures (Aets
7. ?'.Ani ?T!.I words which
w tmab, jaucs lie wnnm v-o 1 am .
T"" " iracjein (i cor., ii., 4). On
SifJLt???.116 WOQ,l crtliJy show its
. . """ cenainiy snow Its
SrMtJlftbKttn?Jn,l,ha5 11 nor can-get it
XnlV&J?1" G baa provided it
iQ"y aPiff -5 fr.yTo 'whoso
A man Is known by the company he
"cri? autt a womaa hj her relatives.
- vt eama iroia
. POPULAR SCIENCE.
VeV Fsm 41 a e
M minutes. audi- lSrt tJi
Tr-f. n trnrn . , t
water cases irom
Horde, Germany,
engines, which will drive ZIZJ
, ,f a n "'Ji to?
ight and power.
If all the coal fields
cn the,
were burning at once in a vast firM?
heat emitted could not be comca.',,?
that of the sun for even a .SSSj
K By thermo-electric methods Pr
man, Lawrence and Barr have f on i
that copper melts at 1095
centime, silver at 970
platinum at hoj degree?, tul w
nam at C60 decrees.
A man weighing two hundred
would weigh nearly three toas o
Btin, and his own weight would ro
tha earth.-
1 n. . . .
1 nat tne etnsr is a very atteamM
form of matter as 13 generally u
uevea, .is aeniea uy rroiessor rw1
1 Dear, avians ma w eu-Knoxra tn ;
ei lies ui mauw, ia uunmnea in o.
tity and.homogeneous, doe not abs.YrC
t l : . i . i t . 13
UCJ.l " "Ub " 01 eaerrr.
and receives wave vibrations aai
la - V 'il i 1
livers them without loss.
About 4203 plants are nowcollecte
In Europe for
commercial Tmrrn
42C of them being sought for their
iumet Auere ore gathered 112(
species of white flower?, 951 of yel.
low, 823 ol red, 594 of blue, and 30j
of violet; and 187 of the tvhite Coven
have pleasing od6rs, 77 of theyelloT'
84 of the red, 3i of tne blue aail3e
the violet.
An" interesting if not sisraifid-i'
coincidence has been pointed oatta
Mr. A. Gosling, British Minister ia
Central America. Tho volcano of
Izalco, in the. Bepublio of Sahaiot
nas oeen in acuve eruption ior overt
century, but suddenly ceased to be u
near the middle of last December:
This was followed on December 17 bj
the very unusual occurrence of serenl
earthquake shocks in England.
A report of tho forest conservator
of West Australia shows that timber ii
abundant. Nearly all Australia
woods, however, are more remarkibli
for durability than ease of working,
the kauri pine of New Zealand beitj
the only wood of Australasia compara
ble with the pine and nr timber o
Europe and JSorth America. The
principal South Australian timber it
the jarrah, of which the colony fcu
about 8,000-OOD acres.
A magnified phonograph record r
exhibited by Professor rKendrick
during a recsnt address to the Edia
burgh Royal Society. The vibratioa
occurring m half a second were tpreii
over a length of twenty feet, and
showed that every word 13 a collectioa
of musical or other Eounds-running
rapidly into each other, theraosiol
sounds of the vowels preaominafctg.'
'Constantinople shows seven haa
dred to nine hundred'vibrations. Kft
word can be read from the curTes, 14I
two .tracings of the same word vcall
rarely, if ever, be alike.
Teterhof.
Telei-hof, where the Emperor ail
Empress of Russia are to receive the
German Emperor and Empress, ui
also President Taure, has been t!
favorite summer residence of tie iny
perial court ever since the reign il
Peter the Great. The vast pane
built of granite and marble, paintti
in red and white, with a gorgeous iron
roof and many gilded domes, stana
on ar cliff overlookiug the Galf of Fa-
land. The rooms are. samptuowj
decorated and furnished ia the itji
of the last century, and the palace 11
crammed with pictures,tapestryfchiM,
malachite, bibeloterie, and curio c
all kinds, including many historic'
relics. . The red room contains nearly
400 portraits of beautiful women
all parts of Eussia, this coiiesioa
having been made by Count hon
for Catherine II. 1
The gardens are the great featari
at Peterhof with terraces siopwa
nway to the sea, ana every cuuw -
ble description of fountains, oww
temples, columns, Palladian bridges,
and toy mills. The "Samson" Ion
tain represents him opening we wy
frnm wbirb pcouts a jet ttV'J
ninety feet in height. There ar ca
nals and waterfalls without end, in
cluding the golden cascade, '
flows down an immense flight of iteji
which are richly gilded. There are
magnificent views from the terracj
outside the palace, commanding M
f!ronta1t and fit. Petersburg. I"
park, which is well wooded, .coattfj
large number 01 imperi
I 7 . . ,r i " TlerifiiUHi
tages," including Marly,
I . Ol-. . T.1.. tV,a Farm. T
I the Btraw Palace, the Farm,
I u: - r..ni..M'. ,! Alexander,
;rVo fV'f retreat of &
which is the favorite retreat w
bigon,
present Czar, from which there v
lovely rrostect over the south oi x
land. London World
Bolivia Bids For ImrnlrM"'
iv, a PfciittdelDhia .
t -ji i-r : Utest
n trip a to BOW 7
inducements to immigrant,
i 1 - ivin from
it
special reierence xo iuu
United States. It seems to fffZji
opportunities for men of ability
enterprise, and, as the country ijJJ
and its development still in its tafgV
there is room for, perhaps, the .
01 - me surplus popuin . . j
- il. 1 nn WUlCi T: .
11 so oimcuit to maxe a -
conntrr. lint the unueu o-
I v i -ix t rUs t J"
1X3 tttrf7 to "d T'l
1 . . ITT- rT
I 1
I r l M T i u nn Km 1 1 ! I .ii . -
WJV
grate, are tne very oueo 7-
neeaea at nome, wjmt jj
no mind to go where they mas'-
for a living. Still, if men mo-.
der, it is better for them ta
mild climate like that of Boh
to brave the rigors of the Arctiertf
- I Ia earch of gold-
Binderpesfbeing a cattle
Dr. Koch has found out .
not atUck birds. He tried to (
late hens, pigeons, guinea w
I jko"--- " -,rr vur
crane, an eagle and a f.cretI7bBt i1
with the bacillus of the disease, W
with the bacillus of the oi.
did not affect them. He ijbbitf
unsuccessful with dogs, mice.
and guinea pigs, but it is not ia tfl
the disease - may not oe .
catUe bj any of theee aniaafl.