; i
ti- !
. I
-'! 4!
, i ;
i- i
hi
. t:
"THE LIBERTY OF THE PURS S THE SHIELD OF FREEDOM THE SCOURGE OF TYRANTS"
HUB, IL.t-.UUI1'' ialJ.)JUl'4ta.U!JUB-lU,Hj
BY CHARLES
RALE, CM, A C. JST.TK 4- 1833-
r S f
39
spies m'mirm
Sljc eon.otituttonaUot
published every Tce.,wat maniinjr, at Three Pol
lers per annum, out half payable in advance, r TAr
ZU'::r onrf ty it not paid until the termination
of the year.
fememserted at 50 cents per square, for the
first insertion, and 25 cents for every subsequent one.
All letters addressed to the En.roa on husmers con
reccd with the establishment, must be jw5 ,.7,
or thev will not be turnout ..ftfieofiice. j
The SUvtesvkuvk.
Tt-:n t,, r,.-.M:vhe.l twice a week in the City of Ualelffh,
A 11 ill 121' VIEW OK THE AD MIN ISTilATION-OF AN
DilEM- JACKS'JX.
II. Internal J fairs.
After this view ol the. results of the adminis
'ration of Andrew Jackson in the fore
turns of the united btates, we propose now to
take a simitar one of his conduct of the inter
nal affairs of the country which are of general
ant' permanent interest. In this field of his du
ties, also, his unflagging public spirit has been
from the efforts of the late administration a
consequence not less to be regretted. We al
lude to the alarming extent to winch the relation
between the Federal Government and the State
of Georgia were involved bv them: and which.
I ir . " j ' is wel1 now" excited great solicitude al
ign re la- lmne a,uj encouraged hopes abroad, with regard
to tne stah lity of our institutions. It is not our
intention to examine here the merits of this con
troversy, nor the causes which led to the failure
of the measures of the administrati.m in further
ance of lh laudable obievts which governed its
i-.i . "... .t ... i. . . u . t
""""V. 7-"' ' "7- Scoursein relation to the Indian.. Tiuar indrs
.attributable to the hope which they titer
Ll " C ' f " ' V"'-"lpositior to remove was doubtless in a great de
V; . on'mou n. wsnaper f-.m u, a buper Uuv:d Sheet, V: r.T. .,,!...! L JS.. :T . 'WaU.rWutals! tlie PC which they taer
vhh -oodtvpe, at fourd.Hurs pervear to 11 who pay1:" uc ,t,v" utc unulu,n,U11 uhed ofbeing permitted to occupy their lands
vitiiin s?s montns trom ineiimc 01 recen ir.r uie nrij '' 1 " v... ... - " ' tL wnnuyt ueing sulMec
Prairie, -Potawatamie:, :if Indiana. 'P t .v vf fa( aCi( u , ;,a, .j, nT;z. c Ci; t(j hy .
tamies oMh. V abash -Shawaes and I) la - jt.rviog themes U1V...1 1, r.,tice oftiie.r ivho
ware, Ivrsskaskias ami Peonas, Piar'.kesha-. citizens.
ana . eas, tvicKapoo?, Sacs and luxe?t j
App-uachieolas, V I'tnebaos, Cluckasaws-
-Senecas and Shawnees, t)t-
number, or five dollars to a!l who pay akerwards.
!l.l't to ta I ii.il: ..' fi. K.H,1.
(he quaht.es or the prac ical statesman. withia whicil-1, si,u.hl(. n wh;,;,
. . : 7 f . , As iu tic lormer, so in tins branch o uie sub- is kr,own to, encoura ! .nd kept alive
rrp.r.iEF.R, m fixin- bis permanent residence al i.Vrt it .viM je inrn,.s b e. w thin the mils we I K , ... . iv: V, ' .
i: li ti in ii.c -ii. i . k . -
doV.iesof the Statesman, (in which he uVd be:''"". I' c 1 " - ........ , oy ,u.(St, vu,,vs , i)Um.hl,ty u,. pnMp,e( bv sell-
bv several irenUemtn of talent and leisure,) '.a"uVu v'Ui in'"1,Mli,UM uu ish a'ld Sinister motives, nrivat.. and .vvlilie;J
Tae extent 1 whic!) 1 he nren-isterous imrioij
i
JI en onto n ies,-
tawas.
It will appear from an examination of their
provisions and the location and importance of the-.
1 fibes, thaf the changes thus euected, con
stitute, with but few exceptions, all chat are
desirib'.e.
Ahhooh part f the CJerokecs, aboui. d.OOO
in number, have as yet refused to fid low the ex
ample of Their brethren, theie is bat little reason
to doubt the success of the negotiation in pro
gress with them, if the. subject can be kept free
from the influence of Those political considera
t ;us wliichhave heretofore caused the Tribe to
IllCJl Comm.'ncpd that rae f :r n,-..n!:r.f e. hr
means of magmlksnt schemes -fo- t;u iiriprove-
rr
5
merit ot the already flourish! nir. coodinoii of
our country, which were prea':ib:t! to the rmpu
Uli
ar con ni ry, wnun were prea'ni :t! io tue rmpu
ar gaze -in tV impos;: g lorms "f -Internal
-iiprovenumi. i nr'i pr.j.-cTv. . fariiir--a
Unitet! States liank; all beinj: Uu bia.-. br of
an all comptehensixe -Amhicax System, '
tii splend ji-of whicii, it wal u.i a Iste: pevi.d
ttt'mp:ed to increase by taking u-.tfer out pro
tection .and special par-o'tage the ii3v!v iab
lished govennents cf SuJth America, ti.at we
might thereby be made to nresef.T to ar
admi
ring world a cordon of Republics in ch.se po
litical connexion with the United Staies, as a
counterpoise to 'the power coucetrated in t!ie
::,sclf to the wishes ofniaiiv of his friends, wiio, measures which aitc-ct the general interests ol
Uie.e is :-')o;ti even in italeigii fur a paper of this1, (he country: those of a less prominent nature,
. alihouirh perhaps not less valuable as umstra-
m 1 11
';'.vn. u c smui see
.... ... n - 1 . . .1. . - C
Tre state-nan w.u vrousn support u.e nnu ui )f ,)e cjuu.;tc!cr uf t!ic adunustration, niut
oil . iiou hi. uiv. .. nit- viiu iiiv -,"- -
s, (as embodied in the Federal Government by
, :be left to the recollecliou aiul judgment of the
the (U.ns'itution,) as the bet and surest guarantee of; people, guided by such lights as accompamed
the Uniii a "itself, and cf the continuance of that pro-! riir publication and gained for them, at the
lectio . to life, liberty and property, which it has afford- r;lllc 0f tK.jr occurrence, a suliicientiy geueral
e.l to the States for the last haif century, in their career i -probation
of greatness and p.-osperity altog-ether without a ,,aral- ' 1 ' ' T ,- r 1 f'
LI m the liistory ol the world. As it win have co.r.e m
only at the death of those distracting topics which lute-h-a
Stated the countrv, it will claim no share of the
Indian Relations
In this division of th- .hj m-!, we shall fi sf
consider the state of ou;- relafio is with tiii; v;-
''rill:i-j'
i.;t"
r.poils Peace to their aslies! But the Statesman's jDiA!;S and the meusj-es atl oted to iioprove
?h--o. Amoii"; the tl vers li -.l and inte; estinir
subjects entrusted to tne Executive, t'l.ire is
scarcely one of greater importance, or which un
r,veented greater diflicultie than this. Woat
ever may, from time to time, have bien said bv
fault-P.nders home, or by those abroad wn
envy the rising greatness and rliaracter of oui
Iiepab'ic. t? is not the less true that the conduct
shall be North Carolina our own loved,
our native ian-i. The improvement of her institutions,
thi prosperity a.. 1 happiness of her people, tha asser
tion of her just rishts and the due and proper honor ot
the talents and virtue of her sons shall be its principal
concern.
Although she was the first cf her sisters to snuff ty
ranny in the breeze and dured to be free and ever
since her Mcclenburg" Declaration of Independence,
ar;d on every emerge iilt, whether threatened by f.r-
cin oruomestic dangers, she has met every crisis as be
tof every administration of the jrovern nnmt, from'
came a patriotic and brave people; and even hesitated jits establishment to the oresent d:lV,hlS been in
to give her own daughter, Tennessee, to add ano-j v;u.:auiy influenced in relation to'Iridia!' Ailhirs,
tiler star to tne proud banner oi the Republic, and an-1 ;w, s " . i ... i i i c i
.t,,, . ,, K- , , e n i, i '' the most humane and benevolent ieeluv
other r.rm to the national detciice. And aithourb pos- . . . -
wssing a territi.vv, soil, climate, nopuiation and wealth, '-wards that untortunate race. Kv.-ry thing
and vith mtell.gtnce and mural worth, v. Inch entitle ' ' proin.sea to improv neir condition r to 1
-Vr 1 1 ra
it is, she
ik among the first cf licr bisters, vet Strang
s almost unnoted by them, nd by One Feder
al Government aio, except to make her pay taxes in
':? : ana ttTixt lor tueni m war; uer citizens scarcciv
. .'.I cipating at all in the honors and emoluments of
iL own Government! But who says Xorth Carolina,
s.V;-p-.? They will find her wide awake to her rights,
sua "i sieved to inamtLiiu them; tiicy sliau t.he statesman
ciVhiiiiig f : her her rateable portion of the public
wt-..l;li-...,d f.r lu-r sons, a fai participation, in the
).i..:.c
tlc:i:.!.
'flie
f the country and refusing to take a
.man will search for hidden mischief and
aUW'd t'Cihe.-s for the injustice which our aov"es-
t rs, tidlowin in tl-,e footsteps of civilized man
towards the abioigines in every quarter of the
globe, had do'ie them, has, v.iiii honest and
unremitting zeal, been attempted. These effhrts
bave not, however, been attended with the suc
cess which they deserved. 1 hey have on the
contrary, done but little beyond demonstrating
the futility of all attempts to reclaim the red
man. from his savage state, by introducing him
into one common society wit a the whites. I)
.t slate c-i Jimifs. bometliiiiir must be wrosie.
:-.tide a.! the rest, why is it tn.t with all our ie
the public expenditure exceed the income a
..t..le'.;i thousand dollars a year? The people
V.r.:Vr ihe.se a:ul the certain bankruptcy which is
r-tate ( h) xi'ii uieut in the lace, if as prob-,
at i-dicai fimit is in the present butis of npnst fi-
tbc :::att'-ma:i will contend that it should be j
c.i.u;:v A aiu. .naue enual and satiul:ict.-rv to aiir it in
w.i z:s!ntlu;, we say diininiih the mimUr of llopresen-;
htl.es aiukhave only bienial meetings, and by a change
j. pina:y, immolate our unwise tends on the alt-r oi
good, and. present to the Union and the world,
.i nr.ud and ajfidionate people. The Statesman, too '
advocate genera! Education, andu judicious svs
'Of.f Hanking, commeasurate with the wants of our
ii-.tple; nor will it forget to urge the speedy approxima-
at ol .t.r institutions which has produced the such a condition it became obvious that the In
dians were doomed to a gradual but certain
"XtsficUon.
Although, therefore, the course pursued hy
the Government was dictated bv feelings ui
humanity, all reflecting men perceived that v
was nor adapted to their ci:aructer. Besides
rendering their condition more and -more afTiic-
!tng, it had served to excite domestic discontent
prevailed, that the difjfereat India:: Tribes were
to b' regarded as political communities withi :
the Slates, possessing sovereign aut.hority and
independent of the State and Federal Govern
ment, is most extraordinary; and will, iu a few
years, stnke every one as altogether incred
ible. Even assuming that the engagements from
time to time entered into by the. Government
wit!! t;.e Indian tribes tatid upon the same foot
ing as treaties between independent nations, and
tint the language employed in some of the stip
ulations implies this relation, the claim to sov
erin authority on the part uf rhe Indians was
nor the less untenable, situated a they were.
N rule ia the law of nations is belter estab
nswed than that which allows a nation that has
entered into a treaty uith another, the stipula
tions of which, from moral or physical causes.
cannot be executed without distruction to its
wad -re, to release itself from such as produce
effects so rcnious, or to modify them so as to
make them consistent with its paramount duty
to itself. The rule is but the extension to com
munities of the right of self preservation which
belongs to individuals. Tested by it, it ts obvi
ous, from the iiltcr i;.i-praclicabUi! y of the ex
istence of the various Indian tribes as independ
ent communities within limits of the States,
that the United Srates were bound to resist such
a claim, even if it had (he sanction of a treatv.
But it is notbelived that such is the fiotii!- on
whic'i the relations between the United States
and r'ie Indians were even designed t be pla
ced, or whicil the language employed in iiieir
various intercourse since the revolutionary war
would countenance, if correctly interpreted.
A'tlmugh the attempt- of the. Indians within
the States of A'abama ami Georgia to assert this
claim, were met by Mr. Adams and his Cabinet
with a just sense of its impracticability, yet the
annunciation of their views did not produce its
abandonment. Io hr-yt tlw.arul to carry the
ettled policy ot the government into succe
practice, ir was tuvuus luaf more exj
m-m. I
lor, counter to its own true l merest. 1 he -Congress of Vienna; with other schemes of
o fliers which have been made to them are of the. Uhe same nature.
mot. liberal kind j In tl;e nosecution of that which is the imtne-
In these transaction? the President has aimed jdiate subject of remark, the first inprtant steij
tdy at the accomplishment of the same objec's followed upon the heels of the 'B.t'tk of tho
that engaged tne attention of b.-.s preilecessors.
and he has used oulv the same means whic!;
they contemplated. These have all been within
the limits of just and voluntary compacts with
the Indians themselves. In the various Treaties
that he has made with them,-antl which -have
received !he sanction of the Senate, no imputa
tion, of inadequacy of compensation, nor of
coercion or undue advantage of any sort, have
ever been made, and there does not apj-ear to
have been the slightest cause for anv. If any
ground of complaint caa be susposed to exist,
it must result from the belief that the provisions
m favor .f t'le Indians have been too" liberal.
Ia this case, as in every other in' which he has
been called to act, t'ae principaLdifiit u!ty was
at once singled out, and met with that fearless
ness in assuming responsibility ar.d the lirmne?
,ot purpose which have so steadily shone in' hi;cilttate, promote, and secure such commerce,
life; and he infused'into every measttre""neces- j without a latitude of construction Mepartirji
ary to toe success ot tiio poucy, tnat energy
and unremitting activity, which knows no rest
tin the work is done, ar il w;::co is the secret
United States, which, itself the .crea'-ire- of
constitutional encroachment, has always been the
precursor cf others. It received the form of
an act which set apart and pledged funds "for
constructing roads and canals and improving .
the navigation of water courses, in order to
facilitate, promote and give security to internal
commerce among he several Stiles, and. to
render easy and less expensive the means and
pn visions for the common defence' Tlni
strength necessary to carry this bill through
both Houses was not wanting: but, fortunately
for the country, it was arrested by the vetti
of Mr. Madison who very properly held, that
the power to regulate commerce anions "the
several States" cannot include a power ro
construct roads and canals and to iniorova the
ol water courses in order to fa-
nav.';ation
i ui.firi thn vlilMw-r 'itiii :i vitful ifr i;iml ivni'i. ii'ir.t.
representation, and had added;' Fortunately for the country these were
already abundant sources ofcon-Lluwi i. o... :.ar.fn . f fhn i i.,.,..
the tederal and State authori- (intercourse wltli the Indians had afforded no-
and foreign mi
another to the
lention between
These considerations called for a chan
th
in
bep-dicy of the Government; and that adopted
;uof the mountains with the seaboard, by means of a Jifer the fullest consideration was their removal
.itraUlall-road, via Ualeigh to Beaufort; and also the beyond the Mississippi: where it was belived
oimijlet
portunities to acquire a practical knowledge of
Ironi th.: ordinary import of the term;'' and that
to refer the power m qhes'.toii t th.- eliusts
to provide fur t!ie common defence and gen
era! welfare, would be contrary to the estab
lished and consistent rules of interpretation j as
rendering the special and careful enumeration
of powers which follow -he ciause'.-iugato-y and
improper. The spirit, whicil pronp-d . :. mea
sure was rebuked, bat far from be:?g sjp.laed
by this salutary interposition ..It ciwaiiioed tu
loauifest its power and its purposes for a veriest
-of years, i.a toe shaps? of resolution, . : rts
l;om Departments' and Co-nmiftees. hii f.u
surveys and esiimates, n;i lung and lab .red
speeches, until the doctrines they inculcated
w?re claimed to have 'become tiie' established
principles id our ..vei nment and the vs
tem of 'mea-ures which they inculrated. the
es'ablished policy of the country. Every
one at all conversant with public affairs must
remember that, (so "effectually had all real re-
effected livuno.n. Cl aiimit, 1 Whi.urton J T ,or luv uxe lights pnaci; Ifis been
ccessluljnthevvhoieuf his administration, did nt in i!iferarecl !ii'in ll,,e ''nistratioi.s ,f Mr.
:pe.rieiiceasin.re instance recommend the adopiion )fMoriroe and Mr. Adams,) t mse who had beea
anv measures of that character to Cor, -ess; al -1 P'ruous amongst their strenuous de
though he evinced the patriotic interest he took i,en,Icr?- a:1 cease, aM, act,ve l'P"sition and
iu them devour.- much of his attention to t:ie hvere prepared t abandon the , struggle m de-
promotion of internal Improvements by thersia:i- lal ,lUl lew P'sesseii the requisite
btafes, and particum.dv by 1 :aat. l which he was
of the power he has, on so many theatres, dis
played to the signal vantage ami glory of his
country.
To dwell upon the character of the opposi
tion and of the attacks which (Jen Jackson
experienced in the discharge of this branch of his
duties, would be a melancholy an i perhaps un
profitable task. We therefore pass them -by.
IrJcrial Improvements.
If the first term of Gen. Ja-ks urs admin
istration had not been distinguished bv a singh,
other act of a strong tna- k," in s ;;,.d take:; bv
him on the subject of 1st x'.t.kal Improvements
would alone have sufficed to make if illustrious
In reviewing the past instory ami ree.en.r stae
ol this branch of our afiiiirs it seems difficult to
realize the fact that, upon a subject f such
magnitude, so much could in so short a lane be
eojoyed and which he had well improved.
the unvarying utiion of strict justice and iufiex
;kk. i.;..i. .wi ..,...a- .a i.: .i
p (iiiBn,,. r t ili - .-..c. t . ,.tll nf .ue, . .. i i . 11 , ---'i.Jit- in i.iiicni Mim.n nan uiai rwcu i-.i- tieiuriiiit:u I,
iinSui iiioae. u.eai articles OI tiie ,iaie. I t- i r lP.iirhf m ni-ntnrtoil
I v"'i the Cape Tear, the Pamlico and the Albemarle ! a i , iV ? 1 i V , - I V5,e! IUM" cmplovttlin UlSJieiiSing the favors o!
iIJ'Vao, shah have her full share of the benefit of P,, V', "c Ws,ca etenoratton tiie government or its retributive power; and bv
in IKjO s ie l.-ir t pm n ..v,t.t;nc t' -'"o o" wecu iujiiw iu ailCiiU uieir
. .oc-.ucattlie expense of the State, fur t.he bett
i
. i . . i - . i
their character and condition, w.och tew have a ctv.tn. Th fondirmi of the Trcasurv. whi.di
VY of the public property, a Fire Engine of capacity
i-.iui vower sufii-.-ient to throw a heaw coiun.n of water
lw,iVl"Ut Capitol, with Hose and one hun-
nstoi Vlllc'1 had been, louul to atle::d xh"u' farmer (the proofs which he gave of his lamdiarky with
:r sejr 0;rio:,s wrh the wnite man. Provided m ihisjt!,eir character and position, and of his disnosi
acityin -vy region with extensive territory, with ample tio!) as wdl a3 abjitv to render them reai'ser-
nu-Mis.d sustenance, und wiM the opportunity vice, he had acqu'u ed"their confidence as a friend, j l)(.nr(l
ol crying them exempt from causes which jatu their respect and veneration as the miniver !j,n 'i,'
fowrgoyd will
l .a conrliu;,,,, ,u.. . .
nrl 111.... . t
fe lrv on nf u i ,a"-,"1" itt suppou ine aamims
r I i.., , 1 !'CSI,Ient Jon. but at the same time con-
i.iUi. ..pi-ratcil so injuriously, it may be l.opeil 1 of iustict-, in a .Irerce which hail nevi-r been
Wltll lv,.
--i i.; uac.Uc. c. 1.. I .1 i. .. ..
in;,..t ' uieiuuyour vote ana ex-
s ' a secure the coihii!i-in th eMt rfr,...-
ana sue s&aij nave evidences ot""" 1 "-""v ",l ,v-1 "M"4,J --ii wiui exceeded: am tins luliuence has been most sue
better success, and that their march to degene- cessfullv emploved iu imnroving the relations
racy aou uecay, usuy uoi uiiv oe arresreo, out; between them and the United States.
turned to the opposite direction of strength and
moral improvement.
As far back as IS1T, in repeated communica
tions -o the Government. Gen. Jackson renudi.i-
.-.m :ni( t ,n . ..."
i hir'u m .vl i speeciies which may be made
iW bcc! ii(.f..0V eS:.lulercstl,1S cases in our Courts
i ...! '"'n; sprcaa belore tt v,...,U,.c. l
- wi.ums whl ever contain somethin- f,,l
It this policy iid nor receive its lirst impulse, : tU(1 ti,e that the Indians weie to be treated
certainly greatly promoted by the repea-!a, soverei-n c immunities; and recommended
communications whicn were made to the
Government by Gen. Jackson whilst he was in
the Army. Partaking of the general sentiment,
t . 1, T. . """"
lilt- :i rnui t i . a. -a w i
'7 V Sv til P"? Xhc Christian. There
i Sd P tUe,LuUeS' bn.,t8 for the
in t'lyy1 for the children, so
M."M Likeaood
i room. Ti. ,, -. Jounu, and with nlei.tv of
eauiei'
on. fei
i" manv i iJiJm' J'1 ,0d bsnribeps, it will
iliouUUhw" ' a,l(l safely enter the desired ha-
' ii-.;
: every new Ve;ir. " luo' or a worrv making
frihcMajHi ,,..,', -VX !nvite all GUr punctual
ttith aheartv nunm i . ' n'lS;l:,t,lreceive "rbest
vrii- t...... f '
. ..- 'C!li))L.r;i;iivr .... V, I."'"1 H '"- '
; cehurafibrds. . fc' "l 0Ul ash Peach, that
iU'ostnustcrs-in,!-: f" ?n'' l also requests
.Me,nbti; :Imri 7!,ri'e',.v, butespe-
i-.--semblv t. ileii served in the
.. .. , . wi.c
pumn li
shake, and a Hnss ,fi
that early and efficient measures should be
taken to put aai end to the dangerous errors
which then nrevailcd ou the subject, both amotitr
Mr. Monroe noticed the matter in his last an- tt)S. Indians and many of our citizens. The
course therefore wluc.i aMptcil this respect.
as soon as he rvas eiecieci rresioeoi, was m
nual communication, and aain made it the sub
ject of a special message to Congress1 near the
closo of his administration. He then freely ad- j conformity with opinions which he had long
verted to the deplorable effects of the coiitin-'(entertained and publicly avowed, a fact not more
uance of the Indians in their settlements within fiuttorir?i- to his sa-acity than it was f.irtuuate
the limits of the Mates, and earnestly recomchd
ed their removal on just and liberal terms to our
unappropriated territory in the West and North
west, as a measure indisneusablv necessary to
arrest their degradation and avert their speed v
extermination. The advantages to the Indians
as well as to the United States which were an
ticipated from this measure have been too often j
stated to require reoention here, lhe propo
sirhm was hailed with the liveliest satisfaction
bv every enlij!ifened friend of the Indians, it re
ceived the sanction of the whole country , and
Ct 1st vv...K,- .-.
AT-.. v v,.i 6L'U1
lv: , lv-ni De "ladulotl.
VMS anci cor
1Tn;oy ol the State Iiank
for the interests of the United States and of the
Indians, who were thus more easily reconciled
to the only alternative which existed in the
nature of thioirs: that thev should remove to
the west of the Mississippi, or submit to the
laws of the States within the limits of which
slhev were located.
His efforts to accomplish this great object have
been crowned with a degree of success that
i could scarcely have been anticipated. When
the measure f removal was ifst undertaken,
the number of Indians within the States and
was estimated at
ndred and sixtv-
occupied by th?tn
res. Since the
eaties io further-
i I !...: - .i
..r t:.it jki.iu-F it'll... I ll ir n.iuii i r. i .
but Utile; whether we regard the extent of the ., A.iJr. Tp.,iv i-it'i tU
, ,i .. , , foilowiti"; order:. Irejity wiLi the
removals, or the terms upon whicn thev were . -. tn , . .
recommended to the Indians: and this Treaty) Chippevvas Oltowas and Potawat.mies ,n-
e th ;ilrtnlioi, jebaa:oes, lieiawares,-ueiawares 'Nsuppiemen-
dim. . . t int's in in1!!' lias ;i itL- uct: i ir' ni puu its uicsriiicu i'ulv wi n - - i - : .
"Us,.;""0 counties in h,a...:r ..r.i. c..: ! , . . .V., . iemionea emoraceo in u
Ic-VMandWard, f bi- tC I" ' V61 n!!lcul every exertion oi me me - thousand six hu
I ' tor, in' ffoodsubser-i'. . "4 -l".iu-v o.ounistratiou to make it e tectual was unstic- J ,u,r . r i...t
fa l",JdaUlJcisu3 they can convenient- r..i ti . i ,u.. t-.v. ... c lour, and the quantity of land
b-,r.e., in ; ...... I "P..,,.. f u.,.i ... ir..-.L :?iiit seventy-seven millions ot ac
tW.V C. M ,v f, tQwuu- HINTOX. ' ! ?. ' cnuc . iu . e,y vnccuve ' i e!ection of General Jackson, ti
a . : unninHiu" t trail au kz xrui'n u v xtui m isiiv.- i . a
i .Y.l!. . , " i
, 1 HI
of was the or.ty oractical ste: sine
: for the r'o.'wd T' eemo"r,ls4 the policy which dictate,! it, that deserves toj cfU oxes otners-u.mctaws--benecas;
lhe ock ;rs jd r?nhSe fr T? noticeduntil wo com, down to the adminis- greeks -Senecas an d hhawiiees,Shawnees
Po 'zltrzuon G,n. J-.ckso:. of Wapaghkonnetla-Ottawas, Wyandots of Big
'- March 9,1832, Besides thi want of succks there resulted i Spring. Menoinauies.Pctawatainics of the
nerve to present themselvc-i as their ear. est
advocates on the floor of Congress; and when
they did so, their gravest arguments were lis
tened to as idle wind, or derided as the ex
ploded vagaries of an obsolete school. The
point of jurisdiction was indeed e cue 1 from
the prevailing current bv the veto of Mr. Moorocj
but e'en that was dome at the expe;!e f conces
sions which, in the opinion of m.iiiy, tendered
v .i... . ....... - i ...I.. i-
encroachments iu this respect darin- that brief! '...n 1,1 pracucai va ue. r .rrunate-
The civil revolution of I SCO, founded i1" !,,r.t!ie cra"fc (lt fou,,(I, V'P -cied
securuv ei loose oy wnoin mis victory over
such extravagant &.
required large loans at exhorbitant lates of in
tet est. and the ilifficuitiesin which the adminis
tratiun of the elder Adams was involved by the;
passage of the Alien and Sedition laws and other
causes that demanded its utmost efthrts i:i a
fruitless struggle to prolong its existence, were
suflicient of themselves to prevent any ser.oas
principles viioIly adverse to the prosecution
ui ;onc:iioiu u
i .! t. .1 I I t I
bv the Fed- im "ecu aineu ico io :
. . ... I i r i ! I -r f fii'iiu-ih ocbul iho i.fl',if I .f .....itl.
erai Uovernment, and the watchful vigilance ' : , '--
ofMr. Jefferson and cf Mr. Madison, down to j n'n- the Sen?S , i!trcntl011 the people When
lhe period of the laV war, aided bv the dis-j; peiceiveti me passion ior wim scnemes oi
of work's of Ifernal I
eral Government, and
nlayof republican principles called forth bv internal improvement to nave or-come so rampant
the attempts to renew the charier cf the fWt ! that' Hof c"ntent with unlimited scope upon the
Untied States Bank and crowned by the final !0;1.rth' lt w elevating its designs to projects of
defeat of that mcasare by the vote of that vei:-!,1, ,uscf tnesuies niey were ar last
erabie patriot Geor-e Clinton, all concurred luruUS u w maue ,,ie ywonneir agents m this
to prevent any materia! advance in the estab
lishment of those doctrines upon this subject,
the subsquent prevalence uf which afanrded "so
respect, t lie subject of investigation Too
bold pretensions urged by those in power, and
the measures they labored to accomplish under
much and so just cause for alarm.
It was' atvent a fc,ose scrutiny in the next Presidential
the peace that the foundations for their future
success were so deeply and so broadly laid as
ultimately to secure for them a control over the
action of the Government. which nothing but the
strong arm, recently stretched forth for the
relief of our -country and its institutions from
abuses, already enonnnua and in prospect ter
rific, could have arrested. Besides tne seduc
tive influence of a great revenue, resulting from
i t
canvass; anil nothing could be clearer than
that the contest which ended in the first election
of Gen. Jackson, turned in r.o small degree upon
this point; and wrs in its result an expression
(a) In his great speech at Cincinnati, in August 1630,
a large portion of which consisted of a philippic against
lhe Maysville veto, Mr. Clay, to show the prrsvnpiim of
General Jackson in pretending to make the atlemp:
(tliea believed to be utieily futile) to arrest i.-e .head-
thft -operation (in a great measure the reverse, of iic11? coarse on the subject ot, internal improve nens. ac
at;.l f ,ii;a. !;.l r..l verted to tne contest which had taken place wmi rehr.
the encouragement ot manulacturmg industry,
there were not wanting auxiliary inducennients
o a rapid and extensive propagation of the pr:n
:ib!es under consideration. The probability,
to
cibies under consideration. i he probability
as well as the general impression of the country,
then was. that the time was near at hand when
the Presidency, thus far confined to the men of
the revolution, must pass into hands of the suc
ceeding generation. That this should beget as
pirants to that most dismguished of all public
stations, was in the natural course of tilings;
and, as men generally constitued, it was nt
very extraordnary that these aspirants, instead
f trusting to the steady and gradual formation
of publi. opinion upon this important suojec;
should flatter themselves with hope, (which ti e
intelligence and sobriety of judgment ot 1'..
American people have-thus far proved to be
rence to the power which was claimed over it. and
wound up villi tha following1 fact. ui recollect per
fectly well, that at the last great strujrs'c for lhe power
in 1821, Mr P. P. Barbour, of Virginia, the -aincipal
champion against it, observed tome, that it it were af
firmed on that occasion. (3Ir. .Hemphill's survey bill)
he should consider the question settled. And it icat at
firmed." This, be it noted, was as early as 1821. Vo
lume could not convey a justeritlca of the absolute,
hopeless rout 'horse, foot and dragoons" from which
Andrew Jackson has rescued those who were friendly lo
the maintenance of any thing like landmarks around 'he
field of action of the General Government. Contrast the
state of things indicated by this surrender of ""the prin
cipal champion," .vith that in which the subject va :
suppoyed to be left by Mr. Madison at the moment of
his retirement from orTke. In an article on Sir. Madi
son's veto of Mr. Calhoun's Bank-bonus-internal-iaciprove-ment
bill, above referred to, Niles' Register (March 2'.
1817) says. ''It i-- not probable that any bill of the sort
will hereafter become a law of the United States, unless
the powers of Congress are ealarjrcd by the amendment
of the constitution.