4
1 ,iki r l 'vp lib-;,
ft r S V K I
I.
CBARiES K. BAMSAl
Sfje owjjtttuteoiwltet
i Til
Is published every Tcesdat morning,
nCT annum, one half payable in ach
at TArce. IM-
Thrpp
Jars prr mUJl, w y 1 '
)ccr arf fifty?' lt not Paid Until th teramutln
of the year.
Mrertixments wse
inserted at av ccius per
1 25 cents for every subsequent one.
cprtrm. and
ncefd to the V.MTon en lmsincrs con
All letters aduresseo. to iai.
. , ,v, establishment, must be jrof pczi,
nee
icxeu . , . ...
. thev vlll not be taken out oi u.e uu.
.r-,f be ' Ted twice a week in the City of Raleigh,.
'7 con!.r,o.! newspaper form on a Super.Rovul Sheet,
eood type, at four dollars peryear to all who pay
vi'tiiiii six months from the time of receh ing the tirit
r.'uaiber, or live dollars to all who pay altenvards.
The ScpscEinsn, in fixing his permanent residence at
'ie Seat ot the State Government, and assuming the
Editorial duties of the Statesman, (in which he will be
assisted by several gentlemen of talent and leisure,)
yields himself to the wishes of many of his friends, who
think there is room even in Raleigh fur a paper of this
description. V.'e shall see.
The Statesman will vigorously support the rights oi
the States, and at the same time the rights of the Uni
ted States, (as embodied in the Federal Government by
the Constitution,) as the best and surest guarantee of
the Union itself, and of the continuance oi that pro
tection to life, liberty and property, which it has afford-t-d
to the States for the last half century, in their career
of greatness and prosperity altogether without a paral
lel in the history of the world. As it will have come in
onlv at the death of those distracting topics which late
ly agitated the country, it will claim no share of the
spoils Peace to their ashs! But the Statesman's
".riathal rare shall be North Carolina our own loved,
our native la id. The improvement of her institutions,
the prosperity and happiness of her people, the asser
tion of her just rights and the due ana proper nonor or
the talents and virtue of her sons shall be its principal
concern.
Although she was the first of her sisters to snuff ty
ranny in the breeze and dared to be free and evtr
since her Meclenburg Declaration of Independence,
and on every emergency, whether threatened by for
eign or domestic dangers, she has met every crisis as ba
came a patriotic and brave people; and even hesitated
not to give her own daughter, Tennessee, to add ano-
her star to the proud banner of the Republic, ima an-
other arm to the National defence. And although pos-1
sessinfT a territory, soil, climate, population and wealth,
and with intelligence and moral worth, Inch entitl
icr to rank among the first of her sisters, vet strange
it is, she is almost unnoted by them, ,nd by the Feder-
ul Government also, except to make hc-r -pay taxes in
nr. , r , . e '.. , ,
peace and hffht tor them m war; her eitizens scarcely 1
nurticinatinir nt all in the honors and emoluments of!
their own Government! But who says North Carolina)
Jeeps? They will find her wide awake to her rig-fits,
.-.rid resolved to maintain them? they shall th( statesman
la'uv.ing for her her rateable portion of the public
wealth and for her sons, a fah participation in the
public honors ;f the country and refusing to take a I
denial.
The Stacsman will search for hidden misehief and
ferret it out of our institutions w hich has produced the
present state of things. Something- must be wrong-,
rcmrces, the public expenditure exceed the income a- j u,ai Ulbt Ulir!" " i-,-,un pay no more
bout seventeen thousand dollars a year? The people i t!l i !i onC third of the taxe, can riIstf ui iy make
: hou!d know these and the certain bankruptcy w hich is j laws and execute them, impose faxes & expend
staring- their State Government in the face. If asprob-1 them, for the other two thirds. Yet such is the
able, the radical fault is in the present of repren-1 reaj can(litmn of this state. Those whom it af
tetim, the N'atesman will contend that it should ber , . . , , , , .-
changed and made equal and satisfactory to all; if inlecf8 ma.cho0se, tU , confidently at
our Legislation, we say dimmish the mimhir of Ropresen-j tirm the 'act and challenge them to a fair, manly
tatives and have only bienial meetings, and by a change j and candid investigation of the subject. We
u policy, immolate our unwise teuds on the altar ol
people; nor 'A ill it forget to urg-e the speedy approxima
tonof the mountains with the sea board, by means of a
Ceniral "itail-road, via ltaleig-Ir to Eeaufort;"and also the
complete opening of those great articles of the State,
t'iz: the Cape Fear, the Pamlico and the Albemarle.
Kaleh, too, shall have her full share of the benefit of
ur labors. In 1830 she had them, in our exertions to
pnir.uicatthe expense of the State, for the better se
curity w the public property, a Fire Engine of capacity
awl newer sutTuient to throw a heavy colun.n of water
we dome f the late Capitol, with Hose and one hun
wettUre buckets; she had them by our vote and ex-
jaons to secure the continuance of the scat cf Govern-
and she shall have' evidences of
ourg-0--d will.
' CO.'lCiisian. fhn Cf,.., :n 4. -
t, ',i ' 'es:f-cnf Jackson, but at the same time con-
it ' ill always
- w h"u nauired to it
friends, but plag-uy cross
sauc.y to its enemies, for whom a rod will "alwav.
,;r. ' e ? P'c'le; erly and regular reports will be
?f(w tne PW'ceedings of the S:ate Legislature and
in bot'i'Vr t r bt st seeches which may be made
V,'! I,"- , ! u b0?if's:'teresting law cases in our Courts
a ;'(,'? f eCt,ed :"ld sPreiul heSc readers; and in
-i, t, colums wUl ever contain something useful
.-iisim; to the VmM r..-i ,.., c.
s
i.ii1
",u'"i ami oratiri-in
' , . -"--"-oaiu, fliecnamc ano
tW.7 .
to the Christian.
re.:tI r'l "; ,thm'rsfHr ladies, butternuts forth
-talTn for the children; s
I'll ere
for the
shin.tu.n?. rr ,ori.?e.lp m,jey- Like a 1
"nulf, Nt P ty ,f ",od SIlbibers, it'will
vcn- Should and,safdy enter the desired ha-
"-t I'vcrv neu- ve' MTen' k Ut for an,crrv making
subscribers and -iun-U'Kn mv,te aI1 r punctual
vishes with alu'artvT10 on s and receive our best
the very best Sp' ,up Uanale sI)ake. and a trlass of
cellar affonls. 1 op old Nash Peach, that
I he editon-esnectfn'lv ,... . .. .. - v..
edit
onal corns. t .;.- v 'Tests tlieorth Carolina
l! tlieir respective mner 7tszn insertion or two
lS PostmAste ,,i .:. r 'nd h also requests
eral Assembly, to intere
cis w,th whom he has served in the
;st themselves in their re-
'Procure and fn,--.i W "CUHU 01 e statesman
iv0aS,nLv ln l (hythe fi"tdavof Aur-jst
P i,re Sd Subscr''-s as they can conve.nt-
- .inn count p ; kKii- f
NP- May 6,
JOfcEFHB. IIINTON.
i'JJJ .
1 r
I
'lSh
H in ':Z.. ywY a man of sobriety and mnnl haSttc
tefal price will be given y IoUSC to whom a
suuegc oa, ana present to toe Lmon and the world, , tin(l nfthe -t census and an honest perusal of j apprehension of an increase o
will advocate general VAucoZ and a lud c ous sl ?evue e 0ut at. Treasury ol is astonishing with what tenaci
tem of Bankin-r, commeasurate with the wants of our I til,! lie- ingenuity itself, may be deheu, tunes adhere to power m oppos
HKNJIY JONES, c. t.
5t
40.
THE LIBERTY OF THE
U.H.IIWJUHI
A I) DRESS
Ox AMENDING THE STATE CONSTITUTION.
i;The People In ve a right to assemble together, to con
sult for the common good, to instruct lluir representa
tives and to apply lo the Legislature for redress of griev
ance." 1S$ Bill ol rights of North Carolina.
To the Freemen of North Carolina.
ILr: iLY we live in a country whore no aprjnjjy
is required for addressing a Ire, people up!n
subjects connected with their own govern
It is an office which any one may assume with
out jut reproach or fair censure A recurrence
io the proceedings of a meeting held in Raleigh
during last winter will exempt us from the im
putation of vanity in addressingjou, and explain
r-diameter in which we appear before you.
A large portion, v believe a majority, of the
People ol'N. Carolina are dissatisfied" with the
Constitution vf the Slate. They complain, we
believe with justice, against evi,ls proceeding
from causes which the people alone can remedy,
and therefore they have through their represen-
tatives, determined to call for an expression of i
the public will upon their complaints. By
the 18th section of the "Bill of Rights the' right
of the people to iyistruct their Representatives
or the people to Distract their Representatives
is distinctly declared, and the friends of a re
form of our Sare Constitution, feel confident that
a vol unta ry I ecia ration of :pmun by the Pede'
"for., or against a change of the Constitution"
will bereceixed as int ructions and mu-t influ
ence the General Assembly to accommodate io
some way, the unhappy di isiotis oi tn Stafe,
and provide a remedy for the evils of a most un
equal and expensive government. In order to
remove the objections ot some, to defeat the
pretences of many, and operate as a recommen
dation to all, the advocates for Reform have
put forth ror discussion the changes which are
demanded. If the subject could claim that at
tention which its importance merits and no
feelings ;f party animosity 'were mingled with
its consideration there woukl be no difference of
ljluluI1
UNEQUAL REPRESENTATION,
By the present constitutnm, the Peimle o!
'each Count u elect two merr.brrs of tiiO House
os Commons and one Senator- and seven Bj-
, . i i
rouo;:i towns are permitted to send each t in1
. , , 1 . . . ,
member to ? he General Assembly . W ere eaci-
county of equal population and did the peop'e
of each contribute alike to the support of gov
ernmenf, this mode of electing the Assembly
would be fair and just. Were there any near
approach to equality of population and taxes in
the several counties, there would not be so much
room for just complaint.' Surely a decent res
pect for the "fundamental principles" of all
...... -.1 - - j !! II .
popular governments will not allow us to argue
may do no more than invite a careful examma
afterthis, to produce even a plausibl appear
anre .f equality in our Representation. The
w hi'e population of the State alone jeing taken
as a basis ol calculation, one third govern and
tax two thirds. Assume the Land tax fur a
basis and it will bring us to the same result.
1 Take for a basis the public ta-xes of all kinds ahd
tiie conclusion is not more favorable to our pre
sent system. Let all orany of these be com
bined and it will stamp upon our county repre
sentation the same marks of inequality and in
justice. The whole' w hite population of the j
State is about 4T2,000. Thirty-three Counties!
contain 156,000 and the other thirty-one Coun-i
. y-m 1 t I
tie contain blO.OUO, and yet these thirty-three
Counties elect a majority of the General As
sembly. These thirty-three Counties pay an
nually a land tax of 8,000 dollars only, while
they exact from the other thirty -one a similar
tax of 17,000 dollars! These same thirty -three
Counties this ruling minority pay lor taxes ohhas cost 40.000 Dollars peryear. Here is an
all kinds 24,000 dollars only, and yet they levy expeuditureolV e million, when half the amount
faxes from the other thirty-one Counties to thei miirht have been saved; that for 25 years to
amount ot 48.000 dollars annually: me ex-i
. - ...
penses of our State government (including none
but such as are necessary) being aboat 8',000
dollars per year,and the State being divided in
to 64 Countie9,the proportion of each county in
this expenditure is S1250. These same thirty
three Couniies this ruling minority, therefore,
do not contribute their own expenses to the go
vei nmeht unless their taxes amount to S41.250!
and how is the fact? They pay no more than
24.000 dollars! and nearly one half of tnem do
'.ot contribute taxes sufficient to pay their own
members of the JlsscirMy What? a majority
o: two thirds of the people taxed by one third,
to pay the minority for exercising this coutroul?
Incredible as it might seem to be is true.
There are 40 counties in the State which do nd
contain an average population, and m ire than
40 whose people do not pay taxes equal to their
verage share of public necessary expenditures,
while they elect nearly two thirds of the Gen
eral Assembly! One of the least counties in
tuts Sr.ate contains a white population of 2,700
the largest corvtams 17,600, and vhile the
former pays a tax of 600 dollars, the latter is
squired to pay 2000 dollars; vet both these are
alike represented. Atudher County with 2 pop
ulation of 3,300 and an annual assessment of on
ly 430, dollars elects the same number of rupre-
PRKSS - THE SHIELD OF FREEDOM THE SCOURGE
RAiLE&Ii, X. C. JIT 15 18 2833.
sentauve to our General ' Assembly with 'are property volant of their rights,' cannot per-;..,,. -.-eeurWr m
fourth cointy wio.Mvhite population is 16,000, inut t t be otherwise.. AumiiA t'-.-t t ,ee Kt ' ? I ' u ' "l
& who-e taxes are 2,300 dollars armuaHy. And years n a , !(, n 1. 4 , , T P-Pvmo.e h K U ;,Ht- .t
another conrty with a white popffation l.ttle ex- whaf n v, beet, ,he iruim fr thrih U v? T7lr?T r mnova'1071 l -not
wiii.rS 000 wimnv n mf.iJ i'nh inn l l w h ! u ' ,n 1 1 " c exrlutl e the nope ot Reform Sucu ousiderattons
, V uuu who pay; no moif t.nn oOO del- W e have consumed ovei a; id besides, the wlmlf. rpcuni..., (i .u ,P.,i,n . .u,t , r,m
iars lor tax.s .sail wed to sendee amo weight ordinary revenue, 400.000 Dollar, in the neee ''s d ' z X -nZ nt he Co
m.o our cour.c.is with a sixth! county whose sary expenses of he o-.-vemreent Had we 5 - V v' r i "ts t the . C;urtru
vviiiicm.m.wti.n,, ojnnftn,iti , - 7 i , 1 u"; i Vv-,,,l,'ul1, IIJU ;e ViUon, slialr first sanctioned bv two thirds of
wiiiu Ppu;aru,n is 13.000 and whose taxes ex- iiint.e(l this rt'furm 9t -ura i,: in.U n (l .., i r . . " ... ,
ceed 20u0d-liars. Comnarini these ix coun
ties togedier, rhat will be the result? Forty-six
thousand six hundred people, ilio r mtriblife a
tax of 6.300 dtdLrs are allowfiico argr share
a. frte government. than" J$in.c thousand mem
bers of the same community, woo pay a tax of
only 1,300 dollars, Toe smallest number and
thev who contribute least to the eurmnrt of i.-
government, are invested with ali its
'IM . . ...
- ii
powers,
whose
nere are in the St.i'e i uelve counties
people pay a tax S5.400 collectively the c-m-jthnn
pt asauon or the repreeinatives they -Meet, ex-
ceeds this sum mme than 2000 d dlars! These
counties partake equally with others d all the
benefits of the government and they elect near
ly one fifth of the General Assembly, vet thev
compose but little more than one tenth of the.
population, and pay very little exect dirg one
thirteenth of the public expenses! Thev pav
5000 ai-d cost 15,000 doll ars! These tliinjjs
are mi. Hut is it iu-t Is it equal? Is it re-
publican that they shi.-uld continue? Must they
be endured forever with no better reason for it,
than that they ar-evils which a patient people
have already submitted ofor many years? Are
the maxims of freedom reversed anil shall. uspr
pation establish righ:? -long usage justly op
pression? The interest of" the whole State requires and
her necessities demand reform in our Legis
lature. .The General Assembly is bound by our pre
sent constitution t mee' annually. When the
Co'isf'ttitian was ratified ire Stare, was divided
into Go counties and the General As-embly was
composed of no more than 1 15 members, but te
number ot counties is now increased to b4 and
the members of" the Assembly to 199. The an.
nu
expense of the A
emblv ttlone is u-.w 40,-
000 dollars and this sum falls very littie short
of what the whole government of the State once
cost the People. By the proposed amendments
to the constitution it is suggested that the ass?tn
blv siiait not be required to meet often than once
m tiro years, and that their number shall be re
duced "f rom 199 to T2r.
In the early period of our independence be
fore the States ot America had formed their
"more perfect U? ion,'? before the people had be
come settled mfo habits of self-government, the
annual meeting of the Legislature was both wise
tml necessary, but in our davit is a most un-
necessary tax upon the public, and a serious ob-
J ....
stacle to wholesome permanent legislation; for
the people are barely informed of the acts ot one
Assembly before the succeeding hw-ir.akcrs
have repealed or modified them. The reform
that is here proposed wiil diminish the expersos
of the State more thai. 25,000 dollars annually.
A clear saving of 25,000 d'doirs per year is e -
qtial to a reduction ot the taxes one tiird, anu
yet some have put their resistance to a reform
of the constitution upon the real or pretended
f the taxes. It
ty men wiil some-
ition to their own
interest as well as against the just rights of o
thers. The minority are now striving to main
tain it in North Carolina while its exercise is
subversive of the rights of two thirds of the peo-
!ple and costs that minority infinitely mo1 than
it is worth. Under the influence of some caba
listkk party phrase they are deceived into ap
prehensions that this majority are demanding
their rights for the mere purpose ot practising
oppression on others. But it is impossible that
this majority m a State slwdl oppress the mi-
nority of the people by Taxation. If two thirds
impose a burden of one hundred dollars on the
minority, it will be a tax on themselves at the
. . Villi
same tune ct two hundred dollar. And a re
form of our constitution must diminish the ex
penses of the government and (A'ncccssily reduce
the public burdens of the people.
AVe wish an intelligent people to mark these
facts: I hat for 25 years, our General Assembly
" .. . - 1
come, tins expenditure must again uu incurred ;
and vet, a prudent foresight will enable us to
diminish it one half: that the Treasurer of the
State in his last annual report, state, that for
mauv years, the ordinary public revenue of the
State, has not been adequate to the purpose of
defraying the necessary expense ot the govern
meftt,'but the deficit has varied from 12,000 to
17,000 Dollars per year; that the sources, which
have supplied this deficiency, have been fluctu
ating and femporary in their nature, and of late
are nearly discontinued. What Statesman
what intelligent man will say, that this can be
prudently allowed, or safely continued in a
State? But it has been allowed and must be
continued, unless the expenses of the Legisla
ture, are decreased, or the taxes of the People
increased. We may leave it for you to de
termine which course is to be preferred.
Unless the people shall d3 the one, their
Representatives must lio the other. Policy
mav
induce them, to put tms ourden on
the people, in some disguised form, and to
conceal the application of their own remedy
for the disease that has been hidden for so many
years, but that it must be imposed, is inevitable,
except bv a reform of the constitution. The
necessary expenses of a wise government, should
be met by her ordinary revenue. A people who
OF TYRANTS'
Mli7BiTfctJTlTTMinTiTailllirT l'HI IIMIIIIjIMHI JJLJIi I JUJlt.-JMr3B3gilr I 'rfHT--arii-MTlTIIII I II r 11) III I HIifcMIW wm. : Ty
our State reasurv, u.njld now exceed a mil
lion of dollars! D-ferit2J years longer, and
the end of that pefid will find the State yet
more depressed than she is. We are not com
plaiMng if exrfi.mant compensatiin to o,ttr pub
lic ofiicers. Tney are faithful workmen' wor
thy' .f their hire.' The ti ue evil is that the la
borers ot the vineyard are too many the works
ot the people nry be better done, and much
jmore economically pe.foimedby 127 laborers,
by 199! . Tr.e responMbilitics of Logisla
tors, fortius State, are loo much divided to be
felt properly, and the honor of successful public
exertions is unwisely diminished by a partition
among 166, W ho has not heard complaints,
tact our laws are fluctuating that our Ge
neral Assembly sets too long, "and our pub
lic expenses are increased? These evils ei::f,
ahd have been falsely attributed to a want of
V si tue in the people ot the present generation,
and a defect of talent among those woo serve
them. ' We have no hesitation, in saying that
they will be removed by diminishing the number
ot representatives, establishing a fair basis of e-
qua. representation, ana making the
! I .1 ,.. U ., A .-.r .. .,.1.1
less f : ( Ci'ieot.
' 11. J J
In the '-22 nd Article of our Constitution Ihcrr i
an odious
Restriction upon Conscience.
By exHudi-g dtn.t p.ivli t;u-t. all person f
who deny w protest ant faith. We are protect -ants.and
theiefore we i jr. intve no personal inter
est in the abrogation of tKr? restriction. But
will it be expected ol us at this day to orTer ar -
g ments in favor of rcliQ-ious toleration
'.hope and believe not
It is a disgrace to any free people, to tyramze;
over the consciences ot ofuers. if is gross op
pression, and an undeserved imputation against
the patriotism and public virtues of the Catho
licks of North Carolina, to preserve any Lin
ger, this badge of our fathers' prejudices. The
article itselfjs in conflict with our Bill of Right,
when it declares 'T':at all men have a natu
ral and unalienable right to worship Aimigh-
ty uon, according to the dictates ot their owni
consciences.
The friends of re from, have also proposed an
amendment to the Constitution, which will nut
the election of Governor, into the hands id" the
People.
The Executive chair of this S'a'e, ougSt t be
the highest post that the people can offei to
the most patriotic of her citizens? It is not so
esteemed. But make the station independent
by putting the election with the people, and we
shall have done much towards it. Custom nas
now made it a reproach to the Governor, not to
be re-elected after his first appointment, and
ihence, the hih independence which p-operl
belongs to a co ordinate branch of our govern
! ment, is sacrificed to a desire for popularity a
mong the members ot the Assembly. W do
not affirm that it is always hut it has that, ten
dency; for he must be more or less than a patr.n.
who is not afraid to incur public disgrace. I
the office. ot Governor oftener coveted for its
own honor's sake, or as a stepping stone to oth
er stations of preferment, in the sft of the Le
gislature r Does i t c 0 m por t wit S
esitcomport with the dignity of theiter States to revise and reform their cons'itu.
office, that the incumbentshall be forceed to v. in it tions, and do we find that we are mor e happy,
by persona! electioneering among the met). hers of more prosperous, more free than they are? Alas I
Assembly? Our fathers have wisely thought, jit is but too melancholy a truth, ;r.d b evi
tliat the "executive and legislative deparmcnt jdent to the senses of us ail, that ire are not.
of the government, should be kept separate ami 1 Thev are evils which a MAJORITY of the
distinct,1' and what evil can arise, from not ob-)PKOPLK have a RIGHT to REMOVE.
serving this fundamental principle, that has not
been felt in
our own
tune of the IjeirMature is "nriccvssanlv consum-
1 .
ed, in canvassing for the ofi;-
md the h.irmo -
ny of our councils is disturbed bv the frequency
of this contest. And ic'i; vol the People elect
their oil' n Governor? IT; is their servan:, and
should, he direct; accountable to them for the 'government when they please, whenever indeed
faithful execution of his trust. They have ! the happiness and prosperity of tbe larger num
not cloliied h'.m with patronage, that he can use '; ber imperiously demand a change. Herein they
to corrupt their elections ihey have not in- are the sole rulers and the sole judges. No li
vested him with nawer, the independent dis- unit has been set to their authority but that wnich
vested him with power, the independent dis -
charge of which can be, in anyway, incompati-
ble with their right to puss upon his course
In obedience to the real, or supposed wishes
of the people, they have been allowed to assume
the right ot electing their Sherms and Clerks,
and w hy should they be refused the power to
elect their Governor? No good reason can be
assigned for it
It is further proposed TO ABOLISH BO
ROUGH REPRESENTATION
This privilege is no blessing, but rather a
curse to the towns which possess it, or to most
of them. It is a public burden, from which
the people derive no corresponding benefit.
And it is grossly unjust that a hundred people,
because of the mere circumstance that thev
reside within the bounds of a village, should be
permitted to send a Representative t' the As
sembly, who may out vote the organ of thou
sands residing in the country. Commercial
cities may have a popuL.tLm, that would, when
taken in connexion with their peculiar interest,
justify this exclusive right. But in some of the
Borough towns there are not many more than
100 t-oers, and as they en joy no commerce, they
cannot lay any claim to its peculiar rights.
Experience has demonstrated that some hum!.'
of AMENDING THE CONS MTU I ION,
should be pointed out by the Instrument lirelf.
All wilt agree that this should be madeccr-
Voorst 2 jvr m
spquently ratified by a majority of the People.
Other States have adopted it, and it has been
(yund to be neither mischievous nor defective.
While few men, fellow-ciitzens, can be found
who have the temerity to deny, that our repr?"
Isentatton Is unequal, and the legislation ot the
fetate extravagant ami unwholesome, yt, soma
will SPpff n rptront hfhinl iho nn.'itiin that it 5c
impossible to arrive at perfections any govern.
ment. Tins is a position that we do not deny.
position mat we uo not ueny
It is true, of the exertions of human creatures in
their lives, a-: well as their governments, that
they cahoot attain perfection. But shall this
prevent them from comirg as near to it as they
can? It may very satisfactorily account for
the gross inqualiry in "the government which
has arisen from a change of circumstances Uiat
(n could not be certainly foreseen; it does excuse
the infliction of this injury upon the. rights of a
majority, hut it cannot be successfully urged as
a reason for its continuance. Is he regarded
with approbation by good men, who v itrholds
the acknowledged right of another np o the
sophistrcal subtiety that he cannot do him perfect
cm Jiiestjustice, and therefore he must b excused t '-m
attempting to uo him any at all? Are ha;; n.ws
to be tolerated, are tney inleiated, wn out
change, upon the pretext, that no system of hu
man laws ca" be perfect? Are all governments
abolished because men cannot trame one with
out a fault?
But it nas been said.ihat the ibjer?:or:s against
our present Constitution, are theoretical r'n
jhat the State labors under n practical
"Cthat the majority suffers no practical :, .-ci-(ence.
And is it no practical evil :o th-- S.a;e.
that her councils are divided by sectiona: : dej
that by the form of her constitution, the expen
ses of the Legislature have doubled, anc rhat
our expenditures exceed the ordinary revenue?
Is, it no practical evil, that in 25 years sne has
expended one million of dollars tor her annnal
assemblies, when a prudent economy would
have saved more than' half, that sum; ard that
for all time to come, the same exhausting npera
tion must he experienced and yet endured? Is
it no practical evil, that a iviajoiily ot the People
are disaffected tewn-ds the rntitutujn;. that
they are complaining, and will continue to op
pose a system which is ruinous to the. wholo
State, and obliges two-thirds of the people to
submit to a taxation imposed by one-third? Is
it no practical evil, that those faxes are and must
continue to be expended, not f r the common
2;ood, but mostly in paying the delegates of a
minority: If, indeed, these are not practical
evils, it will be difficult to find them in any free
government. They are those evils which have
mainly contributed towards keeping us b.tck in
dc eloping the internal resources of .the State;
I'd .shall we put forth no efforts to cure hem?
They are those evils which have destroyed the
harmony of the State, and if not remedied by
liberal concessions of power to the just demands
id right, must probab.y rend the peace oterth
Carohna. And will not moderate niee, in all
sec ibms, come forward in a spirit of "nity and
concihaiion. and help to remove them? I'!iv
are evils similar to those which induced our -iis-
To deny this right, is to argue aa;;.s- the ve
Sfate? Moreover, thejry foundation principle of all popjlar govern-
men-s. it is retained in the front "rank of our
W ,- -. r-
; own Declaration of R'gUts, and in that of every
State in the Union, that in the concerns of this
life all power and sovereignty reside, and ouht
'o reside, in
toe i'.e
.1 T1
nme.
1
They can alter their
unit has been set to their authority
j the Almighty has imposed, that t
thev shall exer-
cise it in Justice and Equity, This may be de-
jnounced ; but it is' the. doctrina of free Ameri-
can institutions it is tne uoctnne 01 tne Revo
lution it is the Republican doctrine of this coun
try. Whenever the People shall consent to re
pudiate it, they wiil cast away the great check
they have retained upon the usurpation of their
rulers. Let us riot be misunderstood or m sre
presented. Whilst we earnestly maintain this
JundamentaI principle," we heartily deprecate
licentiousness: we would rather invoke a speedy
co-operation of all parties in ( ur beloved State
to settle the causes of agitation which alone can
produce iN but which a(e now too justifiable to
I be contemned, and too potent to be harmless.
And why may it not be hoped for? We prof -ss
to venerate the fathers ot the Revolution and
the principles they established, and shall that
great leading principle of the Revolution, that
"representation and taxation shall go t'igedier,"
be excludi d from the charter of our own govern
ment? .We have demanded of C-'i-gresi an a
bandonment of the protective tariff system, be
cause it infringes the grat principle of politi
cal justice; and shall we be ileal t d;e rails of
a n ajt-nty of our people for justice at hornc$
We triumphed at the advancement t b e pi in
cip'e-, when the question of Reform in the En
glish parliament of a reform, of the unequal