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XETE MORNING' POST, SUNDAY, 'AP&IL 24, 1004 ts Pernicious Activity in Political Matters Z The Law delating to Restrictions Upon Federal Office Holders 0c'l Commnnleatlca From Civil Senrlei Commljjlcn ritl Frvlce Commission, :r. IX C. WtU you please Inform . -orr.patlble with the pub- U. S. Civil -Service Commission, Washington. D. C. (Extracts from Statutes and Executive and Departmental Orders.) Civil Service Act of January 16. 1850. No person in the public ser- I? it rot contrary to the.vlce u for lhat reaion under any obli- i:u for postmasters to nations to contribute to any political l!rTfn of nepubllcan ex-1 fund, or to render any political ser- . ivlce. and he will not be re- r..stt5-j. or rhalnnen cf , ... , , moved or otherwise prejudiced for re . .. or to be active partlcl-1 fuslnff to do so. (Sec. 2t clause 2. ;ch. whereas they have the. par. 5.) fcrre their mandates on the j No.psrson In said service has j win please Inform me any right to use his official authority 1". S. deputy marshals and or influence to coerce the political ac r and guagers. and Inter-1 Hon of any person or body. (Sec. 2. collectors. An early pro- cliuse. par. 6.) -f th law on this subject! No Senator, or Representa- Under date of June 5. 1902. the Com mission addressed a letter to the Pres ident, in which It called attention to the omission In the new postal regula tions, issued April 1, 1902. of former section 435, providing that Officeholders should not offend by obtrusive partisanship, nor assume the active conduct of political campaigns. This Is in consonance with the order of President Cleveland of July 14. 18S8. - The Commission also called the Pres ident's attention to the following state ment in Its Eleventh Report: The Commission feels strongly that whatever rule Is adopted should apply equally to adherents of all parties, and that it would be safe to adopt as such a rule tha requirement that the adhe rents of the party in power shall nevei do what would cause friction In the office and subvert discipline if done by the opponents of the party in power. A- man in the classified service has an entire right to vote as he pleases and to express privately his opinions on all political subjects, but he should not take any active part in political management or in political campaigns for precisely the same reasons that n Judge, an army officer, a regular sol dier, or a policeman is debarred from taking such active part. It is no hard ship to a man to require this. It leaves him free to vote, think, and speak privately as he chooses, but it prevents him. while in the service of the whole public, from turning his official posi tion to the benefit of the parties Into "As to political activity, a sharp line tlons are neglected.; In my first speech is drawn between those in the class!-' upon these frauds. I insisted that every fled and those in the unclassified ser- official, in the departments at Wash vice. Postmasters; or others holding ington who handles the people's money, unclassified positions are' merely pro- j or who directs its-expenditure,, should hibited from using their offices to con- be under bond for honesty in its ex trol political movements, from neglect- Ipenditure, and I have introduced a bill, Ing their duties, and from causing pub-) which , I think ought to receive consld 11c scandal by political activity. ieratlon from the otheT side of this "A person in the classified service ! chamber, to create a permanent corn has an entire right to vote as he mission, having no connection with the pleases, and to express privately his post office department and responsible opinions on all political subjects. , but j to Congress, clothed with the duty of he should take no active part In po-! Investigating and making annual re lltical management or in political cam- I ports to Congress of all the executive palgns." - j departments located at Washington. It The attorney general in a letter dated makes no difference whether the admin- November 22. 1901. addressed to all of- : istration is Republican or Democratic. fleers and employes of the department of Justice, said: . "The spirit of the civil service law these investigations should be made, not for partisan purposes, but in the interest of the public service. In my .vc a great annoyance In this itlve, or Territorial. Delegate of the Con- I r-sIM relieve your hon-: gTess. or Senator. Representative, or the whole public Is divided; and In no v of ma-h needless corres- Delegate-elect, or any orncer or cm- other way can this be prevented. in the future. If names and ployee of either of said Houses, and no The Commission recommended either nre reeded as to the breach executive. Judicial, military or naval that a general executive order upon r-;e. ir.ey can. ana win oe.oir-zer oi me unuea riaie, ana no the subject be tssued by the president. clerk or employe of any department, ;or that recommendation be made tc and rules renders it highly undesirable ! former speeches on this subject I have for federal officers and employes tc not laid especial stress upon Republi take an active part in political con- can resposibility for these post office ventiops or in the direction of other frauds, although it is responsible for parts of political machinery. Persons , them, as I show a little later on. in the government service under this The burden of my complaint has been department should not act as chairmen 'the denial by that party of further in to political organizations, nor makes : vestigation into these frauds. I have themselves unduly prominent in local Insisted that the disclosures already political matters. It is expected ana made in the dlvislonstof that depart requlred that all officers and employes : ment - which have been investigated of this department shall act in entire ' raised a suspicion against the divis- cc.iformlty with the views herein set ions not investigated, and that nothing Established 1867. OUR RECORD i THirty seysn years ?f hon orable dealing. iitfHISKffflLITY & i :.." honor to be. Yours respectfully. W. LEE PERSON. branch or bureau of the executive. Ju dicial or military or naval sen-Ice of the United States shall. -directly lor indirectly, solicit or receive, or be jln any manner concerned In soliciting .ipru uv. ftfon or eontrtoutio,, for any political TT. Les Person. Rocky Mount, i rurra,. -whatever, from anv officer. S r Carolina. clerk or employee of.the United States. .r The Commission is in receipt 'or any department, branch, or bureau letter cf April 7. requesting j thereof, or from any person receiving .. tii.ii Iny salary or compensation l"om -' rit'.cn In regard to political ac-j , moneys derived from the treasury of t .::y cf Federal employees under the tne Unlted States. (Sec. 11.) rvtce law and rules. As your j ?c0 person shall. In any room r -,-:r;-?s refer to a number pf differ- or building "occupied In the discharge . : ttu.. they would seem to be ful- of official duties by any officer or em- jr rrA.ifl by the following extracts ployee of the United States mentioned r-r; . ..utlve orders: jin.thbi act. or in any navy yard. fort. . r.-holders are the agents of the ;or arsenal, solicit. In any manner what- ;-?:. r.ot their masters. Not only ever, or receive any contribution of t:.- r time and labor due to the gov- rr.oney or any other thing of value for r .: t. but they should scrupulously j nny political purpose-whatever. (Sec. i :i in their political action, as well ) i : the discharge of their official j officer or employe of the .-.T. o.tendlng. by display of obtru- s Vnltcd States mentioned In this act f. rirtlsanshlp. their neighbors whO8nau discharge, or promote, or degrade, ! relations with them as public or m any manner change the official rM ul. They have no right as office- jranv cf compensation of any other offi cer or employe, or promise or threaten so to do. for giving or withholding or neglecting to make any eontributior of money or other valuable thing for any political purpose. (Sec. 15.) CIVIL, SERVICE RULES OF APRII 13. 19C3. No person In the executive civil ser vice shall use his official authority or Influence for the purpose of lnterfer- i i-rs to dictate the political action ff :t'.r associates or to throttle free d -i of action within party lines by r .Ais and practices which pervert .T7 useful and Justifiable purpose of r .r organlxatlon. The influence of Federal otflcehold 'f should not be felt In the manipu lation of political primary meetings 1-i nominating conventions. The use I-- these officials of their positions to . rr. pass their selection as delegates tot,n wItn nn electlon or affect,n the re ; .Ulcal conventions is Indecent and v.filr. Officeholders are neither dis- :.-i.-.ch!sed nor forbidden the exercise ! pclltical privileges, but their priv suit thereof. (Rule 1. sec 1.) No discrimination shall be ex ercised, threatened, or promised by any person In the executive civil service are not enlarged nor is their i aa'nt 0r in favor of an applicant, ell- J -r ti rirtr increase to Tmiriflu 1 employe In the classified ser- the heads of departments for the es tablishment of regulations similar tc the postoffice regulation which had been omitted. The following reply was received Gentlemen: As the greater include! the less, and as the executive order of President Cleveland of July 14, 18S6: Is still in force. I hardly think It wii: be necessary u;;ain to change the postal reruliition.. The trouble, of course, comes In the interpretation of this executive order of President Cleveland. After sixteen years' experience it has been found Impossible to formulate in precise lan guage any general construction which shall not work either absurdity or in justice. Each case must be decided on its merits. For Instance, it is obvious ly unwise to apply the same rule to the head of a big. city federal office, who may by his actions coerce hun dreds of employes, as to a fourth.-class postmaster in a small village who has no employes to coerce, and who .simply wishes to continue to act with reference to his neighbors as he always has acted. As Civil Service Commissioner under Presidents Harrison and Cleveland 1 found It so impossible satisfactorily to formulate and decide upon ques tions involved in these matters of so called .pernicious activity by office holders in politics that in the Eleventh Report of the Commission I personally drew up the paragraph, which you quote. This paragraph-" was drawr with a view of making a sharp line forth. POLITICAL ACTIVITY OF BOARDS , OF EXAMINERS. The Commission believes that the best interests of the service will be promoted by the nonpartlclpation or all members of its boards of examiners in political conventions or in the work of political committees. While attend ance at a political convention as a del egate, or membership upon a political committee, is not, in itself, a viola tion of the rules, partisan activity, if sufficient to impair, usefulness as a representative of the Commission, is sufficient cause for removal from mem bership of any of its boards of exami ners. JNO. R. PROCTOR. President. GRAFT IN THE P. 0, DEPARTMENT r s (Continued front Page 14,). Ing interests in your own party you less than a thorough investigation of the whole department would satisfy the people and would remove the cloud which rests upon that branch of the public service. Was this partisanship? If the?e suspicions are unwarranted, , If an investigation should disclose no J wrongdoing in the divisions which have . hot been investigated, would not hat fact inure rather to the benefit of the Republicans than the Democratic party? The senator from Wisconsin i says that fraud In one of the divisions of a department of government does not argue fraud in another division of the same department. Mr. President, an isolated case of fraud !n a department would not raise a suspicion of general fraud in that department; but that is not the condi tion shown by the Bristow report to exist in the post office department. That report shows that the division of the attorney general of the post office department, the very fountain head of Justice, was reeking with corruption. It shows that of the four men who pre sided over that department shortly be fore this Investigation began, three of them are now under indictment, in dicted for soiling the justice of the will have aA you can do to keep your, country. It shows that in the office of tne auaitor or accounts in ne ai vision investigated Irregular and unlawful ac counts were audited and certified for payment, thereby taking away the last it For thirty-seven j-ears we have supplied the dis criminating trade of the South thoss who know the imoortance of quality and purity. Our business is conducted on a high plane, and we have never lost a customer. "We are tha lergest and oldest estab lished dealera in the South supplying the consumer direct. Here are a few of our leaders, selected from a complete stock: RYJk Pioneer, - gallon,.?.. ............... . 12.65 Old Cabinet, gallon, . d. k . . , . . ....... 3.15 Rose's "Purltyanon. ....... . . ..... 4.00 CORN I Mountain Deew, gallon, t.50 Blue Ridge, 2 years old, gallon. ..... . , 2.65 Old Georgia, 4 years old, gallon, . . . ... . . . . 3.15 Shipped in plain packages, express or prepaid. Our good3 are guaranteed and if not found as represented, money will be refunded. All orders shipped same day received. SEND FOR COMPLETE LIST. . REFERENCES: Any Bank or Business house in Atlanta. R Distillers, dm own household in order without worry ing yourselves about ours. Neither, Mr. President, is there unity In hA TiprnrhHrarT'nftrrv tihnn th 1m- portant subject of finance. InVitiTplat- ! protection of the people against the form of 1900 that party told the people ' misapplication of their money It snows the -old', standard was secure. The that in the division of supplies inves campalgn of that year had , 'hardly i 5leatef, waf a sygtem opened before the people were told that j by whlcn commissions were exacted upuu nearly cv ci y Liung uuugni. j.t shows that in the salary and allowance division investigated promotions of offi- thls declaration of the platform was a i mistake and that the -g-old standard was not secure, but was. subject to be over thrown by executive order of an un- j friendly president, -and that It was necessary to retain that party in power that It might make it secure by legis lation. r The ablest financiers and statesmen, both in the Republican and the Demo cratic party, are agreed upon the prop- between the activity allowed to pub- osltlon that our present currency sys- , .-J M 4 .till If 1 t V.vJtv br OfScchoIdln' vice oecause ox nia poiuicai or rngiusu Instructions" of Present Cleveland. Pinions or affiliations. (Rule 1. sec. 1.: i ti tsc The Commission has authority to V.x case must be decided on lts'make Investigations concerning th j r - vt- ir.ran i i. K.-t.iv ! facts, and to report on all t - to arnlv the same rule to the ! touching the enforcement and effects U,l cf a big city Federal office, win, Pf the c,vl1 ?ervlrc act and reu He servants within the classified ser vice and those without the classified service. The latter under our system are as a rule chosen largely with refer ence to poll t Leal considerations, and as a rule are and expect to be changed ray b his actions coerre hundreds of tt,ons- Any facts ten2,n to now vl-;:-:. as to a fourth class post- ,atlona of tne act ruIes or regulation? rar !n m-iii viiiair i m t nouia oe reporiea to iu -v-e-s to coerce, and who simply "IC's f continue to act with refer- e en fa t-l M" ff! tt: r EXECUTIVE ORDERS. On July II. 1SSS. President Cleveland ilf neighbors as he has always ; Issued the following Instructions, which jwere published, at the time, as orders . paragraph (marked passage. by the heads of the several depart- with the change of parties. In the clas- sifled service, however, the choice is made without reference to polltlca: matters considerations and the tenure of office is unaffected by the change of parties. Under these circumstances it is obvi ous that different standpoints of con duct apply to the two cases. In con sideration of fixity of tenure and of appointment in no way due to political considerations, the man In the classi fied service, while retaining his right to vote as he pleases and to express r' 3. inclosed circular) was " nith a view of making a sharp ments: Officeholders are the agents of the v-twn the activity allowed to people, not their masters. Not only irv3r.ts within the classified . i their time and labor due to the gov- and those without the clasl- I ernment, but try should scrupulously ! ; . The latter undr our sys- avoid. In their political action, as well ir as a rule, chosen largely with as In the discharge of their official ".' to roll t lea I considerations and (duty, offending by display of obtrusive r.. to . 6m tern Is at best but a makeshift that, it needs radical revision, and the Republi can party, not once, but repeatedly, has promised such revision. , During the cials employed in the service, not only at Washington, but throughout the country, were bought and sold, and salaries were Increased not on account of merit, but " for pecuniary considera tions, . , Again, Mr, President, while in the beginning of these Investigations spe cific charges were made only against about three persons, this report shows that the .Investigations made not only established crime against those charg ed, but involved others in those crimes , and brought to. light other crimes and Our Catalogue. Inst sfRiftn of fh( PonsrrMK wp- -TV-pro told that the flluW,the.country,P;-Yhl1d touthe moval , ... . , , or indictment of more than a dozen condition-that legislation was needed employes against whom no charges had In order to prevent a threatened panic. been made. This, Mr. President, does We were told that our currency system " laiea enme irom men nu piesumy tion of other crime would arise. These was too Inelastic, that, there must be legislation to relieve this condition, which ve were assured would recur with the demand of each recurring har vest time. Yet, Mr. President, more than two years have elapsed since Mr. Roosevelt last national election, and there has tent of like condiUons in the balance of conditions in the divisions investigated of course would not raise a conculsive presumption of like conditions ' in the uninvestigated divisions, but I submit that it justifies a strong suspicion of the existence to a greater or less ex- been no financial legislation, absolutely privately his opinions on. all polltlca subjects, "should not take any active, none. Why? It is not because legisla part In political management or In po-, tion Is not needed from the Republi lltical campaigns, for precisely the can standpoint. It is not because that same reasons that a Judge, an army party has not promised financial legis- officer, a regular soldier or a police man Is debarred from taking such ac tive part." This of course applies even more strongly to any conduct on the part of such employe so prejudicial to are and expect to be changed j partisanship, their neighbors who have- d dtecIpHne l3 lmpIled In a pub. rvu S of Arties. In the classl- ? relations with them as public offl-l... flttk on h, nr hr st,nrInr ofn. r t t . I I 0 f rvire . however, the chol?e Is clnls. J:hout refrnce to political They should also constantly remem '?r .:for.s anl the tenure of office , ber that their party friends, from .'"-t-v by the change of par-jwhom they have received preferment 1 r thse circumstances It Is, have not Invested them with the power hit different standpoints of jof arbitrarily managing their political ' Trrly to the two .rases. In 'affairs. They have no right as office !: ;:tfn of fixity of tenure and of j holders to dictate the political action "?nt la no way due to politl-jof their party associates, or to throttle ? I; rations, the man in the clas-! freedom of action within party Unet ?rvir wh!i retaining his right . by methods and practices which per- he pleaes and to express jvert cry useful and Justifiable pur ' y his opinion on all political I pose of party organization. . should not take any active I Tfc Influence of Federal officehold- Hc attack on his or her superior offl cers or other conduct liable to cause scandal. It seemed to me at the time, and I still, think, that the line thus drawn 'was wise 'and proper. After my ex perience under two presidents one of my own political faith and one not I had become convinced that It was un desirable and Impossible to lay down a rule for public officers not In the classified service which should limit their political activity as strictly as we .could rightly and properly limit the activity of those In whose choice and rclftlcal management or In po-jer !,ocd r.ot be felt In the nwnlpa-eru the element of political con- -irr.pjgn5. for precisely the Ration cf political primary meetings . 8ldcratlon8 dld not enter. and after. n that a Judge, an army of,- land nominating' conventions. The use t ward I became convinced that in ita .tr Fo.cuer. or a policeman oy tnese circiais oi tneir positions io-actual constructlon lf there was any -rr-j from taking such active ,fWM tlxlr selection as delegates to-preten9e of applying It impartially, It ; - .il become convinced that It political conventions Is In Indecent and Inevltably worked evenly, and. as a M -trab!e and Impossible to lay, unfair; and proper regard for the pro- matter of fact inevitably produced an lation to remedy these serious and vital defects. It is not because the Republi can party has not had a majority in Congress during the whole of thi3 time. Why, then, have we not had this legis lation? Is it because, Mr. Peresldent, the departments, and that the only way to remove that suspicion and to satisfy the people, who are entitled to know with absolute certainty that their pub lic servants are. honest and that their money is properly; expended, is to in vestigate- the whole department. Why vvn -n-vf narmlt V fa In racf i xa i inn T It can do .no harm. It will cost but little, and if no further wrongdoing is found It will remove the cloud which ,,, ... now rests upon the whole department. the Republican party have not been "; 1 7 ,1 . . . , . nn ...iv Mr. President, the reasons why the able to agree among themselves upon 1 . . , . , . Republican majrrity of this House are any definite plan or measure of nnan-, v , J . i t t so determined that there shall be no clal legislation" k it . ., .. . . , T on . n further investigation are not the reas- Agaln I say, when you are making rm,. VIS aOlgUCU UJU-il i-WXlJCI . JLAJf Cl reason is their fear, and it is a well- your platform, tvhen ( you are making fAf vwrv-i act fr f Via rvorkTl Vrtit Vifi.VA no trouble, in getting' together nded .fear, that .the investigation and you are practically unanimous then, as you generally are when you are after voters. T f Dt.aH rt Art tn 4 Via a r . . .... , . . Ing i presidential - election. The people these serious conditions and defects in , , will disclose a condition of things in this department whicK will shock th country and imperil the chances of the success of that party in' the approach- our financial system, testified to by all ... - . ji.-jio there Is nothing further to investigate; ally admitted by reason of divisions- ... . M. . . , know that's the reason, and they are not. to be misled by the pretense that I t l for public officers not In.prieties and requirements of official j lmnPMJ,rtn nf hVBnpriw tn ihn who . ?-rice ni n wouia limit . piarc win uio prevent ineir nssununi; i'fil activity ai strictly as" the active conduct of political cam r.hily and proporiy limit palgns. 'r "f those In whose choice Individual Interest and activity In po- j neglect theIr pubHc duties, must not ir. eiement or political -micai anairs arc oy no means con- caufe public scandal by their activity; but outside of the classified service the asserted that It worked evenly. Office holders must not use their offices to control political movements, must -not ' ! niif mr Of demned. f ifnc-elioldcrs nre neither dis- " t not use their offices to ' franchlred nor forbidden the exercise r : E'-nl movements, must noilof political privileges; but their privl '':. public dutlc. and must jlfges are not enlarged nor It their duty r ul:ic srand.il by their ac-, to party Increased to pernicious octlv 1 outside of the classified ity by offleeholdlng. . - -.Ti.rt to go further than A Just discrimination In this regard (ti 0 signally that I felt 'between the things a citizen may prop- t draw the distinction I rly do and the purposes for which a ' ti .iil." (letter or Prcsl-! public office should not be used Ii Jure 12. 19. frth. r Information on this ' irc-i Is enclosed. Wry rep-t fully, JNO. C. BLACK. , President. easy In the Il;ht of a correct apprecia tion of the relation between the people and those Intrusted with official place, and a consideration . of the necessity, under our form of government, of po litical action free from official coercion. effort to go further than this had fail ed so signally at the time when the Eleventh Report, which you have Quoted, was written, and its unwisdom had been so thoroughly demonstrated, that I felt It necessary to try to draw the distinction therein Indicated. Sincerely yours. - THEODORE, ROOSEVELT. United States Civil Service Commis sion. Washington. D. C. The postmaster general, on Octobex 1. 1902. Issued the following Instruc tions to the officer and employes en the postoffice department: and conflicts of interest In your ranks, you , are and you have been all these years absolutely helpless to give the people relief and to carry out your pledges. With this record would It not be well for you to look to the mote In your own .eye Instead of giving so much of your time to the one you think you ? see in your neighbor's eye? Mr. President, the -senator from Wis consin Mr. Spooner, In his speech on Saturday, charged not only myself, but other senators on this side who had spoken upon these post office frauds, with having been moved by partisan considerations than by a desire to sub serve the public Interests. The greatest protection which the people can .possi bly have against frauds and crimes In the executive departments In Washing ton would be afforded by requiring bonds of these officials and frequent examinations. Into the conditions of those departments. . I have argued and I now argue and Insist that, these, frauds will continue under. Republican ., or Democratic .ad ministrations as long as these precau- that the investigations already made have been thorough and complete. They know Bristow has been discredited as an investigator by a committee of his own . party In the House of the Con gress. You have the power to refuse this Investigation, but you haven't the (Continued ; on Page 16.) Write for our liquor catalogue. With it you've an entire liquor store at your elbow. It runs the entire gamut of all that's best to drink, that's distilled or brewed, It represent a stock without an equal. . The catalogue is free for the asking. Cascade Rye Whiskey, bottle at distillery, quarts $1.10, dozen qts, $12.0dJ H. O. Wise Private Stock Rye, qts., $1.00, gallon, $3.50. Rob Roy Rye, qts., J75c, gallon, $2.50. ( Monongahela Rye, qts., $50c, gallon, $2.00. Jacob's No. S Rye, qt3., 60c, gallons, $2.25. Jacob's Monogram Rye, qts., $1.25, gallon, $4.00. ;l Jacob's Private. Stock Corn, qts. $1.00, gallon. $3.50. Uncle Remus Corn, qts., $75c, gallon. $2.50. Hickory Nut Mountain Corn, qts., 60c., gallon, $2.23. Habbit Foot Corn, qts., 50c, . gallon. $1,50. Golden Shucks Corn, qts., 63c, jrMlnn. J2.33. , All goods packed in plain cases no marks to indicate contents or shipped as drugs If preferred. We ship everything subject to approval, returnable at our expense ana money refunded If found undesirable "or unsatisfactory. Atlanta, Ga. PAPER TALK! We mean wall paper, of course, for that is our business. Have you en our new and beautiful designs. The showing Is far ahead of j anything we have ever before attempted. We emp loy none but careful, neat, painstaking, expecrt workmen, and our prices are very little higher, if any, than you will have to pay elsewhere. .: . ' ' . ' - .' Window shades and curtain poles, all kinds. 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The Morning Post (Raleigh, N.C.)
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April 24, 1904, edition 1
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