.Post.
SECTION TWO
PAGES 9 to 16
BALEIGH. N. C. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 20, 1904
No. 75
- J -it- JOLHj XV 1L I y MJSM .
it ii ii-ii i f j ri i4 ii f iv-ii'ii i-vxi ri :. v
nnrnm i
V.
WILLIAM
ESIDENT
HROR
'S GIFT
jjiifess Delivered at the Unveiling of the Statu
of Frederick the Great in Washington in
Response to the German Am
bassador's Speech
DclivereJ In Washington, November 19, 1904
kinship with your own: a people ow
ing much to Germany; a people which,
I though with a national history far
shorter than that of your people, nev
ertheless, like your people, is proud or
the gTeat deeds of its past, and is con
fident in the majesty of its future I
most earnestly pray that in the com
j ingr years these two great nations shall
i move on toward their several destinies
knit together by ties of the heartiest
friendship and good will.
,.r MT.A APOR: Through you
X' V - K half of the people of the
;.a:, to thank His Majesty,
7.',.., r."np-?ror, and the people
,' v the sift to the nation
.'V j- iv- just delivered to me.
.'. ai-preciation of the
l-.-'-v' ri-cr.-.I v. hich it typifies for
; XJ . ; . t this Republic both on
; Eiv.poror and on the
iVr'man people. I accept
us the statue of one of
we feel that we have the right to be
legitimately proud, and. yet "our na
tionality is still in the formative per
iod. Nearly three centuries have
elapsed since the landing of the En
glish at Jamestown marked the begin
ning of what has since grown into the
United States.
During these three centuries streams
of newcomers from many different
cuontries abroad have In each genera
tion contributed to swell the Increase
routes;, soldiers of all j of our people. Soon after the English
:ate
ri therefore pecunarty appro
fcr plains in this War College,
v-n- it as the statue of a 2Teat
settled In Virginia and New England,
the Hollander settled at the mouth of
the Hudson and the Swede at the
a- w:; ?e life was devoted to the j mouth of t'ue Delaware. Even In 'cos
l -vice of a great people, and whose onial days the German element had
Cis h;-. ?toned the approach of the become very. strong among our people
.v w iu-r. a united Germany should in various parts of this . country; the
-a into bring. foothills of the Alleghanies; French
75 a soldier. Frederick the Great j foothills of the Alieghenies; French
very, very small group Huguenots were numerous.
Bv the
1 includes Alexander, Caesar and time of the Declaration of Indrpend-
r.r.iba! in antiquity, ana r apoieon, j ence that process of fusion which has
gone on ever - sinc was well under
way. From the beginning of our na
tional history men of German origin
or German parentage played a dis
tinguished part In the affairs both of
peace and of war. Jn the Revolution
ary war one of the leading generals
was Muhlenburg,. an American of
German descent, fust as among the
soldiers from a who came to aia
:tt. day established the mighty Ger- us one of the n... . prominent was the
-in Empire as among the foremost of ? German, Steuben. Muhlenburg was
rorld powers. We receive this girt
at the hands of the present Em
rrtcr, hirr.self a man who has mark
er added to the luster of his great
ruse and his great nation, a man who
in mat
'-dern times. He belonged to the an-i-t
and illustrious house of Hohcn
:ern. whkh after playing a strong
virile rart in the middle ages, and
-:;r producing some men, like the
-eat Eitotor, who were among the
,-v?t famous princes 01 xneir time,
the royal house of Prussia
funded
:to centuries a
go and at last In our
the first speaker of the House of Rep
resentatives; and the battle which in
the Revolution saved the valleys of
the Mohawk to the American cause
was foiight under the lead of the Ger-
ted his life to the welfare of man, Herkimer. As all the different
and who, while keeping -racss hers tsnd rapidly ,, to -fuse to-.
gether, it is rarely possible after one
or two generations to draw a sharp'
line between the various elements; but
there Is no student of our national
conditkms whp has failed to appreci-
r?l ready to defend the rights of
trf people, has also made It evident
it r:r.;hatic fashion that he and th?y
tor? peace and friendship with the
3".l.e: nations of the earth.
It is r.ot my purpose here to discuss ate what an available element in our
v. lergth the career of the mighty composite stock the German Is. Here
King and mighty general whose stat- on this platform," Mr. Ambassador,
ti v have just received. In all his- among those present to-day are many
t rr no other great commander save, men partly or wholly of German blood
r y Hannibal fought so long against and among the officers of the army
r: h terrible odds, and while Hannibal an(j navy who have listened to you
trally failed. Frederick finally tri- and who now join with me in greeting
cr ph-d. In almost every battle he you there are many Whose fathers or
'.r:zrx gsrair.st grreat odds, and he al- grandfathers were born in Germany,
sr. always wnn the victory. When and not a few who themselves first
r he rose to an even greater saw the lisht there.
i:im trari wne victorious, rne Each nation has its allotted tasks to
rr-rr.ry of the seven years' war will ao; each nation has its peculiar4diffl-
l--t a lor.j a? their lives in mankind culties to encounter; and as the peo-
i. ve of heroism, and its operations -pies of the world tend to become more
t:- stu-iied to the minutest detail closely knit together alike for gooa
-s I s; r.s the world sees a soldier aruj fOF evil, it becomes ever more im-
' r ry ff tht name, it is difficult to portant to all that each should pros-
whether to admire most the vie- per; for the prosperity of one is nor-
' -3 of Leuthen and Prague, Ross- rnally not a sign of menace, but a
fe:h and Zorndorf, or the heart-break- gjn of hope for the rest. Here on this
campaigns after Ku'nersdorf, whenCOntinent where-it is absolutely es-
:w ?r't King.- after having been sential that the different peoples com-
""'n to th" ground by the banded m& to our shores should not remain
v Luror-e. yet rose again and separate but should, fuse into one, our
ENGLAND'S LATITUDE
"
Few People Realize How Far
North It Is
(Birmingham Xews.j
"Few people realize how far north
Englaj i really Is, although the subject
is one of frequent discussion," said the
old geographer. "For example the lati
tude of London is so high that there is
no city on this continent sufficiently In
habited to compare with it. The farth
est point of New Foundland or the low
est end of Hudson Bay are points about
on the same parallel. The uppermost
point of Scotland is on a4line with the
lower end of Greenland, the land of 'icy
mountain fame. How many think of
Boston being of the same latitude as
Rome, Italy, or New York on a line
with Madrid, Spain. Birmingham's lat
itude is the same as that ot the Suez
canal, of Morocco, Algiers, and the up
per part of the Sahara desert, but there
isn't one man in a hundred who thinks
about it in this light.
"Of course the reason for England's
temperate climate is due to the Gulf
stream, which flows up the Atlantic
coast, and strikes across the ocean from
New Foundland. Passenger vessels al
ways take this upper course in going
to Europe to acquire the advantage of
its current. Without this stream Eur
ope, as we now know it, would be unin
habitable on account of the severely
cold weather. I recall once reading a
story of a fictitious war with England,
in which some genius drew off the
waters of the Great Lakes into the Mis
sissippi channel, by way of a canal,
thus forcing the Gulf stream south, and
freezing up the British Isles.
"A visitor to England would never im
agine its great latitude, for the climate
compares very well with that of New
York state, for instance. Porhaps the
most striking difference, and one which
gives an excellent Idea of the compara
tive closeness to the arctic circle, is the
length of the twilights. I have been in
Glasgow when the gloaming lasted un
til -after 11 o'clock ri night. .... Of course
street lights were necessary long before
this, but there was a perceptible twi
light, as It Is in' our own summer, a
half hour after the sun has gone down.
In the winter time, the nigats of course,
are correspondingly long."
Petroleum for use in consecration of
ores or metals, when brought in by
miners or -mining companies for their
own concentrating establishments may
be imported free of duty Into Canada,
NOVEL PHASE OF
COLIR QUESTION
How an Angry Traveler Re
sented being Tagged
(Julius Chambers in Brooklyn Eagle.)
An entirely novel phase of the "color
question" was presented to me on Sat
urday. I entered the train at the Cam
den station, Baltimore, to go to An
napolis. As on most Southern roads,
the car was divided' into two sections
labelled White" and "Colored". The
train which consisted of two cars, was
crowded. I could find only one seat,
and in it was an elderly man, with a
large grip, sack at his side. ' I asked
him if-1 might share the seat, and he
exclaimed: . .
'Certainly you may; and I must apo
logize for keeping the seat; but I am
so infernally angry that I cannot be
decent to anybody.",
"What has annoyed you?" I asked
with some hesitation.
"Enough to make any man mad!"
was tha answer.
"A cabman, perhaps?" I suggested.
"Not on your life. 'I took a car; but
do you see this big sign over my head?"
He wouldn't even dare to turn his
eyes upward, and he knew nothing
about the "colored" playcard at the
other end of the same car.
Directly above him tacked to the
side of the car, was a yellow card on
which was the word "White" In let
ters three Inches tall. I was about to
explain, when he burst out:
"Yes, I know what it says! It seems
to be necessary down here to be label
led 'white.' I resent it sir. Now I sup
pose you are a Southern man. I want
to say to you that I am 72 years old,
and a Democrat who never split a
ticket. But, sir, I do not stand for
anything like this, and if it wern't for
the fact that I am going to Annapolis
to see my grandson, who is in the
Academy, I'd tear that cursed poster
down and throw it out the window.
I come from Indiana, sir, where a
white man doesn't have to be tagged!
We mayn't have so many Democrats
there as we thought we had a week
ago; but sir. we do not' have to wear
labels, as you Southern -people do, In
order to be assured that we are 'white
I am mighty sore about this. It's
no wonder the colored . people resent
this sort of thing. They feel about it
, no doubt Just as I do. k I've got to
be a Democrat can't tA.ariy thing. else;
but I'm - not a Southern Democrat if
I've ( t to be labelled 'white' when
ever L ride in the cars. No sir-ee!"
This was not all the words the sen
sitive Indiana man used. I was very
much impressed with this entirely new
aspect of the race question.
knowledge, many market gardners
limit themselves exclusively to manure
obtained from city stables, and stable
manure, let it be never so good, it is
not a proper balanced fertilizer for
vegetables and cannot bring best re-
I suits. A good general fertilizer for
! all garden vegetables would be:
Acid phosphate...... 150 to 225 pounds
'sulphate of potash.... 250 to 375 pounds
Nitrate of Soda 150 to 225 pounds
Mix the phosphate and potash and
apply previous to planting; apply the
nitrate beside and around the plants
after crop is up.
If the grounds Is well supplied with
humus above amounts may be doubled
or troubled with manifest advantage.
In all cases, we most decidedly pre
fer to apply broadcast and by thor
ough preparation, thoroughly incorpo
rate the fertilizer with the soil. This
done, when drouth sets In whenever
the application was heaviest there the
crop will be the greenest, let the crop
b what it mav.
As muriate of potash-and cottonseed
meal are prepared by some, we sojourn
the following mixture:
Acid phosphate 700 pounds
Nitrate of Soda.... 300 pounds
Cotton-seed meal .750 pounds
Muriate of Potash ..250 pounds
Mix for one ton and apply from 1,000
to 2,000 pounds per acre. For potatoes,
leave out 150 pounds nitrate of soda
and add 150 pounds more of the mu
riate. Correspondence Rural World.
Rambling by Rail Prom
Raleigh to Birmingham
Story of Scenes and Incidents
Along the Way Glimpse at
the St. Louis Show The
. Beauties of the Land
scape Viewed From
Pullman Windows
! "They say 'love makes the world go
round,' " remarked the impecunious
lover.
j "Yea," said his bride-to-be.
' "But I don't see how love is going
to make my salary go round." Phil
adelphia Press.
The Boss I'm afraid you are not
qualified for the position; . you don't
know anything about my business.
The Applicant Don't I, though? I
keep company with your typewriter.
Chicago Journal.
Woman of the House You're not
one of these labor agitators, are you?
Goodman Gonrong (with his moUth
full of pie) No, ma'am. I'm a rest
agitator. Chicago Tribune.
AGRICULTURAL TALK
V.-
-t :V
1- .1 ,
1
" ar. exhibition of -skill, tenacity, en- unceasing effort is to strive to keep
jnng sucn as naa never an(j profit by the gooa tnai eaua
;f n seen united in one person, brings to our shores, and at the same
. y Gristed triumph from defeat, time to uo away with all racial and
V't or.;-.- rr.ust the military scholar al- religious animosities among the vari-
p'-s tin: to the career of Frederick Qus stocks. In 'both efforts we have
h 0 f, r lesson? in strategy and mt with an astonishing measure of
r.st only must the military ad- 'success. As the years go by it be-
, 7 a or allVaJ's turn to his career comes not harder but easier to live in
r :.s in org-anizing success; not pce and good will among ourselves;
r'J ll tlie lover of heroism read j firmly believe that it will also
T - 'f hi? jr.Uhty feats as long become not harder. but easier to dwell
' r ir ; f " for heroic deeds; in peace and friendship with the other
;; ; t;..--?-. ho ,,re not attracted nations of the earth. A young people,
I;, v ': '" ' tho soldier must yet, a people of composite stock, we have
the greatness of man, kinship with many different nations.
vire the lessons taught but wa are identical with none of
1 resolution, his in- them; and are- developing a separate
of purpose, his far- national stock as we have already de-
.' lofty ijossibilities, veloped a separate national life. We
:h;-r, unyielding deter- have in our veins the blood of the En
wing the path he had ciShman and the Irishman, the Ger-.
if eminently fitting and the Frenchman, the .Scotch-
of this iron soldier, man and tne Dutchman, the Scandina-
r of men, should find vian, the Italian, the Magyar, the Fin,
; War College; for when lhe Slav, so that to each of the great
-a and soldierly heroism powers of the old world we can claim
-rt point of achievement a more or less distant klnFh.-p by
horr, thoy are displayed blood; and to each strain of blood we
' r.ot mere'y to the na- ovve some peculiar quality in our ia-
; 1 ho sprarg. but to ail tlonal life or nation 1 ch-r c er. s
of shnwinr. and there- SUCh is the case it Is nat iral ih ;t w.
' ' appreciating the virile should have a peculiar fueling or near-
i virtue s which alone ncss to each of many p-op e a, r-vjs
r-. those dr-ad Ftrurg'e the water. We most "esme-tly wsn
i at iast had to the ar- .r only to 'vV unbroken our frlsna-
-rrrs. sMp for each, but so far as we con.
r ba-s-dor in accerfnT without giving offense by n appe r-
rv n us to-lay through alKe of meddling, to seek to bring
Oerman Emperor. I ac- about a better understanding ana a
r r,lv because it is the broader spirit of fair dealing and toi-
-5?hty and terrible sol- eration among all nations. it n
" lt it 'as a symbol or bcen my great pleasure, Mr. Amtoassa-
friendfrhip and good will dor. in pursuance of tnis ?V
u JC it Ii.. ia with you the first steps
jS-r e American m the negotiation of ttreaty of
" - aihv 5 ti H 1111
peoples. There is lv arbitration between -
k'ood between the two na- the United States. .
-i 'h- united States are of m closing, let me , thank you and
!m our veins runs the through you the German eror-ind
' - 'I the peoples of mid- the German people, for this l.,
western Europe . which I accept in the name of theAmj
hv u a history of which ' erican people; a peop-e claiming blood
Manurlal Value of Wood Ashes
! A large per cent of our farmers live
on the prairies and have not the
slightest concern in the value of wood
ashes. Quite a per cent, however live
in sections of the country where wood
is the only fuel, and still others where
large amounts of wood are burned in
log piles and the ashes go to waste.
It may be worth while to say
something on the value of wood ashes.
Like most other products, they vary
greatly, the ashes of hard wood be
ing worth much more than those of
soft wood, and all of them vary to
some extent with the manner in which
they .are burned, whether in fireplaces,
in grates, or in the open air. The sub
ject has not been very fully investiga
ted, but so far as investigations have
, been made they show that the ashes
of beech and hard maple, and to these
we presume might be added oak and
hickory, have a value of about 50 cents
ner hundred pounds, or $10 per ton,
computed on the current price of the
potash and phosphoric acid which they
j contain. Exchange.
pect of consumers for agriculture. The
subject of inoculating soil with nitrogen-gathering
bacteria went the
rounds of the farm press some time
ago, so.lt is by no means a new one to
those who keep posted in this line of
literature. Lately, however, other pa
pers and magazines have given space
to this important discovery and It has
: taken a new start. Many, who, have
perhaps, read and forgotten all about
it, are now wondering and inquiring
what this new discovery might be." It
is well worth investigating, as it bids
fair to become a very potent factor in
the agriculture of the future. That
farmers are capable of directing such
vital forces as this as well and suc
cessfully as they would guide the plow
handles has been of Inestimable val
ue In turning the attention of the pub
lic towards the farm. Exchange.
Application of Stable Manure
In other series of experiments ordin
ary open yard manure is used on the
corn and wheat crops in a five-year ro
tation of corn, oats, wheat, clover and
timothy, the manure being applied to
one plot at the rate of eight tons to
the acre for each application, or six
teen tons in five years, and to another
plot in half that quantity. This test
has been running for nine years, and
the result is that the larger applica
tion has brought increase of crop to
the value of $1.35 for each ton of man
ure, and the smaller one at the rate
of $1.83. This test has been duplicated
in several ways, and the results all
agree in showing conclusively that
where manure is scarce or expensive
it is better economy to spread it over
as much land as possible. This test
further shows the necessity for thor
ough distribution of the manure of the
best results are to be obtained.- In
spreading manure by hand It is prac
tically impossible to so distribute it
that there will not be greater inequal
ities than that shown by the four-ton
rates above r oned. Our first man
ure spreader' ' the "experiment sta
tion was bought for the purpose of se
curing in our comparative tests a more
uniform ' distribution of the manure
than we were able to obtain by other
means. We were accustomed to hand
ling large quantities of manure, and
believed that with a gang of five men
and two or three teams we could move
the manure more cheaply than with
the spreader. To our surprise, we
found that this is not the case, but
that with the spreader we distribute
the manure more uniformaly, and at
least quite as cheaply as can be done
in the old way. One of the advantages
of the manure spreader is that It is
always ready for work, and thus man
ure will 'often be gotten out at the
proper time, whereas it would be neg
lected if a wagon had to be prepared
to haul it. Everything considered, the
manure spreader is indespensible.
Charles E. Thorne, Ohio Experiment
Station.
The Vineyard
tr-
E--t
V.
St
I
-- -"..ran
Big Yie'eer
It is the large yields that give the
most profit, and it is the specialty far
mer who gets them. When a farmer
?ives his entire attention to the pro
luction of a single crop, whether It be
grain, fruit, cattle or poultry, he is
better prepared to and does give bet
ter care and more thought to this spec
ial crop. It costs very little more to
double the yield of a crop of grain or
fruit, and the resultant benefits of
much better quality, bringing the best
market price to the specialist. There
Is one objection to the method of farm
ing. In an adverse year the specialist
is liable to lose his entire crop, if It
should happen to be grain or. fruit.
But two unfavorable years rarely
come In succession, and the wise far
mer always has some other crop as re
source in case of failure.Exchange.
Foreign Grain Trade
One of the most surprising occur
rences in the history of the foreign
gruin trade has been the heavy de
crease in supplies from the United
States since the 1903 harvest and the
additional fact that this harvest pro-
; duced no serious results in the world's
markets. England is the largest im
porter of breadstuff s in the wond, and
the United "States has been for years
her chief source of supply, sending
over half the wheat and three-fourths
of the flour for the British people
Last year our percentage , of wheat
dropped from 54 to 27 per cent and
up to the present date this season his
decline has taken art additional mo
mentum. We are now sending only
about ten per cent of the total Imports.
The deficit has been made up by Ar
gentina, British India, Canada and the
Australian even the latter country, in
spite of its remoteness, having sent
more than ourselves. It predicted that j
the supplies from Hussla will this year
exceed those from the United States.
Exchange.
Question of Soil
The question of soil inocculatlop has
done a great deal to increase the pros-
. A Balanced Fertilizer
' We have this much to say about pot
ash for the reason that to our certain
It is a curious fact that a seedling
grape is seldom of the same type as
the grape which produces the seed
from which it is grown. A dozen seeds
from the same grape, if planted, will
probably produce as many different
kinds of fruit, ranging all the way
from white to deep purple. More than
likely, all of them will be worthless,
either for eating or wine making. Viti
culturists declare that if they get one
valuable type from ' a thousand seed
lings the?- are quite satisfied. When a
good type is developed it is propagated
by cuttings, which always remain true
to the parent type. It was by taking
advantage of this fact that the pres
ent great varieties of the American
grapes have been developed. Ex
chanse. This is the time of the year when
hundreds of tons of grapes are being
pressed Into wine throughout the
country. It is a fact, not generally
known that, next to California, New
York is the greatest grape growing
State in- the Union, and so far as
quality is concerned, it is claimed that
the Eastern products is superior.
Quantities of wine are annually pro
duced in California and much of it
is of high grade, but in the trade as a
rule, the California product Is regard
ed as cheaper and less meritorious
whether this be due to lack of capital
or to impatience to put the wine on the
market before it is properly matured.
Some idea of the relative ( quality of
the output of the two States can be
gained from the statistics as to quantity
and value. New York produces every
year about 500,000 gallons of wine, and
California some 2,000,000 gallons, and
yet the value of the Eastern output
is $3,000,000, while that of California,
with a quantity four times as great,
is only $5,000,000.
The Dairy
Making Butter at Home
The Illinois State Buttermakers' As
sociation, organized by farniers' wives
(Continued on Page Ten.) .
Birmingham, Ala.. Nov. 18.
To the Editor: Our little party left
Raleigh on the 10th. Our route was
over the Southern via Asheville, N. C
Knoxville, Tenn., at which place we
tarried a sufficient length of time to
stroll about and to some extent In
spect that prosperous town.
The country between Knoxville and
Lexington, Ky., is hilly, the little val
leys between the numerous hills hav
ing the appearance - of having been
well cultivated, but shorn of its green
vegetation which must have made
them beautiful earlier in the season.
This . was made up, however, by the
autumnal tints of the forests on the
hillsides. Nowhere, except in the
famed' White Mountain section, have I
seen such an exhibition of color. Ev
ery variety of brown from the softest
sepias, of the many varieties of oak,
to the darkest of brown tints of the
gums. The bright yellows of the hick
ory intermingled with the scarlets or
the maple, the gray moss covering the
rocks and ledges, interspersed here
and there and everywhere with Troad
patches of beautiful pine green, pres
ent a thousand scenes worthy the
brush of the finest landscape painter.
I heartily commend this route to
young gentlemen who are traveling
with their sweethearts, not only on
account of the great beauty of the
country, but for another season.
There are no less than twenty-seven
nice, dark (very dark) tunnels be
tween Knoxville and Lexington, each
affording ample time . in 'which to
"steal a kiss and allow the sweetheart
to recover her poise."
It was dark when we reached Lex
ington, so that save getting a very
nice supper at Seelbach's in . Louis
ville, wo saw none of the glories of
the state famous for Its beautiful
women, brilliant men and strong bev
erages. Arrived at St. Louis - at 7 ; 30
a. m- Saturday morning, as advertised,
our train being "on tlmeV. and after
securing a habitation, which we. ac
complished without any great loss of
time, we took our way to the expo
sition grounds. We , made the trip
around the grounds first, and then
visited the varied industries and
strolled up the Pike. The weather
was so Intolerably cold, however, that
we did not "enjoy ourselves" to any
superlative extent. So much has been
said and written about the 'fair that
I am sure nothing I can say will bo
of Interest to you. Monday afternoon
we were assigned quarters for our
trip to Mexico. Through the kindness
and friendship of Mr; KIrkpatrick, tho
madame and I were assigned a state
room, so we shall make the journey
under very favorable circumstances.
Assembled at. our train we met many
old and valued friends whose cordial j
greetings warmed our hearts an3 '
made us feel that life is worth living.
Left St. Louis at 5 p. m., reaching
this busy town at 8:30 Tuesday morn
ing. Our convention met at 11 a .m. Tha
mayor in a nice speech tendered us a
welcome and the freedom of the city.
After the reply to the address of wel
come and a speech from the Presi
dent of the Association the convention
adjourned, with notice that at 3 p. m.
cars would b in waiting to take ,us to
Ensley, to visit the steel furnaces and
rolling mills, where we saw the pro
cess of converting iron into steel and
rolling the steel into rails. The pre- (
cess is most interesting and im-;
pressive. The iron is put into
large- mortar shaped furnace ;
swung on a trunnion exactly like a mli
tary or gun mortar. The coke, dolomite
and such other necessary ingredients ,
are added, which being ignited, is sub
jected to a powerful blast. At first
dense black smoke rolls out of the
mouth of the furnace, gradually getting
less In quantity and lighter in color un-1
til the . smoke disappears and a bright
flame shoots, up. As the heat Is in
creased, sparks of molten metal appear,
and shortly, under the intense heat,
2,800 to 3,000 degrees, and the increased
force of the blast, a wonderful and
brilliant pyrotechnic display is given. If
you can imagine a huge willow tree,
with trunk of flame, and forks and
limbs, and- drooping twigs of minute
sparks, varying in color from dull red
to the brilliancy of an electric spark of
molten metal, changing in form every
instant, you have some idea of the spec
tacle presented. This great heat and
blast is supposed to burn and force out
all the impurities from the iron, the
steel, being heavier.remains in the fur
nace. It is then put into another fur
face and subjected to a similar process,
when manganese (and other substances,
if necessary) is added to give the steel
tensile strength and also stiffness.
These second furnaces, when the heated
metal is ready, are lifted bodily by Im
mense moving cranes and the molten
mass is drawn off from "the bottom into
moulds. These moulds are made of
some .sort of fire proof clay, j& re about
four feet high and 12 or 14 inches square
on the inside open at both ends. They
stand on end on cars having heat proof
floors (small platform cars). This is
called "jacketing." After the steel cools
the "jackets" are removed. This is
done by hydraulic power, and takes an
immense force. The force is applied to
"the jacket or mould,' on the outside, to
pull it off, and at the same' time pres
sure Is applied to the end of the steel
to push It out of the mould. This mass
of steel is called an ingot, and Is taken
to the heating oven, where it is heated
to the proper degree for being rolled
into rails. This process ; is most Inter
esting but must be seen to be under
stood. The superintendent tells me that
no finer steel rails are mads In the
world than are sent out from these
works. It requires 15,000 coke ovens to
supply the coke for the steel furnaces.
He told me many things of interest, Il
lustrating the difficulties to be met and
overcome In a mammoth enterprise of
this sort, but I can not devote too much
time to this one branch. We passed a
very pleasant and interesting afternoon
at the plant. Wednesday morning the
ladies of our party, . with as many gen
tlemen as chose to go, were taken over
the city by the various trolley lines.
The trip was much enjoyed. There are
many fine residences and some fine
streets. In the afternoon a reception, by
the "Country Club" from 3 to 7 gave
all an opportunity to meet many of the
ladies. and gentlemen of the city and to
enjoy a spread of good things to eat
and drink.
Birmingham has had a phenomenal
growth and . deserves mention as the
"Iron City" of the south. Some of the
statistics given by the mayor In his
welcoming speech are fabulous almost,
to-wit: The coal and Iron tonnage of
the "Birmingham district" 1 equal to
the entire wheat crop of the "west, ?nd
during the past year was four times the
tonnage of the entire cotton op of the"
south. Birmingham has more than 75,
000 wage earners employed in mh,es and
manufacturing concerns, who receive
nearly $3,500,000 monthly. How is that
for a pay roll for a town really but a
score or so of years old? The Individ
ual deposits in one bank alone are six
millions. Birmingham has 106 miles of
street railroads. In 1890 the population
was 80,000; 'tis now 180,000. Many other
interesting facts were given. I give the
above because they are so surprising to
me. There are other lines of manufac
tories quite as important and more
profitable, invested capital considered,
than the steel works. This Is a city
well worth visiting as an example off
what can be done in the south.". We
leave .this afternoon . for Montgomery.
Will write you again from Houston or
Sah Antonio, Tex. V - '
D. H. A.
WHY IT IS EXPENSIVE
Peculiar Conditions About
New York Hartjor
(From the Wall Street Journal.)
The New York port and Its f acilitle
differ from those of almost any, other
port on the Atlantic or Gulf coast. At
other ports the physical facilities are
such as to make the transfer from boat
to rail at the least cost. The railroads
either own or are directly connected
with shipping docks where transfers
are made directly. The freight passes
through very largely in unbroken con
signments on through bills of lading, so
that the functions of the port are little
more than the physical transfer ot
freight.
New York, on the other hand, Is a.
break bulk port, where ownership1
changes very largely, especially on
west-bound freight. The ships Carry
freight at berth rates Instead of In car
go lots at cargo rates. Their tonnage
is of a more diverse character, and the
freight is assembled from different rail-v
roads and from many points to the
ship's side. There is not direct connec
tion from the rail to the ship. This sys
tem of assemblage is very expensive,
requiring an immense fleet of harbor
craft. These craft are barges having
an average capacity of 250 tons. The
largest is that of the New York Central,
which, in the case of a few of Its boats,
reaches a capacity of 600 tons. These
barges are propelled by tugs. The har
bor fleet of barges, perhaps, number 800!
to 1.000.
,We find the mere cost of barge ser
vice is about 25 ents per ton, By a
fair estimate, the power to move these
barges, costs for 'ttages, fuel, supplies.
Interest and depreciation about 50 per
cent, of the cost at the barges.-' This
brings the cost pei ton up to 87 cents
to 40 cents. If we dd the expense off
second handling inoWental to this spe-"
cial service, we have a -cost per ton off
10 cents more at the minimum. All
told, the lighterage Impost amounts to
about 45 to 50 cents par ton. This Is a
direct charge against all tonnage hand
led through New York harbor which
has no offset at porta having direct rail
and ship connections.
!
Elderly Party Doitt you think au
tomobiling a poor for mof exercise for
young men?
Miss Quickstep I don't know. It
it seems to be good for "the arms
Chicago Tribune. - .
Dr. Jaques Bertillon, the famous
chief of the statistical bureau of Paris
has written a volume entitled "AJco
holism and the Way to Fight It"
Drink, he declares, is likely to prove
the ruin of the French , race, unless
something is done to ovweome. the
habit.
i
; i :
."