.- t ,
Leather today :
Cnr n'tM
I
rt ( A 'l ft h m
for na-a
Fair
HALfEIG-H, N. C, SATURDAY, APRIL 29, 1906.
No. 128
g 1 mm ivioliJN JMO . JtfO ST -.ar 1
i .
Win
sfon to
ublic
P
Abandons Fight to Have.Gov
ernmentiBuy Court House,
tnd Accepts Old Appro
priation of $60,000.
Gen. Ainsworth's .
Book
- -By
THOMAS J. PENCE
Get Her ;
I). C, April 28 Spe-
Salem has abanaoneu.
f:a'7cnt"to have the government pur
t:'e""'. Qtwiv court house for a
. building, and at the instance
Wr.tatives of the city author!
' La .y board of trade, the super-
s architect of the
afternoon to
treasury de
adyeriise for
building1 to be erect-
purchased under au-
J nti Til
a 1
four "voars ago xor tut? eiec-
. . , hminincr m the twin
500.000 appropriation
then'-'
tion
Citi'-
p-de for this" 'project, but the peoplo
fVinstor.-Sn'.em thought they were
Lid' to a bettor building, and they
-inhered tli- county court house
0'Je desirable in every way for the
c?7ro?t of'ici. and for that reason
they never took advantage of it. The
pVchase of the court house was vig-c-cu?:y.
urped. but it is against the
policy'. of the government to buy sec
ond "and build ii gs for its purposes,
jxd there was little hopo that congress
wuld be induced to set the prece
cir.:. .
Rfalizin? the futility of further ef
fort in this direction, it was decided
tp take advantage of the old appro
priation, -.vhich means a public build
ir? at a comparatively early date.
The situation was laid before Mr.
Taylor, the supervising architect, this
afternoon by W. T. Brown represent
ing the city and aldermen and R. "VV.
Gcrrell of the board of trade. He
congratulated them on their 'decision,
and stated that he would ask for bids
M an early- date for the construction
5f the building, the plans of which
fere drawn .several years ago. - These
provide for a very subtantial two
story building, with post office, court
ind revenue accommoda-tions. The
site on 'which the. new building will be
located was purchased at a cost of
C$50. This leaves $5G,000 for the
Mdir.g. However, an additional ap
propriation may -be obtained from the
new congress, which would give tha
city a rrcre pretentious structure at
least one more ornamental. The pub
lic building bill that' failed of passage
last wintea contained a $15,000 appro
priation for the "Win-ston-Salem pro
ject, -
Speaking of theituation while at the
treasury dc partment,Mr. Brown said:,
"Our arrowing city is in urgent need
f a commodious public building and
Kir people decided they would not wait
fcger. While the appropriation avail
ib'e is nothing like what, we desire, we
decided to take any old thing. We
have been fighting for a public build
ing for 20 years, during which time we
have paid into the federal treasury for
ty million dollars."
General Ainsworth, the military sec
retary, has Just completed one of the
most valuable and interesting publi
cations issued by the . government in
a long while. It is a pamphlet con
taining a mass of information in re
gard to the general officers who served
in the armies of the Confederate
states from 186 to the close of the
war in 18t5. The statements were
compiled from the official records and
are complete in every particular, giv
ing the date of the appointment to
each officer, together with informaion
regarding his services.
With reference to the policy of the
administration to force the separation
of organization Republicans from the
servtfee, the Star, the administration
organ here, said this afternoon:
"It is said to be the intention of
the postmaster general to issue a cir
cular to all postmasters, in which
they will be instructed in the rules of
the civil service, after which, if they
do not possess the proper amount and
quality of "gray matter to comprehend
their meaning, it is more than likely
that they will be relieved from their
duties in the government service and
permitted to devote" theifr entire time
and labors to the political organiza
tions with which they - chance to be
affiliated."
Commander, McCrea, Inspector In
charge of the light house service in
this district, announces the appoint
ment of Mr. John Rose to be keeper
of Wreck Point beacon light, N. C.,
succeeding N. V. Midgett, who has re
tired from the service.
The president, today appointed the
following North Carolina postmasters:
Daniel McLeod at Carthage, Drury W.
Deweese at Murphy, j
Fourth class postmasters were
named as follows James E.Estep at
Amelia, Alleghany county; Joshua W.
Wood, Holyfield, Surry county; James
Disson, Ham, , Bladen county.
Rural delivery routes were author-
in Boston yesterday to advocate the
representation of Massachusetts at
the Jamestown Exposition in 1907. He
appeared before the legislative com
mittee, on federal relations during the
afternoon and made a strong address
in favor of having Massachusetts,
erect, a state building at Jamestown.
He left here last evening, apparently
in his usual health.
Change for the Worse
Washington, . April 28. At 11 o'clock
tonight there has been a change for
the worse in General Fitzhugh Lee's
condition, and the opinion was express-
Led at the hospital that his chances of
recovery were very poor.
Career of General Lee
General Lee was bhorn at Clarmont,
Fairfax county, NVa., November 19,
1835, his father being a brother of the
late Robert E. Lee. He was graduat
ed from the tjnited States Military
Academy in 1856, commissioned a sec
ond lieutenant In the second cavalry
and saw considerable service against
the Indians, receiving a severe wound
in one engagement. He was ah in
structor at the West Point Academy
when the civil war began, but resigned
his command and joined the Confed
eracy. He was made adjutant general
of E well's brigade and in September,
1861 was appointed colonel of the First
Virginia Cavalry. He participated in
all the battles of northern Virginia
1861-'2 was made brigadier general in
1862 and major general the next year.
At the battle of Winchester he had
three horses shot under him and was
severely wounded. In 1865 - he com
manded the army of Northern Vir
ginia until he surrendered to Gen Mead
at Farmville. "
General Lee was elected governor of
Virginia in 1886, serving until 1890. In
1893 he was appointed United States
consul at Havana by President Cleve
land, and was retained by President
McKinley until the declaration of the
was with Spain. His conduct of the
detail questions preceding the war was
the subject of high praise.
In May, 1898, he was appointed major
general of volunteers, and after the
conclusion of peace was made military
governor of Havana. Subsequently
congress by a special act in 1901 made
him a brigadier general in the regular
army for the purpose of placing him
Wentworth A.
lotte, Jqhn A. .Mills
is such upon the retired list, which was
izea today to begin operation June l ! done in March of that year.
as ioaows: Koute ino. i irom .tsain,
Beaufort county; route , No. 6 from'
Greenville, Pitt county.
North Carolina arrivals Include Rep
resentative 'Pou, G. L. Morton of Wil
mington, ex-Judge Spencer B. Adams
of Greensboro, Reuben D. Redd of
R. Newcombe of Ohar-
and Charles H.
Gattis of Raleigh, W. J. Craig and
W. H. Malloy of Wilmirgton and Mr.
and Mrs. J. R. Rountree.
Mrs: George Mercer, of Washington
Circle, will leave Washington this:
week for a visit to Durham, N. C.
Marriage license was issued to John
W. Brown -of Charlotte and Elizabeth
R. Hendricks pf this city today.
Arguments in the case of the Wells
Company of Mississippi vs. the Gas
tonia & Avon Mills was completed in
the United States supreme court to
day. J. Hirsch and C. W. Tillett spoke
for the "plaintiffs, while Assistant Dis
trict Attorney Augustus H. Price ap
peared for the defendants. About$70,
000 is involved in the litigation.
Gen. Fit
ZillU
BP
Lee
Died
Suffered Stroke of Appoplexy
between Boston and New
York-Went on to Washington-Death
Came at
11:20 in Provid ence
Hospital
era;
Wharton r r.
- --, . v.., April 48. VjtCII-
hai ra. UV tomsht at 11:20. He
th rt"a; -'ne'i consciousness throughout
-'"- ins nnrurn v otmnir
- -
We had
that
Jd his nhvsiriians tr
there wa htmo for his
There W .I ? n r o-ar .K o r, .-v
At V' Until latcr tnis even"
iir,Clfk the attening phy-"Gn-r
'the Allowing bulletin:
t-,oi- oirheult and pulse is not as
fcXi brame aPParent that the
l-.v
av
at fh(
and he passed peacefully
nour named, surrounded
hint rtmj-fnen'ls of the family.
SRhUr 1 April 2S.-General Fitz-
anc-cir j , " UI,ie(icrate. cavalry com-
-- iuc civil
war, former gov-
a. a veteran of thr;i
'r'ra! of , )V: a retired brigadier
1):r? da, United States army, is
feitPi 7v,Rly U1 at Providence
karrivni re he was taken upon
frjsto
'J I'll.
. : tit
Vv'ashington today from
thle timfl 'an
suffered,
on thp
a stroke of ap
federal expres3
W 1 rr 1 . ... 1 a n . , - . .
mfivv,;.- "-, aim ai a o ciock
atMottT; 'hen the train arrived
Han,, wf VOn n Harlem River, phy-
-,n, Ummoned. He was con-
"Brnr.,. ' uc'0,-dcd
Urnov t . J---iea to continue the
iaap.j Uaphington where the
fcoa' r at tcn 0'clock in the af-
ll On v,
nc train 1I1P renmvoH
medical attention from Dr Richard
C. Cabot of Boston and Dr. Schull of
the Pennsylvania Railroad.
News of - General Lee's illness was
telegraphed to the war department,
and when the train pulled into the
Pennsylvania station, a group of phy
sicians and friends were there. Sur
geon General O'Reilly of the army sent
three surgeons, Majors Kean, Edie
and Mason, and among others who
were at the station were Major Michie
of the general staff. Prof. Harry St.
George Tucker of George Wahington
University; Major1 Holmes Conrad,
former solicitor general of the United
States and Major Robert W. Hunter
of Virginia. During the process of
carrying him from the station to the
hospital General Lee retained con
sciousness, but his condition wras re
garded as alarming. At one o'clock
Major Edie of the army, one of the
attending physicians, issued a bulle
tin saying that General Lee had suf
fered a stroke of apoplexy but re
mained conscious. The general's
whole left side is affected by paraly
sis. While alarmingly ill, the physi
cians believe that he has a cnance o"
recovery. He is C8 years old.
General Lee went to Boston to urge
the Commonwealth of Massachusetts
to erect a building at the Jamestown
Exposition. He is ( president of the
exposition company and has been
working for the success of the project
in New York, Pennsylvania and other
states. He left Boston last evening
for Washington, where he was to be
joined by Mrs. Lee. She has been no
tified, as her son,;iGeorge, an officer,
who is in San Francisco preparing to
sail for the Philippines.
Since becoming connected with the
Jamestown Exposition. . . General Lee
has made his. home inT Norfolk.
Surgeon General O'Reilly went to the
hospital this afternoon . and partici
pated in the consultation of physi
cians over General-Lee's condition.
FOUR BEARS THURSDAY
Roosevelt's Massage to Sec'y
Loeb He Rests Till
Monday
Glenwood Springs, Col., April 28.
President Roosevelt communicated
with Secretary Loeb this afternoon and
gave a quietus to the reports that .he
as in ill health. His message came
over the telephone, the president
dictating It to Courier Chapman, who
rode from the camp to a near-by
ranch. The president's message in
part was as follows: "We got four
bears yesterday. All are well." -
The rest of the president's message
related to public matters and was to
night communicated to Secretary of
War Taft.
the West Sixty-eighth street station.
who made the arrest, said that he fol
lowed the machine from Riverside
Drive and tSeventy-second street to
Broadway and Sixty-eighth street.
The arrest was made within a couple
of blocks of -Mr. Duke's residence, at 11
West Sixty-eighth - street.. He asked
the policeman to allow him to be tak
en - home, as he was lame. The police
man went along and Mr. Duke sent his
valet with $100 cash to the police sta
tion to bail Grasser out.
The driver is French and had diffi
culty in understanding the magistrate,
whose usual lecture was wasted on
him. He asked Grasser if he ever stop
ped his machine to, allow pedestrians
to cross the road in front of him, or
if he tooted his horn and expected
them to run for their lives. After some
trouble Grasser comprehended the
question and said he had stopped to let'
people cross in front of him.
"If you ever did," said Magistrate
Crane, "you deserve the biggest medal
in New York."
Grasser was held in $300 bail for trial.
Mr. Benjamin N. Duke, brother of J.
B. Duke, appeared to bail out Grasser.
He said that his brother's lameness was
occasioned by a recent surgical opera
tion on his foot. As security for Gras
ser he gave 'the $500,000 house at
Eighty-second street and Fifth avenue.
AWFUL CHARGE
AGAINST THEM
Mr. and Mrs. Shepard Knapp
Smith Arrested for Bsat- .
ing Child to Death
New York, April 28. Mrs. Shepard
Knapp Smith, formerly a New York
girl, daughter of a well known family,
is ImnrisoriPil in MnnrVipeter Ta ar.A
her husband was arrested in this city j but that she
today and locked up at police head
quarters to await extradition. They
are charged, with beating to death
their five year old son. Mrs. Smith
expressed no regret at her act.
Mrs. Smith was formerly Miss Es
telle Townsend, daughter of Mrs.
Charles Townsend of this city. The
Townsends are ; well known southern
ers, and Mrs. Smith has three broth
ers prominent in financial and profes
sional circles. A brother of Mr. Smith
is president of ..the Hygei Pure Dis
tilled Water Company of this city.
to
attersoial3)(giii
Seiase
Prosecution Has Put in its
Case Mrs. Smith Refuses
to Testify Against Her
Sister, Altheugh Guar
anteed that Conspira
cy Case Would be ,
Dropped
Newcastle, Col., April 28. President
Roosevelt did not participate in the
hunt today, according to a telephone
message received from a rancher living
close to camp Roosevelt. It is further
stated that he intends to rest until
Monday.
J. B. DUKE'S
CHAUFFEUR ARRESTED
President of American Tobac
co Co. Was Taking Initial
Spin in New Auto
New York, April 28. Romar Grasser,
of 30 West Sixty-sixth street, who
drives an automobile for James 15.
; Duke, president of the American To
, bacco Company, was arraigned in the
West Side court today, charged with
running his machine at 22 miles an
hour. The automobile was a brand new
40 horse-power car that Mr. Duke had
just paid the duty on, and he was tak
ing his initial spin in it at the time
of the arrest. A bicycle policeman of
THE EDUCATION
CONFERENCE OFFICERS
Ex-Gqv. Aycock Vice-Presi-o
dent-Clarence H. Poe on
Executive Committee
Columbia, S. C, April 28. Robert C.
Ogden of New York was unanimously
re-elected president of. the Conference
for Education in the South at this j
morning's session of that body. Chas. 1
B. Aycock, former governor of North
Carolina, was elected vice president.
These gentlemen compose the execu
tive committee for the ensuing year:
S. C. Mitchell,, Virginia; H. L. Whit
field, Mississippi; S. J. Bowie, Ala
bama; R, B. Cousins, Texas; C. H.
Poe, North Carolina; B. :C. Caldwell,
Louisiana; C. P. Bibson, Georgia; R.
H. Jesseman, Missouri; J. H. Hinne
man, Arkansas; D. B. Johnson, South
Carolina. ,
B. J. Baldwin, Alabama, was elected
Secretary and W. A. Blair cf North
Carolina, treasurer. -
Asheville and Greensboro, N. C,
Lexington, Ky., and Austin, Tex., pre
sented claims for the next annual ses
sion. A decision will be announced
later. Edward M. Shephard of New
York was among the speakers af to
night's session, after which the con
ference adjourned.
New York.cAprll 28. Nan. Patterson
through , her counsel , has decided to
leave her fate with the jury without
making any defense to the charge that
on 7 the morning of June 4th last she
murdered Bookmaker Caesar Young in
a cab. This decision was arrived at
this: afternoon after the prosecution
had put in its case, and after a lot of
new evidence, considered very damag
ing to the chorus girl, had been intro
duced. From the prosecution's standpoint the
principal witness against the prisoner
was her sister, Mrs." Julia- Smith, the
wife of J. Morgan Smith. Three pieces
of jewelry, two of which had been giv
en to her by her mother, Mrs. Smith
identified as belonging to her. Pawn
tickets were admitted in evidence
showing that the jewelry had been
pawned in Hyman Stern's pawnshop,
where the revolver was bought on June
3, the' day before Young, was killed.
Mrs. Smith swore that she had given
the jewelry to her husband to pawn,
did not know where he
had placed it
The pawn tickets were dated October
5, 1904, and by a number of questions
Assistant District Attorney Rand, tried
to show that they were renewal tick
ets. It 'was not claimed by Mr. Rand
that the jewelry had been pawned the
day before the shooting, although by a
series of questions in an attempt to
confuse Mrs. Smith, he asked her if
she did not know that the jewelry had
been pawned on that day.
When Mr. Levy demanded of Mr.
Rand to produce , any tickets dated
June 3, Mr. Rand admitted that he did
not have any.
All this testimony was brought out
after Mr. Rand had promised Mrs.
Smith to free her on the indictment for
conspiracy if she would answer a' num
ber of questions about what happened
after she and her husband fled from
this city soon after Young was killed,
and a day or two before Nan Patter
son was indicted for murder. When
Mr. Rand offered to have the conspira
cy indictment against her dismissed,
the scene was one that stirred every
one in the court room.
Mr. Rand asked her if. she left this
city on June 8, four days after Young
was killed.- She answered, that she
would be pleased to tell him if it had
not been that she was under indictment
for conspiracy, and that any answer
she made might tend to degrade or con
vict her of a crime. With his arms out
stretched and in a tone most pleading,
Mr. Rand walked until he was dijectly
in front of the "vrttnees: An4 is -that:
your only reason?" he asked.
She paused, shifting her eyes from
her sister to Mr. Levy: "Tei, sir. it
ia she answered hesitatingly.
Mr. Rand stepped back and In a
solemn tone, told her that h was the
aoting district attorney and that he
would guarantee her that if $he an- "
swered his questions, he . would inwne
diately have the indictment aarainst her,
dismissed. She smiled at him, it seem-;
ed approvingly, and asked if she might
consult with her counsel, Herbert R,
Limberger, before answering. ;.Thi
was accorded her, and after a -five min
ute conference with Mr. LImberger she,
returned to the stand. Mr. Rand . re
peated the question several times, first
coaxingly, then threateningly. Finally,
grabbing the arms of the ohair and
straightening herself until she became
almost rigid, Mrs. Smith answered de
fiantly: "No, sir, I will not; I will
stick by my sister."
" After that Mrs. Smith, declined to
answer some two score questions, tak
ing refuge in her privilege. After' be
ing on the stand all day she felt weak,
but still defiant. v
"I feel good,"v shesaid," but at the
finish I think they, had me a little
bit rattled.".
With, the exception of Mrs. Margaret
Young, who was witness for only a
few moments, Mfrs. Smith was 'on the
stand all day. Mrs. Smith said she
knew that Hyman Stern was . in
Toronto in March last, but she denied
that she knew he .was there for the
purpose vof trying to "identify either
Her or her husband. ' . -
A letter which was marked for iden
tofication, but not admitted in evi-,
dence or read to the Jury, she said was
in her handwriting. - That letter was
supposed to have some reference to
Stern. Another letter which she said
was in her handwriting, was also in-,
troduced"by Mr. Rand, but nof ad
mitted in evidence, nor was it read to"
the jury. This letter, Or a section of
it is supposed to show that she wrote
to her husband telling him to stay
away as "I am not trusting to my
own judgment,- but am simply acting
under L and U's order,1 as you are." "
When Mr. Rand got -through with
Mrs. Smith, he announced that the
prosecution's case was Jn. -It was then
a few minutes after 4 "o'clock.- '
Mr. Unger made 1 the v usual motions
for the dismissal of the indictment on
the ground that no - crime had been
shown ' to have been - committed, - that
Mr. Rand had- failed to make good his
promise in this opening-that J. Morgan
Smith bougrit the pistol, and that evi
dence had not been submitted to show
that the prisoner ' killed Young. In
answering this , argument Mr. Rand
said that the manner . In which Young
had been killed was in itself enough
to submit the case to the jury. It
was a question he said, of whether
the man or the woman fired the pistol.
"I did not state that I would prove
that J. Morgan Smith bought the pis
tol," Mr. Rand said. "I knew what
i r
(Continued :on page two.)
g?usssort Fleet Sighted
Off Gape Varela Thursday
May Proceed Toward Vladi-
vostack Left Kamranh
Bay Provisioned for Six
Months Foreign Offi
cers Traning Crews
Tokio, April 28.-5 p. m. The Russian
second Pacific squadron was sighted
yesterday off Cape - Varela, seventy
miles north of Kamranh Bay.
100,000 TROOPS
IN ST. PETERSBURG
Paris, April 28. One hundred thou
sand troops are massed in St. Peters
burg in anticipation of popular dis
turbances on May 1. Last night, 1,500
arrests were made.
Governor General Trepoff has Issued
pav no attention to rumors of what that Admiral RojestvensKy is sua uu
may be expected next Saturday. He Kamranh Bay. awaiting the arrival of
says that any attempt to create a dis-, the third Baltic squadron. It is as-
sumeu iiiiii mo wuti , uivuU -
bound, will pass Singapore Sunday or
early Monday morning. France main
tains that it can not prevent the Rus
sians from cruising off Kamranh Bay
outside territorial waters.
Still Off Kamranh Bay
London. April 28. The meagre infor
mation here is regarded as indicating
turbance will be ruthlessly suppressed, i
Sixteen Miners Killed by
Explosion at Eleanora Shaft
Made Strong Address in Boston
Boston Anril 28. General Lee
was
Dubois, Pa., April 28 Sixteen .men
were killed and one will die as the re
sult of an explosion at the Eleanora
shaft near Big Run. The shaft is lo
cated one and a half miles from Big
Run on the Buffalo, Rochester & Pitts
burg Railway, twelve miles south of
here. -
The mine is owned and operated by
the Rochester and Pittsburg Coal and
Iron Company, and is a comparatively
new shaft, having been open two years.
The mine was thought to be free
Provisioned for Six Months
Saigon, April 28. Admiral Rojestven
sky's fleet left Kamranh Bay on Wed
nesday evening. Its destination is not
Greek, German, Italian, English, Scotch
and Chilian nationality, who soon
taught their trade to. the inexperienced
crews. It may be expected that these
foreigners will constitute an Important
element of strength in case of a battle.
Russians Seize British Steamer
London, April 28. Lloyd's agent at
Calcutta telegraphs that the Russians
have captured off the Annamese coast
the British steamer Beatrice, laden
with a cargo for Japan.
Total Japanese Lost
Tokio, April 28 Ex-Prime Minister
Okuma, addressing the committee of
the progressive party appointed to aid
the wounded, said that the Japanese
wounded and sick since the beginning1
of the war numbered between 200,000
and 300,000. The deaths in action and
from disease numbered 50,000. He
warned the public that the prolongation
of the war was to be expected.
from dangerous gases. The litffit c.h.ft i known. The fleet had a reserve or pro
was small, or there would have been j visions sufficient for six months. It is
more fatalities. Every man who was1.-! believed the Russians will steer out to
in the mine at the time of the explo- the Pacific and make their way towards
sion e-ccept one was killed. The men j Vladivostok. Admiral Niebogatoffs
were English speaking and resided at squadron was expected to arrive in In-
Eleanora, a small mining village two i do-Chinese waters yesteraay.
miles from the shaft.
Asheville' s Police Court Law
Deemed Unconstitutional
Asheville, N. C, April 28. Special.
Judge Neal this afternoon decided
that the new city police court law giv
ing the police justice of Asheville
jurisdiction over all misdemeanor
The appearance or KojestvensKys
fleet of 52 ships excited general admir
ation. """' ' " ' '
cases, was unconstitutional. An ap-j
peal will be taken to the supreme court
immediately and the law tested before
the higher court.
Foreign Officers on Fleet
Paris, April 28. The .St.-Petersburg'
correspondent of The Matin says that
an engineer just returned from Mada
gascar declares that the Russian fleet
arrived there in bad condition. I The
Russians repaired the boilers and ma-
chinery. The personnel oi me uwi
The law is similar to the one now in ! increased by a large number of former
fori- in' Raleigh,
jcommisaiened and petty officer ejLbe raorted.
WHY HE FAILED 10 HELP
R00SEVELTS YACHT
New York, April 28. Because he con
sidered the yacht in no immediate dan
ger, lad a perishable cargo which
would make any delay on his part dan
gerous, and had no towing gear, are the
reasons given by Captain Holville of
the fruit steamer Oteri, for his failure
to go to the assistance of President
Roosevelf s yacht Sylph when she was
lying in a disabled condition. The-Oterl
arrived here today from Banes, Cuba,
and for the first time since the inci
dent Captain Holville had an oppor
tunity to give his version of the af
fair.
- Dense F6 Off Gapes
Norfolk, Vai, April 28. Dense fog
last night and today outside , the Vir
ginia capes ImperiaJled navigation and
delayed vessels. There was great an
xiety for the steamship Jamestown of
the OJd Dominion Line from New
York, but she arrived here tonight,
eight hours late. No. accidents have
i