-1 -
all : ;
r v . y )'.'. ' y , - - ' ' ' ' 1
B' :.EEEIGH 'EVENING TIMES,
. :
TOLTJIIE 27.
RALEIGH, N. C, MONDAY, APEIL 8, 1907.
DEPOSEOHESE
SEME BATTUE E(0:2 ;
, ' f ,f 1
111
THAW'S UFE I DEG"Ji T;
TH
mm
MEN
URGES
V
'flrcnsaWage a ' Desperate
' Ealtle, Steed by Roar
: : :cL Explosions
THEIR CHIEF KILLED
JO j NUMBER INJURED
lW IqjuriM of Ono of TlM8e Men
? Are Mortal A Hopples dlroggle
o Save tho riant of Kie Mctro-
- , polftan Strict Railway Company
rj and a ' Dozen Large Apartment
, uJldlBg Walla Bio An Out by a
Series' of Terrific Explosions and
, Sis Men Buried in the Debris
, ' Employes of the riant Aroused by
the Thunder of Falling U'ults,
1 Bv Leased Wire to The Times.)
New Jfork, April 8. -In a desper
ate and hopeless battle to save the
big plant of tho Metropolitan Street
Hallway Company and a dozen big
apartment buildings In the neighbor
hood early today, one fire captain!
lost bis lire, a fireman was tataiiy
maimed and thirteen men were In
jured. - ,
A series of -terrlllc explosions ac
companied the fire. Jn one of these
walls of the building were blown out
and six men were, burled beneath
tons of brick, one of them losing hit
life, ; The dead: ;
John Ryan, captain of englde com
pany No, go. crushed by falling wall
and died as. last rites were being ad
ministered to him by the Ref.' Father
Charles Molloy.
, Ryan was sixty years old,, a wld
oweK He had been connected with
the -flr dapBrtraBttX. fofi thlrtjevn-
, years. "
' , Fatally injured: Ffederick J, Lett
pold. of engine company No. 80
taken to the Washington Height;
Hospital in a dying condition.; J. .
The injured; John Connors, fire
man of engine company No. 80, scalp
wound; John Roxbury, of engine
company No, 80, severely bruised;
James K. Coakley, of engine com
pany No. 80, cut about the head and
severely bruised: John McCron, of
engine company No. 80; Thonw
Larkln, deputy flte chief, shocked b)
coming in contact with third rail.
lElght firemen shocked by coming
In contact with third rail; O'Conner,
battalion chief, struck gin head bj
falling beanr, severe scalp wound,
The big power plant and car barnc
were almost completely demolished
and two hundred and twenty-live
cars were also burned, Involving r.
loss of fully i,000,000. , -An
Exciting Moment.
A workman In the gauge house,
first discovered the flames. It is be
lieved that they were caused by a
short circuit. ; An alarm was turned
In, "but before a warning could be
spread around the plant there wat
an explosion In the . boiler room and
a wall topDled over.
Night Engineer James E. Hopkins
and, three men narrowly escaped be
Ing juried,
.The crash of the - falling wallt
aroused the. scores of 'employes In
the plant and brought persons in the
apartment houses along Seventh and
Lennox avenue out of their beda. -'
Engine Company No. 80 was the
next to reach the scene.
4V W UO KU. f
k a m n
r - members, of, this company who mej
with 'thoV'tatallt'earrend , 'injuries.
They proceeded around to , I46th
- street and made their way' tb the
''; iearof tho machine shops.,' While
.. they were at work; from that point
. V there was, an explosion and the wallt
, o' the gauge housft'.coliapsecL hnry
1 v irfV", Captain, Ryan, and Leopold.
"With' the first erash of th wallf
Xihe'rewas a general, stampede of the
. -v" firemen, Then a roll-call was hdlc
and it yas found that, .CantaitwRyau
. and Leopold wore, missing. Frreman
JiqCron, and Connorg-hastened back
v t;j(,Bceni of t,he wreckage am
" hu'rryp calls wer,e, sent, for ambu-V--lodcesjto
the'j. Hood Wright Hoa-ii-i
pltal the Washington , Hatghts Hos-
" :' pltaj and,' the Harlem TioupltaL '
- M'cCroh and Connor managed to
drag Ryan' and .Leopoldv f rom ; bo
' neath the debris and as tUey reached
the .street, the Rev. Father Malloy
appeared. : While he was ndmlnls
tcrlng the last rites of the church to
'. 'Ryan, the brave captain died. .
r Buried Under Walls. - '
: .-. Tony Mosla, a car inspector, wat
. (Continued to Tag Two.) .
MRS. STANFORD WHITE
1 1" ;'' - - I -
- " :' ''
.... i jm
, This pictur Is from a pliotocraph
of Mrs. Stanford White," wife of Hie
Mrs. yhlt9 is U'lng quietly ItCam.
bridgei Mastf.',. and avoids all reimrts .
or trie-Taii)onH trial. - It ta said sh.
will be compelled tp sacrifice" her Ml,
tecfr may be paid ' ' - - ' '
BY-ROOSEVELT
I Demand Made Upon Him
for Retraction
HAS NO FRIEND THERE
The Slur Cast Tpon Moyer and Hay
wood, Imprisoned In ion Officials,
Stirs the Central Federated l"nin
of New York to Violent and lu-
. temperate Idinguage.
., (By Leased Wifis to The Times.)
New Tork, April 8.-i-PresUlent Koose
velt today will recetve a resolution,
passed unanimously ; by tho Central
Bederated Union ofi Now Tork, calling
upon him to retract aj; "nee his slur and)-
t vv limy vv Jij '"
iL. I I ? .. .1 . i. ii'....t .
the imprisoned nffifMla of tho S
Fedecutlon of Mines are riot "desirable
as citizens." s ,
: There , were pome. Vfolopt and Intem
perate speeches- Iiytdogatos whli uero
bitterly wrouglit up, and. thg discussion
waxed worm,, although, trio president
dld,not have a defender. , v, "
officials confer
In union station
, . (Special to The Evening Times.)
A Wilmington, NC.l' April S.-A num
ber of ' Seaboard Air . Line . officials
reached Wilmington last night to eon
fer with th . Atlantic- -Coast Line men
relative 'to the building hero of a union
depot. ' V
i The conference la nowUn progress;
nothing definite could be ascertained up
the hour of sending this, but with a
number of interviews sought it la be
llcved that an agreement will be reach-,
ed, and that before many weeks have
passed, work will; begin, on a magni
ficent union station for this city. ' ."','
ANGERED
A I I
' . ,i i
in order that the dtbts of the arohi
,
TO UNFURL THE
FLAG OF BRYAN
Grand Banquet at Ghatta-l-
oooga Wednesday
THE PROGRAM GIVEN
John Temple Graves and Ex-Mayor
Van Wyck Are to be 'Among the
Speakers Many Other Prominent
.Men of the Democratic Party Will
lie "'resent. '
(Uy Leased Wire, to The Imes.)
Chattanooga,. Tenn., April S. The
banquet of the Bryan Anniversary Club
j which takes place Wednesday promises
1 to mark the opening of the real presi-
ntfav cam,)flln
Mr Cryan
Is ex -
pected - to strip the butnlng, from tho
i Irving. 6ml open tho ncilon vth load
iii lieds. ;Hon. E. W. ('armock, ex
IVUvvor Van Wyck of NcvviYork, and
(,'olon(l John Temple (Iraves- are cx
pecled 'to bp. leadlnfi fentures of the
- program; -. . " -.
Kiu progitim follows:
Hon. George W. .Chamlee, toast-
niaBilen;..t.ri.;-. - ; j-'i:. ; -:
lie,, HowafdJl Jones. D. D., Invo
cation. 1
linn. John Templo GriiTCS,' Atlanta,
C.ti., 'Prosiiects of Democracy;". - . . (
HouT O. Ck Manor. Montgomery, Ala.,
"Time Makes True Triumphant. "
Hutu ,W.. . M. f 'olemon, Albortsville,
Ala. V , v. -
Hon, r.ldil Ortives, Montgomery, Ala,
"The Citizen 8oldiory." : -
Hon. John; Isaac Cos.. Bristol, Tenrt
"Tenaesseo legislature." ; '
-'. Hon. F. A. Hood, president Bryan
Club, "Great, Men."
Hon.- John W. Tomlinson, nirmlng-
hsm, Ala., "Law and Publlu Oiilnlon."
Hon.: W. L; rriermn, mayor of Chat- Pasedena.- CaU, 4 April.-7 . When
tauoogn, "A Word ot Weleomo.!T. ; George Ade was last; fn -PasSedena he
' Judge Augustus Van Wyck of New. wrote Wa Jayton,;,OK, nursery order
York, VHarmony." , ' mg a carload of fruit trees.,' but failed
-Hon Horace Hood,. Montgomery, Ala..'
Hon.. E.i -W. Carmack. -..Columbia,
Tenn.,;"Partle and Issues."; v . '
-Hon.IW. 3. Uryan, Lincoln,Neb.
Wilfainaion Pasler Hakes
I
Drastic Rccammeridalion
IT IS REV. FRED D. HALE
The Say Tljiit;31is )!).jr;t in to Rid
'th? I-ist "of. fJvi'Dil i'i!.v itliy .Men.
It in Also i Said That I. ..- !1;m Will
Jlivi Wltl". Strong (is-isltiiiu 1'ror.i
t!n- Consrrvctivi's.
fPpCrlal to Th" Ev. iiIiik Times.)
Witmingtoa. N. t'.. ,,r:l s. -fho
anmiil busliicM meolhi!; or die con
Krcgatioa of t'ac Klnit llirnisi Climcli
to bo helff' toctglM (oi.iisi' i lo be of
unusual taierost, Ti:e pastor. Rev.
Fred D. Hiilcip. D., will le-ominend
in a writtfin fopoh ih-it i:n entire
o.Tlcial board c-f t'.ie i-'mreii .1. :oac1J
and that new diiiier.: ! !.-;! oil. Tho
executlvo .officers a: nliifi.v in num'
bor. 11 is. tfald 'that (he ulij ct of the
pastor ia io puv.'ve Hie i K.'vj!ral
unvorl'ty men.
II Is freely hlnled that n.-. Ilala.'s
idea wfif meot.ltli ni'i.'isi! . (itioulii
hits stippWturs lnsi;it on ihe ailopUdn
of t'ao roj-.brt? Ills .woRiruendalioil is
considore'd estren:. by the eoaHorva
tive olemont In tht- church. Dr. Hale
will not bo g resent, havinj; lel't' the
city tills Hiorninj;.
HOES HE SEEK TO IvMIUtoil.
tTS WITH TH K I'ltKXt'H?
(By Leased W iii- to The Times )
Kansas. ty,: Mo., April 8. The Rev.
F- E. 3. Lloyd, of (TiIiuko in a speech
here last night on "France and the
i Vatican," said:
"II I wero only h!. and strong
enough, llr J Would lend a crusade. It
would bo a prusadc In France, not to
restore ' Qod,.' for He nevor needs re
storing, butJtOijestorc what the people
atoiat.Rfn w tut ve hn4'otbed of,
"I am hoping that the people of
America and the American govern
ment; will be the first to, demand this
restoration and aid In stopping the
persecution. Let's sny to France that
It will not be allowed to confiscate
church property. Is not It the duty of
Americans and lha American govern
ment?" HOW
K)i:S THIS STRIKE
A CHRISTIAN PEOPLE?
(By Leased Wire to The Times.)
Joplln, Mo.. April 8. J. Kavanaugh
has travelled all the way from Korea
to secure a carina of "tiff," a mica
like formation found. In large quantities
in the lead and zincj fields of Missiouii
and Kansas.
Kavanaugh intends to use the "tiff"
in making Idols for the Koreans. A
few months ao ho was employed by
the emperor of Japan to manage a big
coal mine In Korea). While thus em
ployed, lie noticed
carried constantly
lhat every Korean
small glittering
Idol to ward off disease and disaster of
every kind. lie de
ermined to supply
the demand.
Mr. Kavanaugh
carload of "tiff"
proposes to ship a
tp Ping Tang and
there establish n fac
lory to manufacture
idols.
TO ANSWEEi
THE
BURGLAEY CHARGE
(Special to The
Evening Times.)
Charlotte. N. C.I
April 8.-J. A.
of the Southern
lives- in Amelia,
Southall, an employte
Railway, whose wiffc
Va., will bo brough
to Charlotte from
Augusta tonight to
answer the charge
lot burglarizing a hardware store here,
'Becurjng
several
hundred
' dollars
articles.
worth of
pistols arid
other)
Soilthall was in Charlotte "on the night
of the robbery, ace
meat of the oltieer
rest.
ding to the state-
kvho made the ar-
CRUISER TO
SEEK
LOSTOAI, BARGE
fSpecial to Tho Evening Times.)
Norfolk, Va.. AriHl g. Mechanics
-worked all last nlc
kWat the Norfolk
Navy Yard and a dojible force is today
at work getting the ieet cruiser CleveA
jand jn readiness to iall at fuui; o'clock
lnls afternoon lo Jolri In the-search for
the naval coal barge 'with-' ten men
aboard lost at sea f from the' towing,
collier Caesar sine April first.
,! . , .-iht.i ni; .v.N' '-
A CHANCE TO A1RW s
'' VIGOROUS SUING
. (By Leased Wire to The Tbncs.)
to. specify that they Were to br shipped
to hla Indiana fnf-m. The nursery -pee-
, pie sent, them h
re and, no
there (
f a freight bill of
to be '
SAVED AT NAGS !ILfl
t s
Two Women ond Eibt Men
in Breeches Bujiy ,
Life Savers Shot a Line Over Hie
Vessel ami Were Much Surprised
to Find tho First Person Brought
Ashore a Woman.
rily teased vvii'R to The Times.)
Norfolk, Va., April 8. Two wo
men and eight men wero rescued in
tho breeches buoy by Captain lOlher
lde's life savors at Nags Head, N. C,
when the four-masted schooner Louis
Bossert, ot New York, was blown
ashore. The women are Captain
Fletcher's wile and daughter.
The IWiHsort was hound from New
York to a Houth Carolina port.
The Bossert was driven ashore at
midnight and great wuvom broke
over her. It wan too rouh to launch
a surf boat, but the life s-.averj shot
a lino over tho vessel and were sur
prised when the lirst p.-rson lo he
pulled ashore proved to he a young
woman.
ASSASSINATION OF ,
BARRILLAS IN A CAR
rty Leased Wire to The Times.)
Clty.oi' Mexico, April 8.-r Genoal
Manuel Llzandro Barillas, ' fOrnlffrly
president ot Guatemala, was assassi
nated at Calfezpiinarl- as, jbejwt to . a
Ghadaloupb street ar. A youth about
17 years old climbed aboard, and,
rushing to the general, stabbed him
twice, tho first blow severing the jug
ular vein and the second cutting his
face. He died Instantly.
Tho assassin was captured. He
gavo his name as Joseph E. Estrada
and his homo at Ocos, Guatemala.
CAPTURE OF A BOY
THIEF. HIS RETURN
(Special to The Evening Times.)
Salisbury, N. C, April 8. R. L. Cray,
night money clerk of the Southern Ex
press Compnny wlio absconded last fall,
was captured In Brooklyn Saturday and
brought to Salisbury this morning by
a Baldwin, detective.
Gray is a boy of seventeen nnd was
supposed to have stolen thirty thous
and dollars. He had eluded arrest six
months. His robbery developed to
have been fifteen hundred added to a
diamond ring. and a revolver.
He will be tried here and will enter
a- plea of guilty.
A DOUBLE CRASH
AND ONE MAN HURT
(By Leased Wire to The Times.)
Chattanooga, Tenn., April 8.
Freight train No. 71 on the Cincin
nati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific
Railroad crashed into freight train
No. 51 on the road arly thia morn
ing. A moment later , freight train
No. 1 7 on tho Western & Atlantic
crashed into a mass of Wreckage
which had beoa thrown upon its
tracks which run alongside.
Fireman Tom Black of No. 71 had
hia right log broken and 'was other
wise injured. The tnreo engines were
badly damaged and six cars loadod
with merchandise wore totally de
stroyed. The loss is estimated at
about 75,000.
ODESSA JEWS ARE IN
FEAR FRESH OUTRAGES.
(By Leased Wire to The Times.)
St. Petersburg, April 8 The Odessa
Jews dread fresh outrages 'and,' are
certain' they will be attacked If the5.
duma Is dissolved. ' . ";
The-' Odessa municipal elections
have resulted hi a tremendous victory
far the leagae .iOt the. .Russian' - people.
the most violent opponent ot all lib
eralism. ...
Of seventy-iwo members of th--
Qdessa towrj council' sltcty-seven, now
ar$ 'members of the league. ff: -:
en' '.; thbu'sarid ' 1 f atitory-" hands at
Shuya, Vladimir government,'4'1 have
quit work- arid tlemAnd the' release ' of
Arsemus; a' noted rcvo-lutkmlm!, "wHem
the police have arrestecr here.
A''F-.''?;'3. ;i':?'' v'i!tt:.?:i
THE A. 8 M. INSPECTION
Public Invited to Witness
Interesting Event
Will Take Place on College Grounds
Tomorrow Morning at 9 O'clock.
Conducted by ('apt. Lenihan of the
Vnited States War Department.
The annual review and inspection of
the military department of the Agri
eultuinl and Mechanical College will
lake pl::i-e tomorrow morning at 1
o'clock . Capt. Michael J. ivenihan of
the general staff at Washington, has
been detailed by the war department
to conduct the examination, t'uptaln
! Lenihan arrived in the city at eleven
o'clock today and Is the guest of Lieu
tenant J. S. K. Young, commandant of
llie A. & M. cadets.
There wll be drill after the Inspection
Is over; b:ittallon and company drill,
In both close and extended formation.
Fix companies and the hand will be 01
the fii-lil, witb about four hundred me:i
in uniftinn. Tin- variouH nianouvrea are
very interesting, and as a general in
vitation is xti-ndi-d to the public, there
will doubtless be present a large num
ber of spectators. All of the events
will occur on the athletic Held, between
the college campus anil Pulleu Park if
the weather be fair and within the
auditorium in case of rain.
MISTRIAL ORDERED
IN THE SNIPES CASE
(Special to The Evening Times.)
Wilmington, N. C, April 8-Tlw
jurors empanelled to try the Issues be
tween the state and Lonnle Snipes
charged .with the .Wiling sA .W, ; L. , Wil
liams last September, have been dis
charged by His Honor, Judge B. F.
Long, and an order of mistrial entered
upon the docket. Immediately this dis
position of the case was made, Mr.
Marsden Bellamy, of counsel for the
defense, made application for bail for
the prisoner, but the motion was contin
ued and will be heard later.
Although U was suggested to the
jurors by Judge Long before they were
discharged that their standing upon
the conviction or acquittal of the de
fendant be kept within themselves. It
leaked out a few minutes after they
left the box that they stood eleven to
one for acquittal, Mr. D. L. Gore be
ing the only one holding out for con
viction. The same tedious, delicate task
of trying the case all over ngix.j will
have to be undertaken at the Ju?7 term.
Judge Long will today, it Is
thought, allow Snipes bail. Solicitor
Duffy is asking for a heavy bond, and
it is said that Snipes will not bo able
to give it. The next term of criminal
court Will bo held In July. Snipes is
only 20 years of age. He Is a native
ot Anderson, S. C.
MOORE AND WILDER
-' v : . ' . . .i, s
SAID TQ gE AHEAD
At throe o'clock this afternoon the
"wise" ones said that Mr. T. R Moore
was certain of nomination In the second
division of the first ward and that he
was leading Mr. Frank W. Kohler by
about twenty-five votes. For police
commission Mr. Lynn Wilder Is said
to be In the lead with Mr. Andrew
Syme not far behind.
The second primary has been a quiet
affair' and with the exception of a few
people who take an Interest in every
thing pertaining to polities, there has
been no Interest shown, the public seem
ing to ca-re but Very little how the
tiling goes.
The regular city election will be held
in May, but is nothing more than form,
the real election beftig the primary.
Hoke Smith Hies to Europe.
(By Leased Wire to The Times.)
Washington, ApriT 8. Hoke Smith,
former secretary of ths Interior, under.
President Cleveland Is oh hlS 'waj! to
Europe accompanied by a few friends,
prior to assuming tje office of govej'nor.
of Georgia. Governor Smlthveulled 9h
festdenf HoAsirvelf today. When lie
emerged from the white house he was
asked for ah expression o& his views $n
national pdlltlej.' 1 '. ;
' 'H have nothing o .v, 4isald. "ex
cept that the ilext president of this
Country Wlll' fco A man hij fepresent
the "interests ''of thp niasses 'of '"tl(o
peopled ':'"V' :' - H - T
' 'Ha would not discuss third term sug
eefctlonft s to Prdicnr Rbosevelj of
fy' 4hor of the" $resirt poUticaVslt-
darlon.' - - - '
The Opening tip Er!:::r-;
ary AWress Ia 3- ;r: '
half3clPrfs:erv s
PWILL.F0L1017-:
DELMAS UN T0M0.7
At the Morning Session of the Court,
Despite Rumors Thafr , 'Evefyir
Thaw Was Again to be Placed M
the Stand, Tftta Time to Contro
vert the Allegations of ' Hummel,
Nothing Sensational Transpired,
and Both the Defence " and ' the
State Rested the Case At , he
Opening of the Afternoosi Session,
the Senior Counsel for Thaw Be
gan His Summing Vp. ' .
(By Leased Wire to The Times.) - ' .-
iNew York, April 8. Lawyer Del-. .
phin M. Delmas, senior counsel for
Harry K. Thaw, began what-Is ej- ."i
pected to prove one of the most re
markable closing addresses ever de-
livered in a criminal case In New ',.-,
York at 2 o'clock this afternoon. The
California lawyer has devoted a great ,
deal of time and care to the prepa- '
ration of his final efforts to save
Thaw from the electric chair, w a '
term In prison. In this he has been .
ably assisted by Thaw himself. The .
prisoner has made copious notes of
bis own views and feellnga' In the '
case and all of these he turned over . '
to Mr. Delmas io assist him In his .:' ,
summing up. ' ,1 - ' , n
The Thaw Jury , had ' their last "
three hours Qf freedom for perhaps 't
several jBfl toeome.iriisHce Flt-,;
gerald announced when he adjoufned
court at 11 o'clock that he would ('
cause the jurors to be locked up and ' -kept
under guard from the time the
case was resumed until they have
rendered their verdict;1 Thejr were
allowed to go to their homes, today.
during the recess to prepare for their
Incarceration. ' , s
Mr. Jerome is expected to wind up "
the case tomorrow afternoon, hnd if
sufficient time remains Justice Fits- -gerald
will charge the jury and glv) f
the case Into their hands. , " ,
Should there be no disagreement 7
among the jury it Is possible a ver-
diet may be had tomorrow night.
This, however, is not expected either ,
by Thaw's lawyers or the prosecu
tion. , ;
A Crowded Court Room.'" .
Despite the earlier announcement
that the women would be excluded
from the court room, the women. .
members ot the Thaw family took .
their seats' half an hour before that '
set for the beginning of H. Delmas'
address. It was originally- planned '
not to have them present during
Delmas' gumming up because It was
feared they might break down. , t
But this plan was changed, Th H
mother of the prisoner sat between ;
Mrs. Evelyn NesbU Thaw , and the
Countess of Yarmouth, while '"Mrs. 11
George L. Carnegie and her husband '
occupied seats in. the row In front. ;
Edward Thaw sat in the next seat , -to
the Countess. .,
Assistant District Attorney Gar
van, Dan O'Reilly, apd all the law- -'
yers for the defense hurried around
Inside the room finding accommoda- '.
trohs for . their friends. The scene -inside
tho court room was one ot '.
bustle and hurry tyr more- than half ::j
an hour before the lawyer from the
Pacific slope began. ' .1 .
. 'the , friends ' of the prosecutlotl f. ;
found chairs inside i the inner rail ' t
while those luylteti hy the 'efense' -had'
to take their , chances of securing
seats on the outside. " ,T ,
Before Mr. pplmas began hJs tun- '
ming-uh' address at 3S p; 1,; Jus- ,?
tlca Flttgerald begah M ordering '
counsef tai ekch hide (0, exchange the
suggestions, tey wteh to bq efflbodled
in. tte courts Charge. , ' Justice FltsV,
geratd ordered he offlcer o( the court '
tA:':Bo,''i(it';tiifef. wa inalntalned,
Mr. Jero'me waft not nretent, ' v ',
iii"llv,i' j j ' ltl
Ml 'tfelnas; said : , ' ,' j
vIf y our honor please. . end
you
gentieme of he Jury, wOj have no
fhoi'fVrlM'l'ithe' feat Cqc were
khown.' ! to bo here todav irvlna- the
prisoner aite fer thail U W Was pro
ulultej by statule. Had you heard
these 'words- from any irresponsible
(Ceutlnned Fage Seven.) ,1
JEAOM
II-