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ADDKES3 OF CONGRESS TO THE PEO
PLE OF T
i In' closing
Coo grew, Joy
UK CONFBJJiSKTiS HTATlfia
th labors of the Firt Permanent
r Renre'cntativeft deom it a fit oc-
cftiion to e.vd gome accouoioi. nioir wwaiuii.
. to review briefly what, nndet rucb embarrass-
A ryChhta and adVeree clrcumstaacefi, cas Deen ac
- Gompliahod: o invito attention to thQ prospoct
before a and ho duties Jadtobbatr pn, every
ktf!cii-in thifl'crisiB :"iid to addrees such words
of counsel and encouragement as the times de
"marid. I'. I
l Compelled Iby a l.oig eerioe of oppressive and
tyrannical actfe, culminating at last in the seleci
: tion of a President and Vice-President by a party
confessedly sectional and hostile to the South and
. hor-4rislttutiotis, those States withdrew from the
; former Union! and formed a new Confederate
; aUiancc, M aii independent Government, based
V on tho pTojrtir I relations of labor and capital.
. .'jThia step was takon reluctantly, by constraint,;
, nnd after the texhaustlon of every moasure that
vsas likely to fjocuro us from interference with
our property, joviality fn the Union, or exemp
tion from animation to(an alien government
:: Tiw Southarn States. claimed only the unre6ttict
; nd enjoyment If thoights guarantied ; by the
f .Cons'titution. Find ng by painful and protracl
. cd cxporioncflj that this was persistently denied,
; wti dftterininei to separate from theso enemies,
vhuba.i mftnijfH8tod the inclination and ability
to im'povfjrifch'and deetro' us wo fell back upon
the ri?ht for whieh the colonies maintained the
- wnr of thq rcv61utionr and which our heroic fpre
r Vfathersf assof tea to bo clear andanalienable. Th e
unanimity andj zeal with which the separation
was undertake and perfictei, finds no parklkl
!; in.hijtpry. ; Tnepeopio roo en masse to.aieert
thsir liberties and protect their menaced rights.
y There ne'V! or wns before such universality ot eon
' viction, ambnrf any people, on any "quostion! in
volringo ieribui and so thorough a change of
political and international relations.- Thisgrew
- out ofHhe clearness of the right so to act, and; the
' certainty of thp perils of farther association with
the North. The chap ge was so wondeffuj.so
" rapid, so contrary to univer&al history, .hal
many fil to sVo that all has been done in the
' logical acquenco of principle5, which are' the
highest testimony to the, wisdom, of our fathers,
!: and the host illustration of tho correotness of
y "'thoso "principles This Government is a child of
law instead of Is edition, of right instead of vlo
j; lenoo, of delibaration instead of insurrection. Its
5 eirly life was Attended by no anarchy, no rebel
'. lion, no suspension of authority, no social disor-
drs, no lawlea disturbances. - Sovereignty was
not for one mpment in abeyance. The utmost
! conservatism iriarked ovory proceeding and pub"
' lie act, The object was "to do what was neces
iAry, and no inbro ; and to do that with the ut
'nioit temperance and prudence" St. Just, in;
his report to thp Convention of France, in 1798,
paid, - 'a peopl has but one dangerous enemy,
;i . and that is Go ernment." We adopted no such
absurdity. In nearly every instance, the first
, ; stops wefe taken legally, in accordance with the
will and ptoscr bed direction of tho constituted
l11 authorities of too seceding States. We Were not
remitted to brte force or natural law, or the
instincts of reon. The char?brs of freedom
were scrupulouty preserved. As in the EnglUh
Hevolutiou, of )G8,8, and ours of 1776, there was
iiptnatorial alicjratioa in the laws, beyond what
was necessary to rodroes the abusea that provok-
eettlement'ef i
.CUeatlODS Of diinutft with that OoTPmmpnL -
KotE effpjrjti .fiiledr . Cpmmifsioners were deeeir
ed and.rejiBcted, and clandestine, but vigor oui
pfeparaupns were made for war. In; proporn
iq qur -perseverance and anxiety have ween their
outmaacy: ana arrogance ,in spurning - oner&oi
peace.; it seems we can be maeDtea tor notmng
latheyMtueBidf our onemies. i,are oblige4
to his ,yicee, which hatoenjired to our strength.
We owe asmuch to his imoience and blindness
as to our precaution. '; . 1' .
The wager of battle having beeri tendered, it
wm accepted. Tho alacrity with: "which our peo
Sle flew tb arms is worthy of all; praise. The
eedsof iheroic daring patient endurance, ready
submission to discipline, and numerousictorifg,
are in keeping with the fervent --patriotism that
prompted i ineir early voiunteenng. uuite re
cently scoros'of rogimentfi have resenlisted for
for the yir teeiifying their determination to
fight unti
pledwitb
thusiastic
dotni table
- od.thostruggloJ
on STHculative
fined within t
' 'No attempt was made to build
principles. The effort was con-
he narroweet limits 01 nistoricai
and constitutional right. The controversy turn
ed on tno recorus ana mummenis 01 me pasi -
' ye merely resijBted innovation and tyranny,' and
(contended for our birth-rights and the covenant
od principles of lour rate. We have had our Gov
crnors, General Assemblies ,and Courts; the
same eloctor?, the same corporations, "the same
rules for property, the fame subordinatione, the
same order in tbo law and in the magistral ."
When the sovereign States met in council, they,
f in truth and sttbstanco, and in a constitutional
light, did not njiake, but prevented, a revolt
: tion. !
Commencing our hew national life under such
circumstances, we had a right to expect that we
would'be fernaitted without molestation, to cul
tivate "the arts jof peace ; and vindicao on our
chosenjarena and with the selected typo of social
characteristics, our claims of civilization. It was
thought, too, by! many, that war would not be
' resorted to jby an enlightened country, except
on tho direst necessity. That a people, profess-
1 ,,ihg 16 bo animated by Christian sentiments, and
jwho had' regarded our peculiar institution as a
blot and blur upon the lair escutcheon of their
common Christianity, should make war upon
ho South for doing what they had a perfect
"right to do, and for relieving them of tho incu
bus whi?h, they professed, roated ,upon them by
';-the association, was deemed almost beyond be
' lief by many of our wisest minds. It was hoped,
too, thatihej obvious 1 interest of tho.two sections
: would restrain tbe wild frenzy of excitement and
turn into peaceful channels the thoughts of jthoso
who had bu recently boon invented with power
.:-in tho United Slates.
f ; Those reasonable anticipations were doomed to
I Ldisappointmentj The red glare of battle, kindled
at,Sumtor, dissipated all hopes of pee, and the
two Governments were arrayed in hostility
against each other. We charge the responsibility.
i of this war upon the United Stales. They ate ac ?
, countable for the blood and havoc ana rum u
and contributing greatly to this en
ardor, was the lofty courage,' the in
resolve, the self-denying 'ipiril'bCvUc
MDio women, who, by their labors ot love, their
patience ;Of hope, their unflinching constancy,
their uncomplaining submission to privations of
the war, have shed an immortal lustre upon their
sex and country.
i Uur army is no hirelmg soldiery, it comes
not from paupers, criminals or emigrants. It
wa$ originally raised by the free, unconstrained,
unpurchaieble assent of the men. All vacations
and classcjs contributed to the swelling numbers.
"Abandoning . luxuries and comforts to which
they had! been accustomed, they submitted choer
fully to the scanty fare and exactive service of
theoampjj. Their services above price, the only
remuneration they have sought is the protection
of their Mtare, firesides and liberty. In the Nor
wegian wars the actors were, every one of them,
named and ptronymically described as tho
King's friend and companion. The same won
derful individuality has boon seen in this war
uur sotdiers are not a consolidated mass, an un-
tblnkibg imachine, but an army of intelli
gent uniti. To designate all wio have distin-
guihod themselves by special valor, wofcld be
to enumerate nearly all in the army. The, gene'
rous rivalry botweon tho troops from differen
States has) prevented any special pre-eminence
and hereafter, for centuries to come, the gallant
bearing and unconquerable devotion of Confede
rate soldiers will inspire the hearts, and encour
agei the hopes', and strengthen the' faith, of al
who labor to obtain thir iroedom.
For three years this cruol war. has been waged
against. us, and its continuance has. been seized
upon as a pretext by some discontented persons
to excite jhostility to the Government. xCcccn
and public as have been the occurrences, it i
stranffetniat a misaDnreh. neion exiets as to the
conduct of the two Governmpnts in reference to
peace. Aillusion has been roado to the unsuccees
ful efforts when separation too"k place, to pro
cure an amicable adjustment of all matters in
dispute. :These attempts at negotiation do no
comprise all that has been done. In every form
in which expression could be given to the senti
ment in public meetings, through the press, by
legislative! resolves the desire of this people for
peace, for !the uninterrupted enjoyment of thei
rights and- prosperity, has been made known.
Thp President, more authoritatively, in severa
of his messages, while pretesting the utter ab
sence of all desire to interfere with the United
States, od acauire anv of their territory, has
avowed that the "advent of peace will be hailed
. Yifith joy. ! Our desire for it has never bcjfn con
cealed. Oiur efforts to avoid the war, forced on
lua as it was by the lu3t of conquest and tho in
sane passions of our toes, are Known to man
kind "
I The course of the Federal Government has
pjroved. that it did not dosiro peace, and would
not consent to it ori any terms that wc could pos
sibly concede. In proof of this, wo refer to tho
rpoatod rejection of all terms of conciliation,
and compromise, to their recent contemptuous re
fusal to receive tha Vice President; who tvtassent,
to negotiate for softening the asperities of war,
and their jscornful rejection of tho offer of a iieu
tral Power tomediate between the contending
parties. Jf cumulative evidence be needed, it
can be found in the following resolution, recently
adopted by tho House of fteproscntativrs in
Washington;
j "Kesolvep, That as our country and the very
existence of Ihe best Government ever instituted
bye man are imperilled by the moat causeless and
wicked rebellion that tbe world has seen, and
believing, as we" do that the only hope of saving
tli is Country and preserving this Government is
hr the no-wer of the sword, we are for the most
vigorous prosecution of the war uulil tho Consti
tution and the laws ehall bo enforced and obeyed
irj all parts of the United' States ; and to that
end we oppose any armistice, or intervention, or
mediation J or proposition for peace, from any
quarter, scj long as there, shall be found a rebel
ir arms against the Government ; and we ignore
all party names, lines and issuo?, and recognize
but two parties in this war patriots and trai
tors' j .
' The motive of such strange conduct is obvious.
Tjhe Republican party was founded to destroy
slavery arid the equality of the States, and Lin
coln was elected as the instruments to accomplish
this object. The Uaion was af barrier to the
consummation of this policy, because the Consti
tution, which was its bond, recognized and pro
tected slavery and the sovereignty of the States.
The Unipln must therefore be scrinced, ana
tni naure it& destruction; war was determined
. 1
on.
4 ,nd tKe proffered ydUOoTi f -Kniv
pnnpipie .waa maintained y Ihft Uolted' SUtea
int'ibft jotrmripttion. ot enemjiatefea-ltiot
.mong tho; acta! of legiUmatO; warfare.! War U
instructions rtoixr Johri Quincjr Adaia;avs: 3ecr
lary, i putw to ir. MIddletoii, at $t. 'Ifetera.
burg,: October 18lh 1820 it is Aid: Tifl Brit.
Jah.haye broadJjssertdthB rights ernjtiicipiti
Ipg slayer (pri vate property) m a legjtimatiS rtghi
of war; w 1T suclf rightla acowlodgedv iatr
of 'ar by writers whotemlt anylimitatidltvTho
right of putting to -death prisoriereift toTd!
blood and without special cau?e. mieht aa well be
pretended to be a law.of war, or the right to use
poisoned weaona,3 of Wassalnitte.v I - .;
- 'JLJisregarding tfie teachings r of thevprbTed
writers on international lawand the practice and
claims of his own Government in its oarer divs.
' President Lincoln has sought to convert the South
tntof a St Domingo; by appealing totto cupidity,
lasts, ambition and ferocity of the slave. fAbra
ham .Lincoln bat the lineal doscendan lot Dan
more and the impotent, malice of each wat foiled
amitjr.w andl by. the fideli'y of tliose who. by tbe meannia,.of
friendship with the Northern States', U$SbtttTtne conspirators; Would only; ITtac6ssfnlraVe
1 at AAm . nun c tin i-i . .. n v. i I - l - m.. . .
wexi orauvou iti!iitva, unn, vice, ' ogary
ana aeatn. 4
But we tire of these in dignities and enormities.
They are too sickening for recital. History will
nereaiter pxuory those who committed and en
courages! a ach crimes' in i m mortal in famy ,
stated to his invincible logione, thatJthe Vcruel
ioe seKs to redaco our fathers and mothers, our
wives and children to abject slavery." He does
cot paint too strongly the purposes of the enmy
or the consequences of subjugation.,. What has
been done in certain districts, is but the prologue.
01 tne Dioody drama that will be enacted. ! It is
-well that every man and woman should havo
some just conception of the horrors of conquest
ihe late ot Ireland at the period of its conquest,-
and ot Poland, distinctly 'foreshadows what
would await ui. The guillotino, in its ceaseless
work of blood, would bp revived for the execu
tion of the "rebel leaders." The heroes of our,
contest would be required to 'lav down" their
proud ensigns, on which are recorded the battle
fields of their glory, to stack tSeir arms, lower
their heads in humiliation and dishonor, and pass
under theyokeol abolition misrule and tyranny.
A hateful inquisition, made atrocious by, spies
tnd informers ; star-chamber courts, enforcing
their decisions by confiscations, imprisonments,
banishment and death ; a band of detectives,
fofrettfng. .out secrets, lurking in every family,
existing in every conveyance ; thesupprossion of
free speech ; the deprivation of arma and fran
chises : and the ever present sense of inferiority
would make our condition abject and miserable
beyond what freemen can imagine. Sujugation
involves everything that the torturing malice
and devilish ingenuity of our foes can suggest.
The destruction of our nationality, tha equaliza
tion of whites and blacks, the obliteration of
Stato lines,-degradation to colonial vassalage and
the reduction ot many of pur citizens to dreary,
hopeless, remediless bondage. A hostile, police
would keep "order" in every town and city.
has caused. '
pared. The
For such a war we were not pre-
differenco in military resources be
twoen our enemies and ourselves ; the immense
advantage pogecssfu in iue orgaoizea macninery
of an established government ;- a powerful navy;
the nu'clcui of an army ; credit abroad, and' ill i
: .-.mi table. faciHUe'4 in , mechanical and manufactur-
iag powor. placed them on "the vantage ground '
' I In our in'tm'cy..' we were without a seaman or
soldier, without reyenue, without gold and sik
; vef, withoiita r(iongnized place- in the family of
. nations, without external commerce, without
' f Jreign credit, with the' prejudices of tho world
against us. While we were without mairafac-
turfhg -; facilities o supply our wanU our porta
wore blockaded we had to grapple with a giant
"adversary, defend 2000 miles of seacoast and an
, inland frontier of equal extent. If. we had suc
r needed in "proven ting any successes on the part of
Our enemy. it jwouldliavQbeen a miracle. What
we have accomplished, with a population so in
forior in nijmbers, and means so vastly dispro
portionate, bjis excited the astonishment and,ad
miration of the worl .,1;
: The war fnjwhich Woare engaged was wicked
ly, and against all our pretests, and the most
earnest efforts to the contrary; forced npon us -South
Carolina sent a commission to Washing
ton to adjust all questions of dispute between her
, and he United 8tates. One of tha first acts of
the Provisional Government was to accredit
1 agenu to visit Washington, and use all honora-
The Imsis of the Northern people were not
privy td. alnd sympathized in no such design.
Tiey Tove theUnion and wished to preserve it.
Tp rally tbe people to the support of the war,
its abject was proclaimed to be ''a restoration of
the Uniohj", as if that which implied voluntary
assent, of jwhich agreement was an indispensa
ble element and condition, could be preserved by
coercion. It i9 absurd to pretendjthat a Governs
ment; really desirous of restoring the Union,
would adopt such measures as the confiscation of
private property, the emancipation of slaves,
ssitematfef efforts to invite them to insurrection,
forcible abidiietion from their homes and corapul:
sory enlistiment in the - army, the division of a
sovereign State without its consent, and a proc
lamation that .one-tenth of the population of a
State, and itb at tenth nnder military rule, should
control thoj will "of the remaining nineVtenths
The only relation possible between the two see
tions, under such a policy, is that$ a voriqueror
and Conquered, superior and dependent. Rest
assured, fellow-citizens, that although restoration
may still , be used as a war cry by the Northern
Government, it is only to delude and betray.
Fahiticifini h'as Mimmoned to her aidcupidity
and vengeance.; and nothing short of your utter
subjugation, ; the destruction of ! your State Gov
ernment,! (the overthrow of yout social and poli
tical fabric, your personal and pjiblic . degrade
tion and! ruia, will satisfy the; demands of the
North, pan there be a man so vile, so debased,
so! unworthy of liberty as to accept peace- on
suchTiurailiating terma? v f . " '
;'h;wouidhardly:;be fair tovassert that ail the
N6rtherrjj people participate in these- designs-
On the contrary, there eiists a-power ful jpoiitical
party, which openly " condemns ihem. Thg Ad
ministration has, however, been able thus Jar,
by its enormous patronage and ! its. lavish erpen
diiares td eioduce, or by its legions of "Hessian"
mercenarirs to overawe the -roasse-s to control
the elections, and to establish an arbitrary des
potiMU- It cannot be possible mat tnis siaw 01
hins ckn 6iontinnl'r Thw Twvrnta'of iheTJnlted
Slates, aecustomed to freedom, ianhoV conient to
be ruined and enslaved, in order to ruin and ent
lave us. .: 'Moral, like physical, epidemic; hare
their allotted periods and must sooner or ; later,
be exhausted and -disappear, W n&n 4 reason ?p
turni, bur ehemiea wiU probably reflect, that a
people, like purs, 'who have exhibited such capa
bilitios, and extemporized . such resources ' can.
never De subdued; that a vast expanse 01 wri'f
tory, with such a population, cannot bef gorertm
ed a an obedient- colon v. Victory - would ti6t
be conquest. The inextinguishable, quarrer;
would be transmitted "from bleeding sire w
son." and.the Btrne'cle would be ii renewed oe-
tween generations jet unborn. . Ta : impoverisn
us would only be to dry up some of the springs
of Horthfirn t nroflnPTitT- to destroy Southern
wealth is to reduce Northern profits, while the
rcetoration of peace would neceesanly reaestab-
lish some commercial intercourse, i . It may nov
be amiss, in this connexion, to say that at one
time, it was tne wish and expectation ot many
at tbe South, to form treatv-ot amur
both Tjonlfts mlirht darive the benefits of corns
mercial intercourse and move on side by side, in
the arts of peace and civilization History has
confirmed the lesson taught by Divine authority,
that each nation, as well as" eacb individual,
should seek their happiness in the prosperity of
otheTs, and not in the injury or ruin of a neigh
bor. The general welfare of all !; is the highest
dictate of moral duty and economic policy; while
a heritage of triumphant, wrong is the greatest
carse that can befall a nation.
Until some evidence is given ot a change of
policy on the part of the Government and some
assurance is received, that efforts Fat negotiation
will not be spurned, the Congress are. of opinion,
that any direct overtures for peace would, com
promise our selfrepect, be fruitless of good, and
interpreted by the enemy as an j indication .of
weakness. W e can only repeat tho desiro of th
'people for peace, and our readiness to accept
term?, consistent with tha honor and integrity
and independence of the States, and compatible
with the safety of our domestic institutions.
Hot content with rejecting all propo-als for
a peaceful settlement of the controversy, a cruel
war of invasion was commenced, which, in it9
progress, has been marked -by a brutality and
disregard of the roles of civilized warfare, as
stand out in unexampled barbarity in the history
of modern wars. Accompanied by every act of
cruelty and rapine, . tne conduct of the enemy
has been destitute of that forbearance and mag
nanimity, which civilization and Christianity
have introduced to mitigate the asperities of war.
The atrocities are too incredib!e :for narration.
Instead of a regular war, our resistance of the
unholyjefforts to crush out our national existence
ia treated as a rebellion, and the settled interna
tional rules between belligerents are ignored.
Instead of conducting the war as betwixt two
military and political organizations, it is a war
Hgainst the whole population. H,ouses are pik
laged and ibarned. Churches are dofaced.
Towns are ransacked. Clothing df women and
infants is stripped fronftheir persons. "Jewelry
and mementoes of the dead are stolen. Mills
ard implements of agriculture are destroyed
Private salt-works are broken up. The intro
duction of medicines is forbidden. Means of
subsistence are wantonly was'ed t6 produce beg
gary. Prisoners are returned wjth contagious
diseases. The last morsel of food laa boenjtaken
from families, who were not allowed to carry on
a trade or branch of industry. A rigid and of
fensive espionage has been introduced to ferret
out " difelovaltv." Persons havelbeen forced to
choose between starvation of helpless children
and taking tho oath of allegiance to -a hated
Government The cartel for exchange of pris.,
onersTias been suspended and our unfortunate
soldiers subjected to tbe grossest indignities.
Tho wounded at Gettysburg were deprived of
taeir nurseiaftd inhumanly left to perish on the
field. Helpless women have been exposed to
the most cruol outrages and to that dishonor
which is infinitely worse than death. Citizens
have been murdered by the Butlers and McNeils
and Mifrovs. who are favorite geinerals of our
enemies. Refined and delicate ladles have been
seized, bound with cords, imprisoned, guarded
by negroes, and held as hostages for the roturn
of re captured slavo3. Unoffeiiding non-com
batants have been banished or digged from their
qutet homes to be immured in filthy jails.
Preaching tho gospel has been refused except on
condition" of taking the oath of allegiance.
Parents have been forbidden to name their chil
dren in honor of " robel" chiefs. Property has
been confiscated. Military governors have bcon
appointed for States, satraps for. province?, and
and Haynaus for cities. ii ;
Those cruelties and atrocities of the enemy
have beui exceeded by their malicious and
blood-thirstv purposes and machinations in ref
erence to 'the slave. Early in this War President
Lincoln averred his constitutional ; inability and
personal unwillingness to interfere with the do
meetic institutions of the Stales and the relation
betweon master and servant, residential con
siderations may have D9en veiled under con6ci
ontious scrunles. for Seward, in a confidential
instruction to Mr. Adams, the minister to Groat
Britain, on 10th March. 1862. said: "If the
Government of the United States should precip
itatdy decree the immediate abolition ot slavery,
it would reinvigorate the declining insurrection
in every part of the South." Subsequent rever
ses and the refractory rebelliousness of the so
ceded -Statoj caused a change of policy, and Mr.
iinCOin lSSueu UlS ceicurk.eu piuviniuBuuu,
brutum fulmen, liberating the slaves in the "in
surrectionary districts." On the 24th June,
1776, one of the reasons assigned by Pennsylva
nia for her separation from tho mother country
nan that, in her sister colonies, tho "King had
excited the negroes to revolt" and to imbue their
hands in the blood 01 meir masters, in a manner
unpractised bv civilized nations. This, prpbai
bly had reference to the proclamation of PunrrJbre,
the last royal Governor of Virginia, in 1775,
d rin freedom to all servants or negroes, if
they would join ""for the reducing the colony to
a nroner sense of its duty." The invitation to
the slaves to rise against their masters, the sug
nested insurrection, caused, says Bancroft, "j
thrill of indigriati ui o run through Virginia,
effacing all differences of party, and rousing one
strong, impassioned purpose to drive away the
insolent power oy wmcu it uavi uwu yukuu.
A cotemoorarv aunalist, adverting to tne . same
proclamation, said "it was .received with the
greatest horror in all tho colonies." : .
"The policy adopted by Dunmore," says Law
renea in Lis notes tn Wheaton, "of: arming the
alnvcc (rain4t tho.ir muxterB. was not; pursued du'-
rinff the war of the Revolution: Vril when ne
groes were taken by tho English, thy were not
considered otherwise than as property and plan
der." Emancipation of slaves as a war measure
has been ssverely condemned.aud denounced Vy
the most eminent publicists in Europe and the
United States. The United States Mm their di
plomatic relations have ever maintained," says
the Northern authority lust quoted,1 that slaves
were private property; and for them; as snch,they
have repeatedly receivca compensauon . irum
"Rftp-land." Napoleon. I.' was never: induced to
Issue a proclamation for the emancipation cf the
nrix 111 111a vrm. nitu au4j.- . . . .
baro irmed against her a patt of her' population
v Tmelaiming the li erty of the serfs. A great
T,mhir villages asked it of me. but I refused
to avail myself of it meisteure which would have
aa irAoth t hr.uamds of families." In the
! dUoussions growing'out of the treaty 'of peace of
dan gerotti than adva&celr JBehinrl na. arb 1nfe
Honty'aodi1 degradation .Before AaC ia every-"
thftg feitidBg toa-patriht.: y?ZZ
wupwmw aura juipucauie ioes are preparing
yroujlyJjGpr the: 40ffli'!am;'(s4
-a
. a -"wwj u jkc w uonrraaf m e vea l&aX v.
Qeergla
. 5?7:TTr " w w-ieirjaiai:awriot
fudges like Bus teed, would hold our courts, pro
tected by Yankee soldiers. Churches would be
filled by Yankee or tbry preachers. Every office
would be bestowed on aliens. Absenteeism would
curse us with all its vices. Superadded to these.
sinking us into a lower abyss of degradation, we
would be made tne slaves ot our slaves, hewers ot
wood and.drawers of water for those upon whom
God has stamped lndelably the marks of phrsi-
t i 1 n 1 l r r mt m
cai ana lnwuociuai lnieriority. xne past or 101s
eign countries need not be sought unto to fur
nish illustrations of the heritage of shame that
subjugation would entail. Baltimore, St. Loui?,
Nashville, Knoxville, New Orleans," Vicksburg,
hluntsviiie, . Norfolk, Newborn, Louisville and
Fredericksburg are the first fruits of the ignominy
and poverty of Yankee domination.
Tho sad story of the wrongs and indignities
endured by those States which havo been In the
complete or partfttl possession of the enemy, will
give tne oest evidence y tne consequences ot
subjugation. Missouri, a magnificient empire of
. 1. 1 3 ... - .
agricultural ana mineral weaitn, a. 10-aay a
smoking ruin ana tno theatre 01 the mesl re-
ai a n a
voiting cruelties ana Darnarisms. The. minions
of tyranny consume her substance, plunder her
citizens, and destroy her peace. The sacred
rights of freemen are struck down, and the blood
of her children, her maidens and her old men, is
made to flow, out of mere wantonness and reck
lessness. No. whispers ot freedom go unpdnish'
ed, and .tbe .very ins tip eta of seU-preservation
are outlawed. The worship of God and the
rites of sepulture have "been shamefully, inter
rupted, and, in many instances, tne cultivation
of tho soil is prohibited to her own citizens
These facta are attested by many witnesses and
it is but a just tribute to that, noble and chiraU
rous people, that, amid barbarities almost unpar
allelod, they still maintain a proud and defiant
spirit toward their enemies.
In Maryland, the judiciary, made subservient
. .. . . 1 i .1 . . '.
to executive- aoaoiuusiu, lurniBnes no security
for individual rights pr personal freedom ; mem-
burs of the Legislature are arrested .and impris
oned without process of law or assignment .0
cause, - and tne wnoie iana groanetn under tne
oppressions ot a merciiesa tyranny. j
In Kentucky, the ballot-box has;Been over.
thrown, free speech Is suppressed, the - most .vex
atious' annoyances harass and 'embitter; and. all
the arts arid appliances of 'an unscrupulous des
potism are freely used to prevpnt the Uprising of
the noble patriots ot "the dartcana bloody
ground." Notes, of gladness, ' asnrances! of a
brighter and better day, rbacb'fus, "Vnd the
exiles i may tak tcouragev and hope for "the. fu
-ture. ; ' ' ' " - - :!
. x r
' In Virginia, the model. of all that illustrates
human heroism and self-denying patriotism, al
though the tempest of desolation nts swept; over
her fair domains, no sign of repentance for her
separation from the North -can od found. Her
old homesteads dismantled, her ancestral relics
destroyed, her people impoverished, her territo
ry made the battle-ground for the md hocks of
contending hosts, and then, .divided. vjpth hire-'
ling parasites, mockingly claiming jurisdiction
and authoriey, the Old DominSoa till s! aiids
with proud "crest and 'defiant mienFKetadv to
tramp, beneath her heel every usnrpe land tyrant,-
and to illustrate ftfresb- her tic ierkper ty
rannis, the prbadest motto that- ever.-jfelazedaB.,
a nation's ishield or-a warrior's arms!" 5 M '' ' -
To prevent such effects on peoplcr fee now
prosecuting this struggle:' It is no mSH irar of
ca!culation, no contest for a "pariculaf kijid - of
property, no barter of precious blood y0T filthy
lucre. Every'thing Involved in teao&wdi civs
iliztioD, religion, lawr property, caol,home,
is at stake. We ight not tor plund er, spoils,
pillage, territorial conqriest.'. The G iemment
tempts by np prizes of ,beauty:or booty," to be
drawn. in theydttery c'fvtlriswarV ?"rye seek td
preserve civil freedom, honor, cqtialityj'firsidof,.
and blood is.VeUBhed, whan shed . fof pur fami;
ly; for our frieid?, fot oar kind for bull country,
for oar God.1' - Barko said?a 8?aUi resolved to
hazard its existence rather than atoindpn' its'"H
ject, must hat an infinite advantage foyer that
which is resoivea ioyioia, rauier inarccaTxy iw
ponding efforts should be mjtde on . odr :
Without murmurinr," our people should-respond
w wje iawp, -wnicn me exigency aemanos. svery
wuecapama 01 Dearing arms, inouia ne connect
ea , witn womo eccU veJxallitary vorginixttion.
xne utmost energleiibf ithe whole population
should W taxed to oroduce food and. cloth i nr.
and a spirit of cheerfutneea and trust in an all-
wwe ano-overmiing iTrovidonce-ahoald ' bo cuU
tivated-: . i,l.';.s ,. - i '
The history of the hait threo veara has1 much
to animate us to renewed effort and a firmer and
Imore assnred bona. A 'whntf rtAnnla i"i iWm
var a ear is una Doaies to repel the Invader, and7
SPauy racrmcea nave: Man. made on the altar of
our country. No similar Instance is to be found
or sucn spontaneous uprising and volunteering.
Inspired by1 a holy patriotism, again and again
nave our brave soldiers, with the aid 6f EUavon.
laffled Ihe-efforta of our foea. It is in no ar
rogant spirit that wo refer to anocesses that have
cost us so much blood, and brought sorrow to so
"" oM. no may xinu ir an wis an ear
nest of what, with determined and retolnte ex
ertion, we can do to avert aubjugation aodilave-t
r7 fcad w6.4iannotfail to discern, in our delivri
erance from so manv and so crreat norilk. thV5
interposition of that Being whowilLnoUfQrs"akej
ub ia mo u-iais mat are to come. Let us,Hhen,t
looking upon the bodies ot our loved and bonor-
ed dead; catch inspiration from their examplej
auu earner renewed ciinndence and a firmer: ro-
f solve to tre$d, with unftltring trust, thd path;
that leads honor and peace, although lead5
through tears and suffering and blood. ;
We havemo "alternative but to do our ditv. t
KWtf combaXfor prpperty, rtomes, the honor f onrj
1 Ins- lL.f..l C ..... .. f
yivv juium 01 out cniiarm, tne preterva;
tion ofosflk fair land from pollution, and l-to'
avert a doopa which wo can read, bath In tbe
threats ofv&iur enemies and the acts of oppression!
we have alluded to in this address.
The situation ia rave, hnt f.ir niahiaa na int!
excuse for despondence. Instead of harsh critfai
eisms on vve Government Ttnd our General" :
instead orbewaHing the failure to accomplish
imposf,iDiiwj8, we snouid rather be grateful,
humbly ana: profoundlv. to a hpnlo-
dence, for1, the results that have rewarded Jir la:
8 R3g'mlwrln rae disproportion in popu-1
lation, in military amd naval resources, and the
deficiency W skilled labor in the South, our ae
oompiiBnn4,sni8 nave surpassed those recorded of
any people tho annals of the world: There is
no just robn for. hopelessness or fear. . Since'!
tne outbrcv of the war the South has lott the
nominal pt4808sion of the Mississippi river and i
fragments;-,!, be territory, but Federal occupan-!
cy is not mqaesi;. xne nres or patriovsm still
burn unenchably in the breasts of those who!
are subject? to foreign, domination. We yef have
in our uninterrupted control a territory which,!
according ,0, past progress, will require the., ene
my lemyevs to overrun.
The One'ny is not free from difiicuUles. With
an enormftu debt, the financial convulsion, long;
postponed-' is'surely coming. The short props
in the United States and abundant harvests tni
Europe W,ll hasten what wa9 otherwise ineyi
table. Many sagacious persons in the North,
discover in the usurpations of their Government,
tne certain overthrow of their liberties. A large
numoer revolt irom tne unjust war WHged upon
the South, and would gladly bring it to an end.
Others look with alarm upon the complete
subversion of constitutional freedom by Abra
ham Lincoln, and feel in their own persona.!
tho bitterness of tho slavery which three yearsof
. 1 , 1 . 1, . . !
war iiav lauoa to innict on tne South. Jtfrave
and earnest men at' tbe North have spoken out
against the usurpation and cruelties daily prac
ticed. The success of these men over the radical
and despotic faction wh ch now rules: the North,
may open the wajr to peaceful negotiation and;
a cessation of this bloody and unnecessary. warJ
In Conclusionwe exhort our fellow citizens td
be of good cheer and spare no labor, nor sacrl-i
b flees, that may be necessary to enable us toi win!
mo campaign upon wnicfr we nave just entered
We have passed through, great trials of affliction
but suffering and humiliation are the'schooVmas
ters that lead nations to self-reliance and lndel
pendence. These disciplinary providences but
mature and leyelop, and solidify our people.-J
We beg that tho supplies and resources of th
country, which are ample, may be sold to the!
Government to support and equip its armies. i
Let all spirit of faction and past party differences!
be forgotten iri the presence of our cruel foe. I'
We should nor despond. We should be ;self4
denying We should labor to extend to the ut-J
most, the productive resources of the country.:
We should economize. The families of soJdiW
should be cared for and liberally supplied. Wcl
entreat from) alt, a generous and hearty co-oper-1
ation with the Government in all branches of its!
administration, and with; the agents civil or
rnilitary; in tho performance jof their duties.
Moral aid has the "power of : tho . incommuni-4
6able, and by united efforts, by an all-ompreJ
hendihg'and'selfeacrificirjg patriotism, we j can
with the blessing of God, avert: the perils whicbi
environ us, and achieve for ourselves and chil-4
dren'peacef and freedom. Hitherto the iLord
has Interposed graciously to bring us vijtory,(
and in His hand there is present power to proJ
vent. this great multitude which come against us,!
from casting us out of the possessions which He!
hath given us to inherit.
T. J". Semmes, j
J. L. Orr, '. 5
A. K..Maxwolld
Committee cm part of the Sena'.o.
mftAKi ?R0ii m sexStaSF of
i(fHt a U.y
,raer
full amount expressed ob their faoe wltkoat i.
Ura.Vnd are not mbjoet U ma fil5l fir
ih.r
cuUrxplain. th limlUtioA -oiaafi arivilera
tlltJtSlf APril. nduiaiX
JTaiifcf1? uby PriVrawhith will
occur at tie eBd of ih moalh f jr,.
THE WRIT Or HABEA8CORPtJS.
jPASSAQI Ot Til J BIU..TO 8UP2) T?X RIV1
. ; LJQK THaRIOJ1 IN CXRTi.IN CASXS.
- -v
to' be conquered, by any "other natioiaf than tha
United States. It is better to bo a dejpendenc y;
of an other power than of that. By: the con
dition of its existence and essential constitution,
as now governed, ft must be in perpotoal hoatiK
ity to u. ; As the panis MhVader urned Wi
ships to make rrtfeatiniposaible, so we cannot
afford to take steps backward!. 'Retreat Is more
t -mm r -a
j. w. yiapp,
- J. L. M. Cfurry,
Julian Hartridgc,
John Goode. Jr.,
W.N H. Smith,
Committee of House of Ropresentatives.
Tho following was passed by Congress in so-'
cret session,- and the injunction of secreay having
bee,ij removed, we are at liborty to give ir pu'
4icity : . j
A, Bill to Suspend the Privilege of Me Writ of
( "m n CeTi aui UUtUU
Wbereas. tho Omstitution of ih' flan fcii
Srates of America provides in Article J,Section
0i?rasTtPh 3 -' "the writ of habea ieorpu
shall not be suspondoi unless when Id case of
roDeinon or iavasiohk the public safety may re
ube it;" and whereas, tho. nowar of nenanin
theprivnego of said writ, as recqgniwd in said
Article 1. is vestod solelv irtha Hnna-wv -mYiu
is the exclusive judge of the AaeAadlv f ...k
suspension; and whereas in the opinio of the
CongreM, the public safety requires; Inafaipen
sion of said writ in the existing case, of tha lnva
sioqj of those Stat$; and whereat, tho Tretident
has asked for the auspensdon of the vnt Af AaAm
corjmaand informed Congress of conditions of
public danger which render the suspension of tho
OBro proper lor tne public defense
against invasion and insurrection; now, there
fore, .
"The Congress of. the' Confederate Mat,, nr
America do enact, That during
siere of the Confederate States, the privilege of
".win v rwoisas cortyu pa ani :
hereby, suspended; but such suspension shall
apply only to the cases of persons arrested or de
tained by order of the Presidont. Secretarv of
War, or the, General! Officer commaadiog tho
Trans-Mississippi., Military Deoartmont. hvih
authority, and under the control of tha PpoaT.
dent It is hereby declared that tha
Jvongress in the passage of this act is to provide
mure eaectuauy ior mo piblic safety , by sus
pending tho writ of Aniens corpus in the follow
ing cases and no other :
"is Gf treason, or treasonable efforts or com-
binations to subvert the government of the Oon
federate States. ; ;
II. Of conspiracies to. overthrow tho govern
ment, or conspiracies to resist the lawful au
thority of thejCon federate States.
"Ill- Of combining to assist the enemy or of
communicating intelligence to the enemy, or
giving him aid and comfort. ?
utV. Of oot piracies, preparations and at
tempts to ifceite servile insurrection.
,ey. Of desertions or eacour aging desertions,'
of harboring deserters, and of attempt to avojd
military service : Provided. That in case of pal
pable wrong and oppression by airy subordinate
officer upon any party who does not legally owe
military service, hiaeuperior ofllcer shall grant
pronpt relief to tho oppressed party, and the
subordinate shall be dismissed from office.
' jVI. Of spies and Other emissaries ot the ene4
. tVLT. Of holding correpondonce or inter
course with the enemy, without necessity, and
without the permission of the Confederate
Slates ' ' ' ' j
VIII. Of unlawful trading with the enemy.
and other offences against the laws of the Con
federate States, enacted to promote their suecfiee
in the war.
IX. Of conspiracies, or attempls to liberate
prisoners of war held by tho Confederate States.
iX. Of conspiracies, or attempts or prepara
tions to, aid the enemy. ;
Of persons advising er inciting others to
abandon the Confederate caoieor to resist the
Confederate States, or to adhere to the enemy.
''Xll. Of unlawfully bur niag,. destroying or
injuring, or attempUng to burn,etroyr injur
any bridge or railroad, or telegraphic line of
communications or property, 'with the intent of
aidine the enemy. 1
"XlII Qf, treasonable designs to impair the
military power of the Government by . destroy
ing, or attempting to destroy,' the vessels or arms,
munitions of war, or arsenals, foundries, Work
shops, or other property of- tHe Confederate
.Stales. - .
. , '1SiC. 2. The President, shall caose proper
bflcors to irjvosU ;ate the casos of all persons so
arrested, or detained, in order that they may be
discharged if improperly detained, 1 unless ' they
can be speedily tried in due course of law. J
'-8ic. 3. That during the suspension aforesaid,
no military or other officer, shall be , compelleeV
in .anywm pi naoeas prpus wappear in person,
Thomas Bocock,
Speaker H. of R
.Walter Prestonr
John .McQueen, .-
Charles WJRussell, ,
W Lander,
A H Cofl row,
0 J Munnerlvn.
Thomas S Ashe,' - ,
O R Singleton,
J L Pgb, -AH
Arlington;
Wall4r. R Staples,
A; R Bother,
Thomas 'J Foster,
W BSnaftb,
K B HilU n,
Charles' JVilIere,
J W MW
Lacion J fuprcf
John C Atkin, .
Israel Welsh, H
Wra G Swan,
FB Sexton,
T-L Burnett, t
Geo. G Vest, :
Wra. Porcher Miles.
F Barksdalo, - if
Charles F Collier,
FWGray, ;
WW Clarke,
Wm. W Boyce,
ur w return mo uoay pi. any. person or persons
detained by him,' bythe authority of, the PresU
dent. SecreUry of Wan or the General officer
Rob't, 4i Breckinridge, John. Jl Chambliis,
Sit.
John;M LJLrtin,
Porter.XngTm,
AJLGarland,
E SDargan4
Jj Jfunsten,
TbomasiD HbDeWtlf,
J R McLean. -
R B Bridgory,
Q .W Jones, - ;
BSGaither,
George yr: fi wing, V
W,D Holder. V, . t
Danr.WXewis,. Henry E tSmd,"
A J Davidson,
M U MacwilHe,
James Lyons,
Casper W Bell,
John J McRae,
John Perkins, Jr.,
Row Johnson,
James Farijow,, ;
W l6impeon,
I Laciua J Gattrell,
m x.uraam;
John B Baldwin,
B It Bruce !
Thcmla-BrHanly,
W PChiltoa, j.
A H Kenan, .. .
C M Conrad,
EC M Bruce,"
David Clopton, !
W B Machon,
X C DeJarnatte,
H O Chambers.
com miniJing the Trans-MUaisiippi Doparmeot ;
out upon me ceruncato, jinaer oatn w tne om
,cer liaylng charge if any . one so. detained, that
siiclji person. is detaXned by !him as a prisoner for
any. of ihjcaosee herein , before .specified, j under
the iauthority aforesaid, fu'rthei, prpceedinrs un.
de ;he 'writ; of habeas corpus shall immediately
cease and remain uspeoded so long as this act
shall continue in force.
"Sxo. 4. This act shall; continue in force for
ninety days after the next meeting of Congress,
n.;n;O.l0ir' r : . ; i t ' : ' 1 H, ' "
elar ibatthe President and Superintond
entbf the Southern Teleerapb Auuviatfon arA
carding the arrest of the operator In the various
citi'a who have, formed an association- for se.f
prd iociiofl, nd-that several have been! tent to
canips of inatruclion. Such a course was scarce
ly Necessary, unless "dictated by extremely small
miMittf tot we know that some of these gentle
.me f would .rather be i n the-- rankay with xauskela -on
j, their,, sbouldera, than eagagedi inhe per
forinanco of tasks' in which they pave ex perience
edoaly'injiMiica and a tolerable shade oftyran- "
' - - -' u .
? Tha press, and people are; indebted -to these
self fame gfrnUeman tor all they have received of
nws during tho war, and our. journal, at least
shalt ba one that will tot forget i(s'gt atitude.
CblumUa Souih Carolinian. - 1 1 1
,WM?aaaaaeMaaaaaaaiaaaaaa
T1TOTICE ITO: FAUMERS i Aim ' PlJUf
jilt TERS.-1 have a Urge lett of JENT CLOTH,
mutable for bailing oottoo aad for Wjacon covers, sell
ing cheap. Also the highest cash ' prioe bal J for oot
too raga. oast and wrought iron aad all kinds of fur.
feb 2-d6tw3t
JOHN P. AVBRT&
2Tol9 Old stxeti
'yy-
3-
r