i : -,i -
'" - ' ,' v ! i'.'n' 'liMl ti,n.i imIII "II I ijn'i.il 'I i i-i. !
Srt wlf irSipancc from :M6Sk vdf; Niw.Yo, &MWt: the. ftrmig, :titaify W8!fi
ihere coiiU lit
;a.lth6
cKer the iubjea or the rje,H?futiofi rHIVXhatthe jiidKtarlaw palicd I
it i,, ihri inmiifi a law. wuicn u
had been theerlett ot a ihjx ot pair
fiun fceepealed Ay reflux of
Wn intrrifincrd at theoeriod'of an
igyaarninuirauon. i r
;Bttei-iy. the republican: fide
Senate ; and, he trufted that
fcedn refill
flf4he Seriate ; anH, he uufted that
novri r the return bl' reafoni U
would le repealed; t . . v
An allu ton had been made - to
the legiilaiire of Maryland, which
fod repealea Jaw refuting the
jtitiat3f.;Mr.;AV. here quoted
th0 cbniUtution ofitHat-State, -whbfe
proviHons; fo far refpecied the;
tenurejote;o1fi:eei)f aaecbr?
rfoonded with thofe-of -theconi
tutiori of thelfnited States; Thele
giflature of that State had been of
opinion, and cbrreQly. too, ;tjat.
they did poffefs the power to repeal
a ldWbrmeii"byitheirpredeceHor.
And the Legifl aure of vt he United
iiaies pofleiTed the fame poVcr.
This they had already determined
by the p very aft of laft1 rVffioii,
Avhicli'vhilet: crated M prflbrr
of new judged abpliined the oices
pi feveralBifiricl judges , J . o
. , It was clear that ..the cb"n dilution
toeaht to guar dihtf officer a"fjd ribi
the ofEce? WiU faia;-tHit;
VliatiBe LeHlatdjf nHtofef
ithcyjotanpihU
ven ,asTo the fudges of the
picme; coiirt, had 'not'the law fir ft
conftituted ftx - and was it hot
now feduced by-law o five i Ancf
if Congrcfs has power to reduce
the number of the Superior, have
thev not the Fame power to reduce
ihenumber of theiIhtcrior fudires ?,
Are wto be eternally bound ,by
the: principles of a law which
Oujht never to have been pa fled rv
Why the expreffionn the tbn'
ilitution, " The judicial power $U
be vefted in fach infeiior court as
Gongrefs may, from time to time,
Qrdain and eUablilh," if it had been
intended, as is. now contended,
that the office beingbnee be (lowed,
no cHance can be made.
if.the cafe of thofe; yho 4iave
accepled thefe offices be confidered
as a lurd dne, may it not be faid4
thai : t they, kriew the conilitution;
and the tenure by which their offices
wrr e to be held. In our regard for
in.lividiul intereft, . we pught not
to TdcTifice the great latefeftsof odr
co u n't r y ; and was i( ttbt dent on ft rati
blej that if a t Judges Were foffiei
cnt when 1 200 fuits estt tfieV
Were equally fd w hen there wrtiri
no more than 700. V f j ':
The gent lematifrom
ryland was the only State that haa
repealed a law sreitjhg jtidicj
winces, v rrginia. it ne was xxp
mifinformed, had done the .fame
thing But we wanted not thefe
: precedents.f Ouff oifttafchives
furnHhed m with abiihdarit precii
dents. We had reduced tM judges
01 tne duptetne court trom jix to
five, we had annihifated 'twbidif
triQs. The very gentlemertxippp-
iea now to the reppt bttfielaw
had voedjfor theieeafuf e
it appeared, that thoughhe con ftii
tution juftified the tueaiure tkitil It
prohibited it new I A ; ' ''K!
! ! Believing the judiciary lagbf
wft feflion hd arifen irotn ardtfob
uon 10 provwe jonjtnevwarm
"lends of the cxifting admimftrati
on; believing that great nicdtivcni
ences had anfonljitdir it V belie v
ingits expence to be oppreflive;
jHbelievtng that if onefcgiilature
M a righ to Daft it. another le-
; giffature had the fame: rirhrhb rT-
ial w trufted iKat howeVer a
mt iMimn tiiirtrHarv na .
UUliat we have a right to repeal 1
arU ought to xercife that rigjj
j perfecv novel, anfl common ts my j
htrrbute M admirationf This the j
11 firll'timi I ever heardfthe utihtv bt
firft!tim? l ever heard the utihty bt
courts oJtiftice etUmated by the
hutnberof fuits tarried foefbie them.
I have reiVth a celebrated mor
narch of HiUn i tne gicat Alfred,
had ena&ea fuch laws, eftablithed
fuch tribunals, arid organized fuch
a fyffem oi police, .that a purfe of
gold might Ve hung up on' tie-high
wayv witholt arty daiiger pf being
taken. 4 Hai Jhie Hon . gent leman
frbio Keptutky -exi (led , in thole
day s, he .woild perhaps have atf
tetripted to convince old, Alfied.
that what he cii fide red as the glory
of his rdgh js its griaieft evil
f or tafctng j-tns untrequency of
crimes as a plbbf that: tribuqah
were unneceuary.iana tnus botaiy
fubft ituting' eff& for caufe, the
gcht lerriati tHightaemonftrate thes in
utiiitybjLany inlitutibhi at
tern dt rearonindthe riiyfl fallacu
ous. -
BuCjf eith lft bodr meafire
ui mutiny Hiapteaiiea My?
10 2ive me, I martn on tbit nrouin
WhtcliJI B v!bcek:accuftametl v to
deemfblidrimiitd
io iar as inc xerrcror, our juliciai
iriftitutions preveited thepefnetra-
tion 01 dimes, irynai tame degree
are thpfe infticutidna dietiil. This
would be my mo4e of reafoning,
But. fctr the wonderful dtfcbverV
of the Hob. movWi of the refo'i
tution. u
We have beii tbM of the reat
e;pence bl the JadikUry- that u
amounts to t 7,000 Idollars. And
thus attributing the whole eperice
01 niecuaojiin mem tounis panic u.
lar law, 11 nas oeen auumea m ar
gu merit j ihat lo repVal the law,
rouia pe 10 lave 137JOOO oonars.
f f the biher arith metiVai .calcula
tions of the geutlemah arei equally
lacorrecxi nis inrerenees ; wm oe
entitled tdf but iiufe aUeAtibnl 1
O f ftr i Turn it appear! from ire-
pdtt of thelSeetrV bj the ffrea.
fury, that il&dof iajfiire forthj
confirisent expences of itiries; miX !
ncnesi xc. j wnicn lervcs in tome
meature to ine w that it lsjeipetf d -much
bufinefs will aatfallv bl
llfliiri - . - 1 i. ;
, The eicfeiiS iijflfcffii
jaw' i w is prupoieu torrtDeaja
mounts 10 90,009 aous. -crciaiive
i .-jr '-. t.: 1' .- -,f i 'i - Tri1.1-?. tV" j -
oitten.ujattdd
topoJ dbllaftMJKufefeli
flinlhiran
IthodiMtdl diotla
iibn thii'fii
trie Unite4i itate,?aecbminif tb
the cenfui Uiayft eri1- t 1
win nna inat eacn wmviauai wih
jinugnmcant favmg pf i cent a man;
we afe called oTOyeWa1l
that fijabl 5 ' '
One pf the creit purpbfiM I of a
goyernmehr, m tol feturt thi lpe
uic nun? iwiviui iuyuvur , w
reaay. tdi repet ittcn invattonre-
bflcer brecbtrie rceflarylp)yiejet
iti-Vf-Bucn aniriyalorti iiowevcrv
may or mayj rJbC u
j judge froratceTUtrt oieU
pefore ; qs, thqlc who l adininifier
puraffairt haVe but iutlpaerien
fiori of that event, If then there
.be; ittiejo:;iucn Jf
t:ic peopije pc luincieniiyiiccuref
ag ; oft it J & hat clfc havei tlfey ?v
turn ; thtr lworo agamitiQur ou
iomi. - mcv raav cjevaic a cu pi iv
ctfiipotic owcr. AOtff. wri4i ganger
hto be apprchendeid' from an army
ctcw iy ncm, vy nis lyiciy j
Sixy: jiidg 'pf the Supreme CoMri
to ritUC the circuiu of America
to ride; the circuity of America
twice a j ear4 and fit;twice a. year
at the feat of govemmeit). ;Wih
out enquiring inifi the accuracy of
the ftatemeht tnadet) 'jtBe-Jgent?e?
man refpeeting the courts ot jJbng.
I imd, in which I apprehend he Mfill
fin 1 himfelf deceived i let tWte'afk
waat would be the effect ofthe bid
G ftenthere ? Caftan eye oVeribe
extent of our country, and a mo
ment's confideratton will . fhew,
that the firft magifra-e, infeletting
a character for -the bench i mult
fcek lefs the learning of the judge,
than the agility ol the pojt-boy.
Can it bejpoflible, that rnen ad.
vanced, in years, for fqch, alone
canhavejthe maturity jot' judg
ment Suing for the office, that men
who frxm their habits of life;muft
have more ftreitgth of mmd than
of body ; is it, I Uy, poflibie that
fuch ien . can be.runmng from one
end f the continent tb. the other ?
or if-they cou 1 d, (. cai theVyft rid
t)iplo hear anjptie ipatifes ? , I
hi veeeri 6lifvn1efl' of eminen ce
on the 'bench, that they: couil ncr
h old their bffi cei tinner the old r
rangernent,; .. ! ; v .
What isthe prefentfvftem? You
have added to the id ju.djjes teyen I
diftrict, and Uxteen circuit judges, j
What will be the effect of the re
peal 'firid ? Will it -not be ade
cJaratibn to th reliiaining judges,
that theiy hold their offices, f ubject
to yotlr will and pleafure.?;. And
what will be the refult'of this ?jklt
will be that the check cftabiHhed
by tUe eonftitution, t fb e 7 1 oJ By
the peoejrid neceflary iri eyery
contemolation of -common lenfe; is
deftrbyed- It hid been fatd; and
jrulv tdo,f -Vjhat gbyernmhts "are
ma4tb pxMnii it, follies
ancf vice of mitn? Folia fuppofe
that govern memi reuujpqjijifon.
vil-ja pitiful fplffm it' in an Kind
were realpnate, thwoUld want
pb goyernmerif Hinice checks
$credmreH inhrftiriMib'h of
powr nmong thpfe who aretoexer
cife jt for thte benefit of the people
0ietthePtfbneTA
44 ney vtiadfveuca in- itne'-tuiget' a
MictK ui iuu uru nccnuty, 10 pre-
idciiun irom .innmiaann or; an
jfitfajfrnilp
SPwrV! I -aiciorjrneanaiea
W&&UU;i6iiiM: rirance?
sTve:the
trrourid; &Mko have: I? for thef i3md
fugfebjette ftoopthaf
fiifmrb!. iK6
tthtroitMrierl; r'firll
jp;fikeijiii
lion lcone&4naiyr 't H-
fJus-tfcerf
tietrtef ' we fie oCoriflitritiori-ll
povepi ::thit falHeA
mr. mojtis uuuica iiie.i'ia anicic
meature;, nor ot. 4hofeawno now-
cpuns ictaitJ dc twMiDen. L out
when .eiubhMve,, the Abrd aie
irh'.erative-r a tpiW bftneniltl
dowj fhtfii veil in therrt. And the
jiil l$JJiii hld their offices dut ing
dobelivjour.y'!
r.eteive a4mp.enfati.oni. whjchi
Tribf diThtnilhed duiine their 4oh-
unuance p :otnc .. i noerore.
Whether t he rernir be afpik to
theS3umtuin of compfnfatjpnJ or
tne tenure lOi otnce, tne conuttu
tiork is edualiv imoeTative. l Alter
jthrs expohtion yenilenu-if are we).
come to anV'anvange ; waicli may
be derived! froiii the critictlm on
butj fpr its -'letibuW effects, h Wjji't'd
call plea fa ht, has been made, J the
amount of which is,, that vou lhall
not take the xtianrtrom thr bce,
hut ypu nfay take the onHce frcm
thej man ; 1 011 fhau nt drtVwn, hinii
but you may fink,lis boat from up
der him ; . joiii ftif not purjiim to
death, btitj yop- rhfiy.- take, away5 ftis
life?.; ; The conmutton feci1to!
hi judge tfi' offrcei , iWs'heffKall
iioid; it, trial is, it inatl not pe eri
from himdujinggobd benaviouf
rake awav?, as is the deftiVfWrifof
the office kvouidjnot a effejCjtualy
deprive linn bf it! as theicranftaia
notner perfon., It is adnjit'eg'.no
j)ower derived frpin the cpnmtution
can (icprive ; hrnr .'of - his,"' Office,
and ye! it is conf ended, that byvre-r
peai ot tne law jtnatj otnee rnay. De
deft roved.. Isjrjot this abfurd ?Jf
was laid, plhat iftatevet ohcLegif-
lit urc cariHdbj, bribi He r Ca n ItfhdbJ;
becaufe nyledtariire can" bind it
iucceuribflljtereh
we make wcipari deflirpy: f , l his 1
p&ihebuiid pf reifbriartd
opane ground or tne. conititation.
What: cah.a niah deftiov own
clii ldrcnrl Can jy o u!an n u I y $ur wri
cpm pac is? r; vM v P 1 Pm atet-ne
public debf j When yoif have by
law, created .a political 4exiftenc;
can ypu,by repealin
diffolve the cbrboration vbu had
macle? hep by fourjawyofii
give, tp, fan jinaiyinuai ,:anyifignt
whatcyei:; can you by a fubfequem
law rjihtfuiryitak:it'w
f what ;fpfs yniwjh&joi; the
Mdbf cntrwilflrikea
uppn iat- a peri ofl rpbherf fceyery
liorie ftiiyirt rc;
Who will t f ;VpUi vr hf n y b u re
riie;, bet icompVfea Mi
IwMJinlcbnltit
ifatjtVf lawSkv'v ; -i-ff : rtu4)
Genilemehf (ay the fyftffi of U
orargu
imentfaie it IMall be'grah leldi j and
without I euechon meets pui td un
iiurprudeptii itdecentil eveni,
tne i-eciuature maL not .dirrumw,
though thiiir bounty may.iri create
viftes per rectiy itbr t.heinsiJaili,ty
of his.teridtej''tf4'i.w
rrov the ofhee ? wtu c h W e ea n ria
me nni to viqute ypur own ,co.n
tisJtf
tfcwt tticleg&rumto
repealevery f, rrfaHe by i bjrecd
trig legiMlnmefiebj
jronisurrufj?
UeiAWWCri IUI VUIC. lUUt IU tUUI.lUW15: ill i70 fHH" i
rtnwlyitJii
JfeM- rbui 1 thaf!;tfcytrrtji.
rfa(e. nd rcl yjng, on hrprcpri
ciplr)i)ns that1 theintrjiat
lein.Wrepale
tnejeieHc: ;
law on k'htUn,pf'et
raxe$, Tnufctaln
thepn-exiflnce of a laW that yet v
infe,iftorn.:1tiirdeftr
tibh, lirtdi :tfije :,c;cijb (p41latt:;
of jph'undei: it;.the inutiiiry bf 'thfi "
judjefary eibiilrimepvii
nas,camea i point, narne
dpw n,thei j 1 1 cHt tit J:;y ft cpt 11 yit"
rrrKtheint.eiViptp
vpcMci Jnisrieafi3re ntmMvL
aMe4an
io have rhbte bower: Wfc are
that! tjiy arethe legirtmateW
iiiiiijwocnvine cpizen isj
nroteiopiI Jiaru
&P;tpffe
bnpiibieL
w wrcicrtf k v.w noviats 1 n tne
nave Jiajuimci1 iafcniurceiinc . i ; - 'f
lions irora omj:e f i jimpfiaenrnot' y
conftilutipri., T appeal tb heir?ie ; "
t anothccoriyemiOnrbe.atfe
time Was there a rribnierit oiprpBi
ui as. that , in ffeicfnei
LVejum aflbI4 I ,
been convinced bypieJapcIJbJy- f
p;erienc howitiad
were , tp 1 he hianaaement . of our
national cpneerm. ,,Jfie pallibris of
;pcpleiw:frlWle
Suter prpe flun3ib!erea-tlie;;-'cptf :
tutip'rtywai; prbmuliatedan3jp3 I .
pbfition was formed v but it" was jzf
yiriu lie people tof merjca; r
bound thejStates down bytfiis corn
f; ype great.proyificm of thwxomw ,,
actt ia pro vi fibit that ex rubned thter
twiyofibiibtif
yepues arcio -pefreprwayyo1i ;t ;
fole f eliance:muff he- on'mmerL-i
J;ii rj r :tb::.XLfc" n;
.iin(Lp.iyoiitrwii:.a fa
ipq icingx atia;CpRicience$pt t i
rttpMutlTefeem
luuiucin iiin uaiun is oiuoivea,Twe,
slls of biilbrvc
fe,k Int iheSecprdtbf thf
wfeatjhasieeji; '
larityPWliry !are weere'''iiy3rV . :
a!pecmf;theiMeat
tp favtHcmlrpip erhe;:whai .i; $
OlecpflR$mie;:?dAnia .
wflcbvlfllm '
io jincsTOjce- pi ,peacu Wf5"f?-"
-1 1
it- .. B
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t.-r.
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