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DISPUTE with G BRITAIN.
' Debate on
Mel. Gkkog's Resolvtxov.
r,v -Mkl MAOON'f SPEECH v
1 Concludedfrom our tut. ?
k Taesday, March 11, ISOfly ' ;
Permit mejMr. Chairman to re
turn my thanks to the? committer
for their indylgence yesterday ; I
if as then too miich exhausted to Jiave
concluded - tHe observations ' I wished
; to 'make I was then; shewing V- th
fate of a few nations who had ; at
tempted to protect the canrinj trade
by war. ! ; It has,' I belieVe, been jbe
fate ofiWho -thade the atiemptj
Greatntain 'alone excepted, artd
most tremendous war, atmost joTer-
loaded with taxes, and tottering un
der her public debt. Can any fact
more clearly illustrate the advantage-
ot the peace orer the war system,
than a comparison -of the tomiage
between the United States and Great
B itain,in 1789 and now Ours has
beeft the beace hers the war svs-1
tern, and we have probably increased j
ten 'to her one' It.seems tome that
it isamposslbl for any nation to car-1
ry oil the whole trade bfithe world ; j
and every attempt to force trade, is
acting under, the idea, that ft , can be
done, ana every attempt made to
engross th whole carrying traders
acting under the simeimptv'?on.
T h e I af g(tf;r'c pi t atist s in the U n fed
Srates are concerned in this busi
ness 'I vvbb not to meddle with-it,
but leave it, iik evty other branch
cf induury, tcr' find its own level.
They may Otd read war, because
they majr employ their stock in ano
ther Vayf But what is to become of I
those less rich, especially young be
pinners ? They must be ruined. If
the resolution produces any prejudi
ciai;eflfccts, it rniist be on the carry
ing trao. tt does no' appear to be
intended for any thing else, and no
one can believe that it will operate
favorably to the seamen.
The measure. yill not only affect
the; revenue paid on - the tonnage of j
vessels, and on the importation of;
goods, but it will also., affect -the re
yam? to be derived from Vheisle of
the public lands ;Jt must ery consi
derably lessen, the , number of pur
chasers, and may ruin manyewho
hn-e already purchased in vOhio.
Many, no doubt, who h.iv removed
to t h a t St ate ha ye ; sold thei r property-
on a cwdit, to meet lhepay
ments whish the'y wire to make fo
the lands there purchased of the
Statcs. Stop, by your measures, the
sale of produce, or , reduce thepriee
thereof .to al most nothing, an4tnwi i
are these people to get paid for the
property sold before they went to
Ohio? Aisappojntmentq; -tnem
may be ruinous y ifinay cause them
to lose the lanjd and all .the improve
ments made on it. They have not
quite so quick a remedy against their
unfortunatetlebtors, as the United
States will have against them. You j
may turn the people off the land, and
nearly dipbulate the State, but you
wiigetnp money.
It Irett jjtndent, from an argu
merit of tligentleman from New
Yor;(MrrVimams) that the resoi
'luttiin isf'iid're'tpetl to bpirare Iri
juriouslyn the exportation ofVuin
frorji thev middletalea -H told us
that Wemu&t protierct coinmsrce ; 'and
thathe-;"a-- Ta?or of the resolu-.
lin,mearljng I Suppose t tKere-;
solution would protect it) or thepeo!-'
pl in th backvct)untry wouidrtni
too much wKiskey - If; therf tnere-
solution Will protect commerce, and ?
tnereby' insiire ' the exportation of
grain,t1iere.will not be grain left in
th country to make whiskyit This I
country to maK:e wnisky. 1 his
l n som d mea siir e ackno wi etf 0 ug ;
tiat for whiehwe have been con-;
vk-tiuiuc, 10 witv mat tne resolution
dl operate- partially ; but I denrl
' . "T"
mo people in mat part ot tne
country are more in the habits of in
toxication than.tbeir neighbours in
ther bafts of the union Thiey are
They
s.raoral,
4s. industrious, and as ho
nest;; as those living elsewhere:- I
do not contend that they are superi
p nly that ihev Safe eaua!. . , ;
. Much has Jeenaid dbpuhpj
vuc nation, ana mat we are tari
tehind it ; 'meaning I suppose those j
wh oppose the resolution; , As tol
part. Z do not fcnoV how Uxe spi-i
ntot the nation has been ascertain--)
ed There is ho -manifestation of iti
qw the table. It h howevertrue hat
twe towns have sent rt solutions
pledging their liyes and fortunes to
support whatever measures Congress
ma adopt There are also icyeral
memorials from, the merchants and
insurance companies ; but if gentle
men take these for the manifesta
tion of the national spirit, they are I
think mistaken, t The national spirit
is to be Found no w.here birt among
those 'who are to fitrht your battles
-These people may, for ought I know,
be of that number. Thty may have
baen before Tripoli, and they may
be now ready to enter into the array
pr iv Addresses, we well know,
;JIv$i6t fight bdttles nor fi J regi
ments. VVe havef seen in former,
days the Speaker's table loaded with
addresses from almost every part oi
the union, pledging also their lives
and fortunes, to support anr mea
sures that the then administration
might adopt. What was done? A
mong other acts, oqe was passed to
raise tvelve regiments of infantry.
There was no difficulty in getting of
ficers, unless, intleed, it was to make
the selection out of the great num
ber that applied. Bui how was it a
bout privates; instead of getting e
nough for the twelve regiments,
scarcely enough for. four could bt
enlisted. At that time we heard a
great deal loo about the spirit of the
nation, and saw a something of the
spirit then talked of in a. corps called
- - Blues. Those who then spoke
of the spirit of the nation, were de
ceived ; they took the vapouring of
the towris and the noise ot the ad
dressers to be really the spirit of the
nation. But, be assured, sir, that
whenever the 'spirit of this nation
m shall move, tht every individual in
every department of the overnmcit
will ' move too !
The ocean must be considered A
common and (divided property, to
which each nation has a right; hence
the difficulty of affording the same
security and protection there as on
land, where each knows the spot
where iris dominie ends, and ' his
neighbours begins.' It is in vain,
therefore, thel ptesent real sii.ua
tion of the. United States being con
sidertd, tQ.expect from her that per
fect protection on the ocean, which
she can afford within her territorial
limits ; I believe this cannot be done
even to that part of the ocean from
whence we get a part of our ex
ports ; other jialions' also frequent
Ithe same place1, for the same pur-
pose ; tnis nice tne rest is joint pro
perty ; not so with our land, no na
tion pretends to claim a right to cul
tivate that." vV;
Permit me here to remark, though,
not directly connected with my last
obser- at;on ; that I consider the re
port of t''ie secretary of the treasury,
to be as correct as any man living
could make it iL And that from cus
tom-house booki it is impossible to
obtain that information, which could1
really shew the true balance of
trade, -; ' -: . .'
-A gentleman from Pennsylvania
(Mr. Findleyy nas 'gVaVely told us,
that h would do more harm, since
jHe v;resolution has . beeii taken into,
consideration, t( reject it, than if it
rhad " never been broucrhc. This is
pfadn those ,wht)o not like it, or
who prefer any of the other' resolu
tioh, in a strange "dilemma. The
friends pi it ought to have thought
ofithis before they - went into- the
(iiscussion; ' If any iniufy should be
produced, cither by the 'rejection or
me aaowipn, vncy are xo uiamc, anu
ot those, who oppose it. It is their
i measure,5 not, burs.' It is,: ih' fact
endeavouring! to thfovr the:lblamewof
n endeavouring
thfo
"th. etr conduct j on" i
tleman hiade ' a
us
same gen-
very
unfephate
wag-
II. .1 . . . i v
comparison, wnenne com
gnusy, carrying out flour to .market;
r to vessels engagca in me car?ynij5
tike. fcwaggon is only Jntehded
to carrjf outiowj,po
own ; jroeliiaildc; vessels .are
engaged in carrying foreign prpiluce
to
j. " - J-i--it-:tei: u '
markets
nation protecting duties, to encoi
rage the1 owning; of vessels ; whi
Lt
to ehcou-
the!wner of tthewaggon. is left to
depend onlfci Industry 'todiUalU;
And 4f.any man should ask the go-
1 1. veniBjent to give cucwujreiusy t. m
!!-..? lv-'.. rt- ' . .
the' employment of waggons, he
would he laughed at ; yet waggonfe
are certainly as necessary as vessel
The one carries loads of our own
productions, to our own markets:;
while the, other, which is engagec
in. the fair trade, for home, con
sumption, carries cargoes of them,
foreign markets. - C-
c A gentleman from Maryland (Mr,
M'C'reery) in Order .to induce us tr.
adopt the resplution has informed
us, that the towscJn proportion
their, numbers, pay mare taxhan
the country: He did not . prove the
fact to be so;' hecannOf. XThe
towns, I apprehend, pay little or no
tax. Their merchants and mecha
hies, who 1 act prudentlyalculater.:
on, and generally get, a certain prH
fit. You cannoi tax the capital of
the merchant or trader. Impost
whatever duty, you shall please oh
goods ; he immediately considers ii
like first cost, and charges the sarnt
profit oa it. . The consumer not on
v pays the tarvand charges on the
merchandize, but he pays them
with a profit to the merchant.
Whenever a merchant live on his
capital, we all know he will soon eat
it out. To the naechanic the go
vernment has giVen.prpJectingduties,
which secures to him the sale of e
very article he may make, at almost j
any price. The eul ivator of tha soil
depends on himself, and is often
comptlled to sell the products of his
land for any price he can get ; be- '
cause they will not keep in good
condition all the year, like the goods
of the merchant and mechanic.
From these considerations, it seems
to me, that it is at least probable,
that the townsjdo not pay more than
their proportion, nor even as much.
The same gentleman told us that
the nation sustained a considerable
los by sending too much tobacco to
England. This seems to me tobe
u Uttie!ikc what we heard about tJhil
balance of trade ; but it may be so.
I will, howtver, state my sentiments
on'the subject. If erroneous, I shall
be glad to have them coriected.
Merchants, like every body else, do
business with a view to gain; and
would they, vear after year, send to-'
jacco to England, if they could do
belter by sending;it to the, continent?
I presume they would not. Thty
understand their huwiness, , and ge
nerally do thai which; is, lest calcu
lated to promote, their, interest. In
examining this subject, we ought
to take into consideration the profit
to be made on the whele voyage, not
barely the priceof a single article t t
a particular place The place where
the, whole, exported cargo , can be
sold dearest, and the imported oig
bought cheapest, is the place which
will always give , the midst profit. If
a merchant'should send a cargo of
tobacco JLO .England, and wished a
few piece of Russia sheeting in re
turn cargo, would it not be better to
purchase them there, tfian send his
vessel to Russia for hem, where
they could be a little cheaper. He
would,', I conceiv, actually $ave by
doing. I vish the gentleman had
tod us, thplaces where theobac
COTrbight have been txorted to, so
as to save ail that he now thinks we
lose, by sending it to England. - I
should have been glad to have been
informed, whether the places were
Lknbwn to ptisHss mercantile eapital,
ana, wnciner mcrwiictni oi wuhji
4charactfer lived at them f thag
cnp)f charactery to "which a prudeiff
Jtnahhight wwith . safety; consign a
valuable : cargbif He did not tell us
that wi lost by sending ot,ton to G."
prjtaint may, therefore, be pre
sumed, that i could no sold any
9feielse atihis me, jftlmore ad
yantlger Isth'ere.any other, . coun
try in lEuropc, now prepared t'anja-nufacture-
it ? Jrl believe hot hoi
will it be purchased by any. to lay Up,
until able to doit.. Before it Is pos-
si Die to manuraciure, mecnamcs,
who understand the business, must
be obtained. -Neither cViL they,- nor
necessary machinery be got in a cay.
It is how well khownf 'that since the
introduction of ' labour-saving ina
cbinIiinfuinfabtures do not depend
so much on the nuwber of people as
formerly. v I as; whaVcbuntryton
the i cbntiaent of Europe convulsed
s'she is p'freeepri jcanffera
rnarket' for this article', JWhatbun
ivy is bow v tuuatioa W
cominenc lirge; 'aud'eitenifve es
tablishments, to manufactnrc" firx
lortation? Tsh Germany--overrun ?
3r is it France, raisiiig:'e,very man
he can to make neWionqiiests"? II
hey have mechanics) merchants
ioTh,is the skill of the? one or; the1
eputation of. the other 'know??, t
fear not. Sir, I wtuld to God that
ve had not sq much commercial in
crest with Great-Brjtain, and 1 sm'
rely wish our commerce wasmore
qually, divided among tbtt nations
f the eartK, than it is ilbut 1 Ifuow;
lot now mis is to De done t rade
hrives best when left to itself.- The
merchant must be left to trade in
the way he most approves ;' pvpvtd-,
ed he shall not hazard the peace of
the country thereby. . '
The; gentleman from Vermont
(Mr. Elliot) has told us that 6y a
lopting the resolution, we shall en
courage other European nations to
manufacture fbr us. It - is.TT con
ceive, quite enough for the agricuU
ural part of the community, to pay
heir money to encourage themanu-
uctures of tliis country . It is as
nuch as I am willing to do. But i
vjiat 'certainty huve we if we adopt
ne resolution, ana give me propos-
d encouragement, that any one of
hem will leave their present occu
pation, be that what it may, ."to take
our advice. Each one ofthem -may
think that their interest is as Well
understood at home aswe'ean pos-
ibly understand ii.
The gentleman from Massachu
setts (Mr. Bidwell) stated the case
pi our prisoners at rnpoli, as a case
ih point. He is I think a little mis.
taken. We were at open war with
that power, when the frigate Phila
delphia unfortunately struck on the
rocks in the harbour of Tripoli The
result is knownthe enemy got pos
session of the vessel, and the crew
were made prisoners of war. There
hen existed a state of actual war
between the United States and ;(he
PripoJiians. In the present Xase
we have just cause of complaint a
gainst Britain y and are en ieavour-
ng to have them settled by negocia
tion. 1 win state a case which
seems to. me to compare belter with
he situation of ur unfortunate.
pouhtry.men who may how be im
pressed cn board the British' shipV
of war. It is the case of Captain
O'Brian and his Crew, who were
captured by the Algerines, and re
m amed with them so lens, that I.
lelieve the Captain in the latter part
of tlie time, dated all his letters to4
his friend, by the year of his capti
vity v, I have understood that they
suffered as much as any people
could bear... We. had then, I believe
no addresses, no resolutions, hor mr-
tnorials from merchants and insur-
ance companies, out this case may.
not be thought to apply to that pah
of our complaints which-.relate to
the capture of our vessels carrying
coffee and sugar to France and Spain
by the British armed ships. I will
state one which r think has some;
it is the case of Scott of South-Caro
lina, Which has been decided in this
house. He claimed pay for proper
ty, taken bythe Indians at a time
when no open and declared war, ex
isted, le got nothing from t he na
tional government.; The United
States in a subsequent treaty . grave
the propctty up to the Indians. ';f ofcf
lieVe at the time it was,takehisome
hostilities had been committed. Per?
iit me hereto observe that no agent7
was appointed by thegb veniment to
endeavor- to recover this property,
and'Vhat I well recollect, when , the
claim was under debate, that it -was
stated by a memper ,of .the house
that; one of the Indian agents had got
tne treaty at ni oesir&vso. lornea,
as 10 rennquisn a ciaim w mc pro
perty. . 'w
! Si iiave endeavourctl to confine
my observations, to the resolution
how uuder consideration, and to n-
tnat : wotie; ; examining uiis 1 nave
also paid some Attention to thefotheirs
0n the- table i wish gentlemen
before they vote, would seriously
eonsl -er whether this is the Ue ? J
tbinktt is jiot.. 3 WJien we reflect on
the . happisvesss we enjpy, the pros
perity rot: the nation, the growth 01
thev wllages,. towns and cities 'the
improvio tu of 'frgicultur, the
swer drie 'of 'the" arguments urged
forispivihousfi! I confess,
number of turnpike roads bridees.
and canalsi 1 whic h are4ridertkn ii?: I
many ( arts of (hej(fipi..and5 taljvJ
one improper- act . ,vn t j 'alter ' for I
ii nie.;imv;nappy Ktatew 7anci reiara riz :fy
very im prove m ct&i . weought , to WT"
cautious " before,, we chahfeithiv:
ground on which we stand Cbin
plaints have bptvt tn acr'ojT delay ;6nfv. ;
Jhis irhportt. arejn " -
my opiniohi.wiiho:it" fdWdilonr;? J "CT'
ts i-A j . - i -
Jt i euui red "st iii dehbe faiion"-;
and no time hwsbeen li.sti ; It is 1-. .r
.wajrs far .better to decide l ight ly thaifv-'i
quickly fit is Jm material: tcfher"
Batitins,.vhat esumate we &xmotC
our own strength, thei e are two Tuh&
by whhith will judge ; theniim--t
.ber JfVhVva'))d.j$e state- of th ; )
;treasurv'lhdiged; ;Uems of lat;
to hve become mskim in .War, ? r'
that the- longest 'ufsy-the longrist-r ?
sworcU- It is' tide that we haveasirt--
gle million m the treasury Cdapare'f
if is equally iftue- (hat resolutictn": .n
are btfore usv'whichVif adopted,: will
require at least mat sum to carry.'
them into execution. In this sitiia-'.
lion, xiught we to take meaiuics
which may engager the;, revtnuet V
WithouVprovidi noways iiifi' means "
to mceV any deficieijiy Wetalk
t war with an almost mpty trea, L
sury ; no t w things can" be less coh K , .
hecttd, except that they are both"
bad. I have slated that, which l-. S.
Reared to me, to be the best plan to"' i -
secure bur amen from impress '1
me nt ; but the nuh who shall ac VV,.
tu-tliy produce the plan, which. shall v -i?
have that effect, w ill deserve the gray - j
tittide of jthe nation. k . . ; J
IfV this time of dilficutty we a?v . ; !
all embarked in the.. same ship mjr v
ardent prayer is, that whatever shall ",2F
be done, ma) promote the interest"' ' ' ;
and happiness of all. -v
m mm 0P
Wk stern Lands.
TTHE Subscribers residing in Mero
Ditnc Sil ent, Tenessee, hare fatl, i
n ttieir possession for some tiiTK.iaxonctXi.
COpy of ail the warrants issued frofn the of i
ate ot John Armsirong. -lat En try -taker
'-f Western Lands, so far Is regards
Middle District; as at of. all survey ' . v
made and on. which grants bivc issued m,;
he said district ; that from the possessfpii
of those iWumerits, aarell as from ictuat
surve s made on the Drtm.ses. thev hw
nearly jmpkte4 t a , cy.iaecced la t of th :
said Wye of the lands entered and not
surveyed and of vtesVcaTt land on thtf a
Duck aud ElKriyernd the creeks which. :
make htiQ tM;sam. '. , :
They are autn rsfd to infsrm those who
ma be interes'ed:ii ands . lying in that ' ;
part of the country, thahyxa shew the- '
umber 1?" eaci warrant.? to htm issued . 4
it" the landsaVe surveyed tij whom surveyed s J
and when, the date ot the "grant,' where f j
the lands Ue, their value, whcrajoJnUg
invi?rference-fan),jind vdity of uije j A
We.i-jt is' UfUerstoodtthat the Duck. f
iMutikinrm, wnntneirtnbiufary streams,. -spread
ttirough an, euer.ve . and thicklr
c veried country of Carte, and that locator
were m copstaut-aanger IfOm the Indians, '
it will natbe thpuht strange that lotatitXa.V-
utwi iii4uc upun location n the same' . f -.
crater course fienng only b the name. A
ano iliatfrtn the same caase snrveyi have V
wucHuwna periecied, the lines rtr -whereof,
interfere iCpiajiy instauces j -tbatr ;
nany of tn locajj6ns in, the .warrant -jet: ;
o. be acted uppfare vague"and indefinite r
r.i acscrmuon sftnce it ,hkk bfn Lfr..m.i
'Drivritv.ot fla.mti
laborious undertaking titrate -the lines ToF 1 .
surveys or to fix Hth;irtaiiy thep-'.. , i
aity ow location or ith$prjvrhjr" of ciaima f
,t nis nowevet mey reel conndent t asgun 7-
the.fub!ic they are .enabied to do,. as WellT " - fc 1
as to g vein formation in regard to the sitna-;;; ,1
on, quihtyaiid strength of claim r Wz'-J:'-' !
' Gentlemen resid 1 n g 1 n Norih-CarbUaac ts
e4sw iiere claiming lands by virtue of grant j, V, ;
ar warransKuacea oil tat above describe j V
iwaters, or hbklin;warfaftls capable of be L
mg removed, aad$ whtfMay wistheir"
inte xrrA V
Jtamty, or warrant removed,' may berae- - "
eomraodated W appliation to the wbscrU
oers,-iuth chkraoer f igents,ojr byintea; r
resting them in thelaads s v ViU"
W ILL! AM P A NnRH!5nw
-T."'- wfniii.
to
r. 5. Communications mairh S---
Kashvilie, postage paid.. ' . T;:t-
f. tic Qantit cfjn "
r In'AugUst riei.t. it Willie
toelect one pi your feUowiCitizeitf toteprew
sent you in the Coogressof the Cfnited-;
1 are hereby mfooned, tlia -V.v
I oner as a Candidate for that honourable' v'r I
Uppo&itraent. Should I be found to.n4 '
io high toyinir sMrnjbt, as ttobtajj;
a fnaiontjr of yourSul&ragesrest asst4j ;
jredt;tuatCatwUi:) tojen
deavour to ineet; y our expectations its ih '
t'aithfnldiicbarf-mjwy:. ,
.am uenUemen; Wttltdae respect
i , , -f m. uur vBcuieuiaesvarrty
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