' f ,M:-:i;i'r ;l .Kv THURSDAY,' dVEMBER' X 6'i ? 1 80? vr; ViVV-vr- v; -;?V4v.-';
Vol.
"1 ' .'. 1, 1
.
r.' "trrnrth if the rpUX
I'
TO Tiifi jf :Tdia3:
t !TBTThit, l mentioned that you h tf
7 j rest to chK the uncouth
Son after Ihc deseof tbe.irar, it vra
iin by thtac vcrcrablc wgtsi irhphaf!
ccd4 ar "the helm rf BfTaira. thtx)uKh
c cutest that thelrswtrcor
f k t nit end. .-.ThejrjMir, as did every
sl.frierKiao America, that the
ilv.n delegated to Cotrcss by , the
Itrtral States ere tmcqual tothepuf
tes or a government, Mich" a would
comport- with the pure 'and unsullied
tfuracter of their country. They new
thtt htr setting out, into life, like tlie
r.iiczc a fair, mofning. bad been
trAs sod. Her prinriplea jr and U.
ttrat H-r tenpfp sene nd urrn.
ifer conduct regulated. by the ntceat
veps, acd crery thing that wore th
inark of hmV. " Trfey kney that no na
d n eicrlbean vith , a JVirer cnartc
rr than Ameficaand m that none
-cmU Lr under greater obriatlons tp
rrtiene it. But this, they atf cnuld
r. f Le dene, unlesa several Stages, like
Oitmt;U3l5 Ui "wj, - -r -
secure. . :
At this timethe United States were
f.rty millions of dollars in debt,totho-c
vVnrti!udef as vrell os honor, r bound
Ut to pay ; and had no revenue, even
t -ischarKe th interest : or ttos it
Yrfialle he tbuM ever raise an ade
jjte one, under her then existing Con
s:":t'ition. ThHefrc, every Trend to
lis country, every true Republican, wish
ed to have it nrir model'ed, or another
tftcformedl by, ivhich the Fcderalbcad
aJjouM be vested i:h such powers,
es would meet, the exigencies of the
-e. And, Indeed, such a step ras
caed, by the best friends of the coun
try, as a matter of sch important ne
ctity, thit the very cxistenee of the
pvcnimet.t scemeil to "depend upon it
I donot concehe wc can exist Ions as
a nation"; said General Vashinjtrn,
"without lotTgin, wmc" where, a pow
er that will pervade the whole Union in
m energetic a manner as the authority
of ihe. State qovcrnmentt extends over
tae scvcrul Siates." , ' 1
At Irnth, on the 2 1 st oi January,
i7S5t the l.t-ilatuic of Virpfir. adopt
t a Tcsotution, appointing certain com
rj "toners. who were to meet such ar
rt'cht be appointed by the other States
i.i the Union, at a time and place tb be
trte1. upon, to take into consideration
thctftric of the United States ; to con
sider hov? far an uniform system in tbeir
commercial resolutions might be neces
sary to their common interest, and their
permanent harmony , c to report to the
tveral Slates such an act. rel live to
ibis great cbject, as, when unanimously
ratified by them, would enable the U.
States, in Congress assembled, effectu
ally to provide for the same."
Annapolis, m M-iyhr.d, was appoint
ed as the place, and the ensiiinr Sep
tember, as the time of meetir.p. But.
Utarc the period al which these com-
rr.stoners were to assemble, had arri-
vci', the idea was parried by those who
ar and deplond ix complicated cala
tnhics vbich flotrcd from the ineffbacy
u.c gentral s;oterhrnent miich fer-
lfvt-l,"n WJS avovVed by ihresolulion
o, Virginia."
The convention at AnnanoIii waat.
i:a;r5 Having appointed Ir, Dickin
tlietr chairman, ihey then proceed,
to discus the cbjects for which they
, t' ',vtJ5 rouch more ample than hid
ccntudto them., would be renui
'. o miM- lhem to cf7fCt the bencfi-
L r "hich they tnntcmpiatrd.';
, . ii.crU,' reavon, as well as in consi
Wi.on it!JC smill number of. States
wcr Presented, the convention
:;Cmcrd 10 rise, wiihout coming to
. , .cu.uuon on tne nartieu-
J-ct whUh lud been rrnr,
t;u- 1'iistotheiradjodn
rrred. to
idjournaienu
l?T agreed oa a report to be
' " re? pectve brales, in which
T-Frtseatd the necessity of extend
n of lhe federal system
'-aicadtd that cxpuUts,;for.th?v
tturoose. e. appomted by tlie sevcra
LeisUturtSt to meet in conversion, in
the city orhibdelphia;
day o( the ensuing 7t?y't . . ,
Tluis.'fr, vjihdu't.interhiptlGh. did
the people of the United Sr,atrs prK'fcd,
by '5'ovf ami ; progressive steps, towards
the formation of, a new and permanent
conitiujion for their gojemdentand
Hrpuhlicani of ery. class, from one
end of the continent to the other, rcjpi-
cedln the prospect v But, unfortunate
lyj there lufkal in the bsorq oft Ame
rica, an injlkttiiiat party, wh,o were in
imical to a ilepublicai) fjrm of govern
ment. ' fcThis.party bad, cliscQVfred it
self, in an AttVmpC toyterrubt the cfi'
cers of the amr when, on'liie, point of
bci n fii charged, ; by tlie ci rcul ati on of J
in the formation of; the Cincinnaii. . tt
has been said, that it took its , rise , - j
mohg this class of citizens ; but, be jthati
as ic.rnayi is tciuiu uiatauvii a i'1 '
existed and that, at this time, Colonel
Hamilton stood at its. head. v . '
Fo this purpose, he retired to Albany,
where he secluded Jiimself for several
months ; vat the end of wjiich' he ai-
pcared'a V the bar of K5 w- orkV wlisrc,
irj a short timei.he auiuircdh reputi
tioh or'an able ajlvcn ae, in point of le
gal knowledge and rhetorical talents.-.
At' this period, the political sentiments
of Mr. "Hamilton were observed t0
.1 I. -!l 'J... .1 15 t.
cnangc. r rgm ucuig-u jtciinnu ncuu
lican and a defender of. the rights of
America, be gradually imbibed the te
nets of Aristocracy ; until at length he
became the admirer and advocate of c
vcry measure allied with monarchy
44 This change in Mr.; Hamilton's
principles, which at first proceeded from
conviction ; and has since been strength
ened by view's 6f interest, is easy to be
accounted for
u Mr. Hamilton, unfortunately was a
native of that part of thecivilixed world
fl where tyranny prevails, in a man
ner even unknown to the despota of Eu-
rope ; it was utterly impossible, tht the
habits and prejudices the contracted in
his infancy could ever have been eradi
cated. The desire of ambition and pow
er, which pensioned the first drcp-of
blood which ilowed in his veins, couM
only h:we been suppressed by a more
powertul passion ; this was the passion
of war, Mr. Hamilton panted after!
fjme and glory, and joined the Uejmb-J
lican standard as the most promising t
neld for a display of those. powers hej
jui.sc3eii 11c iuuui iui iilci iy iui 111c
same zeal as a Briton would engage in
1 11 r..i.. r 1.1 . i. . 1 1
and while liberty was the object of his j
struggle, he was a KepubUran b;ij,j
when America had precunei her imir
pendence, and, the horrors of a civil war
were at an end,- Mr. Hamilton had no
longer a scope for his nmUition, in the
theatre of arms. In his study of law,
he perceived another path 10 power:
his copious imagination took a rapid sur
vey of hs civil - cods, the fascinating
structure upon wnicn tor leudal system
is-, raised, and1 the combined pohev of
English iuispndencV. In these fa
brics pf huma knowledge, the produc
tion of ages, ,Mr. Hamilton erceived
sometjiingmdfe lofty k tplepdid than in
those simple, forms, which modern Re
publicanism cultivates.; Ihs grandeur
attendant on nereuuary iiues picaseci nis
mind and flattered his vanity, JTif,A-
' m - i' 1 1
mencan lory againsi wnom qc- naa
fought, he now began to defend ; his
cause he espoused,' arid, in every suit
where a loyalist was concerned, Mr.
Hamilton wavthc royal pleader. It is
a certain fact, that a great majority of
iueiojaiisi5, in ine oiaie 01 incw- ior&.
awe. the, restoratibn of their property
solely, to the exertions of his able "ofa
1 . . . , . ......... T
tor." c , : ; , v . ,
Thus'VuaiCed and prepared, Colonel
lamilton arrived himself at the head
bl this formidable conspiracy (for it wis
nothing less) for; tfic ( purpose of exit r-
ininatidg, tf possible every principle of
rtpublicaoistn from the American gu
vernmcnf; ant) your 'party floctcd. to
his standard. ; Here' thert, it was that
voii tool; to Vcurselves d name among
, 'r-''' ' " " "' i f '
ffl. t il .1 f t -i rd t A rtirl!l. Hr
was, that voudiscarded the worn' out
and threal odie name oPfry, too tiir)
tr fWm t tfm v If uniii. 1 c ifnr t,-c
This genti:man, ''when the 7ar was
aVan end,and the army disbanded, be-
took himself to' 'tbVslady of the Uw, j
'r .t.i ..... .. I Ysole and exclusive dircctin ot the Um
of his commander, and the resect ol 6jJf"J fl tf t0 WpP"
his fellow soldiers, was his pride ami I ed ?d cmniSSld b them. . ; t
.miiinn. .In ihithe wMMirtv -Here is a specimen ofthe consutu
au;ric to youifSclrtif thc high '$oufidil-,lioaili;J
J 1 1
auspicisiiSf and plausible title federal
i
ii, ..tl r r.r.-.t
trf rt Lveretivitn tnts mask, and Jieau
cid by, some, of the bettt bloodfof the pa
tioa, you i immediately; raised -tlie' cry a-
gamst republicanism', &nd-used everV"
f r- inn fVr. it nvplhmu :
VaVtUUll
nious
o
repu
and energy to the general government.
But the fact was,1 your 'real design' was
10 suppress tne rcpuaucan iorm, oy.vcsi
ing iri thc Mewl head -Such, powers as
would becaual to a monarchy and arts
tocracy' Ixannot better, illustrate ;thU
fact, than-to give the following articles
trom acorisutujion, eketched about tins
time by'lr. Hamilton himself. ;
J. The 'senate to CQnsist pi persons
elected, to serve during good behaviour :
mcir ciecnon io4 pc' maac py eiecior
chosen for that purposeby he" people
m order to this, the state to be divided
into 'electiorf districts." Ori the 'death,
fn
a governor, to be elected during good
hchayiour .-the election to bo made by
electors chosen by the people, in the e-.
lection districts aforesaid, the authori
ties and functions to be as follows: to
have a negative upon all, laws about to
be passed ; to hve the direction of war
when authorized 'or bJgun, to' have with
the advice 'and Consent of the senate,
the power of -making-all treaties; to
have the sole appointment of the.heid
or chief olhcers of financcand foreign
affairs ta- have the. nomination of a!!
other officers, ambassadors to foreigw
nations included, suhject to ihe appro
bation or rciection. of the senate ; tc
. j
havepowjcr of pardoning all offences ex
ccpt treason, which he shall not pardon
without tlie approbation of the senate."
u 9. The senate to have. the sole pow
er of declaring war,, the power of ady;
j sing and approving al! treaties, the pow-
cr ox approving na rejeciinp ap
pointments of officers, except the heads
or chiefs of the department of finance
war aiid foreign ilfi'airs;
10. All laws of the particular states,
contrary to the constitution or laws bt
the United States, to be ultetly void;
and the better to prevent such laws be
ing pi-t thefurrn or president fetch
state shalt be acpointed y the general
vrmmer.(9 and -shall have a negative up
on the Tawsaboutto.be passed. in the
state, cf which he is governor of presi
dent." ' , 1
1 1. No state to have any force, land
or naval, and trie militia to be under Mr
ted
tion you contended for. A constitution
that would have extirpated every Ycst-
ige of the liberties of America, could
you have palmed it as you wished upon
her citizens. This constitution is , as
complete a model of the British govern
merit (for England has ho constitution)
ashe ingenuity of Alexander Hamilton
was capable of drawing. vA ' governor1
and senate,, holding; their office for life,
and having the sole direction of the mi
litary, would at pleasure have become
hereditary ; & have been kino Se lords
under another name This wdujd no
dbubt have .been pleasing to the syco
phancy of tdries ; but, the friend df li
berty and independence thought too
highly of that inestimable prize which
was the price of their brave country
men' bipod,, tamelto give it up.
They viewed with disgusting horrprj
the idea of apostatizing intoja fjrm of
government, the shackles of which they
had recently paid and suffered sp much
to shake off. They determined to op
pose it nor was their opposition, vainr
They -met in convention at Philadelphia
accoitling toXappointment ; ; where, lif
ter a strueirle offour months and a
half in arduous debate,'- durinjg which
tTroe; there "was, haore than onceV reason
to fear they would )avVt6'rise,twUhout
clTecting tbeir "dbject, orr':)he-iI'7ih'.of
September, I7r, they presented lo A
iiiericatnat coaV.itution; which 'is touhis
day ttie bulwarfcpt hef iibertiei, : the
Bousfahti'.. pride bf Her citizens 5c which
will "descend; . w ithj,tliei names 6f: those
whb; forme'd U through V :the hearts' of
a " KrateTuV pbstertiy;" to the- remotest
aicVbf fururiJy. :r-m
; Your, pany pejng ,U)tt5 iipieajtejanfj
diwpootritefl, have fa thisiaVi under the
or this purpbseiyour plan vas.mge-(Kvery-name. V rHESPEK;
ly-ana deeply laid, your, protessed- n - .;A; . - . t- j .
bjectbeing the same wiiK-lhatjof the : ;'! , oacgasw. - . ,
blican party, to rrtve more 7po wer 1 -. ,v JWrt iA? JsTatibnM InteUifince '
oval or resicrnauon of anv senator.
Mis p ace w oc nueu out 01 ine hm presence and weight of the wrious Cal
v . . vmisiic Uhurches,l3ythoseofhelriends
' 4 ' i 1 supreme execu .v, authon- of truth of thft Wannathclics, of the
ty ot tne united. states,, to oe vested in tfc,hrit f tt, r,i ' t..
:iJ:rdIiitt, continued' lo ubuse (jsta lyrwjnyi ;tiw, most ceptioa-1 J;4jO.WKJSSQ wi ;
i. ' ' r ,j ' . 1 ' ' ' . -'. f r nw.f' i..vtrvr.;wf; '-ii.J-oI'.l
the gqvernmentand people of Amenca;
itb every reproachful :and vscan u
epithet that sDitevaAd -malice' could in-
yent And such is - your inveteracy a-i
tr 1' ..Ar Jill- I J ' r '
g-diiisi jrepuLiucans uiai ,rnany; qi -you
AN ENQUIRY f 1
-4-
1'
i We have ventu red to int i mate that
revclutibns in the .English institutions
had been occasioned in .tius country. ih
ihe' times oHhe Drovinces 1 or tht thiv
i,H x h. fcJtA tiia -4 ---'--' 1 1
themselves. "
f The church of England in the late
provinces, was occasioned to be io a
ed lirethren,.of the; Oerman Lutherans,
of the Episcopalians, of the Tunkers, of
il.'i' lI.L' ' ' "
tne neorews anu pmer rengious socie-
ties. t ln;one province only,that of Ma
ryland , w here the; family, of the Prince
or hereditary proprietorand chief exefcii
tive: magistrate was of '.the Roman
church, power f was cbnfihtd to trfe .
church of England;' In the rssl allchris
rins Were admitted to the, Legislatures,
:uiq to. the offices created by. them.
I'liere was no Arch-Bishop; : Bishop Pre-
d?ndaryr Dean or.Chapter, io this coup-
try, The tenejs of ihe church
land, were not adhered to in the
ofif Ampr'lran mftnhT for fhJr (
acr after the revolution was to alter th.
ritual and to rescind twehtjrbf the thir-
ty nine articles; It ft" true that since
that peribd the twenty articlesSvere 'firs:
Ml at, the discretion of the members,
No public officer was required to lve
. -.. If
compiled with two sacraments accord-1
.u' k-..k-m.1 1
lnd. Neither any
crown or its governors
advowson in any part of the 'AmericarJ
..Mnf u. r.ji I
r r. V. ' M
red to England. In the province of
Prtnviv.ii ihnriw-W inromvi
ing churches-ana other bodies; was held
Wi!i,P.nn I
of his church. : There were no ty?hes in
fivr.r fifths pLhflish rhurrhMn Amirf-
ca. No convocation of its clergy. NoJJ
eceiesiasrjcai court apartment, ioiu l:i-I ,rr
. . iiii
tries. The vestries those and jrranted
the salaries of the rectors; VThe re AVer e
no curates. : There was. no 'cpnnibn
between ;the corporations' or;: parishes,
oeyona voiumary associaiion, m aesir-
tov be the head of the church .in that
Jvingdomi and the power given by some
of the. A mericah charters, to do aU t hings
pertinent lb; humane; soci'eties,f a!nda
rnqng-f other things relative' to' the
churches, the several Kings of England
w"hbighed, thbsethater5;rhay; be con
sidered tb have ne'gitiyed InVtabjish
metit of the: church of Engtand inA
nierica abdvto have dilsclaimeid the qui!
liiy ancj pbjver .Qf Jiead of ihat bodyvTn
t he brigi nal A mericaf provipcesS IfThus
was agreat revolution, acUi jdV- occaVibif
edr anjf effected in eacn of thpsevtatts
ot ouxvancieni c rn p irer w u ipn. ay - on in S
-western ;o&i of the AtUtiUcocean
i '".' '--' ' ' , i - -r . w
ne ngpisoicoascience, tue essence or
systalhMn England
churchTlies
not betlravrn' bcretohlp
cles and diti bline of tKaVchurch' accord
ing to the cburievjof ,Ehahd A; Raj.
ttoaii
'''t.i.r
cere and able member of the society bf mF-fmM
the friend, of truth ; a his depUes;
-a-'a ka-a' ::i.r-,w. out thevlossipf hbertyveyM a;na!V
I I
established by the Pro vinclalslautfe1 lydi
There , were no' eplsopar mmbcrs in tiona;t?Wrjpat, fe f .;
those legislature, no repre$entaiit o!f ifef! :
ecclesiaticaVuni verities;'' Tlie mem; h.W!woj
npra nv v n rnnnrfirTinnn w r n rn troc .11 . r ---'-rs t .'- : -r- r- .. - ' - w -,
rspiru ot religious uoerty. were aJinpsi
eiiemPted here from'TlLd Mniurie Vhev
able fiatuTe. ThelCtnglr revenues iof
tEtfchur e.Cfuall V! If
mrred in the-'old Amfnr.in nroViaces. 41
1
In 5hort;bitaitt .future; ipplnw8;-U'- A
wanoirequi!
site to be, a member ot. tne? ' . ,
ed,btit it wa' sufficient o' observe Abe 1 ' I
divine laws orthe-word of.God. c,:;. , 1 i
In like manne'several pf the late- . I
TY1?rr!n rifrrTnA t 't. ' , KJ 1 ' ' 1
- I... - 1.' 'X.- .... i. ' '"'v- , -t kill! A "
erty ; W .
and i,t iBTe utw versa! cdstom ,to de--'. 7 !i
paH frbm'ttie Wncinte. Qf.the EnVlisK
law of descent's even in those prvoiocef7 Vfh :
J where theroyargovernors negatived reJ , "
pedis. ini.-spiiu ui inc -people, cor? V? f)t
recting the letlerf vt he law, wili'f eCeivcl''"l 1' r
further elucidation ,m the proper place 't?f . I,
( . ,ine ingush vCourt pt.chancerywas, i.
reiected bv
several of Ihe hte Americanr?v ;r i i
provinces Clhe English DOrougft Wirf't t
te.m fhe sbundnesstheicle'- 'i';
g'ure, was exciuu-n ??L foi.'i
uons ottms. country. 3I he ; Eogltslt- . I sv
game laws, capable as thef are,of beings L
perv;hedv tor prevent, ihe" erenefal- bse V
and possession of arms, were decidedly
eminent of the ; Americatf colleges ihihef
tljfn es of .the' .jr'jsit 1 1.
pal chairs should -be nlled bv!t)ers6ns 'bftMkli
u . neren t jrei l giou s principles la prevent
the, preponderance wanyicfiur
':S6arialyiwcrt.
ptsjr'ariiaroents;cf ejected
s,a
iU?MncM
iJl urtt5 lVc-81ttl"!c'ai u,eir;
vincesf that tlieyjejipse theirvireWk..;:i
ed oiteher-thah"once,tn se?ehrroontfiir inVfi
of ,Ergl ?W P1! nm:K:mM
minds clt r ut'- r V5pvruVcf ' t -S
rt Anai, or secpndvor' upper nouse oj. .be-, - v 5
p??
. 8ar3 V?
-
inrl tft Wrv within h nFniKi!i&1 inr.i:. . t1' r'-'i'vLi-
?n' arjsd.exempteul fromhose: bzdtx&rri&& t' I h
Si'ein5f
"c'c wcrcuw muiiMuwieb m;me.iraue n-r.v.t-v .v
In ttio Tnli. : . nowftht AVAi;AW :f ' 1
evi?1? rflnd. al Recast oris -and rthese
we always vo;ea xmaer ine-mosofseri- ; rf;
us xlct,cPs ?Cife i5??fe :
armies, or. o.t any. copsiderable -mU n
.t iorv lose it s Jree dpm without; thage;n ij y ffi
" 1 ne " P-
ii.ti . n - t tti r i: Kill r-'K.i ww j w m . iirriv itl. . iri-ti . i- r
- r r :?.J V ' " ' C:
AttTleverned (withEn
the housei)f IStdarVan
jsepaVateridruncoOT
rmhlir.' hin '-iir!iTiv4lltAH.i :-.-":;,cV4S?
!qff5etiifrff.&
hi ps'nd di scpnUnuing--
Tbey cidedlypn hii tf'ftS
y;lW4;HrBoyaTkVSf::
Petition Tdi'ivision of iHd Land of Ulchaf-it , ':T::ts Mil
JThavinr Jbeeri itiggeKo to
tor tf;;;iJs,jf nllopivj
aieav'lbet'fietfxt
'bouse h(fltprtf.oiit. the (ctjhf :M4a' of
''Ndvemterjiext'anl:iliew
i ,
h,
-iC'f't -V.-7
Tiv . " 'i... 'ii i
"v1--V'
it
Jf''
: ... i ! .
' ' iif I': i