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M j?Ms?t' p 7 ft RALEIGH AND North-Carolina State Gazette Our are the plm of fitrdcMghtful Peace, Unwarp'd by party rage, to live like Brotheri, Vol.. XI. THURSDAY, MARCH 29, 1810. No. 5 49 1N r . : SAL IMPR O V E It I i:XTS. (Coi-.: l.ill truin our last.) vr. the 50,0 )0.000 r r acres on the lakes, j whxh are now woith 000 uoo would immediately btromc worth looOOO.OtX) And thus, beside.; performing a reat and imperious duiv, which, as a go- Fur the first vcar 2nd." 3rJ. 5;!.. 10th, g 16,000 S',000 4M.000 80,000 160,000 , the highest sum called for in any one vcrnment, we owe to the people of the ; Vcar I W ctein rountiy, we should bv this o- j j t wh t :,, u " j;prrj:ion, as mere proprh tors of the soil,! h , j anKMJnt 0f the sale of land, within ,,"!1irlv .mcs incline iIk in lar,M mailer ot pecunrary sprcuhrion, j j a V.n pcriod to forVvard the execution l: so nr, sir. whose ! ars ! T' re may i ... .. 1,,, I. il hmi i J .1,1 .III. I I. "Illi II .. .n in r H III . t hissvst.m f internal imj r v, I ; advance he public property 50.000,001) !, of ''nlljrs I i h h st v t'v, on ac on nt ot lir j ! m n? J- 11 . , . , Hot. sir, 'here are some gentlemen . .i.Jr ot us x.r.'-ce. l.t l mt a k. i 1 r . ,, . . "... ri!is,,lt,K,c ., i ., who are friend I v to this sys'em of m- c rtnt'emen to i;ii' upcm suirn tii- nnipKri is ofi hi v s , ir.c . .; I- tu i race t!n the pu .ic w m n ami mcy I uo;i De S4'ili-l Oil Ih art no , , n. hv whutt the uKgitt;ale i a- I r.tl'd p'o,rriy ul the U. 1 .st he so cer.a nly n: leased, j, i. i:ir application of p.rt of th se i.r. it ip'seof ojK-nti i he rrial i ,j ! i..iu;j:iuh wl.n h I luc l.lore C-..ri!td. 1 imuicdi.trt. and iirrcs ,i iT.toi whiih vwiiild he "o i nhanrc ;ri .!uc f 'hu rv m.iini:o l,jrt to an ul- . ipi o C(.ia!ie c xtent. " p UcnsiKwtu! ronversant wi ll . .ri . ii inv i!h I t !: W .s t.rn cuniiy. i ncy sys'e ern.il improvement, but who h'r;kthe. . present lime inauspicious to sii h an im- d ilak'ni on account ol the reduced! sla e iA live Trejbiu y. I i ihi ohjeciion I would answer, j First, that the mean by widt h it itj proposed carry on these improve-! inc -ts, arc not calculated to make any stnsiblr i urncssi..n on the revenue : Atid, jfT.jj.'y, thai the bare incieas- ,i tht s.dt s ofl ind, which would be effect-. ed in consequence of undertaking these f I'lpe- p e h)sr sai:tciiv in f . : I i t p. : : in i r-i i .! r ' . ..v,,,;.;. a'.tl industry in pursuing; : r ir.i !! 'i ..ccuinulaim;; wealth arc ! , . M-N-ioiiid. When tht v un , '.i e s.'ie and seflcmcnt of wild O..e is no policy so well under- j v a0 u: vu.aicrilly a. 'opted asth.tt c-l r c h c - wut ex eiisive commuoicj' 1 i't(;,( i.-.'r .v.. h ihe i'.'iV rtrt parts of heir urn'N, i d iJ' i i i i . I r j ; the appioachcs i ns id Ji d roads. And i;ar trry txpend in these I ..'ltd. in hlmosi any other , iiur.t, they arc m.i c ti line or t ui hu:ulre'i per .,.e titcicjs-i: v.lue whielii l. ;. ; vrii 10 thce L...d. i , - L . V a't s o it o v. .it. i i if bAu ' Z ."t) r. ; i.t jrris of I r ' i he W t , cm c i i v . i'!t pi :dc nl 01 L mi jik ; urie ( t oo u ' ai n s in ihe vitini y d t: L K s. 1 lit J'tl 'it laiMis iiecupy i: S: i n the Is k' s I more llian o00 r . t e ti ii , inchs ivt of tue nav . b : 'i n.iis o whirii Ik)' ai e cimect t : it tx I iiuc of he numerous and hm-'.h is' :ivis aboi n i. .:, moie or i . -:l ul t. enu T..k'i. 0 milej, i i i:n ai''V 'his c Sv wi I iive a- f.t.v n.dii ' s .f ,'crts of puhlii 1 utid, :r. .vino e ot whi' h is within oO 1 - .i.c : j-.ij: bh- v .ti ts of llu lake. , xi.. .-.ii 'or i fueled horn the At- j ; Mu- I.ik'.s b) an appropriation :. .'i. ii oi acrrrs to that obj'-Cl j no t;v . ti actual sinking or sa- ! . M ;;c ( r un fd' the land, but by : of these improvements. .The present popu! tiion of the United States Is estimated at seven ar.d an hall million. It is well ascertains! tliai our population double-, every 3 years ; atul it certainly is increasing, at this time, in as hi'h a ratio, ai at an former )eriod. According to a calculation of Mr. Hlfxle:, (in Ins statistical tables) something more than one third of the !i..i asin population of the U. Siiites is constantly inipralinij to the western country. One third of the in reastd population, (or th t portion which will migrate) for the next 2J years will a- monnt to two and an In.If millions, i i . l i . .i : .. . I w .tKswou.o more uiaosMpp.vuieu.aw.s U(t snnpoiai,r llm onjy nvo millions onthe Trrasury in co-st.uctiri them. 1 : 5hould emwMt:, 5c thai only I 000,000 do not know lhat Inn demonstrate the Orliusesho,d st-uleo:i tbe public lands. 1 1 u'h ol ' his I iv position to i he sat; sla. - , .ij .,,.- mil i . i. . it ...... i . . . , . u : j .. ... t l. . 1 1 i lions ol acres, or .30 acres to each per s n, whic h is about the average quanO Hon o! ihe u-.e ; but there is not the shade of . doubt on my mir.il, bu' tiu intie undetlakin of a et'ea canal t:o:n ; ; Ihe Allan ic to lh lakes. -under the ;oi ! spices ol the i;eoeral joveru-n'l, wo-'.ld.i ! in a rrv sboit time, c iuw tl-e s de d ; more laml :h.-.n uo'Kl hi suiueient to . .ccomplisii thw- whole of thr i-nprove , nu n's c ntcmplattd in the biii bcloi t ' tile Sen alt . Til- ex,ence of execti'ii' the wholr J of II. e woi Ivs enumerated in th t bul, i 'tsiiuiittc! at sixteen nii'lu.-ns of dollars. Is Il ' ! a in i t r I'.iioin t s oiiat oi' ir ov. i:. i t,a i j 11 u f.i: f) to !iai I'Vi n ! ! t r , o ' I f : . a -. t i i v .i ts subject,1)) a n. i ' ' , . as ui t x;h" .( t.c .."i- c -jo. err. is i n i. : i . 1 1; lt(m the Ivst I Si crelary oi v.bc de to tolkct on iun( Mr.La"ro!)t ) j i as w il is st ii ii- j ssed'y superior t . I ty taken by new sttllers : and it would hruiiuio ihe Treasury, in the space rf twen y-thrcf y ar3, ihe enormous sum of Sltjo.ooo.ooo, upon th:; supposition that tlie whole of the land should be pur t hstd at the viinir.unn price, Of an rfcie. it is prohj'ie, however, that ii will :ell much higher ; an I, if so, the aiTrevjjate amount ot the sum will be in crtasril iii proportion to the increase ol ; j the prico. Su' ii a demand for netv lands m:y appear e:;t rav 4v--au to those who have not attend 1 to tbe lt essie popu lation and settlement of the -United Stales for i last 'weniy ye;TS. . momeiii's recurrence to a few weh !;ii(v:i fac's tn this subject, will shew liiat such a demand is not only p'obable ; hut that, n il ss some great national ca l.Hniiy befd us, it is certain. 1 he po- . i JI.11I'.1J 'l lilt O I C V l .-.V. m r tldo these . . . . , coiisiuerjb'y more than tioubled within t the last 20 years. Upwards ol hlteen i auv iticr in ibis councv. Ihe esti- mi t was intruded 'o be a liberal on.-, . .i .. - : u i. i i..i to snew ine mcti'ri.n i'ihc which .he w i would t o-t. 11 the .U. Slates j i tre to f)e inttie-ud one half n woiks, their subscription would amount . . ... . . fi t i.r if tiiiliii,,v ii Oollirs. 1 ht' r i o- ' , , , , ' millions of acres in the western part ol plate ihe pay ment of the principal um out of, nor io make il charge, hie upon) ' th.U s'ate, wlpch -O years aio formed ! i .-ii.i -il. a crcaryr anu uniniiaoiteti wnutrness, ouroithnuy revenue; Hu' it provides, '.hat w hen iirjnics shall b: Waut ti to t ar ry on these interna! i :n;:i o emeut., cio-t.rit-alf i sh.dl be iss led honi ih- rtea sii',beann ar: in eret d six pn cent. i etlet iiiable even'u:diy out ol tr.-j pr-j- iie now covered by settlements, and ! ; c oi pose one 1 the most flourishing j part-, of ihe U. Stales. I'opulation and j ' settiemeut have progressed nearly or j i piite to the sani; ex'ent in the northern ! I and wes'ei n pirts of ihe state of Penn- apart to be ol . :. . . . r - i i. reeds ol a parii ular tract ot laiut, sei . . r .i . -- I ' - I'M ilia in v lois. ii v'ii'i niw nvi f ;' ih il purpoS". 1 Ik'r . ' . ei i v a 1 1 1 y ' i i o 5 i ' ' iiiiiaoiLuiu a a-id now it has a population of more than -"o ' 'O. l'he greal states of Kenuicky . ' , Oi f, r n I ; , t - c w . . r .-. II I . I I I.- L . V I I t ' M I I ... . certi.icate.s may be sold in m.oK .. . ' .. .ti .....1. .1 tli'i I tnir. J , . , th-.v may be immediately apph d to ine 'iv. t j u t!e i himthc la-;t' i.stlb . . - n M . '. ttivit opeioiK this na n;aUor. ! ' 1 ' . . . an:. 1 nnessee have teen aimost wholly 1 -s , i1 Suppose, then, tha: the w hole :il these : . .. . , : r- (, i iuian- e the .due ol the ic- ; , ' . , . . I pco led witmn the same period ; audit , .otKs were to oe underaken i.nmcdi-i 1 . ... , lo.tv-iuoe mil ions, stme iitii.-;, i.i , , , r . the land I . ' ' arm supp'ise, tt-, that, no monies Miouifi i 1 1 r. ' cent. 'l'he alue U 'l up u the vjIu ol as pio- I u s wi h mo'e precision, i. ;:!.. wbi h ibis produce- : . ; uhurahst. To shew ; i f-ot i this atiou on ; :. 1 Null tnstance the article , v. : mi h .il . b r ireat ta- j.r ,n, ,r-- i.j llC iai,c couutiy. and is ; e" .ml th re with greater oertaitity, i 1 1 I s ! !' if rs. ; 'tr p ' T ,.ur i f the t I " I f I Sllv v e n s. ' - v vi- v: fee i r , th jii in any t s:..t- s. The aei age ! t f w neat on the lak s This th pvt ssion til price ' to the i lestnt cxpeiicc ; it to maike'. It costs ; b; received fr-,m ihe salts of the hypo thecated lands, 'idle calls, on the Trea sury would then be, l'ur tfi n" it ear, Oid. lJ-ii. 4.S,bo'j Dollars, ,ooj 1 r-i,U J Which sum of 4S0,ooo d liars is the irc'esl tf he wh-Je pnucipd sum of 8 .niilions. And tins, sj-, woulil r.o; ie a ! k t'rir I n timi. r-fimm IVI t to t h M !(' I SIT Hi'l,. ... ... i.w....-. - I 1 . 1 I - . 1. .. .... .-.I m'u le ,f the obj.cr, an 1 to toe txteii: t our levriiue ; especially when it is j considered that, alter one year from i i: s o:;ie, ai.d b-;foro the tiVect ol such " f'ofu lakes to New-York, ! : n appropt iatioit could be f:lt, cur rc- '.- i.i'jic t A.m. ' c..n m ; : k : . ; ,. . ail! oe reb.v.d f-om '.he p y inent t ... . i s i t I '-iti. to transput a ' Vishel not extraviu'int u sav, that more than one hundred miliions of acres have been actuiily purchased and occupied within t:ie last 20 years m the western country. It is t:ut', sir, that the rate at which the puolic lands arc now, and have been tor some time past selling, is not such s to warrant the calculation 1 have ma.i as to future sales ; but the causes of tliese sales being so contracted are obvious. One principle cause, which however will immediately ceae io ope rate, because it is ceasing to be a fact, has been that the public lands were re mote from the inhabited parts of the country. Settlements will always be regular and progressive. Peo le, ac customed to the pleasures and advanta- ;es ot s ciety, do not choose to remove ! v t-1 nr ir .ui ihe 1 iiiov i u ,i wo oi i, .n- dollur-, and, a' tr two ' j tar into the wilderness, when they can - tin re cm be no doubt but it j year., f.om the payment of lour millions i purchase lands in the vicinity of old set r. ,J . 1 . .. - 1 . . .. ... 1.1' .11.. II .. ' ... . i nt uie cx, -el: v ui i; a. is , oi - j -n oo.ijis ;innuauy, in couseq'ienec n t menis. Of.verii or i lie inuivinuai ' ' i 7 i hnd J: o as I w, at leat, ', j ilie reductions which wid have then la- j statrs have held larire tracts of wild land, ; a:. : the t:f. i would he to j ken place in the puncipal of llu national if whi h, being more contiguous to settle- ttr ments. Several of ihe individual i! i'i sviiv- to ti ariRorir' ation to the itKot. ' ,:k ar'- "e, and wheat wt.jld lint it is to be pie-mmed that not e '' .,i t i.c lakes one doiiar, j mote thm l-.'d td" tit . -e W'jrl.s wo lid bo liiuli .Liken immed.ately, and that hee would ' c com'f. ! iKfntc ar.v u- jihtis are bti'nn- Ti-e wuiks, as fas: as til v st.il b co.irilet :f will be e ( ! : .: . o i. -. a bushel. Hut n u ! trnm 3 to -i J cents to husi.cl t 1' wheat. When, ofe. he i ',s 1 .r -.1 ri nU. bis Hi'!. ....... ,.. 1 1 o.uv i tr n to twenty crots j i iii . t: d 1 1 I. ,r f.n.- .L.t t f " I s v,,... i , . : ,u v, t,, 7,, , tuti x b- io tr.t reas the profi ;,' r f ntn K to f. ri r, (cn - v . r - -i U'.tl . . 1-:, 1 jo merit , ca ne of . ouise fust into market. But the lands of the individual states, especially to the northward, are now nearly all occupied. The state of New York, for instance has but few nw lands. Settlement in th.3t state has ad vanced to its western extremi v. The Ira win 14 a uu. equal it least, it is pre- ; same i- the case with Pennsylvania u utd. to inr ui.e' e-t o! the money they ' ami the whole ot the imm.en3 st ; oc i t tins v, ,v 1 - l'i -L j ,,s , . ;!! ic I lion from the northtrsvand mi I a i'sltcvcd 1'iiotlie pat uu nt yi Ihai. iT.e 's. I'p n tlvs r iLuh.tion, t!ie Uni '. Slates w . uhl luvei have to piy, in l a'.v one vear. ;i i;r. aler sum 'h .n the se emigra- middlc states Another impediment to the sales, of publi'J mds arisesfiorrrthe circumstance that you will receive nothing but specie in payment for them. The people who migrate to new countries are, with few exceptions, of the poorer class. Th?v rarely have more than property suffi cient to transport their families to their new places of residence ; to construct ! a f t w temporary, accommodations, and I to subsist themselves and families until j their farms become productive. Th-y j then calculate to pay for their farms by I the produce of them. But the products 1 of th." public 'lands in their present oc ; eluded situation, will not command mo j ney, and settlers are therefore deterred from purchasing. If, instead ot con- fining the payments to money, you J were to undertake 'his system of inter I nal improvement, and issue paper to e j nabJe you to execute it, and make this j pqier receivable at the land offices, the J additional facilities which this would af f)id to paym nts would not only. brim bic.k this paper into the Treasury, but large sums of money with it. To shew the tflcct of such a policy, I need only refer to a compara ive view of the sales of public lands during the time when he evidences of the public debt were receiveable in payment for lands,, and the sales which have taken place since 'hat period. i The salt s in the year 1SJ3 amounted to J 19;, 'j-so acres. ! In ISo. amounted to 373. 511 acres. In lS'.'J do. 6iy,JJo do. i)uting the whale of this time ihe pub lic paper was received in payment The amount of sales was increasing near 10 per cent, yearly, and would probably have continued to increase in the same tatio to ibis time, bad the samr quantity of public debt been kept .fl ia', and had it continued to be receiv able i't the land offices. Hut, sic, in A piil 180f) a law wjs passed prohibiting the further receipt of the public debt, in payment for land, and the consequence was that the bales diminished, In 1806 to 473,2)7 acres .1607 to lSoS to 195,379 f 1809 to 14j,409 " j The sales thus etrogaumg in amount, in about the same ratio in which they had before advanced, and this!, for no other assignable cause than wlVat that law furnishes. But, sir, the grand, and all important operation by which only you can make extensive and effectual sales of the pub I c lands, is to open tbe produce of them o market, and in this way to m.ike them pry for themselves. Do this, and not only settlers, but monied men will become purchasers.' There are now thousands, and I may say millions of dollars in the northern states, ready to be invested in the lands on the lakes, ihe moment a value shall be stamped on them, by the certainty that they will be speedily opened to the navigation of ihe Atlantic. Let (he U. S, and the state of N. York, undertake a canal fiom the Hudson to the lakes ; and, so far from draining your Treasury by the i operation, it will give you in five. years, 1 will pledge my reputation on it, an overflowing treasury. Tht re can be no mistake about this business, sir, it is a matter of plain calculation, 'l'he government of the slate of N. York have long seen the advantages of such a navigation ; and they h..ve been for sever. 1 years d. sirous of'undcriaking this canal. They wait only m the ex pectation that the general government will aid them in this great work ; and this is certainly a just and reasonable expectation, inasmuch as the work would benefit the property of the U. S. to a much greater extent than that of the state of N. York., The present time, far, in my opinion, from being unprqpitious to the underta king of this meaiure of internal im provement, is pecu'iHriy fortunate. The great commercial capitals which have. been thrown out of employment by the wdl be immediately prtssitfg upon the public lands. Another reason for the paucity of s.des is, that we have no lands stagnation of oreign c.3.:, a-rce, are now idle, and might be engaged in these improvements by aiitll- attention' on the part ot government : .and if they Ji'ss important than those I have alrea dy mentioned I could shew hat it would bring into the treasury, perhaps some millions of dollars yearly, by the increase of duties on imports, The great additional quantities of produ e which would be thrown into rnarlet through these Toads and canals, would be exchanged for foreign merchandize, .... . 1 .1 'which is subKCt to heavy amies ; anu from which most of our present reve nues are derived. I could shew also, the great advantages which, in a miH tary point of view- would result from these improvements. If the U S, were to be.engaged in a war, we are equally vulnerable and equally liable to be as sailed, at half a dozen different points, some hundreds and even thousands of 1 . ...-' 1 . . 1. .. j k Ufl'ieS UlSlU.lll uwili wavii 1. iiv.1 , driu it would be impossible to carry on any vi gorous military operations, without tha aid of go d roads and canals to trans port over such distances the immense quantities of arms, ammunition and pro visions necessary to the supply of a great army. It is sufficient, however, that I suggest these arguments, and they wiljt be properly appreciated by the House. But, Mr.-Speaker, theteis one other point of view, in which;: although an unpleasant one, I feel it my du y to present this subject lo the House; aitd ifiis regards not only the means of irn- proving that grtat source of national wealth, the 'public lands, to the best ad vantage ; but it involves the practica b lity of enjoying it at all. The people, who have purchased and settled on your new lands, are already yrur debt ors to the amount of some millions of dollats : and in as far as they a-e your debtors, they are (to use a phrase per haps somewhat too harsh) a species of enemy and we have already seen to. what a formidable extent tluir power and numbers are increasing. It is far from my intention, sir, to cast any in jurious imputations on the character of these settler . On the contrarv, I ko w that they are not to be distinguished from the great mass of the yeomanry of this country ; among whom is to be found mo-t of the real patriotism, as well as the real strength of" the nation,. It is on them, that we are to depend for the security and permanence of our Republican I stitutionsi It is to them that this government must re sort for protection and support, in eve ry great and dangerous crisis I say, sir, that I am not about to impeach ei her the honesty or the patriotism of these settlers f u their interest k their wish to p.y their debts, and to discharge all their duties to government as good and faithful citizens. But let me ask you, sir, let me ask any man of corh non observation, who has attended in the leasr, to the present situation othe western country, how it is possible for these settlers to pay you fifty or an hun dred millions of dollars in specie, when th-y have no other resources than' in their agriculture, and when the produce A this agriculture will not bring them, money enough to buy their whiskey. It is impossible, sir, and if you intend to hold those lands, much more if you intend to ma: them a source of pjub lic revenue,, you must furnish the means of making them productive, by opening them to market. Everv motive nf m. terest and policy unites in urging the goverr met.t to undertake Th'S system of internal improvement. It is a sub ject too vast to be accomplished by in dividual enterprize. The means of the' !''iarK C U Xtr...i .'.. oauo uiuic y caiern country are-peculiarly inadequate to such an underta- . Irintr- Thu ronnAt 1 1 &av.Y luli:iiiii 1 itnvi run r'Jiiuia for the very obvious reason that they are already deeply in debt for their lands, and they must continue so until this great work ia executed for them. They will then not only.be able to psy you 1 1 ... ... - 101 ineir ianas, out they wil! remunerate. you for th.2 expence 01 owning cana-Js, by the' tails vhich they, wilt be able to pay. In the advantages which these out-lets f.t their produce will give.them, and on which their prosperity must so essentially depend, vou will have a. jii ledge for their future attachment and nue to give support to a vast number of our sailor3 and other laborers, who have hitherto been employed in the sub ordinate occupations of commerce, but who have also been thrown cut of em- 1 t O O ) v 0 s is 1 t. til ' th B supp r i" v.i'.ur o 1 nlv no- t. hi d uYesi , rcsu'.i, ns r specis i t rest Ot I 3 J d he prion,! i uni 0 isht mo nous of do 'ars in market cal. ulaied for this northern jj ployment by the stagnation of that com e migration, i he lands on the lakes are i mere 'Sf, xf t ill iposi r - on .he 1'i t.i-urv wouKi i" ba no lit's - x dcrwd and io . h.s shut up. We have no lands fcr sale j j If I h ad not already dnwn too largely oe a...t-. is ;rom ib- tiw 0f iurij rti fodow : turth. r nrth than the south part of the ij upon the time of the House, I s'.M. of O u , and thitis too low a lati-; nomt not r.th-r aHir9nacr r,c . lodc. or most of lue northern population. horn ihi. sysm t impvement, nu't cculci ultine could be so engaged, they would conti- fidelity to your government, and which ! they will never forfeit. But, sir, if you neglect to avail yourselves of theoppor-. tunity, which this system affords, of se- ! curing the affections of the western people -if you refuse to extend to them those benefits which their sitnjt;on so imperiously demands, 'ar.d-which youv resources enabla von. anrl vrIto mv- joins it on yqj to extend to thejn." If, while you are ry pending millions yearly for the enGauragement cf, cjiiui?cr.
The Weekly Raleigh Register (Raleigh, N.C.)
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March 29, 1810, edition 1
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