it. . i . . f - -i iv ii . . i i .,, . -. x .-". - . - - 711. M-i
- . Cm are the plaaa of fair 4Ughtfal Pc, . . , .,. " . " " ' '. t' jTc'-')-':. ::::-h-yZyt
. . ' t ' 1 ' ,. Uwarpdy p-arty rage,' to Htr Hkt Brotbjer . . . Xy f!,'
f : - a ., '.r-- ' I
M . 1 . . v ' ;- - . ' ' . .
NATURAL HISTORY.
ukoo-n to most of our readers, that
ISJiu opinion hare been long" enterumetl
JT, he naturaUstt or our country respect
&lkeebrxter of. the Mammoth, the
- - Jjj WiUCiJ U1TC UCCII
rrts of the Union, itxc louowing lei
u w- n.nn nn. ntlli molt Ml
from Wtv. uw, ww.
& m.' m. r
TWaders, cannot fail to awaken and re
. a, Dr. Benj S. Barton a Jir. Jeffer-
o0j tirJ iiiU nuigc, xwnij y x-m-w,
,1 'irjinia Jvty 13iA, 13it).
Dear Sir, As you take much mter-
e5tin the knowledge 01 every tnmg rc-Ijut-
to the American Mammoth and
olhtr similar animals I am persuaded
thit you will be glad to learn that I hare
ttcently reccirrd Irom feiersDurgn- in
Rosia. some fine large drawings of the
Krcit Asiatic Mammoth, whose skele
ton tegcther with some portion of the
..' --j Mi.1. htvp lafplv been dis-
coTcrcfl, in a state of excellent prcser
otion, under vast masses of ice, near
tt mouth of the River'Lena, in La?. 72
Vnrih. For this, to me mestimaoic prc-
t.r! I am indebted to the kindness of
Mr. Tills iius, an eminent naiurahit, by
the draWioes were made, and
who has, at the same time favored me
tith some important manuscript obxer
i nioas concemiftg tht animal.
1 need not tell you that this Asiatic
Mammoth is specifically distinct from
lie great Mammoth of North America ;
tint whose bones have been discovered
ia so many parts of our continent, and
that cf which Mr- Pcale has mounted
the skeleton in his Museum. The two
animals are specifically distinct, though
1 am fir from thinking them genetically
0. But the Asiatic Mammoth has, at
tr.mt former Deriod. been a native of
America, as well as of Asia, and of Eu
rope. The grinding teeth, the incisors
(or tusks) and other bones of this ani
mal, have been discovered in several
Afferent parts of the United States, &c.
is in Pennsylvania, in ihe Susquehan
Tih,a branch of which I have elsewhere
thewn, reccif es its name of 'Chemuiig
from the incisors of one of one of these
huge animals. Similar remains have
tetn discovered in the county of Wythe,
b this state : in the same muriatic
Eok along with the remains of the o
ther Mammoth, or what wt shall call
fir the prtsent, the Ohio Mammoth ;
ia South Carolina, in digging the San
tee canal ; in Kentucky, and doub:lcss
ia many other places, some of which I
could mention. I bad long suspecied,
and even asserted, that the Mammoth
of the Chemung was the same as tha; of
Siberia ; and this matter is now put be
yond all doubt, by the drawings and in
farmition communicated to m: by Mr.
Tilesius.
At least one species of Llephant,
therefore (for it is by all naturalists al
lowed, that the Asiatic Mammoth was
a legitimate species of Elephas), has
been a native both ol the old and nf the
cew world. I am inclined, however, to
think, that the species have never been
so common in America as- in Asia, from
wheoce, therefore, I venture to conjec
ture, that the stock originally proceeded.
It is too soon, however, in the more so
ber discussions of natural history, to
press forward such conjectures as these.
We ha?e just begun the study of the
natural history of our country. Future
researches and discoveries may render
it at least highly probable, that the Asia
tic Mammoth, as we now call it, was
oace as common in North America, as
in any par t of the world. Permit me to
add, that I am daily put in" possession of
feet which prove, that our 'continent
and Asia have had,' and still continue to
bare, in common, many species of ani
mals St vegetables, in all ettential points
the same. : " y
Mr. Ttlesius's drawings are of great
importance to roe : and they came, un.
atied and even unlocked for, almost at
the very time thai I was busily occupied
to superintending a drawing of the ske
leton in the Muscurai and in putting to
gether my materials, the fruit of many
years research, concerning the Ohio
animaL The two animals, it .is true,
very different from each other x but
bey have nevertheless, great and intc
reiin affinities .to .each other. The
&uues are such, that I cannot consent
to consider the American animal as a-
jy thing but a pecie if Elcpfiant I j!
kfcw. Indeed, that Mn Crine, is noo of
optakn, that the Ohio bones bespeak an i
Stcience of the present Umes. to Mr.Jef.
wniui us v r
animal generically different from the E
lephant. But although tVis naturalist's
authority isdeservedly high, and of great
w-ight, I am disposed to adhere to, my
own opinion, and to consider the Ohio
Mammoth as belonging to the same
genus, or family, as the two or thret
still existing species of Elephant, and as
tnr great extinct Mammoth of the North
of Asia and of Europe ; lheElephas Pri
migenius of Blumenbach : or, -3 we in
America, may name it, to distinguish it..
from the Ohio Elephant, the "Chemung
Mammoth.1'
Although m the general form of the
molares or grinders, there is a much
greater affinity between the Asiatic
Mammoth and the existing Asiatic Ele
phant, than there is between either of
these latter animals and the Ohio Mam
moth, yet there are several other cha
racters in which the resemblance is
much closer between the Ohio animal
and the extinct Asiatic Mammoth, than
between this latter and the living Ele
phant of Asia. I shall only, at present,
mention ore of these characters ; that
of the incisors, or defent?s which we call
tusks. These in the Ohio-Mammoth
and in the Elephas Primigenius, or Che
mung Mammoth, are, indeed, very si
milar, both in their rrlattve proportion
to the general mass of the skeleton of
the two animals, and in their degrees of
curvature.
On the other hand, the Ohio mam
moth and the living Asiatic Elephant
seem to have been more nearly allied lo
each other, in the form of their feet, th:'n
were the latter apimal and the extinct
Asiatic Mammoth : i. e. the Chemung
Mammoth. When Mr. Tilesius shall
publish his history and drawings of the
Elephas Primigenius, and when the his
tory of the Elephas Mastodr-ntus shall
he core pleted, every intelligei& and can
did naturalist will be forcibly struck with
the circumstances which I have men
tioned : and I flatter myself, that some
of the most learned of these naturalists,
and among others my candid and liberal
friend TUesius, will not refuse their as
sent to my opinion, that the Mammoth
of the Ohio has been a true species cf
Elephant.
Mr.Tilesius's drawings are important
o me in another point of view. They
plainly show, I think, what has been the
natural direction of the incisors in the
head of the Ohio-Mammoth. Indeed,
previously to the receipt of these draw
ings, 1 had satisfied my mind as to this
point, from the information which I hve
received from an intelligent correspon
dent, who had had an opportunity of
senng the incisors still occupying their
original position in the head of a Mam
moth which was discovered, a few years
since, in onq. of our western muriatic
licks, or salines.
As" to the form of the grinders, and
the disposition of the vilriou body , or
enamel, upon and through them, I grant
that it is very different in the Ohio
Mammoth and in the extinct as well as
existing Elephants of the old world,
But if this difference be of suacient im
portance to constitute a difference of ge
nut between the American and Asiatic
animals, then we mus procf-cd consis
tently to break up .several cf the long
esiahlished genera of mammalia, subdi
vidmg each genus into at least two dis
tinct genera, I may mention the ge
nus Marmot, to which belongs our
Ground-Hog or Manack, as illustrative
of this idea. I shall call the Ohio Mam
moth, Elephas Mastodentus It is the
Elephas, Amcricanus of Air. Blumen
bach. I , have nearly prepared, and shall
shortly present to our Philosophical So
ciety, an extensile memoir on the' ex
tinction of the species of mammalia.
This memoir will necessarily contain
much matter merely of a speculative
nature : but I flatter myself that it vill
also contain some interesting, and hi
therto unnoticed facts.
I shall be much gratified if this let
ter, written 'among the mountains of
your stare, at a distance from my, books
and papets, afford you any amusemenu
Of all tht subjects of animal natural his
tory, there is not one more interesting
tnan that which relates, to the charac
ters and history of those vast organized
h . dies many of thero, too, endowed
with an immense portion of intelli
gence which the God cf Nature had
created ; and- after ' suffering them o
grow an-t, exist through ages, unknown
agcsNoF timej his, a length, entjrcly"
removed fiomlhe.icanh ; not merely
as individuals, but as sttcits There, is
something awful in tho consideration of
I this.subject : and yet this Very subject
lis admirably calculated to display to us
the wisdom as well as power, of him
who formed all things. The harmqny
of nature is not, in the smallest degree,
disturbed by the total destruction of what
many have deemed necessary integral
ports of a common whole. Nor is this
business of the extinction of species' a;
an end That which has already taken
;dace, with respect to species ;pf Ele
phant, Rhinoceros, and other vast fa
milies of animals, will unquestionably
take place, with respect to many of the
families of animals which now cover the
surface of this globe The steps cf
this vast and generally unlocked for
change, are rapidly preparing, in diffe
rent parts of the world ; and in none, I
think, more rapidly than in that; portion
of it whirh we inhabit.
I am, deac sir, with very great respect, your
obedient servant, &.c.
BENJ SMITH BARTOU.
LICENSED SPY.
The following article it copied from The Ca-
b.:H?t, a valuable Republican print, publrsh
ed in Schenectady, State of NewYork.
A foreign government captures our
vessels, impresses our seamen, taxes
our commerce, murders our citizens 8c
commits outrages on our national ships
these are stubborn facts? not attempt
ed to bv denied. Are there not, how
ever, men in this country who justify
hat fcreign government andwho arc
they f Ans. '1 here are, under the false
ly assumed name of federalists hey
endeavor to coak their intentions, and
are in reality the friends of Engl .nd
in America."
A foreign government sends an agent
in'o our country, with full power to make
final settlement t differences. 1 he
American government pecept th prof
fered terms. Were there any who vi
lified and abused our government as
serting that those terms had been re
peatedly before ouered and refused.
Ans. There were they were nominal
federalists, 44 menus ol .:tgianc in
America."
A temporary change takes place on
the European Continent the British
statesmen are too sanguine in their an
ticipations of complete success, and re
gret the conclusion of a constrained ad
justment with the American govern
menu The com est between their honor
and afifiarcnt interest was not, however,
long or doubtful ; the former was ex
pelled, and, in obedience to the dictates
of the latter, the pl.ghtcd faith of the
nation was broken and the concluded
an angement basely- disavowed. Were
there then any to be found in this coun
try who yet justified them and declared
the terms better than we had a right to
expect or demand arid who were they ?
Ans. There were th'y styled them
selves Patriots ; but like the Ass cover
ed with a Lion's skin, their braying ex
posed th?m they were the Anglo Fede
raliststhe members of the ami consti
tutional Jacobin Clubs-a-lhe opposers &
violators of our sacred laws- the con
temners of the advice of the Father of
his country, the immortal WASHING
TON, in :,hort " the friends of England
in America.'
The anticipations of the British mi
nister, on the European-continent, soon
passed u like the baseless fabric of a
vision, leaving not a wreck behind," and
they again regictted in some measure
a premature rupture with America.--Auxious,
however, to retain all their
usurped maritime power, they selected
an. arch fiend on earth to represent them
in America a man without probity or
honor one well versed in the work of
contention and divUion the corrupt car- J
rier and distnbuter of the bribes of a
more corrupt government. On his ar
rival here be found himself most-egrei
giously deceived Desirous to make the
government odious to the people he
sought an occasion to insult them-p-was
denied any further communication
misrepresented facts, and indirectly ap
pealed to the American people against
the- administration, of, their .choice
Were there any who justified this con
duct, and again vilified our own govern
ment ? Ansl There were they styled
themselves the admirers of the' charac
ter and principles of Washington, and
yet iormeu " associations anu comoina-
tiotis," againsr,the constituted authori
ties. s A combination, connected by an
oaJj to destroy the de mocra tic govern -
r.. iLi' : . '
mcnt of our country, ihey style 'a be
nevoUnt soacty.v Ihcse.are the no-
rhihal federalists " the. friends of Eng
land in America' " :
This discarded Ambassador now no
more than a LICENSED SPY, public
ly travels through our country, the in
habitants of which conceive themselves
injured by his conduct. tie takes un-
weariecf pains, to cause his approach to
I li.. 1 . ' l '
De generally Known as nc.muvw uuu
the different cities and towns. To every
reflecting . mind the object U evident
his , progress through our country, an
swers a triple purpose whereas one on
ly of the three will admit of an avowal.
The first and greatest object is to disco
ver who are Britons at heart on whom
reliance can be placed, and what their
influence is in society. Nextly publish
ing his approach to induce the real 4ut
unguarded incautious American to.insult
him on his way, by. that means-affording
an opportunity to the British advo
cates to appear in the false but impos
ing character of peace-makers, and .quel-
lers of disturbances and riots giving
tnem a oeuer.opportunny io oeceive
the honest part of the communityex
tend their influence and widen if possi
ble the political breach. The last and
ostensible object; of his travelling is the'
gratification of curiosity, while still in
this country $ but our people may rest
assured that this curiosity is more poli
tical than topographical that the cha
racter of Ambassador is; gone,y and he
is now a SPY. Are there any. in this
country who can see all this, and yet jus
tify the foreign emissary & his govern
ment ? Ans. There are they are the
purchased friends of England in Ame
rica" they are not honest federalists.
From tlie PldladetjJua Register.
AARON BURR. "' .
The following anicie is taken from
the Gentleman's Magazine, printed in
London, the oldest and most respecta
ble publication now existing. It is ex
tracted from the number for February
last. After mentioning the source from
whence the article is derived, we shall
say nothing more as to its authenticity
Our readers vill take it for what it is
worth :
"Col. Burr's visit to Paris has for its
object to submit to the French executive
a project for disuniting, ths American
States, and tor other measures of effec
tual hostility in the event of a rupture
between the two countries.
Mr. Burr communicated his plans to
our government, together with his view
of the means necessary for, their execu--tion
; at the same time announcing his
determination of applying to France, m
the event of his proposals Here being
rejected. Although the state of our re
lations with America, mortifying and
precarious as they long have been, hard
ly entitled the U. States to that delicate
consideration on our part, which have
been observed towards them, we think
ministers honestly sustained the chafau
tcr of the empire, in foregoing a proba
ble advantage, rather than clandestinely
cultivate a 'system. , of hoslihty, while
they publicly -.profess their desire lor
peace."; 'Bonaparte's policy Ki$ not ham
pered by like considerations of honor or
consistency. If Burr's agency can con
duce to the advancement of his views to
wards America, he will doubtless use it."
THE FLORID AS. ,
From the Louisiana Gazette, of July 2. ; . -
The people composing the district of
New Feliciana, which Comprehends that
part of West Florida, bordering on the
river Mississippi and v extending east
wardly about one hundred miles, have
long wished and expected that the go-.
vernmeat of the U. States .would either
by negociatidn, or. otherwise, get pos-
so.8iuii.ui i it a i pan oi jriunua, wmcnj
tney nave ciaimea uqaer ine treaty and
purchase of 1 803, lying west of the. ri
ver Perdido. The inhabitants are'tjfene-
rally Americans, and many; of them'
have purchase ! lands and settled id Fio- i
nua since ine cession oi Jouisiana iq
the United States fully impressed wi h !
the belief thai they would soon find them-
selves under their iormer laws and .go
vernment They haVe bhg auxiouslyn
expected to ear of the unfortuuate fate
f Spain, of her entire subjogauon Vo
thfe'arrhs of Fran ce, and in an event of
hat . kind,Hey e ;j&allate( hat'
either the conqueror o;'aint;Grfat
iiifain, the. ally of .Spain, wouid claim
ytbe liridas and they generally revolt
at the; idea of being placed under, thd V
government oi eitncr ox cacsc great na- 5
hops. . r,-...
, .The officers who have dedared ; for ; '
Ferdinand the Vll. - and nmrbear tlie '
. f - . .. ?. .. 4.. .1 ' V t . .,
sembhavce ofpower, amdng' the jpeptes
are divided iinilhcir, attochroenhei
real naniaroa are lew. Lneir. zenious at ' r
tachment
induce th
the Spams
nass under the Ikitish" eovemmeht&
it wis theirorder Bonaparte has hu
friends, and emissaries -.tin'; ibifBcefwK
speak pf his imperial greatness',; and et&&
commend the p'eople .to'c!eclareoil.&mjDr
Joseph- tfiif, hp Wver, is done enejU
t lAtt'' tf Wie hnt t'a matt tnAtilft
to oe a iact. m sras aistractea state oi y
thirrgV, without law orgovernmen'tthe i
people have thoUgbt.it proper, andpru
denttp hold rn.eeii.ngs to consult for.theW
general safety . .; ,
Tha locarsuuation of West Florida,
surrounded almost as it --ii. Wit-b vte
anu guveruuiciii ,ui )iirc; vj-c?uiica, auu
nine-tenths, of the, inhabitants. being. ei-
tner native poni Americans, or strongly :
attached to the American, principles and; '
government--it was - reasonably to b . ;
expected that they would turn their eye v$
towards the United States for protection. ;
The' ihhabirabts have 'iice raised .
clamor against Spain, : or V against the ;
Snahish natnotsvor the Glorious cause t-'kM'-ii-i
t hey are engaged linthey havc'beeri f ;
solely guided in all their, deliberations '4$
by principles of sHf-prcservatiai, tnfc ': yy
first law of nature. ,i.No demacrogue or -r
demagogues,:'who for their own J)ri vate
views, interest or aggrandizement ir my ;
opinion, are concerned in the meetings; ,
and should the same unanimity(iirtyail
that has so tar; marked those rheetings '
there is. little doubt but their views and
plans .will terminate happirjr.The- go- ifiiifi
vernment of the" United S'tates'-$iUot 'l'iu
cannot withhold their; proteciingf hand
as far as their justctaim exlends. which;
a uciurc ucscrmcu, is irom inC'iVllSSiS
sippi to the Perdido, and in giving tia
protection, I have no hesitation in saying
that the people will cheerfully become
cit izens of the U. States And feel thcin
selves happy inthe appellations W ; .
COMMON S1NSEL:
In 1 807 Mr. Nicholson of Maryland,
irom ine committee on mat suhiert.
made a most ingenious report tdXpn
gress on the benefits, o a purcftasisf of
the Flocidas. S29P0,OOO were appro
priated to that ffecU AlrlvMohroe re '
paired to Madridas our ajgent-out, he
failed in ihe purchase.. The particulars
pf this negoeiation;have- not yebecn .
laid before the worldWbut it h said, that
the prince of peace started some objec tions,
because he himself laid claim to
a million of acres,, which ourripinister t
did not think himself authorised to (my.
We are already entitled to as much
of what has been kyled West! Flirida
as reaches to the PrflfiidT-forthis ri
ver was the eastern boundary of V jjUi .
siana. ry "y y y
Considering that the Ftodasrel W
contiguous to us, iit is cibuVhlte
have not gleaned a mote particular ao c,
count of their strength,' population;- re- V
oumyr .w ,' uivl 9 journal pi -his -, -y.
tour in '99; &fc. has a:few faint sketches y
of this region t - . -y"y-Cy: fsZ
By itself, West F., mayjbe df little f
importance-rbut it UloT immense rnn- v - V
sequence, when " viewed as 'tkssesshit
ail the avenues of commerce to ihe large
produqti ve country lojibrlhia poun
try, which extends; north fitwaUhet 3 1 tiS-M
aegrec oi norm latitude to the ,aoarces' "
of the Peari.PascagoITbmb
bama, Coenecuhi; ChattahbciK&v fc
Rivers,?ahd at leastSOO AVA'.'i
iu wc iae coasi anounds iivuveoakf yiyrS
& red cedar, in considerable abtihoce
met with north of the boundary, -idhtV
the SafetV Of the: cnasb of hi
auucuio . ne great number pi harbours
ridernh safetyjand; that 6f Ht,jbcphs:
into which vessehMiot drawing
than
mu
beenieiffnd;isi
tlemlht llei
J vu Tiir5aippi., ;
ftrrtrixJrtrvil,
On the" nof th
lakes, or.4hUulphjorIcd
alcpg thercpast to tcpbifcfcwrS B
.v.
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