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-.- Viv" FRIDAY,4 OCTOBER 1 1813. , rv 4. ,t : " '' yP
DENMARK & SWEDEN.
lnd. U more intert J?
iwmirk. Wc extract trom Ibe Pjn.
37decUriion oo the time tubjcci, and
f cotcooTdicted by it London journal.
;rrhmit the ibole extent ol the
lie b.ieof the
iiih from tbe Bntitb cabinet.
f lr ma!est thc erapres queen h
regtntbas received the followiog. in
telligence from the army, dated the
l3:h of JuneT y
Biron de Kass, Danish minister
of the interior, dispatched with let
tcrs from the king, has been present
ed to the emperor.
After the affair oC Copenhagen, a
treatv of alliance was concluded be
tween France and Denmark. By
that treaty the emperor guaranteed
the integrity of Denmark. A
In the year 1811 Sweden made
known at Paris, the desire she had
ot uniting Norway to Sweden, and
demanded the assistance x of France.
She was- answered, lhatf whatever
wish France had to do an agree
able thing to Sweden, a treaty of al
liaace having been concluded with
Denmark, guranteeing the integrity
ot irut power, his cvjetty could not
give- his consent to the dismember
nient of the territory of his ally.
l'rcni this moment Sweden de
tached herself from France and en
tered into ncgocutiont; with her ene
mies. Afterwards, the war between
France 8c Russia became imminent.
The Swedish tourt proposed to make
common cause with France, but at
the same time renewing its proposi
tioo relative to Norway. It was in
rain that Sweden represented, thai
from the Norwegian ports a deJcent
upon ScoUand was easy; it was in
vain that she dwelt-upon all the guar
antecs which the. ancient alliances of
Sweden gave Franccof the conduct
she would follow towards England.
The reply of the cabinet of Thuilierics
was the same t it had its hand tied
by the treaty with Denmark
From that moment Sweden no
leapcr kept any measures ; she con
tracted an alliance with Russia and
Knglahd ; and the first stipqJation of
that treaty was the common engage
ment of compelling Denmark to cede
Norway to Sweden.
The batdes of Smolensk, and of
the.Moskwa, restrained the activity
cf Sweden j the received some sub
sidies, made some preparations ; but
began no hostilities The events of
the winter of 1312 arrived; the
French trooni evacuated . Hamburg ;
the situation of Denmark became pe- I
rilous: at war with England threa
ened by Sweden and Russia,' France
appeared unable to support her. The
king of Denmark, with that fidelity
which characterizes him, Addressed
himself to the emperor in order to
get out of this situation. The empe
ror wha wishes that his policy should
never be at the cipenee of his. allies,
replied that Denmark was at liberty
to treat with England to save the in
tegrity of her territory, and that his
esteem and friendship for the Hog
should receive no diminution from
the new connection . which the force
of circumstances obliged Denmark to
contract. Trucking expressed all his
bis gratitude at this proceeding. . . I
Fcur ships crews of very excellent
sailers had been furniihed by. Den
flirk, and manned four ships of our
Scheldt fleet.' The king of Denmark,
during this time having expressed a
desire that these sailors should, be
-Mortd. the enoperor sent ih em. back
to him with the mqst scrupulous :x
atness, at the aamCtune expressing
to the officers and teamen the at:sv
fjcttou he felt ar'their good conduct.
Evenis,howevcr, proceeded.
sllics tho'i that the revenes'of Burke
yere realized. The French empire
a their imiiqi nations, waa alrea
dy traced froai the face of the globe
-! thi id cafiusthavc'prf Nomina
trtl to sttange degTce wheo they of-!-ictI
Denmark, aaa compensation
for, Norway, our departments of the
32jl miliury. division, and even all
Holland, in order to recompose ih the
north, a maritime power, who should
act in conjunction with Russia.
The king- of Denmark, far from,
suffering himself to be surprised by
those deceitful offers, said to them,
A you wish then, to give me colonies
:n Europe, and that, too, to the detri
ment of France ln
A In the impossibility of making the
king of Denmark participate in' so
foolish an idea, prince Dolgorucki
was tent to Copenhagen to demarld
that they should, make a common
cause with the allies, in consequence
of which, the allies wou!d: guarantee
the integrity of Denmark, and even
of Norway. The urgency of circum
stances, ' the imminent dangers
which Denmark ran, the distance of
the French armies, her own salvation,
made the policy of Denmark give
way. . The King consented, in return
for the guarantee oi his dominions,
to cover Hamburg, and to keep that
town sheltered from the French ar
mies during the war. He felt all
that was disagreeable to the empe
ror in "this stipulation ; he raade all
the modifications which it was possible
to make in it ; and did not even sign
it but by giving way to the entreaties
ol all those by whom her was sur
rounded, who represented to him
the necessity of saving his states ;
but he was far from thinking it was
only a snare laid for him. They
wished to place him at war with
France, and after making him by
this measure lose in that circumstance
his natural support, they would have
broken their word and obliged him to
subscribe to all the shameless condi
tions they chose to inapose on him.
M. de Bernstorff proceeded to
London ; he expected to have been
eagerly received there and to have
nothing more to do than renew the
treaty concluded with prince Dolgo
rucki : but what was his astonishment
when the Prince Regent refused to
iviv. tli Vtnv' 1rttVr. & when lord
I Castleragh gave him to understand,
j there could be no treaiy between r.ng
( land and Denmark, unless as a preh-
mi Uary nrilClC, iiumajr rraa- bbutu
to Swenden. A few days after count
Bernstorff received an order to return
to Denmark.
At the same moment, similar lan
guage was used to count Moltke, en
vov from Denmark to the emperor A-
jlexander. Prince Dolgorucki wasdis
avowed as having exceeded nts .pow
ers : and during thistime the Danes
were giving their notification to the
French army, and some hostilities
took place III
We shall in vain open the annals of
nations to discover in them policy
more immoral. It was at the mo
ment that Denmark, found herself
thus engaged in a- war with France,
that the treaty to which she was con
forming, was at the same time disa'
vowed at London and in Russia, and
that advantage was taken of the em
barrassments in . which that power
was placed, to present her as an uU
timatum with a treaty which engaged
her to acknowledge the cession of
Norway ! , . ,
Under these difficult circumstances
the king shewed the greatest confl i
dence in the emperor i he declared
his' treaty void he recalled his
troops from Hamburg ; he ordered
his army to mar eft with the French
army ; and, in short, he declaredthat
he still considered himself ; as allied
to France, and that he relied on the
emperor's magnanimity.
.' The president de'rKaas was. sent
to tKe French headquarters with let
ters from the king. -rt thwrneme
tbe kinLditpawed tXonvay the
herediury prince- of Denmark, a
young .prince of the highest promise,
iid-pvticularly byf the Norwegians.
Hc set out disguised as a. saibr :
threw himself into a fishing boat, and
arrived m Norway on the 22d of May
. 'On the 30th of May the. French
troops entered Hamburg and the Da
n!h division, which marched with
our troops j entered Lubcck - .
varoo uc naas. wnne ai Aiiona,
ea,perienced another scene of perfidy,
ecual to the first. The envoys from
the, allies came to his lodgings, and
gav.e him to understand that they
renounced the cession of Norway,
and that on condition Denmark ma
king' common cause with the allies,
it should no longer be" made a ques
tion i they conjured him to delay his
depart ure.
Tht reply of M. de Kaas was sim-pie-'1,
1 have my orders, I must exe
cute rhem." They told him the
French armies were defeated ; that
did not move him, he continued his
-
journey.
However, on the 31st of play, an
Enclish feeet appeared before Copen
hagen.; one of the ships of war an
chored before the town, and Air.
Thornton presented himself. - He
stated that the allies were going to
commence hostilities, if, within forty
eight hours, Denmark dibVnot sign a
treaty, the principal conditions of
which were t6 cede Norway to Swe
den, to immediately "give.up eft depots
the 'Province of Drontheim, and to
furnish 25,000 men to ad with the al
lies against France,, and .to conquer
the indemnites which were to be the
portion of Denninrk. He at the same
time declared, that hi? overtures
made to M. de Kaas,, on his journey
to Altona were disavowed, and
could only be considered as military
suggestions.
The king indignantly refused the
insolent summons. Meanwhile the
prince royal havirtg arrived in Nor
way, published the following procla
mation. -
Here follow! the proclamation.
The confidence which the king of
Denmark had in the emperor has been
entirely justified, and all the bonds
between the two nations have been
re-established and strengthened..
The French army is.in Hamburg;
a Danish division follows its motions
to support it. The EngUth,by their
policy, obtained only shame and con
fdsion ; the wishes of all worthy men
accompany-the heritlitary prince of
Denmark into Norway. What ren
ders the situation of Norway critical,
is the want of provisions ; but Nor
way shall remain Danish the inte
grity of Denmark is guaranteed by
France.
The bombardment of Copenhagen,
whilst an English minister was still
with the king; the burning of that
capital and the fleet, without declara
tion of war, or any previous hostili
ty ; appeared to be the most odious
scene of modern history : but the
crooked policy which leads the Eng
lish to demand a cession of a pro
vince, happy for so many years under
the secptre of the house pi Holstein,
and the series of intrigues to which
they have had recourse to obtain this
odious result, Would be considered
as more immoral and more outra
geous thaaeven the burning; of Co
penhagen. In it we observe that policy of
which, the houses of Tirnour and Si
cily have been the victims, and which
have despoiled them of their" domi
nions. T he English are accustomed
in' India to be never stopped by an
idea of justice they follow this poli
cy in Europe. ' r
It appears, that in all the negotia
tions which the allies have had, with
England, the powers, the greatest
enemies to France have been disgusted-
by the excessive pretensions of
the English government "!"
The basis even of the peace .df
Luneville are declared by the Eng
lish to be inadmissible, as too favor
able' to France.' ; . V-;" ' j
Madepi' Uiey are Received "yin
their latitude, and lake .Frenchmen
for Hindoos. , :;, 1; . . .
NOTICE
1 -
ELOPED from my. bed and board, on the
5tb U$U my wife. POLLV JON&ST I
hereby forwani alPricrsons frem crcdKin Of
harbotinrcf her, r I W determined not to
pay any. debt contracted by ber. .' '
; , JOSEPH PHONES. .
Sfpt'evihcr 9, 1813. "
EXTRA SESSION T.
OF THK
soirrn.cjiROLijcJi zEQisLjT&itE.
The foliowinp eitttcYfWm thjpfcommunica-;
tion of bt Excellency the GoVef nor to the
uegmature, at me opening oiiucirc
slon on the 16th 4ilt wi II sSrw? the cause
for which tlie Session was convened: -after
speaking of the present situation 'of -the
Country and of cteps consequently ta&eu,
be says i jr - : -
11 Among other measures, dictate d
by anxiety for the common safety, art
increase of the Maga2ineiGuard was
not the least important. -The facili
ty' with which this valuable depot
might have been destroyed by a sin
gle barge dispatched either through
the unprotected pass bftStono irithe
rear, or the equally unguarded pas
sage between Sullivan's Island and
the Main, in front, was obvious i the
effect of such a stroke was, if possible
still more obvious. That this was
strongly felt not only by the Exectii
tive, but by the citizens of Charleston 1
generally, wm oe sumcienuy apparent
from the address and resolutions'
('(marked G. transmitted by their
Chairman, the Horn I ho. liennett,
Jun: Jnteodant of the city. To re
lieve these well groundtd apprehen
6ions, and give effectual protection to
the Magazine', thecommanding offi
cer of the 7th Brigade was ordered
to detail an extra guard from the four.
Charleston regiments, relievable at
the end of every three days; That
this service; light in itself, and ear
nestly recommended by the citizens
of Charleston themselves,should have
excited a single murmur or expres
sion of discontent was hardly to be
expected. Yet, extradrdina-ry as it
may appear, the regiments designated
for it, had not been twice on duty,
when it was announced by the field
officers, through their Brigadier-General,
that the service had hot only
created great disgust and irritation,
but was utterly, refused (see letter
marked H.) This rtfusal involved
consequences of too high abd serious
a nature to be overlooked. To have
yielded to it would have given Sanc
tion to a licentiousness of spirit, which
must have rendered the militia worse
than useless. A crisis had arrived :
it was necessary to meettit fThat
the popular feeling Would be strongly
excited, and that I should probably
incur no small degree of odium, I
could not but be aware : that this ex
citement,' and this odium, would be
fomented and inflamed by all politi
cally hostile to the war, on the one
hand, and by all on the othery who,
destitute of real patriotism, are wil
ling to climb to e phe m eral cons ei.
quence, by flattering the popular pas
sions and prejudices of the momentf
no matter how much to the perma
nent; and essential injury of the coun
try, was equally certain; But to
those considerations, however inter
esting, there were others still para
mount : an honest regard to the true
interests, indeed the safety of the
State i a faithful and eonscientiouts.
discharge of ; duty i Satisfied there!
fore, upon the most mature ancf JdeuV
berate reflection, thartheVe was but
one mod e of conduct be tting the
occasion, that mode was without he
sitation adopted . A Ver.al Courts
Martial !was ordered. . ; Vet persuad-.
ed that the militia of Charleston were
inferior to. the fest bfjtheir country
men, neither in courage, nor patriot
ism, nor zeal, it was deemed suffi
cient, . to suppress the spirit ef diso
bedience, which had been manifest
ed, to sdect for trial those Who had
eiven the first example.1 ' This would
Oi roe priucipic, n. was uencycu, was.
T .1 . Z I- . U1.1 1 ' J. s,
- J
an in a l was necessary. x ne venerai
Order (marked I) was $skiijfr
cbfdirjgiy.vfTfee general Courtar
tial thereinrMirected, coufefniayyrtd
the Rules arid -Articles. of War,7 had
scarcely assembled, when theues-'
desired, wasjearried before the judi
cial authority, by:tbe application, cn
behalf of one "of the. prisoners, fdr i
writ of. Jiabeas Corpus Having ta
ken the opliuoA.of the Judge Advo
cate, and Attorney General, upon the
construction oTthe actlbTa 794 both
oFwhichid chcirjed with iny own,
little 'doubi ivai entertioJa;cor
respp nrleh t. o pmioh by th e CoUrt;
HoWerfbriebui thiiexjtOT prby- :
ed will be seen by the decision hete
with irahstfiitted, (marked Ki) r'By
this 9eciaipyhich sjks4 langUaige :
too plat n to r eb tiir e ; cb hi meat, i t is; e- ;
videht that the whole MiliurfcSys-
tefrt of the State; was annihilated To
have ordered ahy portion of the Mi
litia into the jfied; witriput wertto
enforce that oeK-wx)u1dS
idle ;' tb have attempted to kee'rj thexA
in the feld, without power to enloree)
discipline, and' preserve aUbbrdina ;
tidti, otild have been worse than
idle. THe General Order of thfe 23d
ult. (L) was ai hecesdar y consequence
While thfe informatioh oFah adrji
ti on il number of regular ' rWopi hatri1
ing been ordered to Beaufdrffr)?nder- v
ed the discharge,ojf the Mijitta Under
Lt. Col Yodngblobd less reluctaqf
than it wlStlld otherwise have beeU ;
that dischar.W'ai irendd
cessaty, by the apprd.iching tennma
tidn of the period for wliich 1 : thiy
were ehibodied, and when,- conse
quentlyfto maintain the osts estab
lished,' $ would! huVe-lnfen Vejjuisite
to order put a new detachment. The
failure of such ah .order,; it was felt,'
was pregrmht with- mischief tod seri
ous and extensive, to permit if to be
hazarded, except untier circumstances
more urgent than were supposec to
exist. ' " y ,' - '
u It Was dt'the moment of theissu
ing this order, that intelligence 'waat X
received i of a landing by the enemy '
oh S i Helena. A cbunter order, as
to the time of disbanding hfs Xropps,
abd other instructions proper for the
occasion, were; in tbniequehce,
promptly and ti mely Communicated
to the commanding officer of the de
tachmenr. y. v'-v' - v:;,
u That bur Military System- wa v
defective, it is too certain was rtdt ta
be inferred merely from the geneVtJ '
imperfection of all humanprovisloni.
Its defects had been seen antf felt, by
military men of every grae, and hacl
more than ence engaged the attentipri
of the legislature. But that
so utterly inadequate as has been de- '
clared, to the purposes for which tt'
was enacted, .it is confidently believ
edf had never been siispected by any
man, befote the last deciaioni' ; f'ho
necessity i hi posed- UponoU 'by that
decision, of promptly tevlungltid &i )
mending the Militia Laws will . be
obvious. The recollection, that we
are at hls foment in h
a powerful ?and enterprisingtini
and that purl :MHitia cbnstut
chief, if ndt the cmljfcdeielDfi
State Will be sufficient ta impress Up
on you tlie vital importancie of prdvid
imjr fbrtheir gofnmervt a mysternit
adapted tb the character o( the perioci
If to apply to i state'df Peaces the'diiir
ciplihetif a state of War be tyftnuyV
tfr apply to atiteF Warthdisci
bipHne of a state; of Pcice is Weal :
netsl hlleapr
serves the patriotism brtbttrcmntVr
men, let us not conceal from ourselves,
that inevj
men who require other, . incentives tq
the performance, of; duty" irrirely
altogether upon public-fcelirfg would
be to impose the burden of 'sustalninfr -
the war upon the virttsoosancl merU
toridus, and ,td exe'mpt trbm it those
least worthy of lavon
,-; vvmie - rtraVe dUch tbhfii
dence" myoUrwisddmrto a4- -uredlthat
npthlpgf itlhleft iidne;
which may conduce, tb euiin
terest; I cannot tear tp invite y pur
attebtipn paracu
brinthfe rtJr
-" - j ''
ol the militia into thee'd wheo do
wheti they shalfhayd takers tfefield
casrpnjsnaii rrqutre:i(aiut-jtatti(he n ' "m
and regulations necessary WtKeni'ai , X I
tenance of i cbod brder end difaSnl'o " - ':M
I sitbmit'' to bu alib;tlie: eiti ' ' V
of protecting fronr alf, civil ?ess; 1$
while oii duty, the persons and estate T P
of die militia dra;rddclicdVcu
therforthe service of 4he St&te or the ' u'
United States;;;- , -:. ' 'MA
? "In providing for
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